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Jones A, Gough T, Robinson E. Two online randomised controlled trials examining effects of alcohol calorie labelling on hypothetical ordering of calories from alcohol and food. Appetite 2024; 200:107548. [PMID: 38876150 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Providing calorie information for alcoholic beverages is a potential public-health intervention which may serve to reduce alcohol use but also prevalence of overweight/obesity. Equivocal evidence has been found for the effectiveness of alcohol calorie information at reducing drinking intentions as well as purchasing and consumption. However, the extent at which calorie information 'on-trade' will impact consumer behaviour for both alcohol and food consumption has not been investigated. AIMS (1) To examine the presence of alcohol calorie labelling for hypothetical purchasing of alcohol and food in typical UK restaurant scenarios. (2) To determine the characteristics of individuals who will be likely to choose to view alcohol calorie labels. METHODS Two online randomised control trials using a hypothetical menu selection. In experiment one (N = 325) participants were randomised to the presence or absence of alcohol calorie labels. In experiment two (N = 1081) individuals were randomised to alcohol calorie labels absent or the choice to view alcohol calorie labels. The primary outcome for each study was calories ordered from alcoholic beverages. RESULTS There was no evidence that the presence of alcohol calorie information on restaurant menus impacted the number of calories ordered from alcoholic beverages or from food and soft drinks. Younger individuals and individuals who exhibit greater motives for good health were more likely to choose to view alcohol calorie labels. CONCLUSIONS In two online, hypothetical experiments there is no evidence for alcohol calorie labelling impacting consumer decisions to order alcohol or food. Given the choice, a self-selecting group of individuals who are more motivated by health concerns will view alcohol calorie labels, and in turn may be less likely to order alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Jones
- Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool UK.
| | - Thomas Gough
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool UK
| | - Eric Robinson
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool UK
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2
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Morris J, Tattan-Birch H, Albery IP, Heather N, Moss AC. Look away now! Defensive processing and unrealistic optimism by level of alcohol consumption. Psychol Health 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38379336 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2024.2316681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Health risk information is insufficient as a means of reducing alcohol use, particularly when it evokes negative emotional states amongst those for whom it is most personally relevant. Appraisal biases, or 'defensive processing', may be employed to mitigate the psychological discomfort posed by such information. Few studies have evaluated the role of defensive processing in people with different levels of alcohol consumption. DESIGN Online participants (n = 597) completed measures of defensive processing of a health risk infographic, perceived susceptibility and severity of alcohol use, efficacy for resisting alcohol use, unrealistic optimism, the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test - Consumption (AUDIT-C) and demographics. RESULTS AUDIT-C scores were positively and linearly associated with all defensive processing measures (Pearson's correlation r from.16 to .36), threat and susceptibility (r = .16) and unrealistic optimism (r = .50). AUDIT-C scores were also negatively associated with efficacy for controlling alcohol use (r = -0.48). CONCLUSION People with alcohol use disorder (AUD) engaged in much more defensive processing of alcohol-related messages, offering an explanation for why such messages are limited at eliciting behaviour change. High levels of unrealistic optimism in people with alcohol use disorder may reflect low problem recognition in order to maintain a problem-free drinking identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Morris
- Centre for Addictive Behaviours Research, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - I P Albery
- Centre for Addictive Behaviours Research, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
| | - N Heather
- University of Northumbria, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - A C Moss
- Centre for Addictive Behaviours Research, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
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Davies EL, Puljević C, Winstock AR, Ferris JA. Regrets, I've Had a Few: Exploring Factors Associated with Getting Drunk and Regret in an International Study of People Who Drink Alcohol. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:775-784. [PMID: 38229240 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2302140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive alcohol consumption is often followed by feelings of regret. This study aimed to explore country differences in experiences of drunkenness and regrets and predictors of experiencing a greater number of regrettable drinking occasions. METHODS This study draws on a sample of 82,821 respondents from 31 countries who completed the 2020 Global Drug Survey. Respondents were asked to report how many times in the last year they had been drunk, how many of those times they felt regret afterwards and to complete a range of sociodemographic measures. RESULTS In the last 12 months, the median times drunk was 6 and the median number of regretted occasions was 2. There was an inverse relationship between times drunk and regret. Respondents who got drunk more often regretted it a smaller percentage of the time than those who got drunk less often. Respondents from Argentina and Colombia regretted being drunk the most and Denmark the least. Being younger, in higher AUDIT categories were associated with more times drunk. Being a woman, having mental health conditions were associated with more regretted occasions.Discussion and conclusions: Country variations may reflect relative acceptability of being drunk. Those who drink more, per occasion, may become accustomed to the consequences and feel fewer regrets. Interventions promoting reduced alcohol consumption may benefit from encouraging people to consider their future regret following a drinking occasion but should account for lower levels of regret in those who get drunk more often.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Davies
- Centre for Psychological Research, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Cheneal Puljević
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adam R Winstock
- University College London, London, UK
- Global Drug Survey, London, UK
| | - Jason A Ferris
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
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4
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Davies EL, Foxcroft DR, Puljevic C, Ferris JA, Winstock AR. Global comparisons of responses to alcohol health information labels: A cross sectional study of people who drink alcohol from 29 countries. Addict Behav 2022; 131:107330. [PMID: 35504111 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this paper was to explore responses to alcohol health information labels from a cross sectional survey of people who drink alcohol from 29 countries. DESIGN This paper draws on findings from the Global Drug Survey (GDS) - an annual cross sectional online survey. PARTICIPANTS 75,969 (64.3% male) respondents from 29 countries were included in the study. MEASURES Respondents were shown seven health information labels (topics were heart disease, liver, cancer, calories, violence, taking two days off and myth of benefits of moderate drinking). They were asked if the information was new, believable, personally relevant, and if it would change their drinking. A multivariate multilevel Bayesian logistic regression model was used to estimate predicted probabilities for newness, believability, relevance and if messages would change drinking behaviour by country and information label. FINDINGS Predicted probabilities showed substantial variability in responses across countries. Respondents from Colombia, Brazil and Mexico were more likely to consider drinking less as well as have lower levels of previous awareness. Those from Denmark and Switzerland were not as likely to say the labels would make them consider drinking less. The cancer message was consistently the newest and most likely to make people consider drinking less across countries. CONCLUSIONS Country differences in responses to messages can be used to create targeted harm reduction measures as well as inform what should be on labels. The provision of such health information on alcohol product labels may play a role in raising awareness of the risk of drinking. Global comparisons of responses to alcohol health information labels: a cross sectional study of people who drink alcohol from 29 countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Davies
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, UK.
| | - David R Foxcroft
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, UK
| | - Cheneal Puljevic
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jason A Ferris
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Adam R Winstock
- University College London, UK; Global Drug Survey, London, UK
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5
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Davies EL, Puljevic C, Gilchrist G, Potts L, Zhuparris A, Maier LJ, Barratt MJ, Winstock AR, Ferris JA. Impacts of changes in alcohol consumption patterns during the first 2020 COVID-19 restrictions for people with and without mental health and neurodevelopmental conditions: A cross sectional study in 13 countries. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2021; 101:103563. [PMID: 34952280 PMCID: PMC8692164 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The initial period of COVID-19-related restrictions affected substance use in some population groups. We explored how changes in alcohol use at the beginning of the pandemic impacted the health and wellbeing of people with and without mental health and neurodevelopmental conditions (MHDCs). Methods Data came from the Global Drug Survey Special Edition on COVID-19 conducted in May-June 2020. Measured were; changes in drinking compared to February 2020 (pre-COVID-19 restrictions), reasons for changes, and impact on physical health, mental health, relationships, finances, work/study, and enjoyment. This study included 38,141 respondents (median age = 32 IQR 25-45; 51.9% cis man; 47.8% cis woman; 1.2% trans/non-binary; 30.2% with MHDCs e.g. depression 20.0%, anxiety 16.3%, ADHD 3.8%, PTSD 3.3%). Results A third (35.3%) of respondents with MHDCs and 17.8% without MHDCs indicated that increased drinking affected their mental health negatively (p<.001); 44.2% of respondents with MHDCS compared to 32.6% without MHDCs said it affected their physical health negatively (p<.001). Reduced drinking was associated with better mental health among a fifth (21.1%) of respondents with MHDCS and 14.4% without MHDCs (p<.001). Age, relationship status, living arrangements, employment, coping and distress were significant predictors of increases in drinking. Conclusion Among people with MHDCS, reduced alcohol consumption was associated with better mental health, while the negative effects of increased drinking were more pronounced when compared to people without MHDCS. When supporting people in reducing alcohol consumption during uncertain times, people with MHDCS may need additional support, alongside those experiencing greater levels of distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Davies
- Centre for Psychological Research, Oxford Brookes University, UK.
| | - Cheneal Puljevic
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Larissa J Maier
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Monica J Barratt
- Social and Global Studies Centre and Digital Ethnography Research Centre, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Jason A Ferris
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Australia
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6
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How Are the Links between Alcohol Consumption and Breast Cancer Portrayed in Australian Newspapers?: A Paired Thematic and Framing Media Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147657. [PMID: 34300108 PMCID: PMC8304242 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A dose-dependent relationship between alcohol consumption and increased breast cancer risk is well established, even at low levels of consumption. Australian women in midlife (45–64 years) are at highest lifetime risk for developing breast cancer but demonstrate low awareness of this link. We explore women’s exposure to messages about alcohol and breast cancer in Australian print media in the period 2002–2018. Methods: Paired thematic and framing analyses were undertaken of Australian print media from three time-defined subsamples: 2002–2004, 2009–2011, and 2016–2018. Results: Five key themes arose from the thematic framing analysis: Ascribing Blame, Individual Responsibility, Cultural Entrenchment, False Equilibrium, and Recognition of Population Impact. The framing analysis showed that the alcohol–breast cancer link was predominantly framed as a behavioural concern, neglecting medical and societal frames. Discussion: We explore the representations of the alcohol and breast cancer risk relationship. We found their portrayal to be conflicting and unbalanced at times and tended to emphasise individual choice and responsibility in modifying health behaviours. We argue that key stakeholders including government, public health, and media should accept shared responsibility for increasing awareness of the alcohol–breast cancer link and invite media advocates to assist with brokering correct public health information.
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Petersén E, Thurang A, Berman AH. Staff experiences of encountering and treating outpatients with substance use disorder in the psychiatric context: a qualitative study. Addict Sci Clin Pract 2021; 16:29. [PMID: 33971959 PMCID: PMC8112046 DOI: 10.1186/s13722-021-00235-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High comorbidity exists between mental illness and substance use disorders (SUD). Patients in psychiatry living with problematic alcohol or drug consumption can experience a sense of exclusion, where seeking help for SUD can be perceived as stigmatizing. The aim of this study is to illuminate staff experiences of encountering patients with SUD within the psychiatric outpatient context. Methods The study was exploratory, with a qualitative design. Interviews with outpatient psychiatry managers and focus groups with clinical staff focused on the experience of encountering patients with SUD. Data were evaluated using content analysis inspired by phenomenological-hermeneutic methodology. Results Three themes were identified and each illuminated by two sub-themes. Bridging the organizational gap included sub-themes of having an established collaboration and facing difficulties in the collaboration; Having beliefs about the patient you encounter included sub-themes of working with patients who are exposed to prejudicial thoughts and expressing prejudicial thoughts about the patient. Striving to achieve a therapeutic alliance included sub-themes of having a feeling of developing together and supporting the patient towards recovery. Conclusion A life-world perspective, used to interpret results, indicated that caring for patients with SUD in psychiatry was perceived as difficult, where collaboration between psychiatry and addiction care was often experienced as problematic. Based on these findings, we believe that the current gap between the psychiatry and addiction care could be reduced to some extent by offering patients digital treatment for SUD. In this way, patients could remain under the care of their regular psychiatric clinic without having to physically visit SUD services. Thus, a virtual bridge could be established to bring psychiatry and addiction care closer to each other for the patients’ benefit. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13722-021-00235-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Petersén
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Anna Thurang
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne H Berman
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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8
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Janssen A, Parslow E. Pregnancy persistently reduces alcohol purchases: Causal evidence from scanner data. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2021; 30:231-247. [PMID: 33155361 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We analyze household-level changes in alcohol consumption in response to pregnancy. Using scanner data, we identify households with a pregnant household member. Within an event study and a dynamic difference-in-differences estimation, we find that during a first pregnancy, households reduce their alcohol purchases by 36%. After pregnancy, purchases of alcohol are 34% lower than before pregnancy. We do not find any effect during the second pregnancy. One possible explanation for our result is that lower consumption during pregnancy changes habits and reduces consumption in the long term. We discuss other explanations and comment on policy implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elle Parslow
- Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden
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Davies EL, Cooke R, Maier LJ, Winstock AR, Ferris JA. Where and What You Drink Is Linked to How Much You Drink: An Exploratory Survey of Alcohol Use in 17 Countries. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:1941-1950. [PMID: 34378484 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1958864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper aimed to explore the differences in subjective experiences of intoxication depending on drinking location and drink type. Methods: Data came from 32,194 respondents to The Global Drug Survey (GDS) 2015, an annual, cross-sectional, online survey. Respondents selected their usual drinking location (home alone: home with partner/family: house parties: pubs/bars or clubs) and usual drink (wine; beer/cider/lager; spirits or alcopops/coolers). They indicated how many drinks they required to reach three stages of intoxication (feeling the effects; an ideal stage of intoxication; and the tipping point) and how frequently they reached each stage. Results: Drink type affected grams of alcohol reported to reach the tipping point: 109 gm wine, 127 gm alcopops, 133 gm of beer, and 134 gm of spirts. Respondents who drank at home alone, or in clubs reached their tipping point more frequently compared to other locations. Conclusions: Where people drink, and the type of alcohol they drink, affected the amount of alcohol reported to reach different stages of intoxication. Understanding why different drinking locations, and drink types lead to a need for greater consumption to reach an ideal state of drunkenness, such as social cues from other people who drink, may enable people to reduce their drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Davies
- The Centre for Psychological Research, Oxford Brookes University, UK
| | - Richard Cooke
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research
| | - Larissa J Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Swiss National Science Foundation, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adam R Winstock
- Institute of Epidemiology & Health, University College London, London, UK.,Global Drug Survey, UK
| | - Jason A Ferris
- Centre for Health Services Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Davies EL, Cooke R, Maier LJ, Winstock AR, Ferris JA. Drinking to excess and the tipping point: An international study of alcohol intoxication in 61,000 people. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2020; 83:102867. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Winstock AR, Holmes J, Ferris JA, Davies EL. Perceptions of Alcohol Health Warning Labels in a Large International Cross-Sectional Survey of People Who Drink Alcohol. Alcohol Alcohol 2019; 55:315-322. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agz099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
This paper aimed to explore perceptions of alcohol health warning labels amongst a large international sample of people who drink alcohol.
Methods
The Global Drug Survey (GDS) is the world’s largest annual cross sectional survey of drug use. Seven health warning labels were presented (relating to heart disease, liver, cancer, calories, violence, taking two days off and the myth of benefits to moderate drinking). People were asked if they were aware of the information, believed it, if it was personally relevant, and if it would change their drinking. This paper included data from 75,969 respondents from 29 countries/regions who reported the use of alcohol in the last 12 months, collected during November–December 2017 (GDS2018).
Results
The fact that drinking less can reduce the risk of seven types of cancer was the least well known, and yet was demonstrated to encourage almost 40% of drinkers to consider drinking less. Women and high risk drinkers were more likely to indicate they would reduce their drinking in response to all labels. Personal relevance was identified as a key predictor of individual responses.
Conclusion
Findings highlight the potential of a range of health messages displayed on alcoholic beverages to raise awareness of alcohol-related harms and potentially support a reduction in drinking. Further research should explore what influences personal relevance of messages as this may be a barrier to effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Winstock
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, UK
| | - John Holmes
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jason A Ferris
- Centre for Health Services Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Emma L Davies
- Department of Psychology, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, UK
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Drouin M, Jozkowski KN, Davis J, Newsham G. How Does Alcohol Consumption Affect Perceptions of One's Own and a Drinking Partner's Ability to Consent to Sexual Activity? JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2019; 56:740-753. [PMID: 30198776 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2018.1509290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this naturalistic study, our aim was to examine the extent to which alcohol consumption affected perceptions of one's own and one's friend's ability to consent to sexual activity. We surveyed 160 adult bargoers in pairs about their own and their friends' alcohol consumption, intoxication symptoms, and ability to consent to sexual activity. On average, participants reported consuming 4.97 drinks, rated themselves at the legal limit for driving, reported one intoxication symptom, and had a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) just over .08. However, few thought they or their friend had diminished cognitive function. Accordingly, most indicated that they could consent to sex (93%) and their friend could consent to sex (87%). Number of drinks people reported consuming, self-reported intoxication levels and symptoms, and BACs were significantly correlated; however, none of these measures was significantly related to individuals' perceptions of their own or their friends' ability to consent to sexual activity. Finally, those in man-man pairs were significantly more likely than those in woman-woman pairs to indicate they would allow their friend to have sex if approached by an interested party. These findings have potential implications for prevention programming and for legal cases involving individuals who engage in sexual activity while intoxicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Drouin
- a Department of Psychology , Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne
| | - Kristen N Jozkowski
- b Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation , University of Arkansas
| | - Jedidiah Davis
- a Department of Psychology , Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne
| | - Genni Newsham
- a Department of Psychology , Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne
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Burgess M, Cooke R, Davies EL. My own personal hell: approaching and exceeding thresholds of too much alcohol. Psychol Health 2019; 34:1451-1469. [PMID: 31111737 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2019.1616087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Government guidelines aim to promote sensible alcohol consumption but such advice is disconnected from people's lived experiences. This research investigated how people construct personal thresholds of 'too much' alcohol. Design and measures: One hundred fifty drinkers completed an online survey (Mage = 23.29(5.51); 64.7% female). Participants were asked whether they had an intuitive sense of what constitutes too much alcohol. They wrote open-ended descriptions of how that threshold had been established and how it felt to approach/exceed it. These qualitative accounts were coded using thematic analysis and interpreted with an experiential theoretical framework. Results: Personal thresholds were based on previously experienced embodied states rather than guidelines, or health concerns. Describing the approach to their threshold, 75% of participants fell into two distinct groups. Group 1's approach was an entirely negative embodied experience (nausea/anxiety) and Group 2's approach was an entirely positive, embodied experience (relaxed/pleasurable). These groups differed significantly in awareness of alcohol's effects, agency and self-perceptions, but not on alcohol consumption. Exceeding their threshold was an entirely negative embodied experience for all. Conclusion: These findings illustrate that people are guided by experientially grounded conceptions of consumption. Interventions could target different groups of drinker according to their embodied experience during the approach to 'too much' alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Burgess
- Department of Psychology, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard Cooke
- Institute for Psychology, Health & Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Emma L Davies
- Department of Psychology, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
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14
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Taylor AW, Bewick BM, Ling Q, Kirzhanova VV, Alterwain P, Dal Grande E, Tucker G, Makanjuola AB. Clusters of alcohol abstainers and drinkers incorporating motives against drinking: a random survey of 18 to 30 year olds in four cities in four different continents. AIMS Public Health 2019; 6:15-33. [PMID: 30931340 PMCID: PMC6433617 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2019.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this analysis was to identify alcohol consumption clusters for adolescents and early adults according to attitudes to drinking, motivations against drinking and perceptions associated with alcohol. Method Interviews were undertaken with people aged 18–34 years old living in four cities in different regions of the world. Multistage random sampling was consistent across the four cities (Ilorin (Nigeria), Wuhan (China), Montevideo (Uruguay) and Moscow (Russia)). The questionnaire was forward and back translated into relevant languages and face-to-face interviewing undertaken. The data were weighted to the population of each city. In total 6235 structured interviews were undertaken (1391 in Ilorin, 1600 in Montevideo, 1604 in Moscow and 1640 in Wuhan). Questions regarding motivation against alcohol consumption (14 items), assessing perceptions (3 items) and attitudes to drinking in certain situations (8 items) were asked of all respondents including abstainers. Factor analysis was initially undertaken to identify highly related correlated variables. Results Cluster analysis provided a variety of clusters (Ilorin (3 clusters), Montevideo (5), Moscow (4) and Wuhan (4)). At least one cluster in each city was dominated by abstainers and another by heavy episodic drinkers. Variations by city and alcohol consumption patterns existed in regards to variables included. Conclusion This analysis detailed the city specific motivations against drinking alcohol, and the attitudes towards alcohol consumption. Differences highlight the influence of country/city specific culture, customs, laws, societal norms and traditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne W Taylor
- Population Research and Outcome Studies, Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Qing Ling
- Center for Health Education, PR Ministry of Health, China
| | - Valentina V Kirzhanova
- Department of Epidemiology, Federal Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Russia
| | | | - Eleonora Dal Grande
- Population Research and Outcome Studies, Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Graeme Tucker
- Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alfred B Makanjuola
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin-Nigeria
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Davies EL, Maier LJ, Winstock AR, Ferris JA. Intention to reduce drinking alcohol and preferred sources of support: An international cross-sectional study. J Subst Abuse Treat 2019; 99:80-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Raggatt M, Wright C, Dietze P, Pennay A, Caluzzi G, Lim M. Correlates of Reduced Alcohol Consumption among a Sample of Young Australians. Alcohol Alcohol 2019; 54:525-531. [PMID: 31250879 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agz057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Population data suggest that a significant proportion of young drinkers are reducing or ceasing their alcohol use; however, there is a lack of information about the characteristics of young people who do so. Our study aimed to determine characteristics associated with self-reported attempted and successful alcohol reduction and cessation among young people in Victoria, Australia. METHODS Data are from a cross-sectional online survey with young people aged 15-29 years living in Victoria, Australia. Participants who reported consuming alcohol in the past 12 months were included in the analysis (N = 1,162). RESULTS Alcohol drinking cessation in the past 12 months was reported by 3.8% (n = 44) and reduced alcohol consumption was reported by 32.1% (n = 371) of participants. Characteristics associated with trying to reduce or cease alcohol consumption were older age, being born overseas, drinking at hazardous levels, experiencing alcohol-related harms and interest in health content on social media. Characteristics associated with successful alcohol reduction or cessation were being born overseas and experiencing alcohol-related harm, while being a member of a religious group was negatively associated. CONCLUSIONS Recent reduction in alcohol consumption was common among young people in this study. Recent reduction in alcohol consumption was common among young people in this study. A combination of factors appear to be correlated with recent attempts to reduce drinking young people including socio-demographic characteristics, religiosity, drinking practices and experience of harm, and interest in health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cassandra Wright
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul Dietze
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amy Pennay
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gabriel Caluzzi
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Megan Lim
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Davies EL, Paltoglou AE. Public self-consciousness, pre-loading and drinking harms among university students. Subst Use Misuse 2019; 54:747-757. [PMID: 30636488 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1536720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social anxiety and self-consciousness are associated with alcohol-related problems in students. The practice of pre-loading is one avenue for exploration regarding this relationship. Individuals may pre-load to reduce social anxiety and feel more confident when socializing, which could lead to the increased harms experienced. The current study aimed to explore reasons for pre-loading, and whether public and private self-consciousness and social anxiety were related to pre-loading, increased drinking, and harms. OBJECTIVES Prospective study with four-week follow up of 325 UK students aged 18--30 years old. Participants completed measures of private and public self-consciousness, social anxiety, alcohol consumption, alcohol-related harms, and pre-loading. RESULTS Financial motives and mood-related reasons, such as gaining confidence were reported as reasons for pre-loading. Pre-loading predicted hazardous alcohol consumption, but social anxiety, and public and private self-consciousness did not. However, pre-loading, public self-consciousness, and social anxiety predicted alcohol-related harms. Furthermore, public self-consciousness mediated the relationship between pre-loading and harms in a positive direction and this appeared to be more relevant in high-risk (AUDIT 8+) than low-risk drinkers. CONCLUSIONS Students who scored higher in public self-consciousness appeared to be at greater risk of harms from pre-loading. Further research should examine this relationship with particular attention to high-risk drinkers, and explore which aspects of a night out are related to heightened self-consciousness. Interventions could incorporate measures to reduce public self-consciousness, in order to reduce the negative impacts of pre-loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Louise Davies
- a Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences , Oxford Brookes University , Oxford , UK
| | - Aspasia E Paltoglou
- b Department of Psychology , Manchester Metropolitan University , Manchester , UK
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Davies EL, Law C, Hennelly SE, Winstock AR. Acceptability of targeting social embarrassment in a digital intervention to reduce student alcohol consumption: A qualitative think aloud study. Digit Health 2017; 3:2055207617733405. [PMID: 29942615 PMCID: PMC6001214 DOI: 10.1177/2055207617733405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Increasing knowledge about alcohol-related harms, changing social norms, or encouraging drinking within safe unit levels often fails to change behaviour in young people. A novel intervention called ‘OneTooMany’ was developed, which targets the short-term social, and potentially, embarrassing consequences of drinking alcohol. The aim of this paper was to explore its acceptability, and to determine any features that might influence its effectiveness as a means of reducing alcohol consumption. Methods Participants were 23 young adults (aged 18–30) currently studying at university (n = 18) or in the first six months following graduation (n = 5). A think aloud interview approach was employed. Three main themes were identified in a deductive thematic analysis. Results Embarrassing experiences were a normalised part of drinking occasions, while some were actively avoided, others were celebrated. Humour served as a device to engage and interest participants, but could also diminish intervention messages. OneTooMany prompted reflections on many regrettable drinking experiences, but the participants did not see themselves as the target audience for this intervention. Conclusions Interventions may benefit from focusing on some of the short term, embarrassing consequences of excessive alcohol consumption. Further research is needed to ensure that reflections on past behaviour are helpful in addressing future behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Davies
- 1Department of Psychology, Oxford Brookes University, UK
| | - Cara Law
- 1Department of Psychology, Oxford Brookes University, UK
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Davies EL, Lonsdale AJ, Hennelly SE, Winstock AR, Foxcroft DR. Personalized Digital Interventions Showed no Impact on Risky Drinking in Young Adults: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Alcohol Alcohol 2017; 52:671-676. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agx051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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