1
|
Wang SS, Meng ZL, Zhang YW, Yan YS, Li LB. Prion protein E219K polymorphism: from the discovery of the KANNO blood group to interventions for human prion disease. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1392984. [PMID: 39050130 PMCID: PMC11266091 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1392984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
KANNO is a new human blood group that was recently discovered. The KANNO antigen shares the PRNP gene with the prion protein and the prion protein E219K polymorphism determines the presence or absence of the KANNO antigen and the development of anti-KANNO alloantibodies. These alloantibodies specifically react with prion proteins, which serve as substrates for conversion into pathological isoforms in some prion diseases and may serve as effective targets for resisting prion infection. These findings establish a potential link between the KANNO blood group and human prion disease via the prion protein E219K polymorphism. We reviewed the interesting correlation between the human PRNP gene's E219K polymorphism and the prion proteins it expresses, as well as human red blood cell antigens. Based on the immune serological principles of human blood cells, the prion protein E219K polymorphism may serve as a foundation for earlier molecular diagnosis and future drug development for prion diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Si Wang
- Department of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhao-Li Meng
- Department of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi-Wen Zhang
- Department of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi-Shuang Yan
- Department of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ling-Bo Li
- Aikang MedTech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tremblay TL, Alata W, Slinn J, Baumann E, Delaney CE, Moreno M, Haqqani AS, Stanimirovic DB, Hill JJ. The proteome of the blood-brain barrier in rat and mouse: highly specific identification of proteins on the luminal surface of brain microvessels by in vivo glycocapture. Fluids Barriers CNS 2024; 21:23. [PMID: 38433215 PMCID: PMC10910681 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-024-00523-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The active transport of molecules into the brain from blood is regulated by receptors, transporters, and other cell surface proteins that are present on the luminal surface of endothelial cells at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, proteomic profiling of proteins present on the luminal endothelial cell surface of the BBB has proven challenging due to difficulty in labelling these proteins in a way that allows efficient purification of these relatively low abundance cell surface proteins. METHODS Here we describe a novel perfusion-based labelling workflow: in vivo glycocapture. This workflow relies on the oxidation of glycans present on the luminal vessel surface via perfusion of a mild oxidizing agent, followed by subsequent isolation of glycoproteins by covalent linkage of their oxidized glycans to hydrazide beads. Mass spectrometry-based identification of the isolated proteins enables high-confidence identification of endothelial cell surface proteins in rats and mice. RESULTS Using the developed workflow, 347 proteins were identified from the BBB in rat and 224 proteins in mouse, for a total of 395 proteins in both species combined. These proteins included many proteins with transporter activity (73 proteins), cell adhesion proteins (47 proteins), and transmembrane signal receptors (31 proteins). To identify proteins that are enriched in vessels relative to the entire brain, we established a vessel-enrichment score and showed that proteins with a high vessel-enrichment score are involved in vascular development functions, binding to integrins, and cell adhesion. Using publicly-available single-cell RNAseq data, we show that the proteins identified by in vivo glycocapture were more likely to be detected by scRNAseq in endothelial cells than in any other cell type. Furthermore, nearly 50% of the genes encoding cell-surface proteins that were detected by scRNAseq in endothelial cells were also identified by in vivo glycocapture. CONCLUSIONS The proteins identified by in vivo glycocapture in this work represent the most complete and specific profiling of proteins on the luminal BBB surface to date. The identified proteins reflect possible targets for the development of antibodies to improve the crossing of therapeutic proteins into the brain and will contribute to our further understanding of BBB transport mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tammy-Lynn Tremblay
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Wael Alata
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
- Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island Campus, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jacqueline Slinn
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Ewa Baumann
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Christie E Delaney
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Maria Moreno
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Arsalan S Haqqani
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Danica B Stanimirovic
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Jennifer J Hill
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ago Y, Rintz E, Musini KS, Ma Z, Tomatsu S. Molecular Mechanisms in Pathophysiology of Mucopolysaccharidosis and Prospects for Innovative Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1113. [PMID: 38256186 PMCID: PMC10816168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are a group of inborn errors of the metabolism caused by a deficiency in the lysosomal enzymes required to break down molecules called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). These GAGs accumulate over time in various tissues and disrupt multiple biological systems, including catabolism of other substances, autophagy, and mitochondrial function. These pathological changes ultimately increase oxidative stress and activate innate immunity and inflammation. We have described the pathophysiology of MPS and activated inflammation in this paper, starting with accumulating the primary storage materials, GAGs. At the initial stage of GAG accumulation, affected tissues/cells are reversibly affected but progress irreversibly to: (1) disruption of substrate degradation with pathogenic changes in lysosomal function, (2) cellular dysfunction, secondary/tertiary accumulation (toxins such as GM2 or GM3 ganglioside, etc.), and inflammatory process, and (3) progressive tissue/organ damage and cell death (e.g., skeletal dysplasia, CNS impairment, etc.). For current and future treatment, several potential treatments for MPS that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and bone have been proposed and/or are in clinical trials, including targeting peptides and molecular Trojan horses such as monoclonal antibodies attached to enzymes via receptor-mediated transport. Gene therapy trials with AAV, ex vivo LV, and Sleeping Beauty transposon system for MPS are proposed and/or underway as innovative therapeutic options. In addition, possible immunomodulatory reagents that can suppress MPS symptoms have been summarized in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Ago
- Nemours Children’s Health, 1600 Rockland Rd., Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (Y.A.); (K.S.M.); (Z.M.)
| | - Estera Rintz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Krishna Sai Musini
- Nemours Children’s Health, 1600 Rockland Rd., Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (Y.A.); (K.S.M.); (Z.M.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Zhengyu Ma
- Nemours Children’s Health, 1600 Rockland Rd., Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (Y.A.); (K.S.M.); (Z.M.)
| | - Shunji Tomatsu
- Nemours Children’s Health, 1600 Rockland Rd., Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (Y.A.); (K.S.M.); (Z.M.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1112, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19144, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shaimardanova AA, Chulpanova DS, Solovyeva VV, Issa SS, Mullagulova AI, Titova AA, Mukhamedshina YO, Timofeeva AV, Aimaletdinov AM, Nigmetzyanov IR, Rizvanov AA. Increasing β-hexosaminidase A activity using genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:212-219. [PMID: 37488869 PMCID: PMC10479847 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.375328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
GM2 gangliosidoses are a group of autosomal-recessive lysosomal storage disorders. These diseases result from a deficiency of lysosomal enzyme β-hexosaminidase A (HexA), which is responsible for GM2 ganglioside degradation. HexA deficiency causes the accumulation of GM2-gangliosides mainly in the nervous system cells, leading to severe progressive neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. To date, there is no treatment for these diseases. Cell-mediated gene therapy is considered a promising treatment for GM2 gangliosidoses. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs-HEXA-HEXB) to restore HexA deficiency in Tay-Sachs disease patient cells, as well as to analyze the functionality and biodistribution of MSCs in vivo. The effectiveness of HexA deficiency cross-correction was shown in mutant MSCs upon interaction with MSCs-HEXA-HEXB. The results also showed that the MSCs-HEXA-HEXB express the functionally active HexA enzyme, detectable in vivo, and intravenous injection of the cells does not cause an immune response in animals. These data suggest that genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells have the potentials to treat GM2 gangliosidoses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daria S. Chulpanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Valeriya V. Solovyeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Shaza S. Issa
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Aysilu I. Mullagulova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Angelina A. Titova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Yana O. Mukhamedshina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Anna V. Timofeeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | | | - Islam R. Nigmetzyanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert A. Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pardridge WM. Treatment of Parkinson's disease with biologics that penetrate the blood-brain barrier via receptor-mediated transport. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1276376. [PMID: 38035276 PMCID: PMC10682952 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1276376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by neurodegeneration of nigral-striatal neurons in parallel with the formation of intra-neuronal α-synuclein aggregates, and these processes are exacerbated by neuro-inflammation. All 3 components of PD pathology are potentially treatable with biologics. Neurotrophins, such as glial derived neurotrophic factor or erythropoietin, can promote neural repair. Therapeutic antibodies can lead to disaggregation of α-synuclein neuronal inclusions. Decoy receptors can block the activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines in brain. However, these biologic drugs do not cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Biologics can be made transportable through the BBB following the re-engineering of the biologic as an IgG fusion protein, where the IgG domain targets an endogenous receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT) system within the BBB, such as the insulin receptor or transferrin receptor. The receptor-specific antibody domain of the fusion protein acts as a molecular Trojan horse to ferry the biologic into brain via the BBB RMT pathway. This review describes the re-engineering of all 3 classes of biologics (neurotrophins, decoy receptor, therapeutic antibodies) for BBB delivery and treatment of PD. Targeting the RMT pathway at the BBB also enables non-viral gene therapy of PD using lipid nanoparticles (LNP) encapsulated with plasmid DNA encoding therapeutic genes. The surface of the lipid nanoparticle is conjugated with a receptor-specific IgG that triggers RMT of the LNP across the BBB in vivo.
Collapse
|
6
|
Leal AF, Inci OK, Seyrantepe V, Rintz E, Celik B, Ago Y, León D, Suarez DA, Alméciga-Díaz CJ, Tomatsu S. Molecular Trojan Horses for treating lysosomal storage diseases. Mol Genet Metab 2023; 140:107648. [PMID: 37598508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2023.107648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are caused by monogenic mutations in genes encoding for proteins related to the lysosomal function. Lysosome plays critical roles in molecule degradation and cell signaling through interplay with many other cell organelles, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and peroxisomes. Even though several strategies (i.e., protein replacement and gene therapy) have been attempted for LSDs with promising results, there are still some challenges when hard-to-treat tissues such as bone (i.e., cartilages, ligaments, meniscus, etc.), the central nervous system (mostly neurons), and the eye (i.e., cornea, retina) are affected. Consistently, searching for novel strategies to reach those tissues remains a priority. Molecular Trojan Horses have been well-recognized as a potential alternative in several pathological scenarios for drug delivery, including LSDs. Even though molecular Trojan Horses refer to genetically engineered proteins to overcome the blood-brain barrier, such strategy can be extended to strategies able to transport and deliver drugs to specific tissues or cells using cell-penetrating peptides, monoclonal antibodies, vesicles, extracellular vesicles, and patient-derived cells. Only some of those platforms have been attempted in LSDs. In this paper, we review the most recent efforts to develop molecular Trojan Horses and discuss how this strategy could be implemented to enhance the current efficacy of strategies such as protein replacement and gene therapy in the context of LSDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Felipe Leal
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia; Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Orhan Kerim Inci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Volkan Seyrantepe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Estera Rintz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Betul Celik
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Yasuhiko Ago
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Daniel León
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diego A Suarez
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos Javier Alméciga-Díaz
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Shunji Tomatsu
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Muro
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institute of Catalonia for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fu L, Zhang Y, Farokhzad RA, Mendes BB, Conde J, Shi J. 'Passive' nanoparticles for organ-selective systemic delivery: design, mechanism and perspective. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:7579-7601. [PMID: 37817741 PMCID: PMC10623545 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00998f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has shown tremendous success in the drug delivery field for more effective and safer therapy, and has recently enabled the clinical approval of RNA medicine, a new class of therapeutics. Various nanoparticle strategies have been developed to improve the systemic delivery of therapeutics, among which surface modification of targeting ligands on nanoparticles has been widely explored for 'active' delivery to a specific organ or diseased tissue. Meanwhile, compelling evidence has recently been reported that organ-selective targeting may also be achievable by systemic administration of nanoparticles without surface ligand modification. In this Review, we highlight this unique set of 'passive' nanoparticles and their compositions and mechanisms for organ-selective delivery. In particular, the lipid-based, polymer-based, and biomimetic nanoparticles with tropism to different specific organs after intravenous administration are summarized. The underlying mechanisms (e.g., protein corona and size effect) of these nanosystems for organ selectivity are also extensively discussed. We further provide perspectives on the opportunities and challenges in this exciting area of organ-selective systemic nanoparticle delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Fu
- Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ryan A Farokhzad
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Bárbara B Mendes
- ToxOmics, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Conde
- ToxOmics, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jinjun Shi
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
del Moral M, Loeck M, Muntimadugu E, Vives G, Pham V, Pfeifer P, Battaglia G, Muro S. Role of the Lactide:Glycolide Ratio in PLGA Nanoparticle Stability and Release under Lysosomal Conditions for Enzyme Replacement Therapy of Lysosomal Storage Disorders. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:440. [PMID: 37754854 PMCID: PMC10531859 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14090440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior studies demonstrated that encapsulation in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) enhanced the delivery of enzymes used for replacement therapy (ERT) of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). This study examined how the copolymer lactide:glycolide ratio impacts encapsulation, physicochemical characteristics, stability, and release under lysosomal conditions. Hyaluronidase, deficient in mucopolysaccharidosis IX, was encapsulated in NPs synthesized using 50:50, 60:40, or 75:25 lactide:glycolide copolymers. All NPs had diameters compatible with cellular transport (≤168 nm) and polydispersity indexes (≤0.16) and ζ-potentials (≤-35 mV) compatible with colloidal stability. Yet, their encapsulation efficiency varied, with 75:25 NPs and 60:40 NPs having the lowest and highest EE, respectively (15% vs. 28%). Under lysosomal conditions, the 50:50 copolymer degraded fastest (41% in 1 week), as expected, and the presence of a targeting antibody coat did not alter this result. Additionally, 60:40 NPs destabilized fastest (<1 week) because of their smaller diameter, and 75:25 NPs did not destabilize in 4 weeks. All formulations presented burst release under lysosomal conditions (56-78% of the original load within 30 min), with 50:50 and 60:40 NPs releasing an additional small fraction after week 1. This provided 4 weeks of sustained catalytic activity, sufficient to fully degrade a substrate. Altogether, the 60:40 NP formulation is preferred given its higher EE, and 50:50 NPs represent a valid alternative, while the highest stability of 75:25 NPs may impair lysosomes. These results can guide future studies aiming to translate PLGA NP-based ERT for this and other LSDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria del Moral
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Applied Materials Chemistry Master Program (M.d.M) and Biomedicine Doctorate Program, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maximilian Loeck
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Applied Materials Chemistry Master Program (M.d.M) and Biomedicine Doctorate Program, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eameema Muntimadugu
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Guillem Vives
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Degree Program, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Vy Pham
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Peter Pfeifer
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institution of Catalonia for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Muro
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Institution of Catalonia for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhou M, Chen H, Zeng Y, Lv Z, Hu X, Tong Y, Wang P, Zhao M, Mu R, Yu J, Chen Y, Wei L, Gu J, Lan Q, Zhen X, Han L. DH5α Outer Membrane-Coated Biomimetic Nanocapsules Deliver Drugs to Brain Metastases but not Normal Brain Cells via Targeting GRP94. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300403. [PMID: 37104822 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-mediated vesicular transport has been extensively developed to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and has emerged as a class of powerful brain-targeting delivery technologies. However, commonly used BBB receptors such as transferrin receptor and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1, are also expressed in normal brain parenchymal cells and can cause drug distribution in normal brain tissues and subsequent neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. Here, the endoplasmic reticulum residing protein GRP94 is found upregulated and relocated to the cell membrane of both BBB endothelial cells and brain metastatic breast cancer cells (BMBCCs) by preclinical and clinical investigations. Inspired by that Escherichia coli penetrates the BBB via the binding of its outer membrane proteins with GRP94, avirulent DH5α outer membrane protein-coated nanocapsules (Omp@NCs) are developed to cross the BBB, avert normal brain cells, and target BMBCCs via recognizing GRP94. Embelin (EMB)-loaded Omp@EMB specifically reduce neuroserpin in BMBCCs, which inhibits vascular cooption growth and induces apoptosis of BMBCCs by restoring plasmin. Omp@EMB plus anti-angiogenic therapy prolongs the survival of mice with brain metastases. This platform holds the translational potential to maximize therapeutic effects on GRP94-positive brain diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- MJiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yuteng Zeng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ziyan Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yang Tong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Pan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Mei Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Rui Mu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ju Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, P. R. China
| | - Yanming Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, P. R. China
| | - Lin Wei
- MJiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Gu
- National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Qing Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, P. R. China
| | - Xuechu Zhen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Liang Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pardridge WM. Receptor-mediated drug delivery of bispecific therapeutic antibodies through the blood-brain barrier. FRONTIERS IN DRUG DELIVERY 2023; 3:1227816. [PMID: 37583474 PMCID: PMC10426772 DOI: 10.3389/fddev.2023.1227816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic antibody drug development is a rapidly growing sector of the pharmaceutical industry. However, antibody drug development for the brain is a technical challenge, and therapeutic antibodies for the central nervous system account for ~3% of all such agents. The principal obstacle to antibody drug development for brain or spinal cord is the lack of transport of large molecule biologics across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Therapeutic antibodies can be made transportable through the blood-brain barrier by the re-engineering of the therapeutic antibody as a BBB-penetrating bispecific antibody (BSA). One arm of the BSA is the therapeutic antibody and the other arm of the BSA is a transporting antibody. The transporting antibody targets an exofacial epitope on a BBB receptor, and this enables receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT) of the BSA across the BBB. Following BBB transport, the therapeutic antibody then engages the target receptor in brain. RMT systems at the BBB that are potential conduits to the brain include the insulin receptor (IR), the transferrin receptor (TfR), the insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGFR) and the leptin receptor. Therapeutic antibodies have been re-engineered as BSAs that target the insulin receptor, TfR, or IGFR RMT systems at the BBB for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
|
12
|
Bao Y, Lu W. Targeting cerebral diseases with enhanced delivery of therapeutic proteins across the blood-brain barrier. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1681-1698. [PMID: 36945117 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2193390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cerebral diseases have been threatening public physical and psychological health in the recent years. With the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), it is particularly hard for therapeutic proteins like peptides, enzymes, antibodies, etc. to enter the central nervous system (CNS) and function in diagnosis and treatment in cerebral diseases. Fortunately, the past decade has witnessed some emerging strategies of delivering macromolecular therapeutic proteins across the BBB. AREAS COVERED Based on the structure, functions, and substances transport mechanisms, various enhanced delivery strategies of therapeutic proteins were reviewed, categorized by molecule-mediated delivery strategies, carrier-mediated delivery strategies, and other delivery strategies. EXPERT OPINION As for molecule-mediated delivery strategies, development of genetic engineering technology, optimization of protein expression and purification techniques, and mature of quality control systems all help to realize large-scale production of recombinant antibodies, making it possible to apply to the clinical practice. In terms of carrier-mediated delivery strategies and others, although nano-carriers/adeno-associated virus (AAV) are also promising candidates for delivering therapeutic proteins or genes across the BBB, some issues still remain to be further investigated, including safety concerns related to applied materials, large-scale production costs, quality control standards, combination therapies with auxiliary delivery strategies like focused ultrasound, etc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanning Bao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiyue Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center for Pharmaceutical Intelligent Equipment, and Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular non-coding RNA, Institute for Frontier Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
- Department of Research and Development, Shanghai Tayzen PharmLab Co., Ltd. Lingang of Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Placci M, Giannotti MI, Muro S. Polymer-based drug delivery systems under investigation for enzyme replacement and other therapies of lysosomal storage disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 197:114683. [PMID: 36657645 PMCID: PMC10629597 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes play a central role in cellular homeostasis and alterations in this compartment associate with many diseases. The most studied example is that of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), a group of 60 + maladies due to genetic mutations affecting lysosomal components, mostly enzymes. This leads to aberrant intracellular storage of macromolecules, altering normal cell function and causing multiorgan syndromes, often fatal within the first years of life. Several treatment modalities are available for a dozen LSDs, mostly consisting of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) strategies. Yet, poor biodistribution to main targets such as the central nervous system, musculoskeletal tissue, and others, as well as generation of blocking antibodies and adverse effects hinder effective LSD treatment. Drug delivery systems are being studied to surmount these obstacles, including polymeric constructs and nanoparticles that constitute the focus of this article. We provide an overview of the formulations being tested, the diseases they aim to treat, and the results observed from respective in vitro and in vivo studies. We also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these strategies, the remaining gaps of knowledge regarding their performance, and important items to consider for their clinical translation. Overall, polymeric nanoconstructs hold considerable promise to advance treatment for LSDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Placci
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Marina I Giannotti
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain; CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Materials Science and Physical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Silvia Muro
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institute of Catalonia for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain; Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Poletto E, Silva AO, Weinlich R, Martin PKM, Torres DC, Giugliani R, Baldo G. Ex vivo gene therapy for lysosomal storage disorders: future perspectives. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2023; 23:353-364. [PMID: 36920351 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2023.2192348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) are a group of monogenic rare diseases caused by pathogenic variants in genes that encode proteins related to lysosomal function. These disorders are good candidates for gene therapy for different reasons: they are monogenic, most of lysosomal proteins are enzymes that can be secreted and cross-correct neighboring cells, and small quantities of these proteins are able to produce clinical benefits in many cases. Ex vivo gene therapy allows for autologous transplant of modified cells from different sources, including stem cells and hematopoietic precursors. AREAS COVERED Here, we summarize the main gene therapy and genome editing strategies that are currently being used as ex vivo gene therapy approaches for lysosomal disorders, highlighting important characteristics, such as vectors used, strategies, types of cells that are modified and main results in different disorders. EXPERT OPINION Clinical trials are already ongoing, and soon approved therapies for LSD based on ex vivo gene therapy approaches should reach the market.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edina Poletto
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto alegre, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andrew Oliveira Silva
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Weinlich
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Centro de Ensino e Pesquisa/Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Davi Coe Torres
- Centro de Ensino e Pesquisa/Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto alegre, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Baldo
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto alegre, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gaudioso Á, Silva TP, Ledesma MD. Models to study basic and applied aspects of lysosomal storage disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 190:114532. [PMID: 36122863 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The lack of available treatments and fatal outcome in most lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) have spurred research on pathological mechanisms and novel therapies in recent years. In this effort, experimental methodology in cellular and animal models have been developed, with aims to address major challenges in many LSDs such as patient-to-patient variability and brain condition. These techniques and models have advanced knowledge not only of LSDs but also for other lysosomal disorders and have provided fundamental insights into the biological roles of lysosomes. They can also serve to assess the efficacy of classical therapies and modern drug delivery systems. Here, we summarize the techniques and models used in LSD research, which include both established and recently developed in vitro methods, with general utility or specifically addressing lysosomal features. We also review animal models of LSDs together with cutting-edge technology that may reduce the need for animals in the study of these devastating diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Gaudioso
- Centro Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa P Silva
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
A Historical Review of Brain Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061283. [PMID: 35745855 PMCID: PMC9229021 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The history of brain drug delivery is reviewed beginning with the first demonstration, in 1914, that a drug for syphilis, salvarsan, did not enter the brain, due to the presence of a blood-brain barrier (BBB). Owing to restricted transport across the BBB, FDA-approved drugs for the CNS have been generally limited to lipid-soluble small molecules. Drugs that do not cross the BBB can be re-engineered for transport on endogenous BBB carrier-mediated transport and receptor-mediated transport systems, which were identified during the 1970s-1980s. By the 1990s, a multitude of brain drug delivery technologies emerged, including trans-cranial delivery, CSF delivery, BBB disruption, lipid carriers, prodrugs, stem cells, exosomes, nanoparticles, gene therapy, and biologics. The advantages and limitations of each of these brain drug delivery technologies are critically reviewed.
Collapse
|