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Sapir E, Pfeffer R, Wygoda M, Purim O, Levy A, Corn B, Amitay Y, Ohana P, Gabizon A. Pegylated Liposomal Mitomycin C Lipidic Prodrug in Combination With External Beam Radiation Therapy in Patients With Advanced Cancer: A Phase 1B Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:64-73. [PMID: 36933845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate a formulation of pegylated liposomal mitomycin C lipidic prodrug (PL-MLP) in patients concomitantly undergoing external beam radiation therapy (RT). METHODS AND MATERIALS Patients with metastatic disease or inoperable primary solid tumors requiring RT for disease control or symptom relief were treated with 2 courses of PL-MLP (1.25, 1.5, or 1.8 mg/kg) at 21-day intervals, along with 10 fractions of conventional RT or 5 stereotactic body RT fractions initiated 1 to 3 days after the first PL-MLP dose and completed within 2 weeks. Treatment safety was monitored for 6 weeks, and disease status was re-evaluated at 6-week intervals thereafter. MLP levels were analyzed 1 hour and 24 hours after each PL-MLP infusion. RESULTS Overall, 19 patients with metastatic (18) or inoperable (1) disease received combination treatment, with 18 completing the full protocol. Most patients (16) had diagnoses of advanced gastrointestinal tract cancer. One grade 4 neutropenia event possibly related to study treatment was reported; other adverse events were mild or moderate. Of the 18 evaluable patients, 16 were free of RT target lesion progression at first re-evaluation. Median survival of the entire patient population was 63.3 weeks. Serum MLP level correlated with dose increases and similar long circulating profiles were observed before and after RT. CONCLUSIONS PL-MLP up to 1.8 mg/kg in combination with RT treatment is safe, with a high rate of tumor control. Drug clearance is not affected by radiation. PL-MLP is potentially an attractive option for chemoradiation therapy that warrants further evaluation in randomized studies in the palliative and curative settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Sapir
- Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Radiotherapy Institute, Ashdod, Israel
| | - Raphael Pfeffer
- Assuta Medical Center, Radiotherapy Institute, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marc Wygoda
- Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Radiotherapy Institute, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofer Purim
- Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Radiotherapy Institute, Ashdod, Israel
| | - Adi Levy
- Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Radiotherapy Institute, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Benjamin Corn
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Oncology Institute, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | - Alberto Gabizon
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Oncology Institute, Jerusalem, Israel; Lipomedix Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Sadri M, Najafi A, Rahimi A, Behranvand N, Hossein Kazemi M, Khorramdelazad H, Falak R. Hypoxia effects on oncolytic virotherapy in Cancer: Friend or Foe? Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110470. [PMID: 37433246 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have tried to find novel strategies for cancer treatment in the past decades. Among the utilized methods, administering oncolytic viruses (OVs) alone or combined with other anticancer therapeutic approaches has had promising outcomes, especially in solid tumors. Infecting the tumor cells by these viruses can lead to direct lysis or induction of immune responses. However, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) is considered a significant challenge for oncolytic virotherapy in treating cancer. Based on OV type, hypoxic conditions in the TME can accelerate or repress virus replication. Therefore, genetic manipulation of OVs or other molecular modifications to reduce hypoxia can induce antitumor responses. Moreover, using OVs with tumor lysis capability in the hypoxic TME may be an attractive strategy to overcome the limitations of the therapy. This review summarizes the latest information available in the field of cancer virotherapy and discusses the dual effect of hypoxia on different types of OVs to optimize available related therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sadri
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Najafi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Rahimi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Behranvand
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Kazemi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Reza Falak
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Moholkar DN, Kandimalla R, Gupta RC, Aqil F. Advances in lipid-based carriers for cancer therapeutics: Liposomes, exosomes and hybrid exosomes. Cancer Lett 2023; 565:216220. [PMID: 37209944 PMCID: PMC10325927 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has recently surpassed heart disease as the leading cause of deaths worldwide for the age group 45-65 and has been the primary focus for biomedical researchers. Presently, the drugs involved in the first-line cancer therapy are raising concerns due to high toxicity and lack of selectivity to cancer cells. There has been a significant increase in research with innovative nano formulations to entrap the therapeutic payload to enhance efficacy and eliminate or minimize toxic effects. Lipid-based carriers stand out due to their unique structural properties and biocompatible nature. The two main leaders of lipid-based drug carriers: long known liposomes and comparatively new exosomes have been well-researched. The similarity between the two lipid-based carriers is the vesicular structure with the core's capability to carry the payload. While liposomes utilize chemically derived and altered phospholipid components, the exosomes are naturally occurring vesicles with inherent lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. More recently, researchers have focused on developing hybrid exosomes by fusing liposomes and exosomes. Combining these two types of vesicles may offer some advantages such as high drug loading, targeted cellular uptake, biocompatibility, controlled release, stability in harsh conditions and low immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disha N Moholkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Raghuram Kandimalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Ramesh C Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Farrukh Aqil
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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Chang R, Fu R, Huang Y, Zhang J, Feng C, Wang R, Yan H, Li G, Chu X, Yuan F, Jia D, Li J. Codelivery of TRAIL and Mitomycin C via Liposomes Shows Improved Antitumor Effect on TRAIL-Resistant Tumors. Mol Pharm 2023. [PMID: 37134184 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Although tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) constitutes a promising antitumor drug, tumor resistance to TRAIL has become a major obstacle in its clinical application. Mitomycin C (MMC) is an effective TRAIL-resistant tumor sensitizer, which indicates a potential utility of combination therapy. However, the efficacy of this combination therapy is limited owing to its short half-life and the cumulative toxicity of MMC. To address these issues, we successfully developed a multifunctional liposome (MTLPs) with human TRAIL protein on the surface and MMC encapsulated in the internal aqueous phase to codeliver TRAIL and MMC. MTLPs are uniform spherical particles that exhibit efficient cellular uptake by HT-29 TRAIL-resistant tumor cells, thereby inducing a stronger killing effect compared with control groups. In vivo assays revealed that MTLPs efficiently accumulated in tumors and safely achieved 97.8% tumor suppression via the synergistic effect of TRAIL and MMC in an HT-29 tumor xenograft model while ensuring biosafety. These results suggest that the liposomal codelivery of TRAIL and MMC provides a novel approach to overcome TRAIL-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chang
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Design, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Rongrong Fu
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Design, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Yujiao Huang
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Design, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jibing Zhang
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Design, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Changshun Feng
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Design, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Design, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Design, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Guangyong Li
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Design, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Xiaohong Chu
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Design, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Fengjiao Yuan
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Medicine Research, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Dianlong Jia
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Design, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Jun Li
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Design, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
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Lopez-Mendez TB, Strippoli R, Trionfetti F, Calvo P, Cordani M, Gonzalez-Valdivieso J. Clinical Trials Involving Chemotherapy-Based Nanocarriers in Cancer Therapy: State of the Art and Future Directions. Cancer Nanotechnol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-17831-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Altaani B, Haddad R, Al-Tarakji A, Alrabadi N. Hydrolysis kinetics of the prodrug myristyl nicotinate. Pharm Dev Technol 2022; 27:1083-1092. [PMID: 36440492 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2152460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Myristyl nicotinate is a prodrug of nicotinic acid. In this research, the kinetics of hydrolysis for myristyl nicotinate was studied in an aqueous phosphate buffer solution within a 5-10 pH range and constant ionic strength at a high temperature which was 80 °C to perform accelerated hydrolysis experiments. The effect of temperature, ionic strength, buffer concentrations, and buffer type was studied. The degradation was monitored using a validated HPLC method. The kinetics of hydrolysis of myristyl nicotinate was also studied in skin and liver homogenates. The hydrolysis was found to follow pseudo-first-order kinetics. The rate constant was calculated from the slope of a linear plot of Ln transformation (Ln) of the remaining parent prodrug concentration versus time. The hydrolysis was found pH- dependent, and a pH rate profile was constructed. Moreover, the hydrolysis rate of the prodrug was found to be buffer species dependent. Carbonate buffer has the most catalytic effect over borate and phosphate buffers. The effect of temperature on the kinetics of hydrolysis of myristyl nicotinate in phosphate buffer at pH 9 at 343, 348, 353, and 358°K was studied. The hydrolysis was found to follow the Arrhenius equation. From the Arrhenius plot, the half-life at 25 °C, and the activation energy were calculated and were found to be 466.5 days and 24.57 kcal mol-1, respectively. The hydrolysis of the prodrug was faster in liver and skin homogenates than those in aqueous buffer solutions. The pseudo-first-order rate constants were found to be 0.012, 0.028 min-1 for myristyl nicotinate in the liver, and skin homogenates, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashar Altaani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Razan Haddad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jadara University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Aliaa Al-Tarakji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nasr Alrabadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Prospects and Challenges of Electrospun Cell and Drug Delivery Vehicles to Correct Urethral Stricture. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810519. [PMID: 36142432 PMCID: PMC9502833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapeutic modalities to treat urethral strictures are associated with several challenges and shortcomings. Therefore, significant strides have been made to develop strategies with minimal side effects and the highest therapeutic potential. In this framework, electrospun scaffolds incorporated with various cells or bioactive agents have provided promising vistas to repair urethral defects. Due to the biomimetic nature of these constructs, they can efficiently mimic the native cells’ niches and provide essential microenvironmental cues for the safe transplantation of multiple cell types. Furthermore, these scaffolds are versatile platforms for delivering various drug molecules, growth factors, and nucleic acids. This review discusses the recent progress, applications, and challenges of electrospun scaffolds to deliver cells or bioactive agents during the urethral defect repair process. First, the current status of electrospinning in urethral tissue engineering is presented. Then, the principles of electrospinning in drug and cell delivery applications are reviewed. Finally, the recent preclinical studies are summarized and the current challenges are discussed.
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Ioele G, Chieffallo M, Occhiuzzi MA, De Luca M, Garofalo A, Ragno G, Grande F. Anticancer Drugs: Recent Strategies to Improve Stability Profile, Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175436. [PMID: 36080203 PMCID: PMC9457551 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In past decades, anticancer research has led to remarkable results despite many of the approved drugs still being characterized by high systemic toxicity mainly due to the lack of tumor selectivity and present pharmacokinetic drawbacks, including low water solubility, that negatively affect the drug circulation time and bioavailability. The stability studies, performed in mild conditions during their development or under stressing exposure to high temperature, hydrolytic medium or light source, have demonstrated the sensitivity of anticancer drugs to many parameters. For this reason, the formation of degradation products is assessed both in pharmaceutical formulations and in the environment as hospital waste. To date, numerous formulations have been developed for achieving tissue-specific drug targeting and reducing toxic side effects, as well as for improving drug stability. The development of prodrugs represents a promising strategy in targeted cancer therapy for improving the selectivity, efficacy and stability of active compounds. Recent studies show that the incorporation of anticancer drugs into vesicular systems, such as polymeric micelles or cyclodextrins, or the use of nanocarriers containing chemotherapeutics that conjugate to monoclonal antibodies can improve solubility, pharmacokinetics, cellular absorption and stability. In this study, we summarize the latest advances in knowledge regarding the development of effective highly stable anticancer drugs formulated as stable prodrugs or entrapped in nanosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fedora Grande
- Correspondence: (G.I.); (F.G.); Tel.: +39-0984-493268 (G.I.)
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Manzano M, Gabizón A, Vallet-Regí M. Characterization of a Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle Formulation Loaded with Mitomycin C Lipidic Prodrug (MLP) and In Vitro Comparison with a Clinical-Stage Liposomal Formulation of MLP. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071483. [PMID: 35890378 PMCID: PMC9323893 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicines have revolutionized the treatment of certain types of cancer, as is the case of doxil, liposomal formulation with doxorubicin encapsulated, in the treatment of certain types of ovarian cancer, AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma, and multiple myeloma. These nanomedicines can improve the performance of conventional chemotherapeutic treatments, with fewer side effects and better efficiency against cancer. Although liposomes have been used in some formulations, different nanocarriers with better features in terms of stability and adsorption capabilities are being explored. Among the available nanoparticles in the field, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNP) have attracted great attention as drug delivery platforms for the treatment of different diseases. Here, a novel formulation based on MSNP loaded with a potent antitumor prodrug that works in vitro as well as in a clinically evaluated liposomal formulation has been developed. This novel formulation shows excellent prodrug encapsulation efficiency and effective release of the anticancer drug only under certain stimuli typical of tumor environments. This behavior is of capital importance for translating this nanocarrier to the clinic in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Manzano
- Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Gabizón
- Oncology Institute and Nano-Oncology Research Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center Affiliated with the Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel;
| | - María Vallet-Regí
- Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Dorot S, Tankel J, Doviner V, Shmeeda H, Amitay Y, Ohana P, Dagan A, Ben-Haim M, Reissman P, Gabizon A. Ex-vivo activation of a liposomal prodrug of mitomycin C by human tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2022; 90:109-114. [PMID: 35802145 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-022-04451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the ex- vivo ability of explanted human tumors and normal tissue to activate liposomal mitomycin C lipidic prodrug (MLP) by releasing the active free drug form, mitomycin C (MMC). METHODS We tested conversion of MLP to MMC in an ex vivo assay using explanted tissues obtained during routine surgery to remove primary tumors or metastases. Tumor and adjacent normal tissue were obtained from freshly explanted tumors and were immediately deep frozen at - 70 °C. On test day, the fragments were thawed, homogenized and incubated in the presence of a fixed amount of liposomal MLP at 37 °C for 1 h. We measured MLP and its rate of conversion to MMC by HPLC. Controls included plasma, malignant effusions, red blood cells, tumor cell lines, mouse liver, and buffer with dithiothreitol, a potent reducing agent. RESULTS Most patients tested (16/20) were diagnosed with colo-rectal carcinoma. The average fraction of MLP cleaved per 100-mg tumor tissue (21.1%, SEM = 1.8) was greater than per 100-mg normal tissue (16.6%, SEM = 1.3). When the tumor and normal tissue samples were paired by patient, the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.022, paired t test). Biological fluids did not activate liposomal MLP, while normal liver tissue strongly does. Interestingly, the omental fatty tissue also greatly activated MLP. CONCLUSIONS Tumor tissue homogenates activate MLP with greater efficiency than the surrounding normal tissues, but far less than liver and adipose tissue. These observations demonstrate the bioavailability of liposomal MLP in human tumors, and its pharmacologic potential in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Dorot
- Department of Surgery, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Hebrew University-Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - James Tankel
- Department of Surgery, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Hebrew University-Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Victoria Doviner
- Department of Pathology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Hebrew University-Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hilary Shmeeda
- Oncology Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Hebrew University-Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | - Amir Dagan
- Department of Surgery, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Hebrew University-Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Menachem Ben-Haim
- Department of Surgery, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Hebrew University-Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Petachia Reissman
- Department of Surgery, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Hebrew University-Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alberto Gabizon
- Oncology Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Hebrew University-Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel. .,Shaare Zedek Nano-oncology Research Center, POB 3235, 12 Shmuel Bayit St., 91031, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Pharmacological Potential of Lathyrane-Type Diterpenoids from Phytochemical Sources. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070780. [PMID: 35890079 PMCID: PMC9318715 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lathyrane diterpenoids are one of the primary types of secondary metabolites present in the genus Euphorbia and one of the largest groups of diterpenes. They are characterized by having a highly oxygenated tricyclic system of 5, 11 and 3 members. These natural products and some synthetic derivatives have shown numerous interesting biological activities with clinical potential against various diseases, such as cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines, multi-drug resistance reversal, antiviral properties, anti-inflammatory activity and their capability to induce proliferation or differentiation into neurons of neural progenitor cells. The structure of the lathyrane skeleton could be considered privileged because its framework is able to direct functional groups in a well-defined space. The favorable arrangement of these makes interaction possible with more than one target. This review aims to highlight the evidence of lathyranes as privileged structures in medicinal chemistry. Chemical structures of bioactive compounds, the evaluation of biological properties of natural and semisynthetic derivatives, and the exploration of the mechanisms of action as well as target identification and some aspects of their targeted delivery are discussed.
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Efficacy and Safety of Zuojin Pill for the Treatment of Chronic Nonatrophic Gastritis: A Randomized Active-Controlled Clinical Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2266023. [PMID: 35432566 PMCID: PMC9010182 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2266023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective Zuojin pill (ZJP) is used as the classical prescription for a wide variety of digestive diseases. However, there is a lack of direct evidence for its use in the treatment of chronic nonatrophic gastritis (CNG). In particular, there is a lack of rigorous trials of randomized controlled designs. In this study, a randomized active-controlled clinical trial was performed to verify the efficacy and safety of ZJP in detail. Methods Patients with CNG were divided into the ZJP group and the Marzulene-S granule group. Patients were enrolled from September 2019 to February 2021 (ChiCTR2000040549). Endoscopy and histology scores were evaluated as the primary outcome measure. The Helicobacter pylori positive rate and the disappearance rate of symptoms were also measured to reflect the outcomes. Finally, adverse events were also calculated as the index of safety. Results A total of 68 eligible patients were enrolled in this trial and randomly divided into two groups with baseline comparability. ZJP was able to improve the red plaques as well as bile reflux scores compared with Marzulene-S granule (P=0.043 and P=0.019, respectively). Moreover, it also remarkably alleviated the active chronic inflammation score (P=0.043). However, there was no difference between the Helicobacter pylori positivity rate (P=0.752). The symptom scores of abdominal distension (P=0.004), belching (P=0.010), and loss of appetite (P=0.019) were alleviated by ZJP, but nausea and vomiting were not (P=0.616). ZJP can also be considered safe with no obvious adverse effects. Conclusion ZJP might decrease mucosal injury and alleviate symptoms in CNG. In addition, more large-scale clinical trials should be carried out to further confirm its clinical efficacy and safety.
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Gomes ER, Franco MS. Combining Nanocarrier-Assisted Delivery of Molecules and Radiotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010105. [PMID: 35057001 PMCID: PMC8781448 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is responsible for a significant proportion of death all over the world. Therefore, strategies to improve its treatment are highly desired. The use of nanocarriers to deliver anticancer treatments has been extensively investigated and improved since the approval of the first liposomal formulation for cancer treatment in 1995. Radiotherapy (RT) is present in the disease management strategy of around 50% of cancer patients. In the present review, we bring the state-of-the-art information on the combination of nanocarrier-assisted delivery of molecules and RT. We start with formulations designed to encapsulate single or multiple molecules that, once delivered to the tumor site, act directly on the cells to improve the effects of RT. Then, we describe formulations designed to modulate the tumor microenvironment by delivering oxygen or to boost the abscopal effect. Finally, we present how RT can be employed to trigger molecule delivery from nanocarriers or to modulate the EPR effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Rocha Gomes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil;
| | - Marina Santiago Franco
- Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), 85764 München, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-3187-48767
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Qi L, Liu C, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Duan H, Zhao H, Xin X, Chen L, Jin M, Guan Y, Gao Z, Huang W. Development of Mitomycin C-Loaded Nanoparticles Prepared Using the Micellar Assembly Driven by the Combined Effect of Hydrogen Bonding and π-π Stacking and Its Therapeutic Application in Bladder Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1776. [PMID: 34834192 PMCID: PMC8624376 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Micelle is mainly used for drug delivery and is prepared from amphiphilic block copolymers. It can be formed into an obvious core-shell structure that can incorporate liposoluble drugs. However, micelles are not suitable for the encapsulation of water-soluble drugs, and it is also difficult to maintain stability in the systemic circulation. To solve these problems, a type of polymer material, Fmoc-Lys-PEG and Fmoc-Lys-PEG-RGD, was designed and synthesized. These copolymers could self-assemble into micelles driven by π-π stacking and the hydrophobic interaction of 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbony (Fmoc) and, at the same time, form a framework for a hydrogen-bonding environment in the core. Mitomycin C (MMC), as a water-soluble drug, can be encapsulated into micelles by hydrogen-bonding interactions. The interaction force between MMC and the polymers was analyzed by molecular docking simulation and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). It was concluded that the optimal binding conformation can be obtained, and that the main force between the MMC and polymers is hydrogen bonding. Different types of MMC nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared and the physicochemical properties of them were systematically evaluated. The pharmacodynamics of the MMC NPs in vitro and in vivo were also studied. The results show that MMC NPs had a high uptake efficiency, could promote cell apoptosis, and had a strong inhibitory effect on cell proliferation. More importantly, the as-prepared NPs could effectively induce tumor cell apoptosis and inhibit tumor growth and metastasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (C.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.D.); (H.Z.); (X.X.); (L.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (C.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.D.); (H.Z.); (X.X.); (L.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Yingying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (C.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.D.); (H.Z.); (X.X.); (L.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Zheao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (C.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.D.); (H.Z.); (X.X.); (L.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Hongxia Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (C.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.D.); (H.Z.); (X.X.); (L.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Heming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (C.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.D.); (H.Z.); (X.X.); (L.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Xin Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (C.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.D.); (H.Z.); (X.X.); (L.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Liqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (C.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.D.); (H.Z.); (X.X.); (L.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Mingji Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (C.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.D.); (H.Z.); (X.X.); (L.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Youyan Guan
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zhonggao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (C.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.D.); (H.Z.); (X.X.); (L.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (C.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.D.); (H.Z.); (X.X.); (L.C.); (M.J.)
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15
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Han S, Mei L, Quach T, Porter C, Trevaskis N. Lipophilic Conjugates of Drugs: A Tool to Improve Drug Pharmacokinetic and Therapeutic Profiles. Pharm Res 2021; 38:1497-1518. [PMID: 34463935 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03093-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Lipophilic conjugates (LCs) of small molecule drugs have been used widely in clinical and pre-clinical studies to achieve a number of pharmacokinetic and therapeutic benefits. For example, lipophilic derivatives of drugs are employed in several long acting injectable products to provide sustained drug exposure for hormone replacement therapy and to treat conditions such as neuropsychiatric diseases. LCs can also be used to modulate drug metabolism, and to enhance drug permeation across membranes, either by increasing lipophilicity to enhance passive diffusion or by increasing protein-mediated active transport. Furthermore, such conjugation strategies have been employed to promote drug association with endogenous macromolecular carriers (e.g. albumin and lipoproteins), and this in turn results in altered drug distribution and pharmacokinetic profiles, where the changes can be 'general' (e.g. prolonged plasma half-life) or 'specific' (e.g. enhanced delivery to specific tissues in parallel with the macromolecular carriers). Another utility of LCs is to enhance the encapsulation of drugs within engineered nanoscale drug delivery systems, in order to best take advantage of the targeting and pharmacokinetic benefits of nanomedicines. The current review provides a summary of the mechanisms by which lipophilic conjugates, including in combination with delivery vehicles, can be used to control drug delivery, distribution and therapeutic profiles. The article is structured into sections which highlight a specific benefit of LCs and then demonstrate this benefit with case studies. The review attempts to provide a toolbox to assist researchers to design and optimise drug candidates, including consideration of drug-formulation compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifei Han
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Suzhou Institute of Drug Innovation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
| | - Lianghe Mei
- Suzhou Institute of Drug Innovation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Tim Quach
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- PureTech Health, 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Chris Porter
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Natalie Trevaskis
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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16
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Challenges of Current Anticancer Treatment Approaches with Focus on Liposomal Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090835. [PMID: 34577537 PMCID: PMC8466509 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
According to a 2020 World Health Organization report (Globocan 2020), cancer was a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for nearly 10 million deaths in 2020. The aim of anticancer therapy is to specifically inhibit the growth of cancer cells while sparing normal dividing cells. Conventional chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgical treatments have often been plagued by the frequency and severity of side effects as well as severe patient discomfort. Cancer targeting by drug delivery systems, owing to their selective targeting, efficacy, biocompatibility and high drug payload, provides an attractive alternative treatment; however, there are technical, therapeutic, manufacturing and clinical barriers that limit their use. This article provides a brief review of the challenges of conventional anticancer therapies and anticancer drug targeting with a special focus on liposomal drug delivery systems.
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Zhu L, Kuang Z, Song P, Li W, Gui L, Yang K, Ge F, Tao Y, Zhang W. Gold nanorod-loaded thermosensitive liposomes facilitate the targeted release of ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes with anti-tumor activity. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:455103. [PMID: 34352731 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac1afc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes (Ru) show high anti-tumor activity, but their poor solubility and low biocompatibility impede their use in anti-tumor therapy. Here,we circumvented the problem of low solubility by encapsulating the Ru in thermosensitive liposomes (LTSLs) and used gold nanorods (Au NRs) modified on the surface of the liposomes to permit the precise release of Ru at the tumor site. A facile and simple method was developed to synthesize Ru-loaded Au NR-decorated LTSL (Au@LTSL-Ru NPs). The loaded Au NRs improved the anti-tumor effect of Ru and enhanced the photothermal therapeutic properties of the nanosystem. A characterization experiment indicated that the average particle size of Au@LTSL-Ru was approximately 300 nm and that the Au NRs were successfully modified on the surface of LTSL. In thein vitroanti-tumor test, Au@LTSL-Ru and NIR significantly inhibited the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells. The IC50value of Au@LTSL-Ru + NIR was 7.1 ± 1.2μM (13μg ml-1), and the inhibition rate was greater than 90% when the concentration reached 30μg ml-1.In vivostudies revealed that Au@LTSL-Ru and NIR had a significant inhibitory effect on subcutaneous tumor tissues derived from SGC-7901 cells. Analysis of histopathology and immunocytotoxicity indicated that Au@LTSL-Ru has fewer side effects and high biocompatibility. Our results confirm that Au@LTSL-Ru can effectively inhibit tumor growth and aid the development of Ru for use in the thermal response in anti-tumor activity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longbao Zhu
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Kuang
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Song
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanzhen Li
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Gui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Kai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Ge
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yugui Tao
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People's Republic of China
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18
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Han X, Sun M, Chen B, Saiding Q, Zhang J, Song H, Deng L, Wang P, Gong W, Cui W. Lotus seedpod-inspired internal vascularized 3D printed scaffold for bone tissue repair. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:1639-1652. [PMID: 33313444 PMCID: PMC7701916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of bone defect repair, 3D printed scaffolds have the characteristics of personalized customization and accurate internal structure. However, how to construct a well-structured vascular network quickly and effectively inside the scaffold is essential for bone repair after transplantation. Herein, inspired by the unique biological structure of "lotus seedpod", hydrogel microspheres encapsulating deferoxamine (DFO) liposomes were prepared through microfluidic technology as "lotus seeds", and skillfully combined with a three-dimensional (3D) printed bioceramic scaffold with biomimetic "lotus" biological structure which can internally grow blood vessels. In this composite scaffold system, DFO was effectively released by 36% in the first 6 h, which was conducive to promote the growth of blood vessels inside the scaffold quickly. In the following 7 days, the release rate of DFO reached 69%, which was fundamental in the formation of blood vessels inside the scaffold as well as osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). It was confirmed that the composite scaffold could significantly promote the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to form the vascular morphology within 6 h in vitro. In vivo, the composite scaffold increased the expression of vascularization and osteogenic related proteins Hif1-α, CD31, OPN, and OCN in the rat femoral defect model, significantly cutting down the time of bone repair. To sum up, this "lotus seedpod" inspired porous bioceramic 3D printed scaffold with internal vascularization functionality has broad application prospects in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 105 Jiefang Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Mingjie Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 105 Jiefang Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, PR China
| | - Bo Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Qimanguli Saiding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Junyue Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 105 Jiefang Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, PR China
| | - Hongliang Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 105 Jiefang Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, PR China
| | - Lianfu Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 105 Jiefang Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, PR China
| | - Weiming Gong
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 105 Jiefang Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, PR China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
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19
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Mohan CD, Rangappa S, Nayak SC, Jadimurthy R, Wang L, Sethi G, Garg M, Rangappa KS. Bacteria as a treasure house of secondary metabolites with anticancer potential. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 86:998-1013. [PMID: 33979675 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stands in the frontline among leading killers worldwide and the annual mortality rate is expected to reach 16.4 million by 2040. Humans suffer from about 200 different types of cancers and many of them have a small number of approved therapeutic agents. Moreover, several types of major cancers are diagnosed at advanced stages as a result of which the existing therapies have limited efficacy against them and contribute to a dismal prognosis. Therefore, it is essential to develop novel potent anticancer agents to counteract cancer-driven lethality. Natural sources such as bacteria, plants, fungi, and marine microorganisms have been serving as an inexhaustible source of anticancer agents. Notably, over 13,000 natural compounds endowed with different pharmacological properties have been isolated from different bacterial sources. In the present article, we have discussed about the importance of natural products, with special emphasis on bacterial metabolites for cancer therapy. Subsequently, we have comprehensively discussed the various sources, mechanisms of action, toxicity issues, and off-target effects of clinically used anticancer drugs (such as actinomycin D, bleomycin, carfilzomib, doxorubicin, ixabepilone, mitomycin C, pentostatin, rapalogs, and romidepsin) that have been derived from different bacteria. Furthermore, we have also discussed some of the major secondary metabolites (antimycins, chartreusin, elsamicins, geldanamycin, monensin, plicamycin, prodigiosin, rebeccamycin, salinomycin, and salinosporamide) that are currently in the clinical trials or which have demonstrated potent anticancer activity in preclinical models. Besides, we have elaborated on the application of metagenomics in drug discovery and briefly described about anticancer agents (bryostatin 1 and ET-743) identified through the metagenomics approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, Adichunchanagiri University, BG Nagara, 571448, Nagamangala Taluk, India
| | - S Chandra Nayak
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - Ragi Jadimurthy
- Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India
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Bao S, Zheng H, Ye J, Huang H, Zhou B, Yao Q, Lin G, Zhang H, Kou L, Chen R. Dual Targeting EGFR and STAT3 With Erlotinib and Alantolactone Co-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles for Pancreatic Cancer Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:625084. [PMID: 33815107 PMCID: PMC8017486 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.625084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most common malignancies and also a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Many studies have shown that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is highly expressed in PC, which provides a potential target for PC treatment. However, EGFR inhibitors use alone was proven ineffective in clinical trials, due to the persistence of cellular feedback mechanisms which foster therapeutic resistance to single targeting of EGFR. Specifically, the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is over-activated when receiving an EGFR inhibitor and is believed to be highly involved in the failure and resistance of EGFR inhibitor treatment. Therein, we hypothesized that dual inhibition of EGFR and STAT3 strategy could address the STAT3 induced resistance during EGFR inhibitor treatment. To this end, we tried to develop poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles to co-load Alantolactone (ALA, a novel STAT3 inhibitor) and Erlotinib (ERL, an EGFR inhibitor) for pancreatic cancer to test our guess. The loading ratio of ALA and ERL was firstly optimized in vitro to achieve a combined cancer-killing effect. Then, the ALA- and ERL-co-loaded nanoparticles (AE@NPs) were successfully prepared and characterized, and the related anticancer effects and cellular uptake of AE@NPs were studied. We also further detailly explored the underlying mechanisms. The results suggested that AE@NPs with uniform particle size and high drug load could induce significant pancreatic cancer cell apoptosis and display an ideal anticancer effect. Mechanism studies showed that AE@NPs inhibited the phosphorylation of both EGFR and STAT3, indicating the dual suppression of these two signaling pathways. Additionally, AE@NPs could also activate the ROS-p38 axis, which is not observed in the single drug treatments. Collectively, the AE@NPs prepared in this study possess great potential for pancreatic cancer treatment by dual suppressing of EGFR and STAT3 pathways and activating ROS-responsive p38 MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Bao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hailun Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jinyao Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huirong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qing Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guangyong Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Children's Respiration Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Longfa Kou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ruijie Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Wenzhou, China
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