1
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DeStefano S, Hartigan DR, Josyula A, Faust M, Fertil D, Lokwani R, Ngo TB, Sadtler K. Conserved and tissue-specific immune responses to biologic scaffold implantation. Acta Biomater 2024; 184:68-80. [PMID: 38879103 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Upon implantation into a patient, any biomaterial induces a cascade of immune responses that influences the outcome of that device. This cascade depends upon several factors, including the composition of the material itself and the location in which the material is implanted. There is still significant uncertainty around the role of different tissue microenvironments in the immune response to biomaterials and how that may alter downstream scaffold remodeling and integration. In this study, we present a study evaluating the immune response to decellularized extracellular matrix materials within the intraperitoneal cavity, the subcutaneous space, and in a traumatic skeletal muscle injury microenvironment. All different locations induced robust cellular recruitment, specifically of macrophages and eosinophils. The latter was most prominent in the subcutaneous space. Intraperitoneal implants uniquely recruited B cells that may alter downstream reactivity as adaptive immunity has been strongly implicated in the outcome of scaffold remodeling. These data suggest that the location of tissue implants should be taken together with the composition of the material itself when designing devices for downline therapeutics. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Different tissue locations have unique immune microenvironments, which can influence the immune response to biomaterial implants. By considering the specific immune profiles of the target tissue, researchers can develop implant materials that promote better integration, reduce complications, and improve the overall outcome of the implantation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina DeStefano
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Devon R Hartigan
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Aditya Josyula
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mondreakest Faust
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daphna Fertil
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ravi Lokwani
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tran B Ngo
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Sadtler
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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2
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DeStefano S, Fertil D, Faust M, Sadtler K. Basic immunologic study as a foundation for engineered therapeutic development. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2024; 12:e1168. [PMID: 38894611 PMCID: PMC11187943 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioengineering and drug delivery technologies play an important role in bridging the gap between basic scientific discovery and clinical application of therapeutics. To identify the optimal treatment, the most critical stage is to diagnose the problem. Often these two may occur simultaneously or in parallel, but in this review, we focus on bottom-up approaches in understanding basic immunologic phenomena to develop targeted therapeutics. This can be observed in several fields; here, we will focus on one of the original immunotherapy targets-cancer-and one of the more recent targets-regenerative medicine. By understanding how our immune system responds in processes such as malignancies, wound healing, and medical device implantation, we can isolate therapeutic targets for pharmacologic and bioengineered interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina DeStefano
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and BioengineeringNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Daphna Fertil
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and BioengineeringNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Mondreakest Faust
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and BioengineeringNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Kaitlyn Sadtler
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and BioengineeringNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
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3
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Fathi P, Karkanitsa M, Rupert A, Lin A, Darrah J, Thomas FD, Lai J, Babu K, Neavyn M, Kozar R, Griggs C, Cunningham KW, Schulman CI, Crandall M, Sereti I, Ricotta E, Sadtler K. Development of a predictive algorithm for patient survival after traumatic injury using a five analyte blood panel. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.04.22.24306188. [PMID: 38903094 PMCID: PMC11188118 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.22.24306188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Severe trauma can induce systemic inflammation but also immunosuppression, which makes understanding the immune response of trauma patients critical for therapeutic development and treatment approaches. By evaluating the levels of 59 proteins in the plasma of 50 healthy volunteers and 1000 trauma patients across five trauma centers in the United States, we identified 6 novel changes in immune proteins after traumatic injury and further new variations by sex, age, trauma type, comorbidities, and developed a new equation for prediction of patient survival. Blood was collected at the time of arrival at Level 1 trauma centers and patients were stratified based on trauma level, tissues injured, and injury types. Trauma patients had significantly upregulated proteins associated with immune activation (IL-23, MIP-5), immunosuppression (IL-10) and pleiotropic cytokines (IL-29, IL-6). A high ratio of IL-29 to IL-10 was identified as a new predictor of survival in less severe patients with ROC area of 0.933. Combining machine learning with statistical modeling we developed an equation ("VIPER") that could predict survival with ROC 0.966 in less severe patients and 0.8873 for all patients from a five analyte panel (IL-6, VEGF-A, IL-21, IL-29, and IL-10). Furthermore, we also identified three increased proteins (MIF, TRAIL, IL-29) and three decreased proteins (IL-7, TPO, IL-8) that were the most important in distinguishing a trauma blood profile. Biologic sex altered phenotype with IL-8 and MIF being lower in healthy women, but higher in female trauma patients when compared to male counterparts. This work identifies new responses to injury that may influence systemic immune dysfunction, serving as targets for therapeutics and immediate clinical benefit in identifying at-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Fathi
- Section on Immunoengineering, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology Acceleration, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892
- Unit for Nanoengineering and Microphysiologic Systems, NIBIB, NIH, Bethesda MD 20892
| | - Maria Karkanitsa
- Section on Immunoengineering, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology Acceleration, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Adam Rupert
- AIDS Monitoring Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick MD
| | - Aaron Lin
- Section on Immunoengineering, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology Acceleration, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892
- Unit for Nanoengineering and Microphysiologic Systems, NIBIB, NIH, Bethesda MD 20892
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Lai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA 01655
| | - Kavita Babu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA 01655
| | - Mark Neavyn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA 01655
| | - Rosemary Kozar
- Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21201
| | - Christopher Griggs
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Atrium Health’s Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte NC 28203
| | - Kyle W. Cunningham
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, Atrium Health’s Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte NC 28203
| | | | - Marie Crandall
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville FL 33209
| | - Irini Sereti
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH
| | - Emily Ricotta
- Epidemiology and Data Management Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
- Preventative Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda MD 20814
| | - Kaitlyn Sadtler
- Section on Immunoengineering, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology Acceleration, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892
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4
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Kamankesh M, Yadegar A, Llopis-Lorente A, Liu C, Haririan I, Aghdaei HA, Shokrgozar MA, Zali MR, Miri AH, Rad-Malekshahi M, Hamblin MR, Wacker MG. Future Nanotechnology-Based Strategies for Improved Management of Helicobacter pylori Infection. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2302532. [PMID: 37697021 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a recalcitrant pathogen, which can cause gastric disorders. During the past decades, polypharmacy-based regimens, such as triple and quadruple therapies have been widely used against H. pylori. However, polyantibiotic therapies can disturb the host gastric/gut microbiota and lead to antibiotic resistance. Thus, simpler but more effective approaches should be developed. Here, some recent advances in nanostructured drug delivery systems to treat H. pylori infection are summarized. Also, for the first time, a drug release paradigm is proposed to prevent H. pylori antibiotic resistance along with an IVIVC model in order to connect the drug release profile with a reduction in bacterial colony counts. Then, local delivery systems including mucoadhesive, mucopenetrating, and cytoadhesive nanobiomaterials are discussed in the battle against H. pylori infection. Afterward, engineered delivery platforms including polymer-coated nanoemulsions and polymer-coated nanoliposomes are poposed. These bioinspired platforms can contain an antimicrobial agent enclosed within smart multifunctional nanoformulations. These bioplatforms can prevent the development of antibiotic resistance, as well as specifically killing H. pylori with no or only slight negative effects on the host gastrointestinal microbiota. Finally, the essential checkpoints that should be passed to confirm the potential effectiveness of anti-H. pylori nanosystems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Kamankesh
- Polymer Chemistry Department, School of Science, University of Tehran, PO Box 14155-6455, Tehran, 14144-6455, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717411, Iran
| | - Antoni Llopis-Lorente
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Insituto de Salud Carlos III, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Chenguang Liu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P.R. China
| | - Ismaeil Haririan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717411, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717411, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Miri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | - Mazda Rad-Malekshahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Matthias G Wacker
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
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5
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Weiss AM, Lopez MA, Rawe BW, Manna S, Chen Q, Mulder EJ, Rowan SJ, Esser-Kahn AP. Understanding How Cationic Polymers' Properties Inform Toxic or Immunogenic Responses via Parametric Analysis. Macromolecules 2023; 56:7286-7299. [PMID: 37781211 PMCID: PMC10537447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Cationic polymers are widely used materials in diverse biotechnologies. Subtle variations in these polymers' properties can change them from exceptional delivery agents to toxic inflammatory hazards. Conventional screening strategies optimize for function in a specific application rather than observing how underlying polymer-cell interactions emerge from polymers' properties. An alternative approach is to map basic underlying responses, such as immunogenicity or toxicity, as a function of basic physicochemical parameters to inform the design of materials for a breadth of applications. To demonstrate the potential of this approach, we synthesized 107 polymers varied in charge, hydrophobicity, and molecular weight. We then screened this library for cytotoxic behavior and immunogenic responses to map how these physicochemical properties inform polymer-cell interactions. We identify three compositional regions of interest and use confocal microscopy to uncover the mechanisms behind the observed responses. Finally, immunogenic activity is confirmed in vivo. Highly cationic polymers disrupted the cellular plasma membrane to induce a toxic phenotype, while high molecular weight, hydrophobic polymers were uptaken by active transport to induce NLRP3 inflammasome activation, an immunogenic phenotype. Tertiary amine- and triethylene glycol-containing polymers did not invoke immunogenic or toxic responses. The framework described herein allows for the systematic characterization of new cationic materials with different physicochemical properties for applications ranging from drug and gene delivery to antimicrobial coatings and tissue scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M. Weiss
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 S Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Marcos A. Lopez
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 S Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Benjamin W. Rawe
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Saikat Manna
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Qing Chen
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Elizabeth J. Mulder
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Stuart J. Rowan
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 S Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Aaron P. Esser-Kahn
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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6
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DeStefano S, Josyula A, Faust M, Fertil D, Lokwani R, Ngo TB, Sadtler K. Conserved and tissue-specific immune responses to biologic scaffold implantation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.15.553390. [PMID: 37814705 PMCID: PMC10560402 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.15.553390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Upon implantation into a patient, any biomaterial induces a cascade of immune responses that influences the outcome of that device. This cascade depends upon several factors, including the composition of the material itself and the location in which the material is implanted. There is still significant uncertainty around the role of different tissue microenvironments in the immune response to biomaterials and how that may alter downstream scaffold remodeling and integration. In this study, we present a study evaluating the immune response to decellularized extracellular matrix materials within the intraperitoneal cavity, the subcutaneous space, and in a traumatic skeletal muscle injury microenvironment. All different locations induced robust cellular recruitment, specifically of macrophages and eosinophils. The latter was most prominent in the subcutaneous space. Intraperitoneal implants uniquely recruited B cells that may alter downstream reactivity as adaptive immunity has been strongly implicated in the outcome of scaffold remodeling. These data suggest that the location of tissue implants should be taken together with the composition of the material itself when designing devices for downline therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina DeStefano
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892
| | - Aditya Josyula
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892
| | - Mondreakest Faust
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892
| | - Daphna Fertil
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892
| | - Ravi Lokwani
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892
| | - Tran B. Ngo
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892
| | - Kaitlyn Sadtler
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892
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7
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Cao Y, Langer R, Ferrara N. Targeting angiogenesis in oncology, ophthalmology and beyond. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:476-495. [PMID: 37041221 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00671-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an essential process in normal development and in adult physiology, but can be disrupted in numerous diseases. The concept of targeting angiogenesis for treating diseases was proposed more than 50 years ago, and the first two drugs targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), bevacizumab and pegaptanib, were approved in 2004 for the treatment of cancer and neovascular ophthalmic diseases, respectively. Since then, nearly 20 years of clinical experience with anti-angiogenic drugs (AADs) have demonstrated the importance of this therapeutic modality for these disorders. However, there is a need to improve clinical outcomes by enhancing therapeutic efficacy, overcoming drug resistance, defining surrogate markers, combining with other drugs and developing the next generation of therapeutics. In this Review, we examine emerging new targets, the development of new drugs and challenging issues such as the mode of action of AADs and elucidating mechanisms underlying clinical benefits; we also discuss possible future directions of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Robert Langer
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Napoleone Ferrara
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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8
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Eswar K, Mukherjee S, Ganesan P, Kumar Rengan A. Immunomodulatory Natural Polysaccharides: An Overview of the Mechanisms Involved. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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9
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Street STG, Chrenek J, Harniman RL, Letwin K, Mantell JM, Borucu U, Willerth SM, Manners I. Length-Controlled Nanofiber Micelleplexes as Efficient Nucleic Acid Delivery Vehicles. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19799-19812. [PMID: 36260789 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Micelleplexes show great promise as effective polymeric delivery systems for nucleic acids. Although studies have shown that spherical micelleplexes can exhibit superior cellular transfection to polyplexes, to date there has been no report on the effects of micelleplex morphology on cellular transfection. In this work, we prepared precision, length-tunable poly(fluorenetrimethylenecarbonate)-b-poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PFTMC16-b-PDMAEMA131) nanofiber micelleplexes and compared their properties and transfection activity to those of the equivalent nanosphere micelleplexes and polyplexes. We studied the DNA complexation process in detail via a range of techniques including cryo-transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and ζ-potential measurements, thereby examining how nanofiber micelleplexes form, as well the key differences that exist compared to nanosphere micelleplexes and polyplexes in terms of DNA loading and colloidal stability. The effects of particle morphology and nanofiber length on the transfection and cell viability of U-87 MG glioblastoma cells with a luciferase plasmid were explored, revealing that short nanofiber micelleplexes (length < ca. 100 nm) were the most effective delivery vehicle examined, outperforming nanosphere micelleplexes, polyplexes, and longer nanofiber micelleplexes as well as the Lipofectamine 2000 control. This study highlights the potential importance of 1D micelleplex morphologies for achieving optimal transfection activity and provides a fundamental platform for the future development of more effective polymeric nucleic acid delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven T G Street
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.,Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada.,Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Josie Chrenek
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | | | - Keiran Letwin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Judith M Mantell
- Wolfson Bioimaging Facility, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, U.K
| | - Ufuk Borucu
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, U.K.,GW4 Facility for High-Resolution Electron Cryo-Microscopy, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TQ, U.K
| | - Stephanie M Willerth
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada.,Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
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10
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Weiss AM, Hossainy S, Rowan SJ, Hubbell JA, Esser-Kahn AP. Immunostimulatory Polymers as Adjuvants, Immunotherapies, and Delivery Systems. Macromolecules 2022; 55:6913-6937. [PMID: 36034324 PMCID: PMC9404695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Activating innate immunity in a controlled manner is
necessary
for the development of next-generation therapeutics. Adjuvants, or
molecules that modulate the immune response, are critical components
of vaccines and immunotherapies. While small molecules and biologics
dominate the adjuvant market, emerging evidence supports the use of
immunostimulatory polymers in therapeutics. Such polymers can stabilize
and deliver cargo while stimulating the immune system by functioning
as pattern recognition receptor (PRR) agonists. At the same time,
in designing polymers that engage the immune system, it is important
to consider any unintended initiation of an immune response that results
in adverse immune-related events. Here, we highlight biologically
derived and synthetic polymer scaffolds, as well as polymer–adjuvant
systems and stimuli-responsive polymers loaded with adjuvants, that
can invoke an immune response. We present synthetic considerations
for the design of such immunostimulatory polymers, outline methods
to target their delivery, and discuss their application in therapeutics.
Finally, we conclude with our opinions on the design of next-generation
immunostimulatory polymers, new applications of immunostimulatory
polymers, and the development of improved preclinical immunocompatibility
tests for new polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M. Weiss
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago 5640 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago 5735 S Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Samir Hossainy
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago 5640 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Stuart J. Rowan
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago 5640 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago 5735 S Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Hubbell
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago 5640 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Aaron P. Esser-Kahn
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago 5640 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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11
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Cross-linking polymerization of beta-cyclodextrin with acrylic monomers; characterization and study of drug carrier properties. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04130-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Roth GA, Picece VCTM, Ou BS, Luo W, Pulendran B, Appel EA. Designing spatial and temporal control of vaccine responses. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2022; 7:174-195. [PMID: 34603749 PMCID: PMC8477997 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-021-00372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are the key technology to combat existing and emerging infectious diseases. However, increasing the potency, quality and durability of the vaccine response remains a challenge. As our knowledge of the immune system deepens, it becomes clear that vaccine components must be in the right place at the right time to orchestrate a potent and durable response. Material platforms, such as nanoparticles, hydrogels and microneedles, can be engineered to spatially and temporally control the interactions of vaccine components with immune cells. Materials-based vaccination strategies can augment the immune response by improving innate immune cell activation, creating local inflammatory niches, targeting lymph node delivery and controlling the time frame of vaccine delivery, with the goal of inducing enhanced memory immunity to protect against future infections. In this Review, we highlight the biological mechanisms underlying strong humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and explore materials design strategies to manipulate and control these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillie A. Roth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Vittoria C. T. M. Picece
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ben S. Ou
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Wei Luo
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation & Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation & Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Eric A. Appel
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
- Department of Paediatrics — Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
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Zafar A, Hasan M, Tariq T, Dai Z. Enhancing Cancer Immunotherapeutic Efficacy with Sonotheranostic Strategies. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 33:1011-1034. [PMID: 34793138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized the modality for establishing a firm immune response and immunological memory. However, intrinsic limitations of conventional low responsive poor T cell infiltration and immune related adverse effects urge the coupling of cancer nanomedicines with immunotherapy for boosting antitumor response under ultrasound (US) sensitization to mimic dose-limiting toxicities for safe and effective therapy against advanced cancer. US is composed of high-frequency sound waves that mediate targeted spatiotemporal control over release and internalization of the drug. The unconventional US triggered immunogenic nanoengineered arena assists the limited immunogenic dose, limiting toxicities and efficacies. In this Review, we discuss current prospects of enhanced immunotherapy using nanomedicine under US. We highlight how nanotechnology designs and incorporates nanomedicines for the reprogramming of systematic immunity in the tumor microenvironment. We also emphasize the mechanical and biological potential of US, encompassing sonosensitizer activation for enhanced immunotherapeutic efficacies. Finally, the smartly converging combinational platform of US stimulated cancer nanomedicines for amending immunotherapy is summarized. This Review will widen scientists' ability to explore and understand the limiting factors for combating cancer in a precisely customized way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Zafar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Murtaza Hasan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Tuba Tariq
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Zhifei Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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T lymphocytes as critical mediators in tissue regeneration, fibrosis, and the foreign body response. Acta Biomater 2021; 133:17-33. [PMID: 33905946 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Research on the foreign body response (FBR) to biomaterial implants has been focused on the roles that the innate immune system has on mediating tolerance or rejection of implants. However, the immune system also involves the adaptive immune response and it must be included in order to form a complete picture of the response to biomaterials and medical implants. In this review, we explore recent understanding about the roles of adaptive immune cells, specifically T cells, in modulating the immune response to biomaterial implants. The immune response to implants elicits a delicate balance between tissue repair and fibrosis that is mainly regulated by three types of T helper cell responses -T helper type 1, T helper type 2, and T helper type 17- and their crosstalk with innate immune cells. Interestingly, many T cell response mechanisms to implants overlap with the process of fibrosis or repair in different tissues. This review explores the fibrotic and regenerative T cell biology and draws parallels to T cell responses to biomaterials. Additionally, we also explore the biomedical engineering advancements in biomaterial applications in designing particle and scaffold systems to modulate T cell activity for therapeutics and devices. Not only do the deliberate engineering design of physical and chemical material properties and the direct genetic modulation of T cells not only offer insights to T cell biology, but they also present different platforms to develop immunomodulatory biomaterials. Thus, an in-depth understanding of T cells' roles can help to navigate the biomaterial-immune interactions and reconsider the long-lasting adaptive immune response to implants, which, in the end, contribute to the design of immunomodulatory medical implants that can advance the next generation of regenerative therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This review article integrates knowledge of adaptive immune responses in tissue damage, wound healing, and medical device implantation. These three fields, often not discussed in conjunction, are important to consider when evaluating and designing biomaterials. Through incorporation of basic biological research alongside engineering research, we provide an important lens through which to evaluate adaptive immune contributions to regenerative medicine and medical device development.
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15
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Soni SS, Rodell CB. Polymeric materials for immune engineering: Molecular interaction to biomaterial design. Acta Biomater 2021; 133:139-152. [PMID: 33484909 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials continue to evolve as complex engineered tools for interactively instructing biological systems, aiding in the understanding and treatment of various disease states through intimate biological interaction. The immune response to polymeric materials is a critical area of study, as it governs the body's response to biomaterial implants, drug delivery vehicles, and even therapeutic drug formulations. Importantly, the development of the immune response to polymeric biomaterials spans length scales - from single molecular interactions to the complex sensing of bulk biophysical properties, all of which coordinate a tissue- and systems-level response. In this review, we specifically discuss a bottom-up approach to designing biomaterials that use molecular-scale interactions to drive immune response to polymers and discuss how these interactions can be leveraged for biomaterial design. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The immune system is an integral controller of (patho)physiological processes, affecting nearly all aspects of human health and disease. Polymeric biomaterials, whether biologically derived or synthetically produced, can potentially alter the behavior of immune cells due to their molecular-scale interaction with individual cells, as well as their interpretation at the bulk scale. This article reviews common mechanisms by which immune cells interact with polymers at the molecular level and discusses how these interactions are being leveraged to produce the next generation of biocompatible and immunomodulatory materials.
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