1
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Dastgerdi NK, Dastgerdi NK, Bayraktutan H, Costabile G, Atyabi F, Dinarvand R, Longobardi G, Alexander C, Conte C. Enhancing siRNA cancer therapy: Multifaceted strategies with lipid and polymer-based carrier systems. Int J Pharm 2024; 663:124545. [PMID: 39098747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Cancers are increasing in prevalence and many challenges remain for their treatment, such as chemoresistance and toxicity. In this context, siRNA-based therapeutics have many potential advantages for cancer therapies as a result of their ability to reduce or prevent expression of specific cancer-related genes. However, the direct delivery of naked siRNA is hindered by issues like enzymatic degradation, insufficient cellular uptake, and poor pharmacokinetics. Hence, the discovery of a safe and efficient delivery vehicle is essential. This review explores various lipid and polymer-based delivery systems for siRNA in cancer treatment. Both polymers and lipids have garnered considerable attention as carriers for siRNA delivery. While all of these systems protect siRNA and enhance transfection efficacy, each exhibits its unique strengths. Lipid-based delivery systems, for instance, demonstrate high entrapment efficacy and utilize cost-effective materials. Conversely, polymeric-based delivery systems offer advantages through chemical modifications. Nonetheless, certain drawbacks still limit their usage. To address these limitations, combining different materials in formulations (lipid, polymer, or targeting agent) could enhance pharmaceutical properties, boost transfection efficacy, and reduce side effects. Furthermore, co-delivery of siRNA with other therapeutic agents presents a promising strategy to overcome cancer resistance. Lipid-based delivery systems have been demonstrated to encapsulate many therapeutic agents and with high efficiency, but most are limited in terms of the functionalities they display. In contrast, polymeric-based delivery systems can be chemically modified by a wide variety of routes to include multiple components, such as release or targeting elements, from the same materials backbone. Accordingly, by incorporating multiple materials such as lipids, polymers, and/or targeting agents in RNA formulations it is possible to improve the pharmaceutical properties and therapeutic efficacy while reducing side effects. This review focuses on strategies to improve siRNA cancer treatments and discusses future prospects in this important field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazgol Karimi Dastgerdi
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Karimi Dastgerdi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hulya Bayraktutan
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614315, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614315, Iran.
| | | | - Cameron Alexander
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Claudia Conte
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
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2
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Jin SE, Sung JH. Delivery Strategies of siRNA Therapeutics for Hair Loss Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7612. [PMID: 39062852 PMCID: PMC11277092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic needs for hair loss are intended to find small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) therapeutics for breakthrough. Since naked siRNA is restricted to meet a druggable target in clinic,, delivery systems are indispensable to overcome intrinsic and pathophysiological barriers, enhancing targetability and persistency to ensure safety, efficacy, and effectiveness. Diverse carriers repurposed from small molecules to siRNA can be systematically or locally employed in hair loss therapy, followed by the adoption of new compositions associated with structural and environmental modification. The siRNA delivery systems have been extensively studied via conjugation or nanoparticle formulation to improve their fate in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we introduce clinically tunable siRNA delivery systems for hair loss based on design principles, after analyzing clinical trials in hair loss and currently approved siRNA therapeutics. We further discuss a strategic research framework for optimized siRNA delivery in hair loss from the scientific perspective of clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Eon Jin
- Epi Biotech Co., Ltd., Incheon 21984, Republic of Korea
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3
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El-Zahaby SA, Kaur L, Sharma A, Prasad AG, Wani AK, Singh R, Zakaria MY. Lipoplexes' Structure, Preparation, and Role in Managing Different Diseases. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:131. [PMID: 38849687 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02850-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid-based vectors are becoming promising alternatives to traditional therapies over the last 2 decades specially for managing life-threatening diseases like cancer. Cationic lipids are the most prevalent non-viral vectors utilized in gene delivery. The increasing number of clinical trials about lipoplex-based gene therapy demonstrates their potential as well-established technology that can provide robust gene transfection. In this regard, this review will summarize this important point. These vectors however have a modest transfection efficiency. This limitation can be partly addressed by using functional lipids that provide a plethora of options for investigating nucleic acid-lipid interactions as well as in vitro and in vivo nucleic acid delivery for biomedical applications. Despite their lower gene transfer efficiency, lipid-based vectors such as lipoplexes have several advantages over viral ones: they are less toxic and immunogenic, can be targeted, and are simple to produce on a large scale. Researchers are actively investigating the parameters that are essential for an effective lipoplex delivery method. These include factors that influence the structure, stability, internalization, and transfection of the lipoplex. Thorough understanding of the design principles will enable synthesis of customized lipoplex formulations for life-saving therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally A El-Zahaby
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, PharmD Program, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Lovepreet Kaur
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Aprameya Ganesh Prasad
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Atif Khurshid Wani
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Rattandeep Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Mohamed Y Zakaria
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said, 42526, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University, Ras Sudr, 46612, South Sinai, Egypt
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4
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Yang C, Lin ZI, Zhang X, Xu Z, Xu G, Wang YM, Tsai TH, Cheng PW, Law WC, Yong KT, Chen CK. Recent Advances in Engineering Carriers for siRNA Delivery. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300362. [PMID: 38150293 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) technology has been a promising treatment strategy for combating intractable diseases. However, the applications of RNAi in clinical are hampered by extracellular and intracellular barriers. To overcome these barriers, various siRNA delivery systems have been developed in the past two decades. The first approved RNAi therapeutic, Patisiran (ONPATTRO) using lipids as the carrier, for the treatment of amyloidosis is one of the most important milestones. This has greatly encouraged researchers to work on creating new functional siRNA carriers. In this review, the recent advances in siRNA carriers consisting of lipids, polymers, and polymer-modified inorganic particles for cancer therapy are summarized. Representative examples are presented to show the structural design of the carriers in order to overcome the delivery hurdles associated with RNAi therapies. Finally, the existing challenges and future perspective for developing RNAi as a clinical modality will be discussed and proposed. It is believed that the addressed contributions in this review will promote the development of siRNA delivery systems for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbin Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Ian Lin
- Polymeric Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Xinmeng Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Zhourui Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Gaixia Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Min Wang
- Polymeric Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsien Tsai
- Division of Cardiology and Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, 60002, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Cheng
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Wing-Cheung Law
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Ken-Tye Yong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Chih-Kuang Chen
- Polymeric Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
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5
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Yu C, Zhao J, Cheng F, Chen J, Chen J, Xu H, Shi K, Xia K, Ding S, Wang K, Wang R, Chen Y, Li Y, Li H, Chen Q, Yu X, Shao F, Liang C, Li F. Silencing circATXN1 in Aging Nucleus Pulposus Cell Alleviates Intervertebral Disc Degeneration via Correcting Progerin Mislocalization. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0336. [PMID: 38533181 PMCID: PMC10964222 DOI: 10.34133/research.0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a critical regulatory role in degenerative diseases; however, their functions and therapeutic applications in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) have not been explored. Here, we identified that a novel circATXN1 highly accumulates in aging nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) accountable for IVDD. CircATXN1 accelerates cellular senescence, disrupts extracellular matrix organization, and inhibits mitochondrial respiration. Mechanistically, circATXN1, regulated by heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2B1-mediated splicing circularization, promotes progerin translocation from the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm and inhibits the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R). To demonstrate the therapeutic potential of circATXN1, siRNA targeting the backsplice junction of circATNX1 was screened and delivered by tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs) due to their unique compositional and tetrahedral structural features. Our siRNA delivery system demonstrates superior abilities to transfect aging cells, clear intracellular ROS, and enhanced biological safety. Using siRNA-tFNAs to silence circATXN1, aging NPCs exhibit reduced mislocalization of progerin in the cytoplasm and up-regulation of IGF-1R, thereby demonstrating a rejuvenated cellular phenotype and improved mitochondrial function. In vivo, administering an aging cell-adapted siRNA nucleic acid framework delivery system to progerin pathologically expressed premature aging mice (zmpste24-/-) can ameliorate the cellular matrix in the nucleus pulposus tissue, effectively delaying IVDD. This study not only identified circATXN1 functioning as a cell senescence promoter in IVDD for the first time, but also successfully demonstrated its therapeutic potential via a tFNA-based siRNA delivery strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Chemistry,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jiangjie Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jinyang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Haibin Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Kesi Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Kaishun Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Siwen Ding
- Westlake Street Community Health Service Center, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Kanbin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ronghao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yazhou Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Qixin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Fangwei Shao
- Zhejiang University-University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Institute,
Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, Zhejiang, PR China
- Biomedical and Health Translational Research Centre,
Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Chengzhen Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Fangcai Li
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China
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6
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Padilla MS, Tangsangasaksri M, Chang CC, Mecozzi S. MCT Nanoemulsions for the Efficient Delivery of siRNA. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:764-771. [PMID: 37984699 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an oil-in-water (o/w) nanoemulsion is used to deliver siRNA targeting Twist1, a protein that contributes to tumor metastasis in a variety of cancers. The FDA-approved oil, medium chain triglycerides (MCT), is used as the hydrophobic phase for the nanoemulsion. The siRNA is paired with dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) to form a hydrophobic salt that is soluble at high concentrations in MCT. The resulting MCT/siRNA-DOTAP solution is formulated into a nanoemulsion with an average particle size of 140 nm. The nanoemulsion displays long term stability over the course of 195 days. In an in vivo murine tumor model, the nanoemulsion facilitates a 46% decrease in Twist1 mRNA after 48 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall S Padilla
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
| | - Montira Tangsangasaksri
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
| | - Chih-Chun Chang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
| | - Sandro Mecozzi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America.
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7
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Chauvier A, Walter NG. Regulation of bacterial gene expression by non-coding RNA: It is all about time! Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:71-85. [PMID: 38211587 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Commensal and pathogenic bacteria continuously evolve to survive in diverse ecological niches by efficiently coordinating gene expression levels in their ever-changing environments. Regulation through the RNA transcript itself offers a faster and more cost-effective way to adapt than protein-based mechanisms and can be leveraged for diagnostic or antimicrobial purposes. However, RNA can fold into numerous intricate, not always functional structures that both expand and obscure the plethora of roles that regulatory RNAs serve within the cell. Here, we review the current knowledge of bacterial non-coding RNAs in relation to their folding pathways and interactions. We posit that co-transcriptional folding of these transcripts ultimately dictates their downstream functions. Elucidating the spatiotemporal folding of non-coding RNAs during transcription therefore provides invaluable insights into bacterial pathogeneses and predictive disease diagnostics. Finally, we discuss the implications of co-transcriptional folding andapplications of RNAs for therapeutics and drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Chauvier
- Single Molecule Analysis Group and Center for RNA Biomedicine, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nils G Walter
- Single Molecule Analysis Group and Center for RNA Biomedicine, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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8
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Kandasamy G, Maity D. Inorganic nanocarriers for siRNA delivery for cancer treatments. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:022001. [PMID: 38181441 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad1baf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
RNA interference is one of the emerging methodologies utilized in the treatment of a wide variety of diseases including cancer. This method specifically uses therapeutic RNAs (TpRNAs) like small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to regulate/silence the cancer-linked genes, thereby minimizing the distinct activities of the cancer cells while aiding in their apoptosis. But, many complications arise during the transport/delivery of these TpRNAs that include poor systemic circulation, instability/degradation inside the body environment, no targeting capacity and also low cellular internalization. These difficulties can be overcome by using nanocarriers to deliver the TpRNAs inside the cancer cells. The following are the various categories of nanocarriers-viral vectors (e.g. lentivirus and adenovirus) and non-viral nanocarriers (self-assembling nanocarriers and inorganic nanocarriers). Viral vectors suffer from disadvantages like high immunogenicity compared to the non-viral nanocarriers. Among non-viral nanocarriers, inorganic nanocarriers gained significant attention as their inherent properties (like magnetic properties) can aid in the effective cellular delivery of the TpRNAs. Most of the prior reports have discussed about the delivery of TpRNAs through self-assembling nanocarriers; however very few have reviewed about their delivery using the inorganic nanoparticles. Therefore, in this review, we have mainly focussed on the delivery of TpRNAs-i.e. siRNA, especially programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), survivin, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), vascular endothelial growth factor and other siRNAs using the inorganic nanoparticles-mainly magnetic, metal and silica nanoparticles. Moreover, we have also discussed about the combined delivery of these TpRNAs along with chemotherapeutic drugs (mainly doxorubicin) andin vitroandin vivotherapeutic effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganeshlenin Kandasamy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical and Communication, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi, Chennai, India
| | - Dipak Maity
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America
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9
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Jiang Y, Li W, Wang Z, Lu J. Lipid-Based Nanotechnology: Liposome. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:34. [PMID: 38258045 PMCID: PMC10820119 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past several decades, liposomes have been extensively developed and used for various clinical applications such as in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and dietetic fields, due to its versatility, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, as well as the ability to enhance the therapeutic index of free drugs. However, some challenges remain unsolved, including liposome premature leakage, manufacturing irreproducibility, and limited translation success. This article reviews various aspects of liposomes, including its advantages, major compositions, and common preparation techniques, and discusses present U.S. FDA-approved, clinical, and preclinical liposomal nanotherapeutics for treating and preventing a variety of human diseases. In addition, we summarize the significance of and challenges in liposome-enabled nanotherapeutic development and hope it provides the fundamental knowledge and concepts about liposomes and their applications and contributions in contemporary pharmaceutical advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhao Jiang
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Track, Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (Y.J.); (W.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Wenpan Li
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Track, Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (Y.J.); (W.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhiren Wang
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Track, Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (Y.J.); (W.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Jianqin Lu
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Track, Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (Y.J.); (W.L.); (Z.W.)
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Program, NCI-Designated University of Arizona Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Southwest Environmental Health Sciences Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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10
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Gogate A, Belcourt J, Shah M, Wang AZ, Frankel A, Kolmel H, Chalon M, Stephen P, Kolli A, Tawfik SM, Jin J, Bahal R, Rasmussen TP, Manautou JE, Zhong XB. Targeting the Liver with Nucleic Acid Therapeutics for the Treatment of Systemic Diseases of Liver Origin. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 76:49-89. [PMID: 37696583 PMCID: PMC10753797 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.000815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic diseases of liver origin (SDLO) are complex diseases in multiple organ systems, such as cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, endocrine, renal, respiratory, and sensory organ systems, caused by irregular liver metabolism and production of functional factors. Examples of such diseases discussed in this article include primary hyperoxaluria, familial hypercholesterolemia, acute hepatic porphyria, hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis, hemophilia, atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, α-1 antitrypsin deficiency-associated liver disease, and complement-mediated diseases. Nucleic acid therapeutics use nucleic acids and related compounds as therapeutic agents to alter gene expression for therapeutic purposes. The two most promising, fastest-growing classes of nucleic acid therapeutics are antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). For each listed SDLO disease, this article discusses epidemiology, symptoms, genetic causes, current treatment options, and advantages and disadvantages of nucleic acid therapeutics by either ASO or siRNA drugs approved or under development. Furthermore, challenges and future perspectives on adverse drug reactions and toxicity of ASO and siRNA drugs for the treatment of SDLO diseases are also discussed. In summary, this review article will highlight the clinical advantages of nucleic acid therapeutics in targeting the liver for the treatment of SDLO diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Systemic diseases of liver origin (SDLO) contain rare and common complex diseases caused by irregular functions of the liver. Nucleic acid therapeutics have shown promising clinical advantages to treat SDLO. This article aims to provide the most updated information on targeting the liver with antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNA drugs. The generated knowledge may stimulate further investigations in this growing field of new therapeutic entities for the treatment of SDLO, which currently have no or limited options for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anagha Gogate
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Jordyn Belcourt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Milan Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Alicia Zongxun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Alexis Frankel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Holly Kolmel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Matthew Chalon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Prajith Stephen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Aarush Kolli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Sherouk M Tawfik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Raman Bahal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Theodore P Rasmussen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - José E Manautou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Xiao-Bo Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
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11
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Kong S, Gao X, Wang Q, Lin J, Qiu L, Xie M. Two Birds with One Stone: A Novel Dithiomaleimide-Based GalNAc-siRNA Conjugate Enabling Good siRNA Delivery and Traceability. Molecules 2023; 28:7184. [PMID: 37894663 PMCID: PMC10609014 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
For the first time, a novel dithiomaleimides (DTM) based tetra-antennary GalNAc conjugate was developed, which enable both efficient siRNA delivery and good traceability, without incorporating extra fluorophores. This conjugate can be readily constructed by three click-type reactions, that is, amidations, thiol-dibromomaleimide addition and copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). And it also has comparable siRNA delivery efficiency, with a GalNAc L96 standard to mTTR target. Additionally, due to the internal DTMs, a highly fluorescent emission was observed, which benefited delivery tracking and reduced the cost and side effects of the extra addition of hydrophobic dye molecules. In all, the simple incorporation of DTMs to the GalNAc conjugate structure has potential in gene therapy and tracking applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudong Kong
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (S.K.); (X.G.); (Q.W.)
- Suzhou Biosyntech Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215300, China
| | - Xiaoqing Gao
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (S.K.); (X.G.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qianhui Wang
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (S.K.); (X.G.); (Q.W.)
| | - Jianguo Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China;
| | - Ling Qiu
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (S.K.); (X.G.); (Q.W.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China;
| | - Minhao Xie
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (S.K.); (X.G.); (Q.W.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China;
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