1
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Petrovsky N. Clinical development of SpikoGen®, an Advax-CpG55.2 adjuvanted recombinant spike protein vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2363016. [PMID: 38839044 PMCID: PMC11155708 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2363016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Recombinant protein vaccines represent a well-established, reliable and safe approach for pandemic vaccination. SpikoGen® is a recombinant spike protein trimer manufactured in insect cells and formulated with Advax-CpG55.2 adjuvant. In murine, hamster, ferret and non-human primate studies, SpikoGen® consistently provided protection against a range of SARS-CoV-2 variants. A pivotal Phase 3 placebo-controlled efficacy trial involving 16,876 participants confirmed the ability of SpikoGen® to prevent infection and severe disease caused by the virulent Delta strain. SpikoGen® subsequently received a marketing authorization from the Iranian FDA in early October 2021 for prevention of COVID-19 in adults. Following a successful pediatric study, its approval was extended to children 5 years and older. Eight million doses of SpikoGen® have been delivered, and a next-generation booster version is currently in development. This highlights the benefits of adjuvanted protein-based approaches which should not overlook when vaccine platforms are being selected for future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Petrovsky
- Research Department, Australian Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Institute Ltd, Adelaide, Australia
- Research Department, Vaxine Pty Ltd, Warradale, Australia
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2
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Li Z, Jiang H, Pan W, Liu M, Jiang W, Zhang X, Wang F. Preparation and immunological activity evaluation of an intranasal protein subunit vaccine against ancestral and mutant SARS-CoV-2 with curdlan sulfate/O-linked quaternized chitosan nanoparticles as carrier and adjuvant. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133733. [PMID: 39002905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan and its derivatives are ideal nasal vaccine adjuvant to deliver antigens to immune cells. Previously, we successfully used a chitosan derivative, O-(2-Hydroxyl) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride (O-HTCC), and a β-glucan derivative, curdlan sulfate (CS), to prepare a nanoparticle adjuvant CS/O-HTCC which could deliver ovalbumin to antigen presenting cells (APCs) through nasal inhalation. In this article, we used SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain (S-RBD) as the antigen and CS/O-HTCC nanoparticles as the adjuvant to develop a nasal mucosal protein subunit vaccine, CS/S-RBD/O-HTCC. The humoral immunity, cell-mediated immunity and mucosal immunity induced by vaccines were evaluated. The results showed that CS/S-RBD/O-HTCC could induce desirable immunization with single or bivalent antigen through nasal inoculation, giving one booster vaccination with mutated S-RBD (beta) could bring about a broad cross reaction with ancestral and different mutated S-RBD, and vaccination of the BALB/c mice with CS/S-RBD/O-HTCC containing S-RBD mix antigens (ancestral and omicron) could induce the production of binding and neutralizing antibodies against both of the two antigens. Our results indicate that CS/O-HTCC is a promising nasal mucosal adjuvant to prepare protein subunit vaccine for both primary and booster immunization, and the adjuvant is suitable for loading more than one antigen for preparing multivalent vaccines.
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MESH Headings
- Chitosan/chemistry
- Animals
- Nanoparticles/chemistry
- beta-Glucans/chemistry
- beta-Glucans/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Mice
- Administration, Intranasal
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19/immunology
- Female
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- COVID-19 Vaccines/chemistry
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Immunity, Mucosal/drug effects
- Mutation
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Drug Carriers/chemistry
- Adjuvants, Vaccine/chemistry
- Humans
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of education, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of education, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zuyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of education, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Honglei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of education, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of education, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Minghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of education, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of education, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Xinke Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Fengshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of education, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
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3
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Zou GQ, Li K, Yan C, Li YQ, Xian MY, Hu X, Luo R, Liu Z. Aluminum hydroxide and immunostimulatory glycolipid adjuvant combination for enhanced COVID-19 subunit vaccine immunogenicity. Vaccine 2024; 42:126145. [PMID: 39034218 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Protein-based subunit vaccines like RBD-Fc are promising tools to fight COVID-19. RBD-Fc fuses the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein with the Fc region of human IgG1, making it more immunogenic than RBD alone. Earlier work showed that combining RBD-Fc with iNKT cell agonists as adjuvants improved neutralizing antibodies but did not sufficiently enhance T cell responses, a limitation RBD-Fc vaccines share with common adjuvants. Here we demonstrate that aluminum hydroxide combined with α-C-GC, a C-glycoside iNKT cell agonist, significantly improved the RBD-Fc vaccine's induction of RBD-specific T-cell responses. Additionally, aluminum hydroxide with α-GC-CPOEt, a phosphonate diester derivative, synergistically elicited more robust neutralizing antibodies. Remarkably, modifying αGC with phosphate (OPO3H2) or phosphonate (CPO3H2) to potentially enhance aluminum hydroxide interaction did not improve efficacy over unmodified αGC with aluminum hydroxide. These findings underscore the straightforward yet potent potential of this approach in advancing COVID-19 vaccine development and provide insights for iNKT cell-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qing Zou
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, PR China
| | - Ke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Cheng Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, PR China
| | - Ya-Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Mao-Ying Xian
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, PR China
| | - Xing Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, PR China
| | - Rui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
| | - Zheng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, PR China.
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4
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Rodolphi CM, Soares IF, Matos ADS, Rodrigues-da-Silva RN, Ferreira MU, Pratt-Riccio LR, Totino PRR, Scopel KKG, Lima-Junior JDC. Dynamics of IgM and IgG Antibody Response Profile against Linear B-Cell Epitopes from Exoerythrocytic (CelTOS and TRAP) and Erythrocytic (CyRPA) Phases of Plasmodium vivax: Follow-Up Study. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:69. [PMID: 39189240 DOI: 10.3390/antib13030069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a serious health problem worldwide affecting mainly children and socially vulnerable people. The biological particularities of P. vivax, such as the ability to generate dormant liver stages, the rapid maturation of gametocytes, and the emergence of drug resistance, have contributed to difficulties in disease control. In this context, developing an effective vaccine has been considered a fundamental tool for the efficient control and/or elimination of vivax malaria. Although recombinant proteins have been the main strategy used in designing vaccine prototypes, synthetic immunogenic peptides have emerged as a viable alternative for this purpose. Considering, therefore, that in the Brazilian endemic population, little is known about the profile of the humoral immune response directed to synthetic peptides that represent different P. vivax proteins, the present work aimed to map the epitope-specific antibodies' profiles to synthetic peptides representing the linear portions of the ookinete and sporozoite cell passage protein (CelTOS), thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (TRAP), and cysteine-rich protective antigen (CyRPA) proteins in the acute (AC) and convalescent phases (Conv30 and Conv180 after infection) of vivax malaria. The results showed that the studied subjects responded to all proteins for at least six months following infection. For IgM, a few individuals (3-21%) were positive during the acute phase of the disease; the highest frequencies were observed for IgG (28-57%). Regarding the subclasses, IgG2 and IgG3 stood out as the most prevalent for all peptides. During the follow-up, the stability of IgG was observed for all peptides. Only one significant positive correlation was observed between IgM and exposure time. We conclude that for all the peptides, the immunodominant epitopes are recognized in the exposed population, with similar frequency and magnitude. However, if the antibodies detected in this study are potential protectors, this needs to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia Magalhães Rodolphi
- Research Centre of Parasitology, Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology and Post-Graduation Program in Biological Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Isabela Ferreira Soares
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Ada da Silva Matos
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Urbano Ferreira
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
| | - Lilian Rose Pratt-Riccio
- Laboratory for Malaria Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Center for Research, Diagnosis, and Training in Malaria of Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Renato Rivas Totino
- Laboratory for Malaria Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Center for Research, Diagnosis, and Training in Malaria of Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Kézia Katiani Gorza Scopel
- Research Centre of Parasitology, Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology and Post-Graduation Program in Biological Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
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5
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Karaaslan E, Sorvillo TE, Scholte FEM, O'Neal TJ, Welch SR, Davies KA, Coleman-McCray JD, Harmon JR, Ritter JM, Pegan SD, Montgomery JM, Spengler JR, Spiropoulou CF, Bergeron É. Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus nucleoprotein and GP38 subunit vaccine combination prevents morbidity in mice. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:148. [PMID: 39143104 PMCID: PMC11324950 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00931-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunizing mice with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) nucleoprotein (NP), glycoprotein precursor (GPC), or with the GP38 domain of GPC, can be protective when the proteins are delivered with viral vectors or as a DNA or RNA vaccine. Subunit vaccines are a safe and cost-effective alternative to some vaccine platforms, but Gc and Gn glycoprotein subunit vaccines for CCHFV fail to protect despite eliciting high levels of neutralizing antibodies. Here, we investigated humoral and cellular immune responses and the protective efficacy of recombinant NP, GP38, and GP38 forms (GP85 and GP160) associated with the highly glycosylated mucin-like (MLD) domain, as well as the NP + GP38 combination. Vaccination with GP160, GP85, or GP38 did not confer protection, and vaccination with the MLD-associated GP38 forms blunted the humoral immune responses to GP38, worsened clinical chemistry, and increased viral RNA in the blood compared to the GP38 vaccination. In contrast, NP vaccination conferred 100% protection from lethal outcome and was associated with mild clinical disease, while the NP + GP38 combination conferred even more robust protection by reducing morbidity compared to mice receiving NP alone. Thus, recombinant CCHFV NP alone is a promising vaccine candidate conferring 100% survival against heterologous challenge. Moreover, incorporation of GP38 should be considered as it further enhances subunit vaccine efficacy by reducing morbidity in surviving animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Karaaslan
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Teresa E Sorvillo
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Florine E M Scholte
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Troy Justin O'Neal
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stephen R Welch
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Katherine A Davies
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Zoonotic and Emerging Disease Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - JoAnn D Coleman-McCray
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica R Harmon
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jana M Ritter
- Infectious Disease Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Scott D Pegan
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Joel M Montgomery
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica R Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Éric Bergeron
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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6
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Khalid K, Lim HX, Hwang JS, Poh CL. The Development of Epitope-Based Recombinant Protein Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. AAPS J 2024; 26:93. [PMID: 39138686 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-024-00963-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to cause infections and deaths, which are attributable to the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant of concern (VOC). Moderna's response to the declining protective efficacies of current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines against Omicron was to develop a bivalent booster vaccine based on the Spike (S) protein from the Wuhan and Omicron BA.4/BA.5 strains. This approach, while commendable, is unfeasible in light of rapidly emerging mutated viral strains. PubMed and Google Scholar were systematically reviewed for peer-reviewed papers up to January 2024. Articles included focused on specific themes such as the clinical history of recombinant protein vaccine development against different diseases, including COVID-19, the production of recombinant protein vaccines using different host expression systems, aspects to consider in recombinant protein vaccine development, and overcoming problems associated with large-scale recombinant protein vaccine production. In silico approaches to identify conserved and immunogenic epitopes could provide broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 VOCs but require validation in animal models. The recombinant protein vaccine development platform has shown a successful history in clinical development. Recombinant protein vaccines incorporating conserved epitopes may utilize a number of expression systems, such as yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), baculovirus-insect cells (Sf9 cells), and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Current multi-epitope subunit vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 utilizing synthetic peptides are unfeasible for large-scale immunizations. Recombinant protein vaccines based on conserved and immunogenic proteins produced using E. coli offer high production yields, convenient purification, and cost-effective production of large-scale vaccine quantities capable of protecting against the SARS-CoV-2 D614G strain and its VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Khalid
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Hui Xuan Lim
- Sunway Microbiome Centre, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Jung Shan Hwang
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Chit Laa Poh
- ALPS Global Holding Berhad, 1 Jalan 1/68F, Off Jalan Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur, 50400, Malaysia.
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7
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Resende CAA, Ribeiro AJ, Gandra IB, Silva KA, Lopes LDS, Barcelos ICDS, Couto CAP, de Faria MT, Pereira SP, Xavier SR, Machado JM, da Paz MC, Chaves AT, Coelho EAF, Giunchetti RC, Chávez-Fumagalli MA, Dutra WO, Gonçalves AAM, Galdino AS. Recombinant proteins as promising antigens applied to the immunodiagnosis of Chagas disease: a scoping review. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1420226. [PMID: 39139374 PMCID: PMC11319188 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1420226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD), caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is an important public health problem, occurring mainly in Latin America. The disease has a major social and economical effect, negatively impacting the life of the infected individuals, and bringing great costs to public health. An early and accurate diagnosis is essential for administration of early treatment. In addition, prognostic tests may aid disease management, decreasing hospitalization costs. However, the serological diagnostic scenario for CD still faces several challenges, making the development of new diagnostic kits a pressing matter. Facing this scenario, several researchers have expanded efforts in developing and testing new antigens, such as recombinant proteins and recombinant multiepitope proteins, with promising results. These recombinant antigens offer several advantages, such as improved sensitivity and specificity, in addition to facilitated scaling. Also, it has been possible to observe a rising number of studies using ELISA and point-of-care platforms, employing these antigens in the past few years. Among them, recombinant proteins were the most applied antigens, demonstrating great capacity to discriminate between positive and negative samples. Although fewer in number, recombinant multiepitope proteins also demonstrated an improved diagnostic performance. Indeed, a great number of studies employing these antigens showed sensitivity and specificity values above 90%, greatly impacting diagnostic accuracy. Nevertheless, despite the good results found, it is still possible to observe some bottlenecks in the development of new antigens, such as the scarcity of tests with sera from the acute phase and the variability of results in different geographic areas. In this sense, aiming to contribute to control and health programs, the continuous search for a more accurate serological diagnosis is essential, both for the acute and chronic phases of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ananias Aparecido Resende
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory, National Institute of Science and Technology on Industrial Biotechnology (INCT-BI), Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - Anna Júlia Ribeiro
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory, National Institute of Science and Technology on Industrial Biotechnology (INCT-BI), Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - Isadora Braga Gandra
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory, National Institute of Science and Technology on Industrial Biotechnology (INCT-BI), Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - Kamila Alves Silva
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory, National Institute of Science and Technology on Industrial Biotechnology (INCT-BI), Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - Lucas da Silva Lopes
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory, National Institute of Science and Technology on Industrial Biotechnology (INCT-BI), Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - Isabelle Caroline dos Santos Barcelos
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory, National Institute of Science and Technology on Industrial Biotechnology (INCT-BI), Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - Carolina Alves Petit Couto
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory, National Institute of Science and Technology on Industrial Biotechnology (INCT-BI), Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - Mariana Teixeira de Faria
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory, National Institute of Science and Technology on Industrial Biotechnology (INCT-BI), Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Paula Pereira
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory, National Institute of Science and Technology on Industrial Biotechnology (INCT-BI), Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - Sandra Rodrigues Xavier
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory, National Institute of Science and Technology on Industrial Biotechnology (INCT-BI), Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - Juliana Martins Machado
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory, National Institute of Science and Technology on Industrial Biotechnology (INCT-BI), Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - Mariana Campos da Paz
- Laboratory of Bioactives and Nanobiotechnology, Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - Ana Thereza Chaves
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Antônio Ferraz Coelho
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Cordeiro Giunchetti
- Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Department of Morphology, National Institute of Science and Technology on Tropical Diseases (INCT-T), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Miguel Angel Chávez-Fumagalli
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Walderez Ornelas Dutra
- Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Department of Morphology, National Institute of Science and Technology on Tropical Diseases (INCT-T), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Alice Maia Gonçalves
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory, National Institute of Science and Technology on Industrial Biotechnology (INCT-BI), Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - Alexsandro Sobreira Galdino
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory, National Institute of Science and Technology on Industrial Biotechnology (INCT-BI), Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, Brazil
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8
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Duffy PE, Gorres JP, Healy SA, Fried M. Malaria vaccines: a new era of prevention and control. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024:10.1038/s41579-024-01065-7. [PMID: 39025972 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Malaria killed over 600,000 people in 2022, a death toll that has not improved since 2015. Additionally, parasites and mosquitoes resistant to existing interventions are spreading across Africa and other regions. Vaccines offer hope to reduce the mortality burden: the first licensed malaria vaccines, RTS,S and R21, will be widely deployed in 2024 and should substantially reduce childhood deaths. In this Review, we provide an overview of the malaria problem and the Plasmodium parasite, then describe the RTS,S and R21 vaccines (the first vaccines for any human parasitic disease), summarizing their benefits and limitations. We explore next-generation vaccines designed using new knowledge of malaria pathogenesis and protective immunity, which incorporate antigens and platforms to elicit effective immune responses against different parasite stages in human or mosquito hosts. We describe a decision-making process that prioritizes malaria vaccine candidates for development in a resource-constrained environment. Future vaccines might improve upon the protective efficacy of RTS,S or R21 for children, or address the wider malaria scourge by preventing pregnancy malaria, reducing the burden of Plasmodium vivax or accelerating malaria elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick E Duffy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - J Patrick Gorres
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sara A Healy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michal Fried
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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9
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Akmayan I, Oztav S, Coksu I, Abamor ES, Acar S, Ozbek T. Construction of recombinant Omp25 or EipB protein loaded PLGA nanovaccines for Brucellosis protection. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:395707. [PMID: 38917779 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad5b66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Safe and effective vaccine candidates are needed to address the limitations of existing vaccines against Brucellosis, a disease responsible for substantial economic losses in livestock. The present study aimed to encapsulate recombinant Omp25 and EipB proteins, knowledged antigen properties, into PLGA nanoparticles, characterize synthesized nanoparticles with different methods, and assessed theirin vitro/in vivoimmunostimulatory activities to develop new vaccine candidates. The recombinant Omp25 and EipB proteins produced with recombinant DNA technology were encapsulated into PLGA nanoparticles by double emulsion solvent evaporation technique. The nanoparticles were characterized using FE-SEM, Zeta-sizer, and FT-IR instruments to determine size, morphology, zeta potentials, and polydispersity index values, as well as to analyze functional groups chemically. Additionally, the release profiles and encapsulation efficiencies were assessed using UV-Vis spectroscopy. After loading with recombinant proteins, O-NPs reached sizes of 221.2 ± 5.21 nm, while E-NPs reached sizes of 274.4 ± 9.51 nm. The cumulative release rates of the antigens, monitored until the end of day 14, were determined to be 90.39% for O-NPs and 56.1% for E-NPs. Following the assessment of thein vitrocytotoxicity and immunostimulatory effects of both proteins and nanoparticles on the J774 murine macrophage cells,in vivoimmunization experiments were conducted using concentrations of 16µg ml-1for each protein. Both free antigens and antigen-containing nanoparticles excessively induced humoral immunity by increasing producedBrucella-specific IgG antibody levels for 3 times in contrast to control. Furthermore, it was also demonstrated that vaccine candidates stimulated Th1-mediated cellular immunity as well since they significantly raised IFN-gamma and IL-12 cytokine levels in murine splenocytes rather than IL-4 following to immunization. Additionally, the vaccine candidates conferred higher than 90% protection from the infection according to challenge results. Our findings reveal that PLGA nanoparticles constructed with the encapsulation of recombinant Omp25 or EipB proteins possess great potential to triggerBrucella-specific humoral and cellular immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkgul Akmayan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, 34220 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sedanur Oztav
- Department of Bioengineering, Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Faculty, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, 34220 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Irem Coksu
- Department of Bioengineering, Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Faculty, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, 34220 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emrah Sefik Abamor
- Department of Bioengineering, Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Faculty, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, 34220 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Acar
- Department of Bioengineering, Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Faculty, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, 34220 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tulin Ozbek
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, 34220 Istanbul, Turkey
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10
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Xi Y, Ma R, Li S, Liu G, Liu C. Functionally Designed Nanovaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and Its Variants. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:764. [PMID: 39066402 PMCID: PMC11281565 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12070764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, generated by SARS-CoV-2, has significantly affected healthcare systems worldwide. The epidemic has highlighted the urgent need for vaccine development. Besides the conventional vaccination models, which include live-attenuated, recombinant protein, and inactivated vaccines, nanovaccines present a distinct opportunity to progress vaccine research and offer convenient alternatives. This review highlights the many widely used nanoparticle vaccine vectors, outlines their benefits and drawbacks, and examines recent developments in nanoparticle vaccines to prevent SARS-CoV-2. It also offers a thorough overview of the many advantages of nanoparticle vaccines, including an enhanced host immune response, multivalent antigen delivery, and efficient drug delivery. The main objective is to provide a reference for the development of innovative antiviral vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Biology and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.X.); (R.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Rongrong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Biology and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.X.); (R.M.); (S.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;
| | - Shuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Biology and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.X.); (R.M.); (S.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Biology and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.X.); (R.M.); (S.L.)
- China Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
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11
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Goetz M, Thotathil N, Zhao Z, Mitragotri S. Vaccine adjuvants for infectious disease in the clinic. Bioeng Transl Med 2024; 9:e10663. [PMID: 39036089 PMCID: PMC11256182 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants, materials added to vaccines to enhance the resulting immune response, are important components of vaccination that are many times overlooked. While vaccines always include an antigen to tell the body what to vaccinate to, of equal importance the adjuvant provides the how, a significant factor in producing a complete response. The adjuvant space has been slow to develop with the first use of an adjuvant in a licensed vaccine occurring in the 1930s, and remaining the only adjuvant in licensed vaccines for the next 80 years. However, with vaccination at the forefront of protection against new and complex pathogens, it is important to consider all components when designing an effective vaccine. Here we summarize the adjuvant space in licensed vaccines as well as the novel adjuvant space in clinical trials with a specific focus on the materials utilized and their resulting impact on the immune response. We discuss five major categories of adjuvant materials: aluminum salts, nanoparticles, viral vectors, TLR agonists, and emulsions. For each category, we delve into the current clinical trials space, the impact of these materials on vaccination, as well as some of the ways in which they could be improved. Adjuvants present an exciting opportunity to improve vaccine responses and stability, this review will help inform about the current progress of this space. Translational impact statement In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccines for infectious diseases have come into the spotlight. While antigens have always been an important focus of vaccine design, the adjuvant is a significant tool for enhancing the immune response to the vaccine that has been largely underdeveloped. This article provides a broad review of the history of adjuvants and, the current vaccine adjuvant space, and the progress seen in adjuvants in clinical trials. There is specific emphasis on the material landscape for adjuvants and their resulting mechanism of action. Looking ahead, while the novel vaccine adjuvant space features exciting new technologies and materials, there is still a need for more to meet the protective needs of new and complex pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Goetz
- John A Paulson School of Engineering & Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityAllstonMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired EngineeringBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Naaz Thotathil
- University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMassachusettsUSA
| | - Zongmin Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of Pharmacy, University of Illinois ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A Paulson School of Engineering & Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityAllstonMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired EngineeringBostonMassachusettsUSA
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12
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Mendoza-Ramírez NJ, García-Cordero J, Shrivastava G, Cedillo-Barrón L. The Key to Increase Immunogenicity of Next-Generation COVID-19 Vaccines Lies in the Inclusion of the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein. J Immunol Res 2024; 2024:9313267. [PMID: 38939745 PMCID: PMC11208798 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9313267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the most effective prophylactic public health interventions for the prevention of infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Considering the ongoing need for new COVID-19 vaccines, it is crucial to modify our approach and incorporate more conserved regions of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to effectively address emerging viral variants. The nucleocapsid protein is a structural protein of SARS-CoV-2 that is involved in replication and immune responses. Furthermore, this protein offers significant advantages owing to the minimal accumulation of mutations over time and the inclusion of key T-cell epitopes critical for SARS-CoV-2 immunity. A novel strategy that may be suitable for the new generation of vaccines against COVID-19 is to use a combination of antigens, including the spike and nucleocapsid proteins, to elicit robust humoral and potent cellular immune responses, along with long-lasting immunity. The strategic use of multiple antigens aims to enhance vaccine efficacy and broaden protection against viruses, including their variants. The immune response against the nucleocapsid protein from other coronavirus is long-lasting, and it can persist up to 11 years post-infection. Thus, the incorporation of nucleocapsids (N) into vaccine design adds an important dimension to vaccination efforts and holds promise for bolstering the ability to combat COVID-19 effectively. In this review, we summarize the preclinical studies that evaluated the use of the nucleocapsid protein as antigen. This study discusses the use of nucleocapsid alone and its combination with spike protein or other proteins of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noe Juvenal Mendoza-Ramírez
- Departamento de Biomedicina MolecularCINVESTAV IPN, Av. IPN # 2508 Col, San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Julio García-Cordero
- Departamento de Biomedicina MolecularCINVESTAV IPN, Av. IPN # 2508 Col, San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Gaurav Shrivastava
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector ResearchNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Leticia Cedillo-Barrón
- Departamento de Biomedicina MolecularCINVESTAV IPN, Av. IPN # 2508 Col, San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
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13
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Gonçalves AAM, Ribeiro AJ, Resende CAA, Couto CAP, Gandra IB, Dos Santos Barcelos IC, da Silva JO, Machado JM, Silva KA, Silva LS, Dos Santos M, da Silva Lopes L, de Faria MT, Pereira SP, Xavier SR, Aragão MM, Candida-Puma MA, de Oliveira ICM, Souza AA, Nogueira LM, da Paz MC, Coelho EAF, Giunchetti RC, de Freitas SM, Chávez-Fumagalli MA, Nagem RAP, Galdino AS. Recombinant multiepitope proteins expressed in Escherichia coli cells and their potential for immunodiagnosis. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:145. [PMID: 38778337 PMCID: PMC11110257 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02418-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Recombinant multiepitope proteins (RMPs) are a promising alternative for application in diagnostic tests and, given their wide application in the most diverse diseases, this review article aims to survey the use of these antigens for diagnosis, as well as discuss the main points surrounding these antigens. RMPs usually consisting of linear, immunodominant, and phylogenetically conserved epitopes, has been applied in the experimental diagnosis of various human and animal diseases, such as leishmaniasis, brucellosis, cysticercosis, Chagas disease, hepatitis, leptospirosis, leprosy, filariasis, schistosomiasis, dengue, and COVID-19. The synthetic genes for these epitopes are joined to code a single RMP, either with spacers or fused, with different biochemical properties. The epitopes' high density within the RMPs contributes to a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. The RMPs can also sidestep the need for multiple peptide synthesis or multiple recombinant proteins, reducing costs and enhancing the standardization conditions for immunoassays. Methods such as bioinformatics and circular dichroism have been widely applied in the development of new RMPs, helping to guide their construction and better understand their structure. Several RMPs have been expressed, mainly using the Escherichia coli expression system, highlighting the importance of these cells in the biotechnological field. In fact, technological advances in this area, offering a wide range of different strains to be used, make these cells the most widely used expression platform. RMPs have been experimentally used to diagnose a broad range of illnesses in the laboratory, suggesting they could also be useful for accurate diagnoses commercially. On this point, the RMP method offers a tempting substitute for the production of promising antigens used to assemble commercial diagnostic kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Alice Maia Gonçalves
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory, National Institute of Science and Technology on Industrial Biotechnology (INCT-BI), Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Midwest Campus, Divinópolis, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Anna Julia Ribeiro
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory, National Institute of Science and Technology on Industrial Biotechnology (INCT-BI), Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Midwest Campus, Divinópolis, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ananias Aparecido Resende
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory, National Institute of Science and Technology on Industrial Biotechnology (INCT-BI), Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Midwest Campus, Divinópolis, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Carolina Alves Petit Couto
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory, National Institute of Science and Technology on Industrial Biotechnology (INCT-BI), Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Midwest Campus, Divinópolis, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Isadora Braga Gandra
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory, National Institute of Science and Technology on Industrial Biotechnology (INCT-BI), Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Midwest Campus, Divinópolis, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Isabelle Caroline Dos Santos Barcelos
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory, National Institute of Science and Technology on Industrial Biotechnology (INCT-BI), Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Midwest Campus, Divinópolis, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Jonatas Oliveira da Silva
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory, National Institute of Science and Technology on Industrial Biotechnology (INCT-BI), Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Midwest Campus, Divinópolis, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Juliana Martins Machado
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory, National Institute of Science and Technology on Industrial Biotechnology (INCT-BI), Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Midwest Campus, Divinópolis, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Kamila Alves Silva
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory, National Institute of Science and Technology on Industrial Biotechnology (INCT-BI), Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Midwest Campus, Divinópolis, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Líria Souza Silva
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory, National Institute of Science and Technology on Industrial Biotechnology (INCT-BI), Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Midwest Campus, Divinópolis, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Michelli Dos Santos
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory, National Institute of Science and Technology on Industrial Biotechnology (INCT-BI), Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Midwest Campus, Divinópolis, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Lucas da Silva Lopes
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory, National Institute of Science and Technology on Industrial Biotechnology (INCT-BI), Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Midwest Campus, Divinópolis, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Mariana Teixeira de Faria
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory, National Institute of Science and Technology on Industrial Biotechnology (INCT-BI), Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Midwest Campus, Divinópolis, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Paula Pereira
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory, National Institute of Science and Technology on Industrial Biotechnology (INCT-BI), Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Midwest Campus, Divinópolis, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Sandra Rodrigues Xavier
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory, National Institute of Science and Technology on Industrial Biotechnology (INCT-BI), Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Midwest Campus, Divinópolis, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Matheus Motta Aragão
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Mayron Antonio Candida-Puma
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa, 04000, Peru
| | | | - Amanda Araujo Souza
- Biophysics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Lais Moreira Nogueira
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory, National Institute of Science and Technology on Industrial Biotechnology (INCT-BI), Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Midwest Campus, Divinópolis, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Mariana Campos da Paz
- Bioactives and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Midwest Campus, Divinópolis, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Antônio Ferraz Coelho
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Cordeiro Giunchetti
- Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, National Institute of Science and Technology on Tropical Diseases (INCT-DT), Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Sonia Maria de Freitas
- Biophysics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Miguel Angel Chávez-Fumagalli
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa, 04000, Peru
| | - Ronaldo Alves Pinto Nagem
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Alexsandro Sobreira Galdino
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory, National Institute of Science and Technology on Industrial Biotechnology (INCT-BI), Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Midwest Campus, Divinópolis, 35501-296, Brazil.
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14
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Sun Y, Huang W, Xiang H, Nie J. SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Assays Used in Clinical Trials: A Narrative Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:554. [PMID: 38793805 PMCID: PMC11125816 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the emergence of COVID-19, extensive research efforts have been undertaken to accelerate the development of multiple types of vaccines to combat the pandemic. These include inactivated, recombinant subunit, viral vector, and nucleic acid vaccines. In the development of these diverse vaccines, appropriate methods to assess vaccine immunogenicity are essential in both preclinical and clinical studies. Among the biomarkers used in vaccine evaluation, the neutralizing antibody level serves as a pivotal indicator for assessing vaccine efficacy. Neutralizing antibody detection methods can mainly be classified into three types: the conventional virus neutralization test, pseudovirus neutralization test, and surrogate virus neutralization test. Importantly, standardization of these assays is critical for their application to yield results that are comparable across different laboratories. The development and use of international or regional standards would facilitate assay standardization and facilitate comparisons of the immune responses induced by different vaccines. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the principles, advantages, limitations, and application of different SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assays in vaccine clinical trials. This will provide guidance for the development and evaluation of COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqing Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing 102629, China;
| | - Weijin Huang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing 102629, China;
| | - Hongyu Xiang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
| | - Jianhui Nie
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing 102629, China;
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15
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Rusmil K, Fadlyana E, Girsang RT, Adrizain R, Reza Rahmadi A, Suryadinata H, Dwi Putra MG, Fulendry FP, Nashsyah DT, Utami RK, Zahra Mardiah B, Trisna Windiani IGA, Sugitha Adnyana IGAN, Sukma Pratiwi Murti NL, Agus Somia IK, Utama IMS, Soetjiningsih S, Mutiara ULN, Puspita M. Immunogenicity and Safety of SARS-CoV-2 Protein Subunit Recombinant Vaccine (IndoVac ®) as a Booster Dose against COVID-19 in Indonesian Adults. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:540. [PMID: 38793791 PMCID: PMC11125677 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
According to the WHO target product profile for COVID-19 vaccines, the vaccine in development should be indicated for active immunisation in all populations. Therefore, PT Bio Farma developed a candidate vaccine in a subunit protein recombinant platform to help overcome the issue. This trial was an observer-blind, randomised, prospective intervention study. This study targeted individuals who had received complete primary doses of the authorised/approved COVID-19 vaccine. The groups were divided into the primary inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac®) group, the primary viral vector vaccine (ChAdOx1) group, and the primary mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2) group that received the recombinant protein (IndoVac®). The groups were compared with the control and primary mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2). The participants enrolled in the study were from two primary care centres in Bandung City and three primary care centres in Denpasar City. A total of 696 participants were enrolled from 1 September to 31 October 2022. The demographic characteristics of the all-vaccine group showed a uniform distribution. The results showed that, compared with the control, the investigational product had inferior effectiveness 14 days after the booster dose was administered. However, 28 days after the booster dose, the investigational product exhibited non-inferior effectiveness compared with the primary groups that received CoronaVac® (GMR 0.76 (0.57-0.99)) and ChAdOx1 (GMR 0.72 (0.56-59.93)), but the BNT162b2 group (GMR 0.61 (0.39-0.94)) was inferior to the control. At 12 months follow-up after the booster dose, three serious adverse events (SAEs) were reported in three participants, with causality not correlated with the investigated products. Neither AEs of special interest nor severe COVID-19 cases were reported throughout the follow-up period; thus, the IndoVac® vaccine as a booster was immunogenic and safe. Until the 6-month follow-up after the booster dose, the IndoVac® vaccine was well tolerated and all reported AEs resolved. This vaccine is registered and can be included in the immunisation programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusnandi Rusmil
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; (K.R.); (R.T.G.); (R.A.); (M.G.D.P.); (F.P.F.); (D.T.N.); (R.K.U.); (B.Z.M.)
| | - Eddy Fadlyana
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; (K.R.); (R.T.G.); (R.A.); (M.G.D.P.); (F.P.F.); (D.T.N.); (R.K.U.); (B.Z.M.)
| | - Rodman Tarigan Girsang
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; (K.R.); (R.T.G.); (R.A.); (M.G.D.P.); (F.P.F.); (D.T.N.); (R.K.U.); (B.Z.M.)
| | - Riyadi Adrizain
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; (K.R.); (R.T.G.); (R.A.); (M.G.D.P.); (F.P.F.); (D.T.N.); (R.K.U.); (B.Z.M.)
| | - Andri Reza Rahmadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; (A.R.R.); (H.S.)
| | - Hendarsyah Suryadinata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; (A.R.R.); (H.S.)
| | - Muhammad Gilang Dwi Putra
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; (K.R.); (R.T.G.); (R.A.); (M.G.D.P.); (F.P.F.); (D.T.N.); (R.K.U.); (B.Z.M.)
| | - Frizka Primadewi Fulendry
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; (K.R.); (R.T.G.); (R.A.); (M.G.D.P.); (F.P.F.); (D.T.N.); (R.K.U.); (B.Z.M.)
| | - Dinda Tiaraningrum Nashsyah
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; (K.R.); (R.T.G.); (R.A.); (M.G.D.P.); (F.P.F.); (D.T.N.); (R.K.U.); (B.Z.M.)
| | - Rona Kania Utami
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; (K.R.); (R.T.G.); (R.A.); (M.G.D.P.); (F.P.F.); (D.T.N.); (R.K.U.); (B.Z.M.)
| | - Behesti Zahra Mardiah
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; (K.R.); (R.T.G.); (R.A.); (M.G.D.P.); (F.P.F.); (D.T.N.); (R.K.U.); (B.Z.M.)
| | - I Gusti Ayu Trisna Windiani
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Prof. I.G.N.G Ngoerah Hospital, Denpasar 80114, Indonesia; (I.G.A.T.W.); (I.G.A.N.S.A.); (N.L.S.P.M.); (S.S.)
| | - I Gusti Agung Ngurah Sugitha Adnyana
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Prof. I.G.N.G Ngoerah Hospital, Denpasar 80114, Indonesia; (I.G.A.T.W.); (I.G.A.N.S.A.); (N.L.S.P.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Ni Luh Sukma Pratiwi Murti
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Prof. I.G.N.G Ngoerah Hospital, Denpasar 80114, Indonesia; (I.G.A.T.W.); (I.G.A.N.S.A.); (N.L.S.P.M.); (S.S.)
| | - I Ketut Agus Somia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Prof. I.G.N.G Ngoerah Hospital, Denpasar 80114, Indonesia; (I.K.A.S.); (I.M.S.U.)
| | - I Made Susila Utama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Prof. I.G.N.G Ngoerah Hospital, Denpasar 80114, Indonesia; (I.K.A.S.); (I.M.S.U.)
| | - Soetjiningsih Soetjiningsih
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Prof. I.G.N.G Ngoerah Hospital, Denpasar 80114, Indonesia; (I.G.A.T.W.); (I.G.A.N.S.A.); (N.L.S.P.M.); (S.S.)
| | | | - Mita Puspita
- Global Clinical Development Division, PT Bio Farma, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; (U.L.N.M.); (M.P.)
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Liu Y, Lam DMK, Luan M, Zheng W, Ai H. Recent development of oral vaccines (Review). Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:223. [PMID: 38590568 PMCID: PMC11000446 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral immunization can elicit an effective immune response and immune tolerance to specific antigens. When compared with the traditional injection route, delivering antigens via the gastrointestinal mucosa offers superior immune effects and compliance, as well as simplicity and convenience, making it a more optimal route for immunization. At present, various oral vaccine delivery systems exist. Certain modified bacteria, such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli and particularly Lactobacillus, are considered promising carriers for oral vaccines. These carriers can significantly enhance immunization efficiency by actively replicating in the intestinal tract following oral administration. The present review provided a discussion of the main mechanisms of oral immunity and the research progress made in the field of oral vaccines. Additionally, it introduced the advantages and disadvantages of the currently more commonly administered injectable COVID-19 vaccines, alongside the latest advancements in this area. Furthermore, recent developments in oral vaccines are summarized, and their potential benefits and side effects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Follicular Development and Reproductive Health in Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | | | - Mei Luan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Wenfu Zheng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Hao Ai
- Key Laboratory of Follicular Development and Reproductive Health in Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
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Verma A, Anand A, Patel VA, Nazar MW, Mukherjee A, Karim KA, Oduoye MO, Satapathy P, Rustagi S. Breaking the malaria barrier: the WHO-approved R21/Matrix-M vaccine and its global impact - an editorial. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:1824-1827. [PMID: 38576926 PMCID: PMC10990337 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amogh Verma
- Rama Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Hapur
| | - Ayush Anand
- BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | | | | | - Ankini Mukherjee
- Rampurhat Government Medical College and Hospital, Rampurhat, India
| | | | | | - Prakasini Satapathy
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, AL-Mustaqbal University, Hillah, Babil, Iraq
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Uttarakhand, India
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18
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Zhu C, Pang S, Liu J, Duan Q. Current Progress, Challenges and Prospects in the Development of COVID-19 Vaccines. Drugs 2024; 84:403-423. [PMID: 38652356 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-024-02013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over 772 million confirmed cases, including nearly 7 million deaths, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Leveraging rapid development, accelerated vaccine approval processes, and large-scale production of various COVID-19 vaccines using different technical platforms, the WHO declared an end to the global health emergency of COVID-19 on May 5, 2023. Current COVID-19 vaccines encompass inactivated, live attenuated, viral vector, protein subunit, nucleic acid (DNA and RNA), and virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines. However, the efficacy of these vaccines is diminishing due to the constant mutation of SARS-CoV-2 and the heightened immune evasion abilities of emerging variants. This review examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the biological characteristics of the virus, and its diverse variants. Moreover, the review underscores the effectiveness, advantages, and disadvantages of authorized COVID-19 vaccines. Additionally, it analyzes the challenges, strategies, and future prospects of developing a safe, broad-spectrum vaccine that confers sufficient and sustainable immune protection against new variants of SARS-CoV-2. These discussions not only offer insight for the development of next-generation COVID-19 vaccines but also summarize experiences for combating future emerging viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congrui Zhu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Shengmei Pang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qiangde Duan
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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19
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Shakinah S, Aini MH, Sekartini R, Soedjatmiko, Medise BE, Gunardi H, Yuniar I, Indawati W, Koesnoe S, Harimurti K, Maria S, Wirahmadi A, Sari RM, Setyaningsih L, Surachman F. Immunogenicity Assessment of the SARS-CoV-2 Protein Subunit Recombinant Vaccine (CoV2-IB 0322) in a Substudy of a Phase 3 Trial in Indonesia. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:371. [PMID: 38675753 PMCID: PMC11053672 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is one of the most devastating pandemics of the 21st century. Vaccination is one of the most effective prevention methods in combating COVID-19, and one type of vaccine being developed was the protein subunit recombinant vaccine. We evaluated the efficacy of the CoV2-IB 0322 vaccine in Depok, Indonesia. METHODS This study aimed to assess the humoral and cellular immune response of the CoV2-IB 0322 vaccine compared to an active control vaccine (COVOVAX™ Vaccine). A total of 120 subjects were enrolled and randomized into two groups, with 60 subjects in each group. Participants received either two doses of the CoV2-IB 0322 vaccine or two doses of the control vaccine with a 28-day interval between doses. Safety assessments were conducted through onsite monitoring and participant-reported adverse events. Immunogenicity was evaluated by measuring IgG anti-RBD SARS-CoV-2 and IgG-neutralizing antibodies. Cellular immunity was assessed by specific T-cell responses. Whole blood samples were collected at baseline, 14 days, 6 months, and 12 months after the second dose for cellular immunity evaluation. RESULTS Both vaccines showed high seropositive rates, with neutralizing antibody and IgG titers peaking 14 days after the second dose and declining by 12 months. The seroconversion rate of anti-S IgG was 100% in both groups, but the rate of neutralizing antibody seroconversion was lower in the CoV2-IB 0322 vaccine group at 14 days after the second dose (p = 0.004). The CoV2-IB 0322 vaccine showed higher IgG GMT levels 6 and 12 months after the second dose (p < 0.001 and p = 0.01). T-cell responses, evaluated by IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-4 production by CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, showed similar results without significant differences between both groups, except for %IL-2/CD4+ cells 6 months after the second dose (p = 0.038). CONCLUSION Both vaccines showed comparable B- and T-cell immunological response that diminish over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharifah Shakinah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General National Hospital, Jalan Diponegoro No 71, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia; (S.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Muhammad Hafiz Aini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Jl. Prof. DR. Bahder Djohan, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Rini Sekartini
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General National Hospital, Jalan Diponegoro No 71, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia; (R.S.); (S.); (W.I.)
| | - Soedjatmiko
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General National Hospital, Jalan Diponegoro No 71, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia; (R.S.); (S.); (W.I.)
| | - Bernie Endyarni Medise
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General National Hospital, Jalan Diponegoro No 71, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia; (R.S.); (S.); (W.I.)
| | - Hartono Gunardi
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General National Hospital, Jalan Diponegoro No 71, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia; (R.S.); (S.); (W.I.)
| | - Irene Yuniar
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General National Hospital, Jalan Diponegoro No 71, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia; (R.S.); (S.); (W.I.)
| | - Wahyuni Indawati
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General National Hospital, Jalan Diponegoro No 71, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia; (R.S.); (S.); (W.I.)
| | - Sukamto Koesnoe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General National Hospital, Jalan Diponegoro No 71, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia; (S.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Kuntjoro Harimurti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General National Hospital, Jalan Diponegoro No 71, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia; (S.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Suzy Maria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General National Hospital, Jalan Diponegoro No 71, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia; (S.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Angga Wirahmadi
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General National Hospital, Jalan Diponegoro No 71, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia; (R.S.); (S.); (W.I.)
| | - Rini Mulia Sari
- PT Bio Farma, Jalan Pasteur No. 28, Bandung 40161, Indonesia (L.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Lilis Setyaningsih
- PT Bio Farma, Jalan Pasteur No. 28, Bandung 40161, Indonesia (L.S.); (F.S.)
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20
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An X, Xiang W, Liu X, Li S, Xu Z, He P, Ge RL, Tang F, Cheng Z, Liu C, Liu G. A Bioengineered Nanovesicle Vaccine Boosts T-B cell Interaction for Immunotherapy of Echinococcus multilocularis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319489. [PMID: 38308123 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a zoonotic parasitic disease, resulting from being infected with the metacestode larvae of the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis (E. multilocularis). Novel prophylactic and therapeutic interventions are urgently needed since the current chemotherapy displays limited efficiency in AE treatment. Bioengineered nano cellular membrane vesicles are widely used for displaying the native conformational epitope peptides because of their unique structure and biocompatibility. In this study, four T-cells and four B-cells dominant epitope peptides of E. multilocularis with high immunogenicity were engineered into the Vero cell surface to construct a membrane vesicle nanovaccine for the treatment of AE. The results showed that the nanovesicle vaccine can efficiently activate dendritic cells, induce specific T/B cells to form a mutually activated circuit, and inhibit E. multilocularis infection. This study presents for the first time a nanovaccine strategy that can completely eliminate the burden of E. multilocularis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu An
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221 Xianganan Road, Xiang 'an District, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Biology and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, 4221 Xianganan Road, Xiang 'an District, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, 4221 Xianganan Road, Xiang 'an District, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, R4-A600, Virtual University Park, 19 Gaoxin South Fourth Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen
| | - Wei Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221 Xianganan Road, Xiang 'an District, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221 Xianganan Road, Xiang 'an District, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221 Xianganan Road, Xiang 'an District, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Biology and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, 4221 Xianganan Road, Xiang 'an District, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhijian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, 4221 Xianganan Road, Xiang 'an District, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Pan He
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221 Xianganan Road, Xiang 'an District, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ri-Li Ge
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai Provincial Research Key Laboratory for Hydatid, Qinghai University, 16 Kunlun Road, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Feng Tang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai Provincial Research Key Laboratory for Hydatid, Qinghai University, 16 Kunlun Road, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Zhe Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, 4221 Xianganan Road, Xiang 'an District, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Biology and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, 4221 Xianganan Road, Xiang 'an District, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, R4-A600, Virtual University Park, 19 Gaoxin South Fourth Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221 Xianganan Road, Xiang 'an District, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, 4221 Xianganan Road, Xiang 'an District, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Tandel N, Patel D, Thakkar M, Shah J, Tyagi RK, Dalai SK. Poly(I:C) and R848 ligands show better adjuvanticity to induce B and T cell responses against the antigen(s). Heliyon 2024; 10:e26887. [PMID: 38455541 PMCID: PMC10918150 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly(I:C) and R848, synthetic ligands that activate Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and TLR7/8 respectively, have been well-established for their ability to stimulate the immune system and induce antigen-specific immune responses. These ligands are capable of inducing the production of cytokines and chemokines, and hence support the activation and differentiation of B and T cells. We saw the long-lasting and perdurable immune responses by these adjuvants essentially required for an efficacious subunit vaccine. In this study, we investigated the potential of poly(I:C) and R848 to elicit B and T cell responses to the OVA antigen. We assessed the stimulatory effects of these ligands on the immune system, their impact on B and T cell activation, and their ability to enhanced generation of B and T cells. Collectively, our findings contribute to the understanding how poly(I:C) and R848 can be utilized as an adjuvant system to enhance immune responses to protein-based subunit vaccines. In the end, this work provides insights for the development of novel vaccination strategies and improving the vaccine efficacy. Present work shall help formulate newer strategies for subunit vaccines to address the infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikunj Tandel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, SG highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Digna Patel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, SG highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Mansi Thakkar
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, SG highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Jagrut Shah
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, SG highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajeev K. Tyagi
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Biomedical Parasitology and Translational-immunology Lab, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sarat K. Dalai
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, SG highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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22
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Wong MTJ, Anuar NS, Noordin R, Tye GJ. Generation of IgG antibodies against Strongyloides stercoralis in mice via immunization with recombinant antigens A133 and Ss-IR. Acta Trop 2024; 251:107122. [PMID: 38246399 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Strongyloidiasis, caused by the nematode Strongyloides stercoralis, remains a threat to global public health, and a vaccine would be useful to control the disease, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of recombinant proteins, A133 and Ss-IR, as potential vaccine candidates against strongyloidiasis by investigating the humoral and cellular immune responses in immunized mice. Respective antigens were adjuvanted with Complete Freund's Adjuvant (prime) and Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant (boost) and administered intraperitoneally (prime) and subcutaneously (boost) to female BALB/c mice. For antigen-only doses, only antigens were injected without adjuvants. Altogether, 1 prime dose, 4 booster doses, and 2 antigen-only doses were administered successively. ELISAs were conducted to assess the antibody responses, along with flow cytometry and cytokine ELISA to elucidate the cellular immune responses. Results showed that A133 and Ss-IR induced the production of IgG1 and IgG2a, with A133 generating more robust IgG2a responses than Ss-IR. Flow cytometry findings indicated that effector CD8+T-cells and memory B-cells activity were upregulated significantly for A133 only, whereas cytokine ELISA demonstrated that a Th1/Th2/Th17 mixed cell responses were triggered upon vaccination with either antigen. This preliminary study illustrated the good potential of recombinant A133 and Ss-IR as vaccine candidates against S. stercoralis. It provided information on the probable immune mechanism involved in host defence and the elicitation of protection against S. stercoralis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Tze Jian Wong
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Nor Suhada Anuar
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Rahmah Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gee Jun Tye
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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23
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Debessai H, Jones JM, Meaney-Delman D, Rasmussen SA. What U.S. Obstetricians Need to Know About Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Obstet Gynecol 2024; 143:e54-e62. [PMID: 38061043 PMCID: PMC11164561 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000005492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in neonates, infants, and children worldwide. The virus is estimated to infect 97% of this population in the United States by the age of 2 years, leading to hospitalization for severe lower respiratory tract disease in 2-3% of infants younger than age 6 months. Two preventive options, prenatal administration of a maternal vaccine and administration of a long-acting monoclonal antibody to the infant, are now available for the prevention of RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infection in infants in the United States. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has recommended a new maternal vaccination, RSVPreF, to be administered between 32 0/7 and 36 6/7 weeks of gestation to reduce the risk of RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infection in infants in the first 6 months of life. The monoclonal antibody nirsevimab was approved by the FDA and recommended by the CDC for prevention of RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infection in infants younger than age 8 months who are born during or entering their first RSV season and for infants and children aged 8-19 months who are at high risk for RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infection and entering their second RSV season. Either maternal vaccination during pregnancy or monoclonal antibody administration to the infant is recommended to prevent RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infection among infants, but both are not needed for most infants. Given that the availability of these products may vary as these recommendations are implemented, it is important that obstetricians and other prenatal practitioners have the information they need to counsel their pregnant patients about both options. We review the safety and efficacy of these products, current recommendations for their use, and relative advantages and disadvantages of both newly approved options for the prevention of RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infection in infants to assist obstetricians and other prenatal practitioners in their counseling of pregnant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haben Debessai
- CDC Foundation, the National Center on Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, and the National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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24
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Wu X, Xu K, Zhan P, Liu H, Zhang F, Song Y, Lv T. Comparative efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines in phase III trials: a network meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:234. [PMID: 38383356 PMCID: PMC10880292 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08754-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over a dozen vaccines are in or have completed phase III trials at an unprecedented speed since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic. In this review, we aimed to compare and rank these vaccines indirectly in terms of efficacy and safety using a network meta-analysis. METHODS We searched Embase, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library for phase III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from their inception to September 30, 2023. Two investigators independently selected articles, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. Outcomes included efficacy in preventing symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the incidence of serious adverse events (SAEs) according to vaccine type and individual vaccines in adults and elderly individuals. The risk ratio and mean differences were calculated with 95% confidence intervals using a Bayesian network meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 25 RCTs involving 22 vaccines were included in the study. None of vaccines had a higher incidence of SAEs than the placebo. Inactivated virus vaccines might be the safest, with a surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) value of 0.16. BIV1-CovIran showed the highest safety index (SUCRA value: 0.13), followed by BBV152, Soberana, Gam-COVID-Vac, and ZF2001. There were no significant differences among the various types of vaccines regarding the efficacy in preventing symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, although there was a trend toward higher efficacy of the mRNA vaccines (SUCRA value: 0.09). BNT162b2 showed the highest efficacy (SUCRA value: 0.02) among the individual vaccines, followed by mRNA-1273, Abdala, Gam-COVID-Vac, and NVX-CoV2373. BNT162b2 had the highest efficacy (SUCRA value: 0.08) in the elderly population, whereas CVnCoV, CoVLP + AS03, and CoronaVac were not significantly different from the placebo. CONCLUSIONS None of the different types of vaccines were significantly superior in terms of efficacy, while mRNA vaccines were significantly inferior in safety to other types. BNT162b2 had the highest efficacy in preventing symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in adults and the elderly, whereas BIV1-CovIran had the lowest incidence of SAEs in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Wu
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Ping Zhan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Yong Song
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China.
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China.
| | - Tangfeng Lv
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China.
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China.
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Mohite P, Yadav V, Pandhare R, Maitra S, Saleh FM, Saleem RM, Al-malky HS, Kumarasamy V, Subramaniyan V, Abdel-Daim MM, Uti DE. Revolutionizing Cancer Treatment: Unleashing the Power of Viral Vaccines, Monoclonal Antibodies, and Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras in the New Era of Immunotherapy. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:7277-7295. [PMID: 38405458 PMCID: PMC10882662 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
In the realm of cancer immunotherapy, a profound evolution has ushered in sophisticated strategies that encompass both traditional cancer vaccines and emerging viral vaccines. This comprehensive Review offers an in-depth exploration of the methodologies, clinical applications, success stories, and future prospects of these approaches. Traditional cancer vaccines have undergone significant advancements utilizing diverse modalities such as proteins, peptides, and dendritic cells. More recent innovations have focused on the physiological mechanisms enabling the human body to recognize and combat precancerous and malignant cells, introducing specific markers like peptide-based anticancer vaccines targeting tumor-associated antigens. Moreover, cancer viral vaccines, leveraging engineered viruses to stimulate immune responses against specific antigens, exhibit substantial promise in inducing robust and enduring immunity. Integration with complementary therapeutic methods, including monoclonal antibodies, adjuvants, and radiation therapy, has not only improved survival rates but also deepened our understanding of viral virulence. Recent strides in vaccine design, encompassing oncolytic viruses, virus-like particles, and viral vectors, mark the frontier of innovation. While these advances hold immense potential, critical challenges must be addressed, such as strategies for immune evasion, potential off-target effects, and the optimization of viral genomes. In the landscape of immunotherapy, noteworthy innovations take the spotlight from the use of immunomodulatory agents for the enhancement of innate and adaptive immune collaboration. The emergence of proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) as precision tools for cancer therapy is particularly exciting. With a focus on various cancers, from melanoma to formidable solid tumors, this Review critically assesses types of cancer vaccines, mechanisms, barriers in vaccine therapy, vaccine efficacy, safety profiles, and immune-related adverse events, providing a nuanced perspective on the underlying mechanisms involving cytotoxic T cells, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells. The Review also underscores the transformative potential of cutting-edge technologies such as clinical studies, molecular sequencing, and artificial intelligence in advancing the field of cancer vaccines. These tools not only expedite progress but also emphasize the multidimensional and rapidly evolving nature of this research, affirming its profound significance in the broader context of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Popat Mohite
- AETs
St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar, Maharashtra 401404, India
| | - Vaishnavi Yadav
- AETs
St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar, Maharashtra 401404, India
| | - Ramdas Pandhare
- MESs
College of Pharmacy, Sonai Tal-Newasa, Maharashtra 414105, India
| | - Swastika Maitra
- Center
for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India
- Department
of Microbiology, Adamas University, Kolkata 700 126, West Bengal, India
| | - Fayez M. Saleh
- Department
of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Mohammed Saleem
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha 65431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamdan S. Al-malky
- Regional
Drug Information Center, Ministry of Health, Jeddah 11176, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vinoth Kumarasamy
- Department
of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Pharmacology
Unit, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar
Sunway, 47500 Selangor
Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Center
for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Savetha
Dental College, Savetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Savetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077, India
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box
6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology
Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Daniel E. Uti
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Federal University of Health Sciences, Otukpo, Benue State 970001, Nigeria
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Bui NL, Chu DT. An introduction to RNA therapeutics and their potentials. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 203:1-12. [PMID: 38359993 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
RNA therapeutics is a biological term regarding the usage of RNA-based molecules for medical purposes. Thanks to the success of mRNA-vaccine production against COVID-19, RNA therapeutics has gained more and more attention and investigation from worldwide scientists. It is considered as one of the promising alternatives for conventional drugs. In this first chapter, we presented an overview of the history and perspectives of RNA therapeutics' development. This chapter also explained the underlying mechanisms of different RNA-based molecules, including antisense oligonucleotide, interfering RNA (iRNA), aptamer, and mRNA, from degrading mRNA to inactivating targeted protein. Although there are many advantages of RNA therapeutics, its challenges in designing RNA chemical structure and the delivery vehicle need to be discussed. We described advanced technologies in the development of drug delivery systems that are positively correlated to the efficacy of the drug. Our aim is to provide a general background of RNA therapeutics to the audience before introducing plenty of more detailed parts, including clinical applications in certain diseases in the following chapters of the "RNA therapeutics" book.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhat-Le Bui
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dinh-Toi Chu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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27
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Sun B, Li M, Yao Z, Yu G, Ma Y. Advances in Vaccine Adjuvants: Nanomaterials and Small Molecules. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024; 284:113-132. [PMID: 37059911 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvants have been extensively and essentially formulated in subunits and certain inactivated vaccines for enhancing and prolonging protective immunity against infections and diseases. According to the types of infectious diseases and the required immunity, adjuvants with various acting mechanisms have been designed and applied in human vaccines. In this chapter, we introduce the advances in vaccine adjuvants based on nanomaterials and small molecules. By reviewing the immune mechanisms induced by adjuvants with different characteristics, we aim to establish structure-activity relationships between the physicochemical properties of adjuvants and their immunostimulating capability for the development of adjuvants for more effective preventative and therapeutic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Zhiying Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Ge Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yubin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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Yan W, Yu W, Shen L, Xiao L, Qi J, Hu T. A SARS-CoV-2 nanoparticle vaccine based on chemical conjugation of loxoribine and SpyCatcher/SpyTag. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127159. [PMID: 37778577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a particularly transmissible virus that renders the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic and global severe respiratory distress syndrome. Protein-based vaccines hold great advantages to build the herd immunity for their specificity, effectiveness, and safety. Receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 is an appealing antigen for vaccine development. However, adjuvants and delivery system are necessitated to enhance the immunogenicity of RBD. In the present study, RBD was chemically conjugated with loxoribine and SpyCatcher/SpyTag, followed by assembly to form a nanoparticle vaccine. Loxoribine (a TLR7/8 agonist) acted as an adjuvant, and nanoparticles functioned as delivery system for the antigen and the adjuvant. The nanoparticle vaccine elicited high RBD-specific antibody titers, high neutralizing antibody titer, and strong ACE2-blocking activity. It stimulated high splenic levels of Th1-type cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-2) and Th2-type cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5) in BALB/c mice. It promoted the splenocyte proliferation, enhanced the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell percentage and stimulated the maturation of dendritic cells. The vaccine did not render apparent toxicity to the organs of mice. Thus, the nanoparticle vaccine was of potential to act as a preliminarily safe and effective candidate against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Weili Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lijuan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lucheng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jinming Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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29
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Liu S, Hu M, Liu X, Liu X, Chen T, Zhu Y, Liang T, Xiao S, Li P, Ma X. Nanoparticles and Antiviral Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 12:30. [PMID: 38250843 PMCID: PMC10819235 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses have threatened human lives for decades, causing both chronic and acute infections accompanied by mild to severe symptoms. During the long journey of confrontation, humans have developed intricate immune systems to combat viral infections. In parallel, vaccines are invented and administrated to induce strong protective immunity while generating few adverse effects. With advancements in biochemistry and biophysics, different kinds of vaccines in versatile forms have been utilized to prevent virus infections, although the safety and effectiveness of these vaccines are diverse from each other. In this review, we first listed and described major pathogenic viruses and their pandemics that emerged in the past two centuries. Furthermore, we summarized the distinctive characteristics of different antiviral vaccines and adjuvants. Subsequently, in the main body, we reviewed recent advances of nanoparticles in the development of next-generation vaccines against influenza viruses, coronaviruses, HIV, hepatitis viruses, and many others. Specifically, we described applications of self-assembling protein polymers, virus-like particles, nano-carriers, and nano-adjuvants in antiviral vaccines. We also discussed the therapeutic potential of nanoparticles in developing safe and effective mucosal vaccines. Nanoparticle techniques could be promising platforms for developing broad-spectrum, preventive, or therapeutic antiviral vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Liu
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou 510005, China; (S.L.); (M.H.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (T.C.); (Y.Z.); (T.L.); (S.X.); (P.L.)
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Meilin Hu
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou 510005, China; (S.L.); (M.H.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (T.C.); (Y.Z.); (T.L.); (S.X.); (P.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou 510005, China; (S.L.); (M.H.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (T.C.); (Y.Z.); (T.L.); (S.X.); (P.L.)
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou 510005, China; (S.L.); (M.H.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (T.C.); (Y.Z.); (T.L.); (S.X.); (P.L.)
| | - Tao Chen
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou 510005, China; (S.L.); (M.H.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (T.C.); (Y.Z.); (T.L.); (S.X.); (P.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Yiqiang Zhu
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou 510005, China; (S.L.); (M.H.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (T.C.); (Y.Z.); (T.L.); (S.X.); (P.L.)
| | - Taizhen Liang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou 510005, China; (S.L.); (M.H.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (T.C.); (Y.Z.); (T.L.); (S.X.); (P.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Shiqi Xiao
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou 510005, China; (S.L.); (M.H.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (T.C.); (Y.Z.); (T.L.); (S.X.); (P.L.)
| | - Peiwen Li
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou 510005, China; (S.L.); (M.H.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (T.C.); (Y.Z.); (T.L.); (S.X.); (P.L.)
| | - Xiancai Ma
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou 510005, China; (S.L.); (M.H.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (T.C.); (Y.Z.); (T.L.); (S.X.); (P.L.)
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511400, China
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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30
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Mosqueda J, Hernández-Silva DJ, Vega-López MA, Vega-Rojas LJ, Beltrán R, Velasco-Elizondo A, Ramírez-Estudillo MDC, Fragoso-Saavedra M, Pérez-Almeida C, Hernández J, Melgoza-González EA, Hinojosa-Trujillo D, Mercado-Uriostegui MÁ, Mejía-López AS, Rivera-Ballesteros C, García-Gasca T. Evaluation of the humoral and mucosal immune response of a multiepitope vaccine against COVID-19 in pigs. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1276950. [PMID: 38179057 PMCID: PMC10765521 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1276950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study evaluated the immune response to a multiepitope recombinant chimeric protein (CHIVAX) containing B- and T-cell epitopes of the SARS-CoV-2 spike's receptor binding domain (RBD) in a translational porcine model for pre-clinical studies. Methods We generated a multiepitope recombinant protein engineered to include six coding conserved epitopes from the RBD domain of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein. Pigs were divided into groups and immunized with different doses of the protein, with serum samples collected over time to determine antibody responses by indirect ELISA and antibody titration. Peptide recognition was also analyzed by Western blotting. A surrogate neutralization assay with recombinant ACE2 and RBDs was performed. Intranasal doses of the immunogen were also prepared and tested on Vietnamese minipigs. Results When the immunogen was administered subcutaneously, it induced specific IgG antibodies in pigs, and higher doses correlated with higher antibody levels. Antibodies from immunized pigs recognized individual peptides in the multiepitope vaccine and inhibited RBD-ACE2 binding for five variants of concern (VOC). Comparative antigen delivery methods showed that both, subcutaneous and combined subcutaneous/intranasal approaches, induced specific IgG and IgA antibodies, with the subcutaneous approach having superior neutralizing activity. CHIVAX elicited systemic immunity, evidenced by specific IgG antibodies in the serum, and local mucosal immunity, indicated by IgA antibodies in saliva, nasal, and bronchoalveolar lavage secretions. Importantly, these antibodies demonstrated neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Discussion The elicited antibodies recognized individual epitopes on the chimeric protein and demonstrated the capacity to block RBD-ACE2 binding of the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain and four VOCs. The findings provide proof of concept for using multiepitope recombinant antigens and a combined immunization protocol to induce a neutralizing immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in the pig translational model for preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Mosqueda
- Immunology and Vaccines Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Carretera a Chichimequillas, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Diego Josimar Hernández-Silva
- Immunology and Vaccines Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Carretera a Chichimequillas, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Vega-López
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV) del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio de Inmunobiología de las Mucosas, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Lineth J. Vega-Rojas
- Immunology and Vaccines Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Carretera a Chichimequillas, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Rolando Beltrán
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Andrés Velasco-Elizondo
- Immunology and Vaccines Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Carretera a Chichimequillas, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - María del Carmen Ramírez-Estudillo
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV) del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio de Inmunobiología de las Mucosas, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Mario Fragoso-Saavedra
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV) del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio de Inmunobiología de las Mucosas, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Chyntia Pérez-Almeida
- Immunology and Vaccines Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Carretera a Chichimequillas, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Jesús Hernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Edgar A. Melgoza-González
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Diana Hinojosa-Trujillo
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Mercado-Uriostegui
- Immunology and Vaccines Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Carretera a Chichimequillas, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Alma Susana Mejía-López
- Immunology and Vaccines Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Carretera a Chichimequillas, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Carlos Rivera-Ballesteros
- Immunology and Vaccines Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Carretera a Chichimequillas, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Teresa García-Gasca
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
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Lee IJ, Lan YH, Wu PY, Wu YW, Chen YH, Tseng SC, Kuo TJ, Sun CP, Jan JT, Ma HH, Liao CC, Liang JJ, Ko HY, Chang CS, Liu WC, Ko YA, Chen YH, Sie ZL, Tsung SI, Lin YL, Wang IH, Tao MH. A receptor-binding domain-based nanoparticle vaccine elicits durable neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2149353. [PMID: 36395071 PMCID: PMC9793938 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2149353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Numerous vaccines have been developed to address the current COVID-19 pandemic, but safety, cross-neutralizing efficacy, and long-term protectivity of currently approved vaccines are still important issues. In this study, we developed a subunit vaccine, ASD254, by using a nanoparticle vaccine platform to encapsulate the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein. As compared with the aluminum-adjuvant RBD vaccine, ASD254 induced higher titers of RBD-specific antibodies and generated 10- to 30-fold more neutralizing antibodies. Mice vaccinated with ASD254 showed protective immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 challenge, with undetectable infectious viral loads and reduced typical lesions in lung. Besides, neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated mice lasted for at least one year and were effective against various SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, including B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), P.1 (Gamma), B.1.617.2 (Delta), and B.1.1.529 (Omicron). Furthermore, particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta-potential of ASD254 remained stable after 8-month storage at 4°C. Thus, ASD254 is a promising nanoparticle vaccine with good immunogenicity and stability to be developed as an effective vaccine option in controlling upcoming waves of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Jung Lee
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hua Lan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yi Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Wei Wu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hung Chen
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Che Tseng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jiun Kuo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Pu Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Hua Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Che Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Jong Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ying Ko
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Shin Chang
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chun Liu
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Ko
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hui Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zong-Lin Sie
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-I Tsung
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan,Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsuan Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mi-Hua Tao
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan,Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Mi-Hua Tao Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei115, Taiwan
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32
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Li Y, Gao H, Nepovimova E, Wu Q, Adam V, Kuca K. Recombinant ferritins for multimodal nanomedicine. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2219868. [PMID: 37263586 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2219868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In all living organisms, ferritins are a group of proteins important for maintaining iron homeostasis. Increasing amount of studies has shown that recombinant ferritins can be widely used in multimodal nanomedicine, especially for anticancer treatment and vaccination. Recombinant particles prepared by fusing viral proteins and ferritin subunits produce a better immune response and higher antibody titres. Moreover, actively-targeted ferritin nanoparticles can recognise receptors and deliver natural or chemical drugs specifically to the tumour tissue. In addition, ferritin-linked or loaded with contrast agents or fluorescent dyes can be used as multimodal particles useful cancer theranostics. In this review, we fully summarised the unitisation of recombinant ferritins in multimodal nanomedicine. The research progress of using recombinant ferritins as nanovaccines, nanozymes, and bioengineered nanocarriers for targeted therapy and bioimaging is emphasised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Li
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Haoyu Gao
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Honda-Okubo Y, Bowen R, Barker M, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Petrovsky N. Advax-CpG55.2-adjuvanted monovalent or trivalent SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein vaccine protects hamsters against heterologous infection with Beta or Delta variants. Vaccine 2023; 41:7116-7128. [PMID: 37863669 PMCID: PMC10873063 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants emphasizes the need for vaccines providing broad cross-protective immunity. This study was undertaken to assess the ability of Advax-CpG55.2 adjuvanted monovalent recombinant spike protein (Wuhan, Beta, Gamma) vaccines or a trivalent formulation to protect hamsters againstBeta or Delta virus infection. The ability of vaccines to block virus transmission to naïve co-housed animals was also assessed. In naïve hosts, the Beta variant induced higher virus loads than the Delta variant, and conversely the Delta variant caused more severe disease and was more likely to be associated with virus transmission. The trivalent vaccine formulation provided the best protection against both Beta and Delta infection and also completely prevented virus transmission. The next best performing vaccine was the original monovalent Wuhan-based vaccine. Notably, hamsters that received the monovalent Gamma spike vaccine had the highest viral loads and clinical disease of all the vaccine groups, a potential signal of antibody dependent-enhancement (ADE). These hamsters were also the most likely to transmit Delta virus to naïve recipients. In murine studies, the Gamma spike vaccine induced the highest total spike protein to RBD IgG ratio and the lowest levels of neutralizing antibody, a context that could predispose to ADE. Overall, the study results confirmed that the current SpikoGen® vaccine based on Wuhan spike protein was still able to protect against clinical disease caused by either the Beta or Delta virus variants but suggested additional protection may be obtained by combining it with extra variant spike proteins to make a multivalent formulation. This study highlights the complexity of optimizing vaccine protection against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants and stresses the need to continue to pursue new and improved COVID-19 vaccines able to provide robust, long-lasting, and broadly cross-protective immunity against constantly evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Honda-Okubo
- Vaxine Pty Ltd., Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Richard Bowen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Mckinzee Barker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia
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Serna N, López-Laguna H, Aceituno P, Rojas-Peña M, Parladé E, Voltà-Durán E, Martínez-Torró C, Sánchez JM, Di Somma A, Carratalá JV, Livieri AL, Ferrer-Miralles N, Vázquez E, Unzueta U, Roher N, Villaverde A. Efficient Delivery of Antimicrobial Peptides in an Innovative, Slow-Release Pharmacological Formulation. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2632. [PMID: 38004610 PMCID: PMC10674355 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Both nanostructure and multivalency enhance the biological activities of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), whose mechanism of action is cooperative. In addition, the efficacy of a particular AMP should benefit from a steady concentration at the local place of action and, therefore, from a slow release after a dynamic repository. In the context of emerging multi-resistant bacterial infections and the urgent need for novel and effective antimicrobial drugs, we tested these concepts through the engineering of four AMPs into supramolecular complexes as pharmacological entities. For that purpose, GWH1, T22, Pt5, and PaD, produced as GFP or human nidogen-based His-tagged fusion proteins, were engineered as self-assembling oligomeric nanoparticles ranging from 10 to 70 nm and further packaged into nanoparticle-leaking submicron granules. Since these materials slowly release functional nanoparticles during their time-sustained unpacking, they are suitable for use as drug depots in vivo. In this context, a particular AMP version (GWH1-NIDO-H6) was selected for in vivo validation in a zebrafish model of a complex bacterial infection. The GWH1-NIDO-H6-secreting protein granules are protective in zebrafish against infection by the multi-resistant bacterium Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, proving the potential of innovative formulations based on nanostructured and slowly released recombinant AMPs in the fight against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naroa Serna
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (N.S.); (P.A.); (M.R.-P.); (E.P.); (E.V.-D.); (C.M.-T.); (J.M.S.); (A.D.S.); (J.V.C.); (A.L.L.); (N.F.-M.); (E.V.); (N.R.)
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hèctor López-Laguna
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (N.S.); (P.A.); (M.R.-P.); (E.P.); (E.V.-D.); (C.M.-T.); (J.M.S.); (A.D.S.); (J.V.C.); (A.L.L.); (N.F.-M.); (E.V.); (N.R.)
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Aceituno
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (N.S.); (P.A.); (M.R.-P.); (E.P.); (E.V.-D.); (C.M.-T.); (J.M.S.); (A.D.S.); (J.V.C.); (A.L.L.); (N.F.-M.); (E.V.); (N.R.)
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia Animal i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mauricio Rojas-Peña
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (N.S.); (P.A.); (M.R.-P.); (E.P.); (E.V.-D.); (C.M.-T.); (J.M.S.); (A.D.S.); (J.V.C.); (A.L.L.); (N.F.-M.); (E.V.); (N.R.)
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia Animal i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eloi Parladé
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (N.S.); (P.A.); (M.R.-P.); (E.P.); (E.V.-D.); (C.M.-T.); (J.M.S.); (A.D.S.); (J.V.C.); (A.L.L.); (N.F.-M.); (E.V.); (N.R.)
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eric Voltà-Durán
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (N.S.); (P.A.); (M.R.-P.); (E.P.); (E.V.-D.); (C.M.-T.); (J.M.S.); (A.D.S.); (J.V.C.); (A.L.L.); (N.F.-M.); (E.V.); (N.R.)
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Martínez-Torró
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (N.S.); (P.A.); (M.R.-P.); (E.P.); (E.V.-D.); (C.M.-T.); (J.M.S.); (A.D.S.); (J.V.C.); (A.L.L.); (N.F.-M.); (E.V.); (N.R.)
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julieta M. Sánchez
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (N.S.); (P.A.); (M.R.-P.); (E.P.); (E.V.-D.); (C.M.-T.); (J.M.S.); (A.D.S.); (J.V.C.); (A.L.L.); (N.F.-M.); (E.V.); (N.R.)
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT), (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), ICTA, FCEFyN, UNC. Av. Velez Sarsfield 1611, Córdoba X 5016GCA, Argentina
| | - Angela Di Somma
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (N.S.); (P.A.); (M.R.-P.); (E.P.); (E.V.-D.); (C.M.-T.); (J.M.S.); (A.D.S.); (J.V.C.); (A.L.L.); (N.F.-M.); (E.V.); (N.R.)
| | - Jose Vicente Carratalá
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (N.S.); (P.A.); (M.R.-P.); (E.P.); (E.V.-D.); (C.M.-T.); (J.M.S.); (A.D.S.); (J.V.C.); (A.L.L.); (N.F.-M.); (E.V.); (N.R.)
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea L. Livieri
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (N.S.); (P.A.); (M.R.-P.); (E.P.); (E.V.-D.); (C.M.-T.); (J.M.S.); (A.D.S.); (J.V.C.); (A.L.L.); (N.F.-M.); (E.V.); (N.R.)
| | - Neus Ferrer-Miralles
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (N.S.); (P.A.); (M.R.-P.); (E.P.); (E.V.-D.); (C.M.-T.); (J.M.S.); (A.D.S.); (J.V.C.); (A.L.L.); (N.F.-M.); (E.V.); (N.R.)
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Vázquez
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (N.S.); (P.A.); (M.R.-P.); (E.P.); (E.V.-D.); (C.M.-T.); (J.M.S.); (A.D.S.); (J.V.C.); (A.L.L.); (N.F.-M.); (E.V.); (N.R.)
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ugutz Unzueta
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nerea Roher
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (N.S.); (P.A.); (M.R.-P.); (E.P.); (E.V.-D.); (C.M.-T.); (J.M.S.); (A.D.S.); (J.V.C.); (A.L.L.); (N.F.-M.); (E.V.); (N.R.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia Animal i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (N.S.); (P.A.); (M.R.-P.); (E.P.); (E.V.-D.); (C.M.-T.); (J.M.S.); (A.D.S.); (J.V.C.); (A.L.L.); (N.F.-M.); (E.V.); (N.R.)
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Barcelona, Spain
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Kumru OS, Sanyal M, Friedland N, Hickey JM, Joshi R, Weidenbacher P, Do J, Cheng YC, Kim PS, Joshi SB, Volkin DB. Formulation development and comparability studies with an aluminum-salt adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 spike ferritin nanoparticle vaccine antigen produced from two different cell lines. Vaccine 2023; 41:6502-6513. [PMID: 37620203 PMCID: PMC11181998 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The development of safe and effective second-generation COVID-19 vaccines to improve affordability and storage stability requirements remains a high priority to expand global coverage. In this report, we describe formulation development and comparability studies with a self-assembled SARS-CoV-2 spike ferritin nanoparticle vaccine antigen (called DCFHP), when produced in two different cell lines and formulated with an aluminum-salt adjuvant (Alhydrogel, AH). Varying levels of phosphate buffer altered the extent and strength of antigen-adjuvant interactions, and these formulations were evaluated for their (1) in vivo performance in mice and (2) in vitro stability profiles. Unadjuvanted DCFHP produced minimal immune responses while AH-adjuvanted formulations elicited greatly enhanced pseudovirus neutralization titers independent of ∼100%, ∼40% or ∼10% of the DCFHP antigen adsorbed to AH. These formulations differed, however, in their in vitro stability properties as determined by biophysical studies and a competitive ELISA for measuring ACE2 receptor binding of AH-bound antigen. Interestingly, after one month of 4°C storage, small increases in antigenicity with concomitant decreases in the ability to desorb the antigen from the AH were observed. Finally, we performed a comparability assessment of DCFHP antigen produced in Expi293 and CHO cells, which displayed expected differences in their N-linked oligosaccharide profiles. Despite consisting of different DCFHP glycoforms, these two preparations were highly similar in their key quality attributes including molecular size, structural integrity, conformational stability, binding to ACE2 receptor and mouse immunogenicity profiles. Taken together, these studies support future preclinical and clinical development of an AH-adjuvanted DCFHP vaccine candidate produced in CHO cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozan S Kumru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Mrinmoy Sanyal
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Natalia Friedland
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - John M Hickey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Richa Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Payton Weidenbacher
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jonathan Do
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ya-Chen Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Peter S Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA.
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Nagar G, Jain S, Rajurkar M, Lothe R, Rao H, Majumdar S, Gautam M, Rodriguez-Aponte SA, Crowell LE, Love JC, Dandekar P, Puranik A, Gairola S, Shaligram U, Jain R. Large-Scale Purification and Characterization of Recombinant Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Expressed in Yeast. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1602. [PMID: 37897004 PMCID: PMC10610970 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is an essential component of numerous protein-based vaccines for COVID-19. The receptor-binding domain of this spike protein is a promising antigen with ease of expression in microbial hosts and scalability at comparatively low production costs. This study describes the production, purification, and characterization of RBD of SARS-CoV-2 protein, which is currently in clinical trials, from a commercialization perspective. The protein was expressed in Pichia pastoris in a large-scale bioreactor of 1200 L capacity. Protein capture and purification are conducted through mixed-mode chromatography followed by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. This two-step purification process produced RBD with an overall productivity of ~21 mg/L at >99% purity. The protein's primary, secondary, and tertiary structures were also verified using LCMS-based peptide mapping, circular dichroism, and fluorescence spectroscopy, respectively. The glycoprotein was further characterized for quality attributes such as glycosylation, molecular weight, purity, di-sulfide bonding, etc. Through structural analysis, it was confirmed that the product maintained a consistent quality across different batches during the large-scale production process. The binding capacity of RBD of spike protein was also assessed using human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor. A low binding constant range of KD values, ranging between 3.63 × 10-8 to 6.67 × 10-8, demonstrated a high affinity for the ACE2 receptor, revealing this protein as a promising candidate to prevent the entry of COVID-19 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Nagar
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Hadapsar, Pune 411028, India; (G.N.); (S.G.)
| | - Siddharth Jain
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Hadapsar, Pune 411028, India; (G.N.); (S.G.)
| | - Meghraj Rajurkar
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Hadapsar, Pune 411028, India; (G.N.); (S.G.)
| | - Rakesh Lothe
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Hadapsar, Pune 411028, India; (G.N.); (S.G.)
| | - Harish Rao
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Hadapsar, Pune 411028, India; (G.N.); (S.G.)
| | - Sourav Majumdar
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Hadapsar, Pune 411028, India; (G.N.); (S.G.)
| | - Manish Gautam
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Hadapsar, Pune 411028, India; (G.N.); (S.G.)
| | - Sergio A. Rodriguez-Aponte
- Department of Biological Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
| | - Laura E. Crowell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (L.E.C.); (J.C.L.)
| | - J. Christopher Love
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (L.E.C.); (J.C.L.)
| | - Prajakta Dandekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India;
| | - Amita Puranik
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Sunil Gairola
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Hadapsar, Pune 411028, India; (G.N.); (S.G.)
| | - Umesh Shaligram
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Hadapsar, Pune 411028, India; (G.N.); (S.G.)
| | - Ratnesh Jain
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
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37
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Lam JY, Wong WM, Yuen CK, Ng YY, San CH, Yuen KY, Kok KH. An RNA-Scaffold Protein Subunit Vaccine for Nasal Immunization. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1550. [PMID: 37896953 PMCID: PMC10610892 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing recombinant proteins as nasal vaccines for inducing systemic and mucosal immunity against respiratory viruses is promising. However, additional adjuvants are required to overcome the low immunogenicity of protein antigens. Here, a self-adjuvanted protein-RNA ribonucleoprotein vaccine was developed and found to be an effective nasal vaccine in mice and the SARS-CoV-2 infection model. The vaccine consisted of spike RBD (as an antigen), nucleoprotein (as an adaptor), and ssRNA (as an adjuvant and RNA scaffold). This combination robustly induced mucosal IgA, neutralizing antibodies and activated multifunctional T-cells, while also providing sterilizing immunity against live virus challenge. In addition, high-resolution scRNA-seq analysis highlighted airway-resident immune cells profile during prime-boost immunization. The vaccine also possesses modularity (antigen/adaptor/RNA scaffold) and can be made to target other viruses. This protein-RNA ribonucleoprotein vaccine is a novel and promising approach for developing safe and potent nasal vaccines to combat respiratory virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy-Yan Lam
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wan-Man Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Kit Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yau-Yee Ng
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Hin San
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin-Hang Kok
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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38
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Ahmadi N, Aghasadeghi M, Hamidi-Fard M, Motevalli F, Bahramali G. Reverse Vaccinology and Immunoinformatic Approach for Designing a Bivalent Vaccine Candidate Against Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B Viruses. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00867-z. [PMID: 37715882 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00867-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis A and B are two crucial viral infections that still dramatically affect public health worldwide. Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) is the main cause of acute hepatitis, whereas Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) leads to the chronic form of the disease, possibly cirrhosis or liver failure. Therefore, vaccination has always been considered the most effective preventive method against pathogens. At this moment, we aimed at the immunoinformatic analysis of HAV-Viral Protein 1 (VP1) as the major capsid protein to come up with the most conserved immunogenic truncated protein to be fused by HBV surface antigen (HBs Ag) to achieve a bivalent vaccine against HAV and HBV using an AAY linker. Various computational approaches were employed to predict highly conserved regions and the most immunogenic B-cell and T-cell epitopes of HAV-VP1 capsid protein in both humans and BALB/c. Moreover, the predicted fusion protein was analyzed regarding primary and secondary structures and also homology validation. Afterward, the three-dimensional structure of vaccine constructs docked with various toll-like receptors (TLR) 2, 4 and 7. According to the bioinformatics tools, the region of 99-259 amino acids of VP1 was selected with high immunogenicity and conserved epitopes. T-cell epitope prediction showed that this region contains 32 antigenic peptides for Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and 20 antigenic peptides in terms of HLA class II which are almost fully conserved in the Iranian population. The vaccine design includes 5 linear and 4 conformational B-cell lymphocyte (BCL) epitopes to induce humoral immune responses. The designed VP1-AAY-HBsAg fusion protein has the potency to be constructed and expressed to achieve a bivalent vaccine candidate, especially in the Iranian population. These findings led us to claim that the designed vaccine candidate provides potential pathways for creating an exploratory vaccine against Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B Viruses with high confidence for the identified strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Ahmadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Aghasadeghi
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS and Blood Borne Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No: 69, Pasteur Ave, Tehran, 13165, Iran
- Viral Vaccine Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Hamidi-Fard
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS and Blood Borne Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No: 69, Pasteur Ave, Tehran, 13165, Iran
- Viral Vaccine Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Motevalli
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS and Blood Borne Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No: 69, Pasteur Ave, Tehran, 13165, Iran
| | - Golnaz Bahramali
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS and Blood Borne Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No: 69, Pasteur Ave, Tehran, 13165, Iran.
- Viral Vaccine Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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39
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Gupta S, Pellett S. Recent Developments in Vaccine Design: From Live Vaccines to Recombinant Toxin Vaccines. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:563. [PMID: 37755989 PMCID: PMC10536331 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15090563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are one of the most effective strategies to prevent pathogen-induced illness in humans. The earliest vaccines were based on live inoculations with low doses of live or related pathogens, which carried a relatively high risk of developing the disease they were meant to prevent. The introduction of attenuated and killed pathogens as vaccines dramatically reduced these risks; however, attenuated live vaccines still carry a risk of reversion to a pathogenic strain capable of causing disease. This risk is completely eliminated with recombinant protein or subunit vaccines, which are atoxic and non-infectious. However, these vaccines require adjuvants and often significant optimization to induce robust T-cell responses and long-lasting immune memory. Some pathogens produce protein toxins that cause or contribute to disease. To protect against the effects of such toxins, chemically inactivated toxoid vaccines have been found to be effective. Toxoid vaccines are successfully used today at a global scale to protect against tetanus and diphtheria. Recent developments for toxoid vaccines are investigating the possibilities of utilizing recombinant protein toxins mutated to eliminate biologic activity instead of chemically inactivated toxins. Finally, one of the most contemporary approaches toward vaccine design utilizes messenger RNA (mRNA) as a vaccine candidate. This approach was used globally to protect against coronavirus disease during the COVID-19 pandemic that began in 2019, due to its advantages of quick production and scale-up, and effectiveness in eliciting a neutralizing antibody response. Nonetheless, mRNA vaccines require specialized storage and transport conditions, posing challenges for low- and middle-income countries. Among multiple available technologies for vaccine design and formulation, which technology is most appropriate? This review focuses on the considerable developments that have been made in utilizing diverse vaccine technologies with a focus on vaccines targeting bacterial toxins. We describe how advancements in vaccine technology, combined with a deeper understanding of pathogen-host interactions, offer exciting and promising avenues for the development of new and improved vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabine Pellett
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
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40
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Mishra N, Quon AS, Nguyen A, Papazyan EK, Hao Y, Liu Y. Constructing Physiological Defense Systems against Infectious Disease with Metal-Organic Frameworks: A Review. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:3052-3065. [PMID: 37560923 PMCID: PMC10445270 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The swift and deadly spread of infectious diseases, alongside the rapid advancement of scientific technology in the past several centuries, has led to the invention of various methods for protecting people from infection. In recent years, a class of crystalline porous materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), has shown great potential in constructing defense systems against infectious diseases. This review addresses current approaches to combating infectious diseases through the utilization of MOFs in vaccine development, antiviral and antibacterial treatment, and personal protective equipment (PPE). Along with an updated account of MOFs used for designing defense systems against infectious diseases, directions are also suggested for expanding avenues of current MOF research to develop more effective approaches and tools to prevent the widespread nature of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita
O. Mishra
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | - Alisa S. Quon
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | - Anna Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | - Edgar K. Papazyan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | - Yajiao Hao
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
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41
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Liu Y, Zhang A, Wang Y, Yang J, Yin F, Wu S, Zhang Y, Jiang X, Zhu J, Gao W, Yang X, Wen H, Guo Q, Chen X, Zhang H, Shen E, Yang Z, Li Y, Chen D, Li L, Guo J, Du X, Shi Y, Fu S, Zhang H, Liu Y. Immunogenicity and protective effects of recombinant bivalent COVID-19 vaccine in mice and rhesus macaques. Vaccine 2023; 41:5283-5295. [PMID: 37451875 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is still spreading rapidly worldwide, and a safe, effective, and cheap vaccine is still required to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we report a recombinant bivalent COVID-19 vaccine containing the RBD proteins of the prototype strain and beta variant. Immunization studies in mice demonstrated that this bivalent vaccine had far greater immunogenicity than the ZF2001, a marketed monovalent recombinant protein COVID-19 vaccine, and exhibited good immunization effects against the original COVID-19 strain and various variants. Rhesus macaque challenge experiments showed that this bivalent vaccine drastically decreased the lung viral load and reduced lung lesions in SARS-CoV-2 (the causative virus of COVID-19)-infected rhesus macaques. In summary, this bivalent vaccine showed immunogenicity and protective efficacy that was far superior to the monovalent recombinant protein vaccine against the prototype strain and provided an important basis for developing broad-spectrum COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Liu
- Beijing Health Guard Biotechnology Inc., BDA, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Chemical and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aijing Zhang
- Beijing Health Guard Biotechnology Inc., BDA, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Beijing Health Guard Biotechnology Inc., BDA, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Yang
- Beijing Health Guard Biotechnology Inc., BDA, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Beijing Health Guard Biotechnology Inc., BDA, Beijing, China
| | - Shuming Wu
- Beijing Health Guard Biotechnology Inc., BDA, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Beijing Health Guard Biotechnology Inc., BDA, Beijing, China
| | - Xulin Jiang
- Beijing Health Guard Biotechnology Inc., BDA, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaton Zhu
- Beijing Health Guard Biotechnology Inc., BDA, Beijing, China
| | - Wenshuang Gao
- Beijing Health Guard Biotechnology Inc., BDA, Beijing, China
| | - Xiufen Yang
- Beijing Health Guard Biotechnology Inc., BDA, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Wen
- Beijing Health Guard Biotechnology Inc., BDA, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Guo
- Beijing Health Guard Biotechnology Inc., BDA, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Beijing Health Guard Biotechnology Inc., BDA, Beijing, China
| | - Hongcai Zhang
- Beijing Health Guard Biotechnology Inc., BDA, Beijing, China
| | - Ercui Shen
- Beijing Health Guard Biotechnology Inc., BDA, Beijing, China
| | - Zengmin Yang
- Beijing Health Guard Biotechnology Inc., BDA, Beijing, China
| | - Yakun Li
- Beijing Health Guard Biotechnology Inc., BDA, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Beijing Health Guard Biotechnology Inc., BDA, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Li
- Beijing Health Guard Biotechnology Inc., BDA, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaping Guo
- Beijing Health Guard Biotechnology Inc., BDA, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Du
- Beijing Health Guard Biotechnology Inc., BDA, Beijing, China
| | - Yazheng Shi
- Beijing Health Guard Biotechnology Inc., BDA, Beijing, China
| | - Sijia Fu
- Beijing Health Guard Biotechnology Inc., BDA, Beijing, China
| | - Haijiang Zhang
- Beijing Health Guard Biotechnology Inc., BDA, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongjiang Liu
- Beijing Health Guard Biotechnology Inc., BDA, Beijing, China.
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42
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Oh CY, Henderson ER. In vitro transcription of self-assembling DNA nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12961. [PMID: 37563161 PMCID: PMC10415316 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39777-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid nanoparticles are playing an increasingly important role in biomolecular diagnostics and therapeutics as well as a variety of other areas. The unique attributes of self-assembling DNA nanoparticles provide a potentially valuable addition or alternative to the lipid-based nanoparticles that are currently used to ferry nucleic acids in living systems. To explore this possibility, we have assessed the ability of self-assembling DNA nanoparticles to be constructed from complete gene cassettes that are capable of gene expression in vitro. In the current report, we describe the somewhat counter-intuitive result that despite extensive crossovers (the stereochemical analogs of Holliday junctions) and variations in architecture, these DNA nanoparticles are amenable to gene expression as evidenced by T7 RNA polymerase-driven transcription of a reporter gene in vitro. These findings, coupled with the vastly malleable architecture and chemistry of self-assembling DNA nanoparticles, warrant further investigation of their utility in biomedical genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yong Oh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - Eric R Henderson
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
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43
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Pasquevich KA, Coria LM, Ceballos A, Mazzitelli B, Rodriguez JM, Demaría A, Pueblas Castro C, Bruno L, Saposnik L, Salvatori M, Varese A, González S, González Martínez VV, Geffner J, Álvarez D, Feleder E, Halabe K, Perez Lera PE, de Oca FM, Vega JC, Lombardo M, Yerino GA, Fló J, Cassataro J. Safety and immunogenicity of a SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant RBD-based protein adjuvanted vaccine used as booster in healthy adults. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4551. [PMID: 37507392 PMCID: PMC10382514 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A Gamma Variant RBD-based aluminum hydroxide adjuvanted vaccine called ARVAC CG was selected for a first in human clinical trial. Healthy male and female participants (18-55 years old) with a complete COVID-19-primary vaccine scheme were assigned to receive two intramuscular doses of either a low-dose or a high-dose of ARVAC CG. The primary endpoint was safety. The secondary objective was humoral immunogenicity. Cellular immune responses were studied as an exploratory objective. The trial was prospectively registered in PRIISA.BA (Registration Code 6564) and ANMAT and retrospectively registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05656508). Samples from participants of a surveillance strategy implemented by the Ministry of Health of the Province of Buenos Aires that were boosted with BNT162b2 were also analyzed to compare with the booster effect of ARVAC CG. ARVAC CG exhibits a satisfactory safety profile, a robust and broad booster response of neutralizing antibodies against the Ancestral strain of SARS-CoV-2 and the Gamma, Delta, Omicron BA.1 and Omicron BA.5 variants of concern and a booster effect on T cell immunity in individuals previously immunized with different COVID-19 vaccine platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina A Pasquevich
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín (1650), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín (1650), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Lorena M Coria
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín (1650), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín (1650), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Ceballos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, INBIRS-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bianca Mazzitelli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, INBIRS-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel Rodriguez
- Fundación Pablo Cassará - Unidad de I + D de Biofármacos, Saladillo 2452 C1440FFX, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agostina Demaría
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín (1650), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín (1650), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celeste Pueblas Castro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín (1650), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín (1650), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Bruno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín (1650), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín (1650), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas Saposnik
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín (1650), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín (1650), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melina Salvatori
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, INBIRS-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Augusto Varese
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, INBIRS-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Soledad González
- Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Jorge Geffner
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, INBIRS-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín (1650), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín (1650), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ethel Feleder
- FP CLINICAL PHARMA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina Halabe
- FP CLINICAL PHARMA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo E Perez Lera
- FP CLINICAL PHARMA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Montes de Oca
- Laboratorio Pablo Cassará - Unidad de I + D de Biofármacos, Saladillo 2452 C1440FFX, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julio C Vega
- Laboratorio Pablo Cassará - Unidad de I + D de Biofármacos, Saladillo 2452 C1440FFX, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Gustavo A Yerino
- FP CLINICAL PHARMA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Fló
- Laboratorio Pablo Cassará - Unidad de I + D de Biofármacos, Saladillo 2452 C1440FFX, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juliana Cassataro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín (1650), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín (1650), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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44
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Prenafeta A, Bech-Sàbat G, Moros A, Barreiro A, Fernández A, Cañete M, Roca M, González-González L, Garriga C, Confais J, Toussenot M, Contamin H, Pizzorno A, Rosa-Calatrava M, Pradenas E, Marfil S, Blanco J, Rica PC, Sisteré-Oró M, Meyerhans A, Lorca C, Segalés J, Prat T, March R, Ferrer L. Preclinical evaluation of PHH-1V vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2 in non-human primates. iScience 2023; 26:107224. [PMID: 37502366 PMCID: PMC10299950 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 emerged in December 2019 and quickly spread worldwide, continuously striking with an unpredictable evolution. Despite the success in vaccine production and mass vaccination programs, the situation is not still completely controlled, and therefore accessible second-generation vaccines are required to mitigate the pandemic. We previously developed an adjuvanted vaccine candidate coded PHH-1V, based on a heterodimer fusion protein comprising the RBD domain of two SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here, we report data on the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of PHH-1V in cynomolgus macaques. PHH-1V prime-boost vaccination induces high levels of RBD-specific IgG binding and neutralizing antibodies against several SARS-CoV-2 variants, as well as a balanced Th1/Th2 cellular immune response. Remarkably, PHH-1V vaccination prevents SARS-CoV-2 replication in the lower respiratory tract and significantly reduces viral load in the upper respiratory tract after an experimental infection. These results highlight the potential use of the PHH-1V vaccine in humans, currently undergoing Phase III clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Manuel Cañete
- HIPRA, Avda. La Selva, 135, 17170 Amer (Girona), Spain
| | - Mercè Roca
- HIPRA, Avda. La Selva, 135, 17170 Amer (Girona), Spain
| | | | - Carme Garriga
- HIPRA, Avda. La Selva, 135, 17170 Amer (Girona), Spain
| | | | | | | | - Andrés Pizzorno
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (Team VirPath), Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Manuel Rosa-Calatrava
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (Team VirPath), Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Edwards Pradenas
- IrsiCaixa. AIDS Research Institute, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Silvia Marfil
- IrsiCaixa. AIDS Research Institute, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Julià Blanco
- IrsiCaixa. AIDS Research Institute, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (uVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Paula Cebollada Rica
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Sisteré-Oró
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreas Meyerhans
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA (Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Lorca
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Teresa Prat
- HIPRA, Avda. La Selva, 135, 17170 Amer (Girona), Spain
| | - Ricard March
- HIPRA, Avda. La Selva, 135, 17170 Amer (Girona), Spain
| | - Laura Ferrer
- HIPRA, Avda. La Selva, 135, 17170 Amer (Girona), Spain
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45
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Khalid K, Poh CL. The Promising Potential of Reverse Vaccinology-Based Next-Generation Vaccine Development over Conventional Vaccines against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1264. [PMID: 37515079 PMCID: PMC10385262 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, leading to the current antibiotic resistance crisis. To address this issue, next-generation vaccines are being developed to prevent antimicrobial resistance caused by MDR bacteria. Traditional vaccine platforms, such as inactivated vaccines (IVs) and live attenuated vaccines (LAVs), were effective in preventing bacterial infections. However, they have shown reduced efficacy against emerging antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including MDR M. tuberculosis. Additionally, the large-scale production of LAVs and IVs requires the growth of live pathogenic microorganisms. A more promising approach for the accelerated development of vaccines against antibiotic-resistant bacteria involves the use of in silico immunoinformatics techniques and reverse vaccinology. The bioinformatics approach can identify highly conserved antigenic targets capable of providing broader protection against emerging drug-resistant bacteria. Multi-epitope vaccines, such as recombinant protein-, DNA-, or mRNA-based vaccines, which incorporate several antigenic targets, offer the potential for accelerated development timelines. This review evaluates the potential of next-generation vaccine development based on the reverse vaccinology approach and highlights the development of safe and immunogenic vaccines through relevant examples from successful preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Khalid
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Chit Laa Poh
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
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46
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Xiao L, Yu W, Shen L, Yan W, Qi J, Hu T. Mucosal SARS-CoV-2 Nanoparticle Vaccine Based on Mucosal Adjuvants and Its Immune Effectiveness by Intranasal Administration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37466148 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a respiratory virus that causes significant threats to human health. Mucosal immunity provides a first-line defense to prevent the infection of SARS-CoV-2 in the respiratory tract. Because most SARS-CoV-2 vaccines could not stimulate mucosal immunity in the respiratory tract, appropriate mucosal adjuvants or delivery systems are needed for mucosal vaccine development. Mannan, polyarginine, and 2',3'-cGAMP are three mucosal adjuvants that could stimulate mucosal immunity. In the present study, the three adjuvants were assembled with a receptor-binding domain (RBD) by electrostatic interaction to generate a nanoparticle vaccine (RBD-MP-cG). RBD-MP-cG elicited mucosal IgA and IgG response in bronchoalveolar lavage and nasal lavage by intranasal administration. It induced a robust RBD-specific antibody response, high levels of protective neutralizing antibody, and ACE2-blocking activity in the mouse sera. It stimulated the splenic secretion of high levels of Th1-, Th2-, and Th17-type cytokines. Thus, RBD-MP-cG elicited strong mucosal immunity and systematic immunity by intranasal administration. RBD-MP-cG was expected to act as a safe, effective, and easily produced mucosal nanoparticle vaccine to combat the infection of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucheng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Bei-Er-Jie Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weili Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Bei-Er-Jie Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lijuan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Bei-Er-Jie Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenying Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Bei-Er-Jie Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinming Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Bei-Er-Jie Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Bei-Er-Jie Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China
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Kwong KWY, Xin Y, Lai NCY, Sung JCC, Wu KC, Hamied YK, Sze ETP, Lam DMK. Oral Vaccines: A Better Future of Immunization. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1232. [PMID: 37515047 PMCID: PMC10383709 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral vaccines are gaining more attention due to their ease of administration, lower invasiveness, generally greater safety, and lower cost than injectable vaccines. This review introduces certified oral vaccines for adenovirus, recombinant protein-based, and transgenic plant-based oral vaccines, and their mechanisms for inducing an immune response. Procedures for regulatory approval and clinical trials of injectable and oral vaccines are also covered. Challenges such as instability and reduced efficacy in low-income countries associated with oral vaccines are discussed, as well as recent developments, such as Bacillus-subtilis-based and nanoparticle-based delivery systems that have the potential to improve the effectiveness of oral vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Wai-Yeung Kwong
- Research Department, DreamTec Cytokines Limited, Hong Kong, China
- Oristry BioTech (HK) Limited, Hong Kong, China
- Theratide BioTech (HK) Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Xin
- Research Department, DreamTec Cytokines Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nelson Cheuk-Yin Lai
- Research Department, DreamTec Cytokines Limited, Hong Kong, China
- Oristry BioTech (HK) Limited, Hong Kong, China
- Theratide BioTech (HK) Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Johnny Chun-Chau Sung
- Research Department, DreamTec Cytokines Limited, Hong Kong, China
- Oristry BioTech (HK) Limited, Hong Kong, China
- Theratide BioTech (HK) Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kam-Chau Wu
- Research Department, DreamTec Cytokines Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Eric Tung-Po Sze
- School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dominic Man-Kit Lam
- DrD Novel Vaccines Limited, Hong Kong, China
- Torsten Wiesel International Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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48
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Zai X, Zhang Z, Zhou C, Zhao F, Zhang Y, Wang X, Li R, Li Y, Zhao X, Wang S, Yang Y, Yin Y, Zhang J, Xu J, Chen W. Precise modification of the surface charge of antigen enhances vaccine immunogenicity. Innovation (N Y) 2023; 4:100451. [PMID: 37342672 PMCID: PMC10277596 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aluminum (alum) adjuvant is the most extensively used protein subunit vaccine adjuvant, and its effectiveness and safety have been widely recognized. The surface charge of the antigen determines its electrostatic adsorption to alum adjuvant, which directly affects the immune efficacy of the protein vaccine. In our study, we precisely modified its surface charge by inserting charged amino acids into the flexible region of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD), achieving electrostatic adsorption and a site-specific anchor between the immunogen and alum adjuvant. This innovative strategy extended the bioavailability of the RBD and directionally displayed the neutralizing epitopes, thereby significantly enhancing humoral and cellular immunity. Furthermore, the required dose of antigen and alum adjuvant was greatly reduced, which improved the safety and accessibility of the protein subunit vaccine. On this basis, the wide applicability of this novel strategy to a series of representative pathogen antigens such as SARS-RBD, MERS-RBD, Mpox-M1, MenB-fHbp, and Tularemia-Tul4 was further confirmed. Charge modification of antigens provides a straightforward approach for antigenicity optimization of alum-adjuvanted vaccines, which has great potential to be adopted as a global defense against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zai
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Zhiling Zhang
- College of pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chuge Zhou
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Fangxin Zhao
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Ruihua Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yaohui Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhao
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yilong Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
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Hong Q, Liu J, Wei Y, Wei X. Application of Baculovirus Expression Vector System (BEVS) in Vaccine Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1218. [PMID: 37515034 PMCID: PMC10386281 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the most effective strategies to control epidemics. With the deepening of people's awareness of vaccination, there is a high demand for vaccination. Hence, a flexible, rapid, and cost-effective vaccine platform is urgently needed. The baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) has emerged as a promising technology for vaccine production due to its high safety, rapid production, flexible product design, and scalability. In this review, we introduced the development history of BEVS and the procedures for preparing recombinant protein vaccines using the BEVS platform and summarized the features and limitations of this platform. Furthermore, we highlighted the progress of the BEVS platform-related research, especially in the field of vaccine. Finally, we provided a new prospect for BEVS in future vaccine manufacturing, which may pave the way for future BEVS-derived vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaonan Hong
- Department of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Department of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Department of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
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50
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Lykins WR, Fox CB. Practical Considerations for Next-Generation Adjuvant Development and Translation. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1850. [PMID: 37514037 PMCID: PMC10385070 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last several years, there has been increased interest from academia and the pharmaceutical/biotech industry in the development of vaccine adjuvants for new and emerging vaccine modalities. Despite this, vaccine adjuvant development still has some of the longest timelines in the pharmaceutical space, from discovery to clinical approval. The reasons for this are manyfold and range from complexities in translation from animal to human models, concerns about safety or reactogenicity, to challenges in sourcing the necessary raw materials at scale. In this review, we will describe the current state of the art for many adjuvant technologies and how they should be approached or applied in the development of new vaccine products. We postulate that there are many factors to be considered and tools to be applied earlier on in the vaccine development pipeline to improve the likelihood of clinical success. These recommendations may require a modified approach to some of the common practices in new product development but would result in more accessible and practical adjuvant-containing products.
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