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Qiu Y, Zhao X, Liu J, Li Z, Wu M, Qiu L, Xiong Z, Wang X, Yang F. Understanding the relationship between smartphone distraction, social withdrawal, digital stress, and depression among college students: A cross-sectional study in Wuhan, China. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35465. [PMID: 39166051 PMCID: PMC11334876 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Smartphone distraction considerably affects the depression level of college students. These two variables are highly associated with social withdrawal and digital distress. However, the underlying mechanisms of how social withdrawal and digital stress were involved in the relationship between smartphone distraction and depression remain unclear. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in seven colleges of Wuhan, Hubei Province, from September to November 2021. Participants were selected using convenience sampling. Smartphone distraction, social withdrawal, digital stress, and depression level were assessed using the Smartphone Distraction Scale (SDS), 25-item Hikikomori Questionnaire (HQ-25), Multidimensional Digital Stress Scale (DSS), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), respectively. All scales demonstrated good reliability in this study, the reliability of each scale was 0.920, 0.884, 0.959, and 0.942. Results The final analysis included 1184 students (692 males and 492 females), aged between 17 and 37 years. Participants were from various academic disciplines, including medical and non-medical. The findings revealed that smartphone distraction had a significant direct effect on depression (c = 0.073, 95 % CI: 0.037 to 0.108, p < 0.001) and three significant indirect mediation effects: (1) social withdrawal (B = 0.083, 95 % CI: 0.066 to 0.101, p < 0.001), accounting for 27.76 % of the total effect; (2) digital stress (B = 0.109, 95 % CI: 0.088 to 0.132, p < 0.001), accounting for 36.45 % of the total effect; and (3) the chain mediating roles of social withdrawal and digital stress (B = 0.034, 95 % CI: 0.026 to 0.043, p < 0.001), accounting for 11.37 % of the total effect. The total mediating effect was 75.59 %. Limitations This study is based on cross-sectional data, which limits the causality inference. Conclusions These findings suggest that educational institutions should identify college students with excessive smartphone use early and provide timely interventions to minimize negative outcomes. It is also significant to reduce the risk of social withdrawal and digital stress to maintain the physical and mental health development of college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Qiu
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Xueyang Zhao
- Ningbo Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Man Wu
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Lixin Qiu
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Zhenfang Xiong
- School of Nursing and Health Management, Wuhan Donghu University, Wuhan, 430212, China
| | - Xiaopan Wang
- School of Nursing and Health Management, Wuhan Donghu University, Wuhan, 430212, China
- Department of Nursing, Hubei Provincial Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Wuhan, 430015, China
| | - Fen Yang
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
- Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan, 430065, China
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Aslan IH, Dorey L, Grant JE, Chamberlain SR. Emotion regulation across psychiatric disorders. CNS Spectr 2024; 29:215-220. [PMID: 38695189 PMCID: PMC7615973 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852924000270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Difficulties with emotion regulation have been associated with multiple psychiatric conditions. In this study, we aimed to investigate emotional regulation difficulties in young adults who gamble at least occasionally (ie, an enriched sample), and diagnosed with a range of psychiatric disorders using the validated Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). METHODS A total of 543 non-treatment-seeking individuals who had engaged in gambling activities on at least 5 occasions within the previous year, aged 18-29 were recruited from general community settings. Diagnostic assessments included the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Inventory, Minnesota Impulsive Disorders Interview, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder World Health Organization Screening Tool Part A, and the Structured Clinical Interview for Gambling Disorder. Emotional dysregulation was evaluated using DERS. The profile of emotional dysregulation across disorders was characterized using Z-scores (those with the index disorder vs. those without the index disorder). RESULTS Individuals with probable ADHD displayed the highest level of difficulties in emotional regulation, followed by intermittent explosive disorder, social phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder. In contrast, participants diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder showed relatively lower levels of difficulties with emotional regulation. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the importance of recognizing emotional dysregulation as a trans-diagnostic phenomenon across psychiatric disorders. The results also reveal differing levels of emotional dysregulation across diagnoses, with potential implications for tailored treatment approaches. Despite limitations such as small sample sizes for certain disorders and limited age range, this study contributes to a broader understanding of emotional regulation's role in psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim H. Aslan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Lucy Dorey
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jon E. Grant
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Samuel R. Chamberlain
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
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Flack M, Burton WH, Caudwell KM. I rely on a little help from my friends: the effect of interpersonal and intrapersonal emotion regulation on the relationship between FOMO and problematic internet use. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:384. [PMID: 38783275 PMCID: PMC11119391 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05834-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the role of emotion regulation in relation to the links between fear of missing out (i.e., FOMO) and two components of problematic internet use: problematic social media use and doomscrolling. METHODS Participants (N = 603, Mage = 30.41, SDage = 7.64; 49.1% male-identifying) completed measures of fear of missing out, intrapersonal and interpersonal emotion regulation, and problematic social media use, and doomscrolling. A parallel mediation model was tested to examine the nature of the associations between fear of missing out, intrapersonal, and interpersonal emotion regulation, in accounting for variance in the outcome measures. RESULTS Analyses revealed that the effect of fear of missing out on problematic social media use was fully mediated by both intrapersonal and interpersonal emotion regulation. In contrast, the effect on doomscrolling was fully mediated by intrapersonal emotion regulation only. CONCLUSIONS Findings clarify the role of emotion regulation in explaining the relationship between fear of missing out and two types of problematic internet use, indicating a need to consider individual differences in emotion regulation in an evolving social media landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mal Flack
- Researchers in Behavioural Addictions, Alcohol and Drugs, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Brinkin, NT, Australia
- Discipline of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Brinkin, NT, Australia
| | - William H Burton
- Discipline of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Brinkin, NT, Australia
| | - Kim M Caudwell
- Researchers in Behavioural Addictions, Alcohol and Drugs, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Brinkin, NT, Australia.
- Discipline of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Brinkin, NT, Australia.
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Peyron E, Franck N, Labaume L, Rolland B. [The psychosocial rehabilitation in addiction medicine]. L'ENCEPHALE 2024; 50:91-98. [PMID: 37718195 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Addictive behaviors constitute complex behaviors that are usually related to social habits, such as substance use, gambling or gaming activities, or sexual or physical activity. They progressively overrun and stifle the routine habits of the concerned individuals, for example within their occupational or family spheres of life, as well as in their hobbies or in their main physiological functions, such as sleep or eating cycles. The rehabilitation approach of care integrates the objective of restoring the altered habits and functional rhythms, to optimize the clinical outcomes and improve quality of life of the concerned persons. METHODS Using a focused and narrative literature review, we aimed to explain what psychosocial rehabilitation consists in, and why this approach is particularly relevant for the addiction care, although to date it has remained insufficiently developed in the routine practice of many facilities. RESULTS The "rehab" approach, is first based on a structured and comprehensive assessment of the clinical and functional aspects of the patient, which secondarily allows to frame an individualized project of care that is closely built together with the patient. This project of care can integrate classical pharmacotherapeutic and psychotherapeutic tools, but it also emphasizes wider approaches for restoring some basic social and physiological functions of the concerned person, such as sleep, eating, social functioning, physical activity, or spiritual needs. Priorities among these different dimensions have to be defined by the concerned person. CONCLUSIONS The "rehab" approach is particularly relevant in addiction medicine. It represents a more global conception of care that conceives the recovery of social and physiological functioning as a core treatment objective for the concerned persons. The consequences for care organization are that many additional professionals should be integrated into the treatment schemes for addiction, including peer counselors, occupational therapists, physical activity coaches, or dieticians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Peyron
- Service universitaire d'addictologie de Lyon (SUAL), hospices civils de Lyon, CH Le Vinatier, 95, boulevard Pinel, 69500 Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Franck
- Centre ressource de réhabilitation psychosociale et de remédiation cognitive, pôle centre rive gauche, hôpital Le Vinatier, UMR 5229, CNRS & Claude-Bernard university Lyon 1, université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Benjamin Rolland
- Service universitaire d'addictologie de Lyon (SUAL), hospices civils de Lyon, CH Le Vinatier, 95, boulevard Pinel, 69500 Lyon, France; PSYR2, CRNL, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Inserm, UCBL1, Lyon, France.
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Babiker A, Almourad MB, Panourgia C, Alshakhsi S, Montag C, Ali R. Need for Affect, Problematic Social Media Use and the Mediating Role of Fear of Missing Out in European and Arab Samples. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:5025-5039. [PMID: 38116587 PMCID: PMC10728306 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s435437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The growing awareness and concern about the excessive use of social media have led to an increasing number of studies investigating the underlying factors contributing to this behavior. In the literature, it is discussed that problematic social media use (PSMU) can impact individuals' mental health and well-being. Drawing on the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model, this study aimed to examine the association between the need for affect (affect approach and affect avoidance) and PSMU (operationalized via the social media disorder scale), as well as the mediating role of fear of missing out (FoMO) in that relation. Participants and Methods Data were collected via an online survey from 513 participants in European and Arabic countries. Regression and mediation analyses were conducted to explore the relationships between affect approach, affect avoidance, FoMO, and PSMU. Results Regression analysis results indicated that both affect approach and affect avoidance as part of the need for affect construct significantly predicted PSMU in both cultural contexts. Mediation analysis showed that FoMO partially mediated the relationship between affect approach and PSMU in the Arab sample but not in the European sample. Beyond this, FoMO partially mediated the relationship between affect avoidance and PSMU in both cultural samples. Conclusion The present study indicates that managing emotions could be an effective strategy to combat PSMU. In line with this and against the background of the data business model behind social media companies, we deem it to be of importance to minimize triggers related to FoMO in the design of social media platforms (for example, push notifications). This might be particularly relevant for individuals with a high inclination towards affect approach and affect avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej Babiker
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Sameha Alshakhsi
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Christian Montag
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Raian Ali
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
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Mascia ML, Agus M, Tomczyk Ł, Bonfiglio NS, Bellini D, Penna MP. Smartphone Distraction: Italian Validation of the Smartphone Distraction Scale (SDS). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6509. [PMID: 37569049 PMCID: PMC10418316 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20156509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to validate the use of the Smartphone Distraction Scale (SDS) in Italy. The SDS was devised to assess distraction related to smartphone use in adult populations. A cross-sectional study was conducted among n = 609 adults (females = 76.4%; mean age = 30.26; SD age = 9.90). An assessment of the factorial structure of the Italian version was carried out using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The four factors identified by Throuvala and colleagues were confirmed (i.e., attention impulsiveness, online vigilance, multitasking and emotion regulation). Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.703-0.889). The scale's scores showed significant linear correlations with validated instruments, including the Mobile Phone Problematic Use Scale (MPPUS)and the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ). A multivariate analysis of variance showed significant differences in the means among participants belonging to different age groups (born before 1995 vs. born after 1996). In summary, the good psychometric properties observed led us to assume that this instrument can be applied and used in Italian studies to assess the cognitive dimension of distraction related to the use of smartphones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lidia Mascia
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (M.A.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Mirian Agus
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (M.A.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Łukasz Tomczyk
- Institute of Education, Faculty of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Natale Salvatore Bonfiglio
- Unit of Statistics, IRCCS, Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli of Brescia, 25125 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Diego Bellini
- Department of Political and Social Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Maria Pietronilla Penna
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (M.A.); (M.P.P.)
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