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Mahrs-Gould R, Jallo N, Svikis D, Ameringer S, Robins J, Elswick RK. Family history of substance problems among African Americans: Associations with drug use, drug use disorder, and prescription drug misuse. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2024:1-28. [PMID: 38530153 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2024.2331108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
A family history of substance problems is a well-known risk factor for substance use and use disorders; however, much of this research has been conducted in studies with predominantly White subjects. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between family history density of substance problems and drug use, risk for drug use disorder, and prescription drug misuse in a sample of African American adults. Results indicate that family history density of substance problems increased the risk for all drug outcomes in the full sample. However, when subgroup analyses by gender were conducted, family history was not a risk factor among men for prescription drug misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nancy Jallo
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Dace Svikis
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Institute for Women's Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Jo Robins
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - R K Elswick
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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2
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Bauer AG, Bellot J, Bazan C, Gilmore A, Kideys K, Cameron A. Cultural considerations for substance use and substance use disorders among Black men. Bull Menninger Clin 2024; 88:108-127. [PMID: 38836848 DOI: 10.1521/bumc.2024.88.2.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
There are complex cultural considerations for understanding, assessing, and treating substance use disorders (SUD) among Black men, from the initiation of substance use through SUD-related outcomes. This narrative review provides insight into some of these factors, including the individual, interpersonal, and community-level risk and protective factors (e.g., family and social roles, religiosity, racism and discrimination, exposure to trauma and adversity) underlying relative risk for substance use and disparities in SUD-related outcomes. This article also highlights the ways that public attitudes and policies related to substance use have contributed to ongoing inequities in SUD treatment access for Black men. Recommendations for clinical research and practice include increasing focus on measurement equivalence, creating pathways for access to community-based and specialty treatment, and providing services that are culturally affirming, relevant, and appropriate. Comprehensive efforts are needed to reduce SUD-related inequities and promote positive well-being among Black men and their communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria G Bauer
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies and the Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Jahnayah Bellot
- Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Carolyn Bazan
- School of Health Professions, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Ayanna Gilmore
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Kaan Kideys
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
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3
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Dogan-Dixon J, Thrasher SS, Thorpe S, Wheeler P, Stevens-Watkins D. The roles of vicarious trauma exposure and perceived social support in codeine syrup misuse among Black men living in prisons. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37794735 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.23093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Using General Strain Theory, this study investigates the effects of vicarious trauma exposure and perceived social support on nonmedical codeine syrup misuse among Black incarcerated men nearing community re-entry. Data were drawn from the Helping Incarcerated Men project, a study examining mental health, substance misuse, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk behaviors among Black men living in prisons who were within 180 days of release. A total of 200 Black men self-reported demographics (i.e., age and length of incarceration after age 18), vicarious trauma exposure (e.g., ever witnessing an assault with a weapon and a sudden accidental death), perceived social support, and nonmedical codeine syrup misuse. Findings from the logistic regression analysis showed witnessing an assault with a weapon and a sudden accidental death increased the likelihood of codeine syrup misuse. Perceived social support was not associated with codeine syrup misuse. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jardin Dogan-Dixon
- Department of Educational School and Counseling Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Shemeka Thorpe
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Paris Wheeler
- Department of Educational School and Counseling Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Danelle Stevens-Watkins
- Department of Educational School and Counseling Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Werb D, Scheim AI, Soipe A, Aeby S, Rammohan I, Fischer B, Hadland SE, Marshall BDL. Health harms of non-medical prescription opioid use: A systematic review. Drug Alcohol Rev 2022; 41:941-952. [PMID: 35437841 PMCID: PMC9064965 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
ISSUES Non-medical prescription opioid use (NMPOU) contributes substantially to the global burden of morbidity. However, no systematic assessment of the scientific literature on the associations between NMPOU and health outcomes has yet been undertaken. APPROACH We undertook a systematic review evaluating health outcomes related to NMPOU based on ICD-10 clinical domains. We searched 13 electronic databases for original research articles until 1 July 2021. We employed an adaptation of the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine 'Levels of Evidence' scale to assess study quality. KEY FINDINGS Overall, 182 studies were included. The evidence base was largest on the association between NMPOU and mental and behavioural disorders; 71% (129) studies reported on these outcomes. Less evidence exists on the association of NMPOU with infectious disease outcomes (26; 14%), and on external causes of morbidity and mortality, with 13 (7%) studies assessing its association with intentional self-harm and 1 study assessing its association with assault (<1%). IMPLICATIONS A large body of evidence has identified associations between NMPOU and opioid use disorder as well as on fatal and non-fatal overdose. We found equivocal evidence on the association between NMPOU and the acquisition of HIV, hepatitis C and other infectious diseases. We identified weak evidence regarding the potential association between NMPOU and intentional self-harm, suicidal ideation and assault. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Findings may inform the prevention of harms associated with NMPOU, although higher-quality research is needed to characterise the association between NMPOU and the full spectrum of physical and mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Werb
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA.,Centre on Drug Policy Evaluation, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ayden I Scheim
- Centre on Drug Policy Evaluation, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ayorinde Soipe
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, State University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Samantha Aeby
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Indhu Rammohan
- Centre on Drug Policy Evaluation, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Benedikt Fischer
- Schools of Population Health and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Centre for Applied Research in Mental Health and Addiction, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Scott E Hadland
- Grayken Center for Addiction and Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, USA.,Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Brandon D L Marshall
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, USA
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Nicholson HL, Wheeler PB, Smith NC, Alawode OA. Examining the Relationship between Discrimination and Prescription Drug Misuse: Findings from a National Survey of Black Americans. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:1014-1021. [PMID: 35395923 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2052096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Research shows that substance use may be a way individuals cope with psychosocial stressors. Less is known about whether discrimination contributes to prescription drug misuse. Methods: Using a national sample of Black Americans, we examined whether two psychosocial stressors (i.e., everyday and lifetime major discrimination) were associated with lifetime prescription drug misuse (i.e., opioids, tranquilizers, sedatives, or stimulants). Results: Our logistic regression models separately examining the influence of everyday and major discrimination controlling for relevant demographic, health, and other drug use variables showed that only everyday discrimination was associated with higher odds of prescription drug misuse. In the model simultaneously considering both types of discrimination, only unit increases in everyday discrimination were associated with higher odds of prescription drug misuse. Conclusions: Encounters with everyday discrimination may be an important psychosocial stressor linked to prescription drug misuse in Black adults and possibly other racial-ethnic minorities. Intervention strategies aiming to reduce prescription drug misuse should consider developing ways to curb the negative health-related consequences of discriminatory experiences. Strategies to combat discrimination-related prescription drug misuse and limitations of this study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey L Nicholson
- Department of Sociology and Criminology & Law, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Paris B Wheeler
- Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Nicholas C Smith
- Department of Sociology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Oluwatobi A Alawode
- Department of Sociology and Criminology & Law, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Jordan A, Mathis M, Haeny A, Funaro M, Paltin D, Ransome Y. An Evaluation of Opioid Use in Black Communities: A Rapid Review of the Literature. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2021; 29:108-130. [PMID: 33666395 PMCID: PMC8335706 DOI: 10.1097/hrp.0000000000000285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are multiple aspects of the opioid crisis among Black people, who have been left out of the broader conversation. Despite evidence of increased opioid overdose deaths, less is known about opioid use among Black people. This review synthesizes research on Black people who use opioids; the goals are to advance knowledge, highlight research gaps, and inform clinical practice. METHODS This rapid review investigating opioid use among Black people utilized systematic review methods and was conducted according to a predefined protocol with clear inclusion criteria (PROSPERO ID: 177071). A comprehensive search strategy was used, including published and gray-literature sources (i.e., literature that has not been formally published). A narrative summary of the results is presented. RESULTS A total of 76 works were selected for inclusion and full text review. Sex, age, geographic location, and involvement in the carceral system were associated with the use of opioids among Black individuals. Non-epidemiologic factors included treatment-seeking patterns, disparate clinician prescribing, and social determinants. CONCLUSIONS Through this rapid review we suggest three main areas of focus: (1) including culturally informed collection methods in epidemiologic surveys to accurately reflect prevalences, (2) funding research that specifically addresses the importance of culture in accessing treatment, and (3) directly studying how social determinants can improve or exacerbate health outcomes. Focusing on the unique needs of Black people who use opioids is warranted to increase treatment initiation and adherence among a population less likely to engage with the traditional health care system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayana Jordan
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Myra Mathis
- University of Rochester, Department of Psychiatry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Angela Haeny
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Prevention and Community Research, and The Consultation Center 389 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Melissa Funaro
- Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8014
| | - Dafna Paltin
- Yale University, Department of Psychiatry, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Yusuf Ransome
- Yale School of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Studies of Religion Ethnicity Technology and Contextual Influences on Health (STRETCH)-Lab, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06510
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Nicholson HL, Wheeler PB. Prescription Drug Misuse among African Americans and Afro Caribbeans: Results from the National Survey of American Life. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:962-970. [PMID: 33769198 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1901928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The misuse of prescription medications is an understudied topic among the non-Hispanic Black population in the U.S. Even less is known about the prevalence and correlates of misuse among African Americans and Afro-Caribbeans, despite documented differences in their substance use behaviors. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the prevalence and correlates of lifetime prescription drug misuse among African Americans and Afro Caribbeans using data from the National Survey of American Life. METHODS A national household probability sample of non-institutionalized African Americans and Afro Caribbeans from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys was used. Pooled and ethnicity-stratified logistic regressions were estimated. RESULTS Findings showed no significant differences between African Americans (6.36%) and Afro-Caribbeans (5.71%) in lifetime prescription drug misuse. Several correlates were found to be associated with misuse among only African American or Afro-Caribbean respondents. CONCLUSIONS While research has shown prescription drug misuse is an issue among Blacks overall, our results show that the role of ethnicity must not be overlooked, especially when tailoring prevention and intervention programs. Limitations of this study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey L Nicholson
- Department of Sociology and Criminology & Law, University of Florida, Florida, USA
| | - Paris B Wheeler
- Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Cox S, Moss AC, Ritter A. Editorial for special issue: Vulnerable groups: Addiction research, policy and practice. Addict Behav 2020; 104:106266. [PMID: 32029337 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Cox
- Centre for Addictive Behaviours Research, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK
| | - Antony C Moss
- Centre for Addictive Behaviours Research, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK
| | - Alison Ritter
- Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia
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