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Soares CLR, Wilairatana P, Silva LR, Moreira PS, Vilar Barbosa NMM, da Silva PR, Coutinho HDM, de Menezes IRA, Felipe CFB. Biochemical aspects of the inflammatory process: A narrative review. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115764. [PMID: 37897973 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a protective response of the body potentially caused by microbial, viral, or fungal infections, tissue damage, or even autoimmune reactions. The cardinal signs of inflammation are consequences of immunological, biochemical, and physiological changes that trigger the release of pro-inflammatory chemical mediators at the local of the injured site thus, increasing blood flow, vascular permeability, and leukocyte recruitment. The aim of this study is to give an overview of the inflammatory process, focusing on chemical mediators. The literature review was based on a search of journals published between the years 2009 and 2023, regarding the role of major chemical mediators in the inflammatory process and current studies in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy. Some of the recent contributions in the study of inflammatory pathologies and their mediators, including cytokines and chemokines, the kinin system, free radicals, nitric oxide, histamine, cell adhesion molecules, leukotrienes, prostaglandins and the complement system and their role in human health and chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Leal Rodrigues Soares
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular - DBM. Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Campus I - Jardim Cidade Universitária, CEP 58059-900 João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Larissa Rodrigues Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular - DBM. Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Campus I - Jardim Cidade Universitária, CEP 58059-900 João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Polyanna Silva Moreira
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular - DBM. Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Campus I - Jardim Cidade Universitária, CEP 58059-900 João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Nayana Maria Medeiros Vilar Barbosa
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular - DBM. Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Campus I - Jardim Cidade Universitária, CEP 58059-900 João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Pablo Rayff da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular - DBM. Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Campus I - Jardim Cidade Universitária, CEP 58059-900 João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular - LMBM. Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA, Rua Cel Antônio Luiz, 1161, Oimenta, CEP 63105-000 Crato, Brazil.
| | - Irwin Rose Alencar de Menezes
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Química Molecular - LFQM. Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA, Rua Cel Antônio Luiz, 1161, Pimenta, CEP 63105-000 Crato, Brazil
| | - Cícero Francisco Bezerra Felipe
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular - DBM. Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Campus I - Jardim Cidade Universitária, CEP 58059-900 João Pessoa, Brazil.
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Kato S, Onishi S, Sasai M, Yasuda H, Saeki K, Matsumoto K, Yokomizo T. Deficiency of leukotriene B4 receptor type 1 ameliorates ovalbumin-induced allergic enteritis in mice. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2023. [PMID: 37406678 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 receptor type 1 (BLT1), a high-affinity receptor for leukotriene B4 (LTB4), plays an important role in inflammatory responses, including allergic airway inflammation. In this study, we examined the effect of genetic BLT1 deletion (BLT1KO) on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic enteritis in mice to determine the pathogenic role of LTB4/BLT1 in allergic enteritis, a gastrointestinal form of food allergy. Repeated oral OVA challenges after sensitization with OVA and aluminium potassium sulphate induced allergic enteritis, characterized by systemic allergic symptoms (scratching, immobility and swelling), diarrhoea, colonic oedema and colonic goblet cell hyperplasia, accompanied by increased colonic peroxidase activity, colonic inflammatory cytokine expression and increased serum OVA-specific IgE levels. The severity of enteritis was significantly attenuated in BLT1KO mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice, without an increase in serum OVA-specific IgE levels. The accumulation of neutrophils, eosinophils, M2-macrophages, dendritic cells, CD4+ T cells and mast cells was observed in the colonic mucosa of allergic enteritis, and such accumulation was significantly lower in BLT1KO mice than in WT mice. BLT1 expression was upregulated and colocalized mostly in neutrophils and partly in eosinophils and dendritic cells in the colonic mucosa of allergic enteritis. These findings indicate that BLT1 deficiency ameliorates OVA-induced allergic enteritis in mice and that LTB4/BLT1 contributes to neutrophil and eosinophil accumulation in the allergic colonic mucosa. Therefore, BLT1 is a promising drug target for treating food allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Kato
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Suzuka Onishi
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Misaki Sasai
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yasuda
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuko Saeki
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Matsumoto
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Japan
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3
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Toxoplasma gondii Infection Decreases Intestinal 5-Lipoxygenase Expression, while Exogenous LTB 4 Controls Parasite Growth. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0002922. [PMID: 35658510 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00029-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) is an enzyme required for the production of leukotrienes and lipoxins and interferes with parasitic infections. In vitro, Toxoplasma gondii inhibits leukotriene B4 (LTB4) production, and mice deficient in 5-LO are highly susceptible to infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the pharmacological inhibition of the 5-LO pathway and exogenous LTB4 supplementation during experimental toxoplasmosis. For this purpose, susceptible C57BL/6 mice were orally infected with T. gondii and treated with LTB4 or MK886 (a selective leukotriene inhibitor through inhibition of 5-LO-activating protein [FLAP]). The parasitism, histology, and immunological parameters were analyzed. The infection decreased 5-LO expression in the small intestine, and treatment with MK886 reinforced this reduction during infection; in addition, MK886-treated infected mice presented higher intestinal parasitism, which was associated with lower local interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production. In contrast, treatment with LTB4 controlled parasite replication in the small intestine, liver, and lung and decreased pulmonary pathology. Interestingly, treatment with LTB4 also preserved the number of Paneth cells and increased α-defensins expression and IgA levels in the small intestine of infected mice. Altogether, these data demonstrated that T. gondii infection is associated with a decrease in 5-LO expression, and on the other hand, treatment with the 5-LO pathway product LTB4 resulted in better control of parasite growth in the organs, adding to the knowledge about the pathogenesis of T. gondii infection.
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Olsen MV, Lyngstadaas AV, Bair JA, Hodges RR, Utheim TP, Serhan CN, Dartt DA. Signaling Pathways Used by the Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediator Maresin 2 Regulate Goblet Cell Function: Comparison with Maresin 1. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6233. [PMID: 35682912 PMCID: PMC9181304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), including Maresins (MaR)-1 and 2, contribute to tear film homeostasis and resolve conjunctival inflammation. We investigated MaR2's signaling pathways in goblet cells (GC) from rat conjunctiva. Agonist-induced [Ca2+]i and high-molecular weight glycoconjugate secretion were measured. MaR2 increased [Ca2+]i and stimulated secretion. MaR2 and MaR1 stimulate conjunctival goblet cell function, especially secretion, by activating different but overlapping GPCR and signaling pathways, and furthermore counter-regulate histamine stimulated increase in [Ca2+]i. Thus, MaR2 and MaR1 play a role in maintaining the ocular surface and tear film homeostasis in health and disease. As MaR2 and MaR1 modulate conjunctival goblet cell function, they each may have potential as novel, but differing, options for the treatment of ocular surface inflammatory diseases including allergic conjunctivitis and dry eye disease. We conclude that in conjunctival GC MaR2 and MaR1, both increase the [Ca2+]i and stimulate secretion to maintain homeostasis by using one set of different, but overlapping, signaling pathways to increase [Ca2+]i and another set to stimulate secretion. MaR2 also resolves ocular allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus V. Olsen
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (M.V.O.); (A.V.L.); (J.A.B.); (R.R.H.); (T.P.U.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne V. Lyngstadaas
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (M.V.O.); (A.V.L.); (J.A.B.); (R.R.H.); (T.P.U.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeffrey A. Bair
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (M.V.O.); (A.V.L.); (J.A.B.); (R.R.H.); (T.P.U.)
| | - Robin R. Hodges
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (M.V.O.); (A.V.L.); (J.A.B.); (R.R.H.); (T.P.U.)
| | - Tor P. Utheim
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (M.V.O.); (A.V.L.); (J.A.B.); (R.R.H.); (T.P.U.)
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Charles N. Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesia, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Darlene A. Dartt
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (M.V.O.); (A.V.L.); (J.A.B.); (R.R.H.); (T.P.U.)
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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5
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El-Shayeb A, El-Mallah S, Deghady A, El-Hewely S, Elwazzan D. Validity of serum leukotriene B4 as a marker of decompensated liver cirrhosis in chronic HCV patients: leukotriene B4 in decompensated liver cirrhosis. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-021-00152-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Liver cirrhosis is divided into two stages: compensated stage and another advanced stage which includes both decompensated cirrhosis and acute-on-chronic liver failure. The immune system is of major importance in cirrhosis pathophysiology. Sustained bacterial translocation from the intestine to systemic circulation causes a chronic systemic inflammatory syndrome. Inflammatory markers are emerging in the scope of cirrhosis and its complications due to their deleterious effects on disease progression and prognosis. The aim of the study was to assess the value of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) as a marker of decompensated cirrhosis and to evaluate its relation to disease progression and complications.
Results
The current study was conducted on 80 candidates in the Alexandria Main University Hospital, Tropical Medicine Department; they were categorized into three groups: group I (n = 30) compensated cirrhotic patients, group II (n = 30) decompensated cirrhotic patients, and group III (n = 20) apparently healthy individuals. Serum LTB4 was measured by ELISA. LTB4 showed statistically significant higher values in the decompensated group than the compensated group (p = 0.007) and the control group (p = 0.002). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the compensated group and the controls (p = 0.510). LTB4 correlated positively with the Child-Pugh score (p = 0.003). Moreover, it correlated positively with the MELD-Na score (p = 0.012). There was a significant correlation between the degree of ascites and serum LTB4 (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant correlation between hepatic encephalopathy and LTB4 (P > 0.204).
Conclusion
Serum LTB4 could be used as a sensitive biomarker of decompensation in cirrhotic patients.
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Hernandez-Olmos V, Heering J, Bischoff-Kont I, Kaps A, Rajkumar R, Liu T, Fürst R, Steinhilber D, Proschak E. Discovery of Irbesartan Derivatives as BLT2 Agonists by Virtual Screening. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1261-1266. [PMID: 34413955 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Leuktriene B4 receptor 2 (BLT2) is a G-protein coupled receptor modulation of which is discussed to be a therapeutic option for healing of intestinal lesions. In this work, new BLT2 agonists were identified by a virtual screening of a repurposing library and in vitro assay of the most promising compounds. Irbesartan, an approved type-1 angiotensin II receptor (AT1) antagonist, was identified as a moderate BLT2 agonist. An initial SAR study on the irbesartan scaffold was performed resulting in the discovery of a new potent BLT2 agonist (8f, EC50 = 67.6 nM). Irbesartan and 8f were shown to promote proliferation of epithelial colon cells, an effect which was reversible by a BLT2 antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Hernandez-Olmos
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Phamacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jan Heering
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Phamacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Iris Bischoff-Kont
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexander Kaps
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Phamacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rinusha Rajkumar
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Phamacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ting Liu
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Phamacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Robert Fürst
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Phamacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Phamacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Amison RT, Page CP. Novel pharmacological therapies for the treatment of bronchial asthma. Minerva Med 2021; 113:31-50. [PMID: 34236157 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.21.07559-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Asthma has long been recognised as a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, often in response to inhaled allergens prompting inappropriate activation of the immune response. involving a range of cells including mast cells, Th2 lymphocytes and eosinophils and a wide range of inflammatory mediators. First-line therapy for treatment of persistent asthma involves the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in combination with inhaled β2-agonists enabling both the control of the underlying airways inflammation and a reduction of airway hyperresponsiveness. However, many patients remain symptomatic despite high-dose therapy. There is therefore a continued unmet clinical need to develop specifically new anti-inflammatory therapies for patients with asthma, either as an add-on therapy to ICS or as replacement monotherapies. The success of fixed dose combination inhalers containing both a bronchodilator and an anti-inflammatory drug has also led to the development of "bifunctional" drugs which are molecules specifically designed to have two distinct pharmacological actions based on distinct pharmacophores. In this review we will discuss these different pharmacological approaches under development for the treatment of bronchial asthma and the available pre-clinical and clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Amison
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK -
| | - Clive P Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Koga T, Sasaki F, Saeki K, Tsuchiya S, Okuno T, Ohba M, Ichiki T, Iwamoto S, Uzawa H, Kitajima K, Meno C, Nakamura E, Tada N, Fukui Y, Kikuta J, Ishii M, Sugimoto Y, Nakao M, Yokomizo T. Expression of leukotriene B 4 receptor 1 defines functionally distinct DCs that control allergic skin inflammation. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:1437-1449. [PMID: 33037399 PMCID: PMC8167169 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00559-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor 1 (BLT1) is a chemotactic G protein-coupled receptor expressed by leukocytes, such as granulocytes, macrophages, and activated T cells. Although there is growing evidence that BLT1 plays crucial roles in immune responses, its role in dendritic cells remains largely unknown. Here, we identified novel DC subsets defined by the expression of BLT1, namely, BLT1hi and BLT1lo DCs. We also found that BLT1hi and BLT1lo DCs differentially migrated toward LTB4 and CCL21, a lymph node-homing chemoattractant, respectively. By generating LTB4-producing enzyme LTA4H knockout mice and CD11c promoter-driven Cre recombinase-expressing BLT1 conditional knockout (BLT1 cKO) mice, we showed that the migration of BLT1hi DCs exacerbated allergic contact dermatitis. Comprehensive transcriptome analysis revealed that BLT1hi DCs preferentially induced Th1 differentiation by upregulating IL-12p35 expression, whereas BLT1lo DCs accelerated T cell proliferation by producing IL-2. Collectively, the data reveal an unexpected role for BLT1 as a novel DC subset marker and provide novel insights into the role of the LTB4-BLT1 axis in the spatiotemporal regulation of distinct DC subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Koga
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Sasaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuko Saeki
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Soken Tsuchiya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Okuno
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Mai Ohba
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takako Ichiki
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iwamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Uzawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Keiko Kitajima
- Department of Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Chikara Meno
- Department of Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Eri Nakamura
- Laboratory of Genome Research, Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Norihiro Tada
- Laboratory of Genome Research, Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fukui
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Junichi Kikuta
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Sugimoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Nakao
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
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Tajbakhsh A, Gheibi Hayat SM, Movahedpour A, Savardashtaki A, Loveless R, Barreto GE, Teng Y, Sahebkar A. The complex roles of efferocytosis in cancer development, metastasis, and treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111776. [PMID: 34062411 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
When tumor cells are killed by targeted therapy, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy, they trigger their primary tumor by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. Microenvironmental interactions can also promote tumor heterogeneity and development. In this line, several immune cells within the tumor microenvironment, including macrophages, dendritic cells, regulatory T-cells, and CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, are involved in the clearance of apoptotic tumor cells through a process called efferocytosis. Although the efficiency of apoptotic tumor cell efferocytosis is positive under physiological conditions, there are controversies regarding its usefulness in treatment-induced apoptotic tumor cells (ATCs). Efferocytosis can show the limitation of cytotoxic treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Since cytotoxic treatments lead to extensive cell mortality, efferocytosis, and macrophage polarization toward an M2 phenotype, the immune response may get involved in tumor recurrence and metastasis. Tumor cells can use the anti-inflammatory effect of apoptotic tumor cell efferocytosis to induce an immunosuppressive condition that is tumor-tolerant. Since M2 polarization and efferocytosis are tumor-promoting processes, the receptors on macrophages act as potential targets for cancer therapy. Moreover, researchers have shown that efferocytosis-related molecules/pathways are potential targets for cancer therapy. These include phosphatidylserine and calreticulin, Tyro3, Axl, and Mer tyrosine kinase (MerTK), receptors of tyrosine kinase, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1, annexin V, CD47, TGF-β, IL-10, and macrophage phenotype switch are combined with conventional therapy, which can be more effective in cancer treatment. Thus, we set out to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of efferocytosis in treatment-induced apoptotic tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tajbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibi Hayat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ahmad Movahedpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Reid Loveless
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Medical Laboratory, Imaging and Radiologic Sciences, College of Allied Health, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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10
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Hernandez-Olmos V, Heering J, Planz V, Liu T, Kaps A, Rajkumar R, Gramzow M, Kaiser A, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Parnham MJ, Windbergs M, Steinhilber D, Proschak E. First Structure-Activity Relationship Study of Potent BLT2 Agonists as Potential Wound-Healing Promoters. J Med Chem 2020; 63:11548-11572. [PMID: 32946232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The first potent leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor type 2 (BLT2) agonists, endogenous 12(S)-hydroxyheptadeca-5Z,8E,10E-trienoic acid (12-HHT), and synthetic CAY10583 (CAY) have been recently described to accelerate wound healing by enhanced keratinocyte migration and indirect stimulation of fibroblast activity in diabetic rats. CAY represents a very valuable starting point for the development of novel wound-healing promoters. In this work, the first structure-activity relationship study for CAY scaffold-based BLT2 agonists is presented. The newly prepared derivatives showed promising in vitro wound-healing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Hernandez-Olmos
- Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jan Heering
- Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Viktoria Planz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ting Liu
- Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexander Kaps
- Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rinusha Rajkumar
- Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Matthias Gramzow
- Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Astrid Kaiser
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Manfred Schubert-Zsilavecz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael J Parnham
- Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maike Windbergs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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11
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Bodhale N, Ohms M, Ferreira C, Mesquita I, Mukherjee A, André S, Sarkar A, Estaquier J, Laskay T, Saha B, Silvestre R. Cytokines and metabolic regulation: A framework of bidirectional influences affecting Leishmania infection. Cytokine 2020; 147:155267. [PMID: 32917471 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania, a protozoan parasite inflicting the complex of diseases called Leishmaniases, resides and replicates as amastigotes within mammalian macrophages. As macrophages are metabolically highly active and can generate free radicals that can destroy this parasite, Leishmania also devise strategies to modulate the host cell metabolism. However, the metabolic changes can also be influenced by the anti-leishmanial immune response mediated by cytokines. This bidirectional, dynamic and complex metabolic coupling established between Leishmania and its host is the result of a long co-evolutionary process. Due to the continuous alterations imposed by the host microenvironment, such metabolic coupling continues to be dynamically regulated. The constant pursuit and competition for nutrients in the host-Leishmania duet alter the host metabolic pathways with major consequences for its nutritional reserves, eventually affecting the phenotype and functionality of the host cell. Altered phenotype and functions of macrophages are particularly relevant to immune cells, as perturbed metabolic fluxes can crucially affect the activation, differentiation, and functions of host immune cells. All these changes can deterministically direct the outcome of an infection. Cytokines and metabolic fluxes can bidirectionally influence each other through molecular sensors and regulators to dictate the final infection outcome. Our studies along with those from others have now identified the metabolic nodes that can be targeted for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Bodhale
- National Centre for Cell Science, 411007 Pune, India; Jagadis Bose National Science Talent Search (JBNSTS), Kolkata 700107 India
| | - Mareike Ohms
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23538, Germany
| | - Carolina Ferreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Inês Mesquita
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | | | - Sónia André
- INSERM U1124, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Arup Sarkar
- Trident Academy of Creative Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Jérôme Estaquier
- INSERM U1124, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France; Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Tamás Laskay
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23538, Germany
| | - Bhaskar Saha
- National Centre for Cell Science, 411007 Pune, India; Trident Academy of Creative Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Ricardo Silvestre
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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12
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Hoxha M, Spahiu E, Prendi E, Zappacosta B. A Systematic Review on the Role of Arachidonic Acid Pathway in Multiple Sclerosis. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 21:160-187. [PMID: 32842948 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200825164123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease characterized by destruction of oligodendrocytes, immune cell infiltration and demyelination. Inflammation plays a significant role in MS, and the inflammatory mediators such as eicosanoids, leukotrienes, superoxide radicals are involved in pro-inflammatory responses in MS. In this systematic review we tried to define and discuss all the findings of in vivo animal studies and human clinical trials on the potential association between arachidonic acid (AA) pathway and multiple sclerosis. METHODS A systematic literature search across Pubmed, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane database was conducted. This systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS A total of 146 studies were included, of which 34 were conducted in animals, 58 in humans, and 60 studies reported the role of different compounds that target AA mediators or their corresponding enzymes/ receptors, and can have a therapeutic effect in MS. These results suggest that eicosanoids have significant roles in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and MS. The data from animal and human studies elucidated that PGI2, PGF2α, PGD2, isoprostanes, PGE2, PLA2, LTs are increased in MS. PLA2 inhibition modulates the progression of the disease. PGE1 analogues can be a useful option in the treatment of MS. CONCLUSIONS All studies reported the beneficial effects of COX and LOX inhibitors in MS. The hybrid compounds, such as COX-2 inhibitors/TP antagonists and 5-LOX inhibitors can be an innovative approach for multiple sclerosis treatment. Future work in MS should shed light in synthesizing new compounds targeting arachidonic acid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvina Hoxha
- Department of Chemical-Toxicological and Pharmacological Evaluations of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Rruga Dritan Hoxha, Tirana. Albania
| | | | - Emanuela Prendi
- Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rruga Dritan Hoxha, Tirana. Albania
| | - Bruno Zappacosta
- Department of Chemical-Toxicological and Pharmacological Evaluations of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Rruga Dritan Hoxha, Tirana. Albania
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13
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Abstract
A limited number of peripheral targets generate pain. Inflammatory mediators can sensitize these. The review addresses targets acting exclusively or predominantly on sensory neurons, mediators involved in inflammation targeting sensory neurons, and mediators involved in a more general inflammatory process, of which an analgesic effect secondary to an anti-inflammatory effect can be expected. Different approaches to address these systems are discussed, including scavenging proinflammatory mediators, applying anti-inflammatory mediators, and inhibiting proinflammatory or facilitating anti-inflammatory receptors. New approaches are contrasted to established ones; the current stage of progress is mentioned, in particular considering whether there is data from a molecular and cellular level, from animals, or from human trials, including an early stage after a market release. An overview of publication activity is presented, considering a IuPhar/BPS-curated list of targets with restriction to pain-related publications, which was also used to identify topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmin I Ciotu
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael J M Fischer
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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14
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Giusti F, Casiraghi M, Point E, Damian M, Rieger J, Bon CL, Pozza A, Moncoq K, Banères JL, Catoire LJ. Structure of the agonist 12-HHT in its BLT2 receptor-bound state. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2630. [PMID: 32060341 PMCID: PMC7021728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59571-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
G Protein-Coupled receptors represent the main communicating pathway for signals from the outside to the inside of most of eukaryotic cells. They define the largest family of integral membrane receptors at the surface of the cells and constitute the main target of the current drugs on the market. The low affinity leukotriene receptor BLT2 is a receptor involved in pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways and can be activated by various unsaturated fatty acid compounds. We present here the NMR structure of the agonist 12-HHT in its BLT2-bound state and a model of interaction of the ligand with the receptor based on a conformational homology modeling associated with docking simulations. Put into perspective with the data obtained with leukotriene B4, our results illuminate the ligand selectivity of BLT2 and may help define new molecules to modulate the activity of this receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Giusti
- Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, UMR 7099, CNRS/Université de Paris, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (FRC 550), 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France.,Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule, ICSM UMR 5257, Site de Marcoule, Bâtiment 426, BP 17171, F-30207, Bagnols sur Cèze Cedex, France
| | - Marina Casiraghi
- Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, UMR 7099, CNRS/Université de Paris, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (FRC 550), 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, 94305, Stanford California, USA
| | - Elodie Point
- Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, UMR 7099, CNRS/Université de Paris, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (FRC 550), 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Marjorie Damian
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, , 15 av. Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Jutta Rieger
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8232, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris Cedex, 05, France
| | - Christel Le Bon
- Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, UMR 7099, CNRS/Université de Paris, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (FRC 550), 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Pozza
- Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, UMR 7099, CNRS/Université de Paris, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (FRC 550), 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Karine Moncoq
- Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, UMR 7099, CNRS/Université de Paris, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (FRC 550), 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Banères
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, , 15 av. Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent J Catoire
- Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, UMR 7099, CNRS/Université de Paris, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (FRC 550), 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France.
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15
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Swendeman SL, Hla T. Lipid Mediators, M2 Macrophages, and Pathological Neovascularization. Trends Mol Med 2018; 24:977-978. [PMID: 30448396 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sasaki and colleagues [1] (JCI Insight 2018;3,e96902) identified the leukocyte inflammatory lipid mediator leukotriene B4 (LTB4)/LTB4 receptor 1 receptor-signaling axis in M2 macrophages as a causal pathway for the vascular endothelial growth factor-dependent pathological neovascularization in a mouse model that mimics wet age-related macular degeneration. This observation provides a novel mechanism by which an eicosanoid lipid mediator drives retinal vascular pathology and suggests a novel therapeutic target for proliferative retinal vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Swendeman
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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16
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Effects of monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor URB602 on lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:578-584. [PMID: 30366666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) is a common and severe postoperative pathologic complication that often occurs when the oxygen supply disrupted to the lung tissue fallowed by reperfusion period, in most cases after lung transplantation and cardiopulmonary bypass. Endocannabinoids such as 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) have very important role as regulators of inflammation. Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is the main 2-AG-degrading enzyme, and the downstream metabolites of 2-AG play a role in the inflammation. Ischemia reperfusion (IR) was induced by clamping the left pulmonary hilum for 60 min, followed by 120 min of reperfusion in male C57BL/6 mice. Effects of URB602, a MAGL inhibitor, were evaluated in a preventive or therapeutic regimen (5 min before ischemia or reperfusion, respectively). Oxygenation index, wet-to-dry weight ratio and lung injury score were analyzed. Endocannabinoids including 2-AG, anandamide (AEA) and arachidonic acid (AA) levels, metabolites such as Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2), Thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and Leukotrienes B4 (LTB4) and inflammatory markers (Interleukin 6 (IL-6) andTumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) in lung tissues were measured by using mass spectrometry or ELISA analyses. We found that IR increased the wet-to-dry weight ratio of lung and lung injury score and decreased oxygenation index as compared to the sham group. Moreover, treatment with URB602 in preventive or therapeutic regimen reduced the wet-to-dry weight ratio and lung injury score while increased oxygenation index when compared with the IR group, with a more improvement in the preventive regimen group. In addition, treatment with URB602 before ischemia increased 2-AG level but decreased metabolites (AA, PGI2, TXB2, LTB4) and inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α). Thus, our study demonstrated that a pretreatment with URB602 significantly reduced IR-induced lung injury and inflammation. URB602 inhibited LIRI and inflammation by increasing 2-AG level and reducing downstream metabolites from AA to PGI2, TXB2 and LTB4 in lung tissues.
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17
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Saeki K, Yokomizo T. Identification, signaling, and functions of LTB 4 receptors. Semin Immunol 2018; 33:30-36. [PMID: 29042026 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), a lipid mediator produced from arachidonic acid, is a chemoattractant for inflammatory leukocytes. We identified two receptors for LTB4, the high-affinity receptor BLT1 and the low-affinity receptor BLT2. BLT1 is expressed in various subsets of leukocytes, and analyses of BLT1-deficient mice revealed that the LTB4/BLT1 axis enhances leukocyte recruitment to infected sites, and is involved in the elimination of pathogens. Hyperactivation of the LTB4/BLT1 axis induces acute and chronic inflammation, resulting in various inflammatory diseases. BLT2 was originally identified as a low-affinity receptor for LTB4, and we later identified 12(S)-hydroxy-5Z,8E,10E-heptadecatrienoic acid (12-HHT) as a high-affinity ligand for BLT2. BLT2 is highly expressed in epithelial cells in various tissues including intestine and skin. Large quantities of 12-HHT are produced by activated platelets during skin injury, and activation of BLT2 on epidermal keratinocytes accelerates skin wound healing by enhancing cell migration. BLT2 signaling also enhances cell-cell junctions, protectes against transepidermal water loss, and preventes entry of environmental substances into the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Saeki
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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18
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Boff D, Crijns H, Teixeira MM, Amaral FA, Proost P. Neutrophils: Beneficial and Harmful Cells in Septic Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E468. [PMID: 29401737 PMCID: PMC5855690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Septic arthritis is an inflammatory joint disease that is induced by pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus. Infection of the joint triggers an acute inflammatory response directed by inflammatory mediators including microbial danger signals and cytokines and is accompanied by an influx of leukocytes. The recruitment of these inflammatory cells depends on gradients of chemoattractants including formylated peptides from the infectious agent or dying cells, host-derived leukotrienes, complement proteins and chemokines. Neutrophils are of major importance and play a dual role in the pathogenesis of septic arthritis. On the one hand, these leukocytes are indispensable in the first-line defense to kill invading pathogens in the early stage of disease. However, on the other hand, neutrophils act as mediators of tissue destruction. Since the elimination of inflammatory neutrophils from the site of inflammation is a prerequisite for resolution of the acute inflammatory response, the prolonged stay of these leukocytes at the inflammatory site can lead to irreversible damage to the infected joint, which is known as an important complication in septic arthritis patients. Thus, timely reduction of the recruitment of inflammatory neutrophils to infected joints may be an efficient therapy to reduce tissue damage in septic arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Boff
- Imunofarmacologia, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Helena Crijns
- Imunofarmacologia, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Imunofarmacologia, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Flavio A Amaral
- Imunofarmacologia, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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19
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Silva CAM, Belisle JT. Host Lipid Mediators in Leprosy: The Hypothesized Contributions to Pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:134. [PMID: 29472920 PMCID: PMC5810268 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The spectrum of clinical forms observed in leprosy and its pathogenesis are dictated by the host's immune response against Mycobacterium leprae, the etiological agent of leprosy. Previous results, based on metabolomics studies, demonstrated a strong relationship between clinical manifestations of leprosy and alterations in the metabolism of ω3 and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and the diverse set of lipid mediators derived from PUFAs. PUFA-derived lipid mediators provide multiple functions during acute inflammation, and some lipid mediators are able to induce both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses as determined by the cell surface receptors being expressed, as well as the cell type expressing the receptors. However, little is known about how these compounds influence cellular immune activities during chronic granulomatous infectious diseases, such as leprosy. Current evidence suggests that specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) are involved in the down-modulation of the innate and adaptive immune response against M. leprae and that alteration in the homeostasis of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators versus SPMs is associated with dramatic shifts in the pathogenesis of leprosy. In this review, we discuss the possible consequences and present new hypotheses for the involvement of ω3 and ω6 PUFA metabolism in the pathogenesis of leprosy. A specific emphasis is placed on developing models of lipid mediator interactions with the innate and adaptive immune responses and the influence of these interactions on the outcome of leprosy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. M. Silva
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - John T. Belisle
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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20
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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug delays corneal wound healing by reducing production of 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid, a ligand for leukotriene B 4 receptor 2. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13267. [PMID: 29038497 PMCID: PMC5643301 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13122-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used to reduce inflammation by suppressing cyclooxygenases (COXs). NSAID eye drops are frequently prescribed after ocular surgery to reduce inflammation and pain, but this treatment has clinically significant side effects, including corneal ulcer and perforation. The molecular mechanisms underlying these side effects remain unknown. Recently, the COX product 12(S)-hydroxyheptadeca-5Z,8E,10E-trienoic acid (12-HHT) was identified as an endogenous ligand for leukotriene B4 receptor 2 (BLT2), which is important in maintenance of epithelial homeostasis. We hypothesized that NSAID-dependent corneal damage is caused by reduced production of 12-HHT. Diclofenac eye drops decreased the abundance of downstream products of COX and delayed corneal wound healing in BALB/c mice. Expression of BLT2 was observed in murine ocular tissues including cornea, and in human corneal epithelial cell line and human primary corneal epithelial cells. In BLT2-knockout mice, corneal wound healing was delayed, but the diclofenac-dependent delay in corneal wound healing disappeared. 12-HHT accelerated wound closure both in BLT2-transfected corneal cell line and human primary corneal epithelial cells. Thus, our results reveal that NSAIDs delay corneal wound healing by inhibiting 12-HHT production, and suggest that stimulation of the 12-HHT/BLT2 axis represents a novel therapeutic approach to corneal wound healing.
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21
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Bhatt L, Roinestad K, Van T, Springman E. Recent advances in clinical development of leukotriene B4 pathway drugs. Semin Immunol 2017; 33:65-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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Abstract
As the largest receptor gene family in the human genome, with >800 members, the signal-transducing G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play critical roles in nearly all conceivable physiological processes, ranging from the sensing of photons and odorants to metabolic homeostasis and migration of leukocytes. Unfortunately, an exhaustive review of the several hundred GPCRs expressed by myeloid cells/macrophages (P.J. Groot-Kormelink, L .Fawcett, P.D. Wright, M. Gosling, and T.C. Kent, BMC Immunol 12:57, 2012, doi:10.1186/1471-2172-13-57) is beyond the scope of this chapter; however, we will endeavor to cover the GPCRs that contribute to the major facets of macrophage biology, i.e., those whose expression is restricted to macrophages and the GPCRs involved in macrophage differentiation/polarization, microbial elimination, inflammation and resolution, and macrophage-mediated pathology. The chemokine receptors, a major group of myeloid GPCRs, will not be extensively covered as they are comprehensively reviewed elsewhere.
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Percher F, Curis C, Pérès E, Artesi M, Rosewick N, Jeannin P, Gessain A, Gout O, Mahieux R, Ceccaldi PE, Van den Broeke A, Duc Dodon M, Afonso PV. HTLV-1-induced leukotriene B4 secretion by T cells promotes T cell recruitment and virus propagation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15890. [PMID: 28639618 PMCID: PMC5489682 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is efficiently transmitted through cellular contacts. While the molecular mechanisms of viral cell-to-cell propagation have been extensively studied in vitro, those facilitating the encounter between infected and target cells remain unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that HTLV-1-infected CD4 T cells secrete a potent chemoattractant, leukotriene B4 (LTB4). LTB4 secretion is dependent on Tax-induced transactivation of the pla2g4c gene, which encodes the cytosolic phospholipase A2 gamma. Inhibition of LTB4 secretion or LTB4 receptor knockdown on target cells reduces T-cell recruitment, cellular contact formation and virus propagation in vitro. Finally, blocking the synthesis of LTB4 in a humanized mouse model of HTLV-1 infection significantly reduces proviral load. This results from a decrease in the number of infected clones while their expansion is not impaired. This study shows the critical role of LTB4 secretion in HTLV-1 transmission both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Percher
- Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris F-75015, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 3569, Paris F-75015, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Céline Curis
- Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris F-75015, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 3569, Paris F-75015, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Eléonore Pérès
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, ENS de Lyon, INSERM U1210 CNRS-UCBL UMR 5239, UMS 3444 SFR Biosciences-Lyon, Lyon F-69007, France
| | - Maria Artesi
- Unit of Animal Genomics, Groupe Interdisciplinaire Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Université de Liège, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Rosewick
- Unit of Animal Genomics, Groupe Interdisciplinaire Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Université de Liège, Liège B-4000, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels B-1000, Belgium
| | - Patricia Jeannin
- Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris F-75015, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 3569, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Antoine Gessain
- Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris F-75015, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 3569, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Olivier Gout
- Service de Neurologie, Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris F-75019, France
| | - Renaud Mahieux
- Equipe Oncogenèse Rétrovirale, ENS de Lyon, and Equipe Labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR 5308, Lyon F-69007, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Ceccaldi
- Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris F-75015, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 3569, Paris F-75015, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Anne Van den Broeke
- Unit of Animal Genomics, Groupe Interdisciplinaire Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Université de Liège, Liège B-4000, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels B-1000, Belgium
| | - Madeleine Duc Dodon
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, ENS de Lyon, INSERM U1210 CNRS-UCBL UMR 5239, UMS 3444 SFR Biosciences-Lyon, Lyon F-69007, France
| | - Philippe V. Afonso
- Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris F-75015, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 3569, Paris F-75015, France
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Hertzel AV, Xu H, Downey M, Kvalheim N, Bernlohr DA. Fatty acid binding protein 4/aP2-dependent BLT1R expression and signaling. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1354-1361. [PMID: 28546450 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m074542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that reduced levels of the adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (FABP)4 (AFABP/aP2), result in metabolic improvement including potentiated insulin sensitivity and attenuated atherosclerosis. Mechanistically, pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of FABP4 in macrophages upregulates UCP2, attenuates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, polarizes cells toward the anti-inflammatory M2 state, and reduces leukotriene (LT) secretion. At the protein level, FABP4 stabilizes LTA4 toward chemical hydrolysis, thereby potentiating inflammatory LTC4 synthesis. Herein, we extend the FABP4-LT axis and demonstrate that genetic knockout of FABP4 reduces expression of the major macrophage LT receptor, LTB4 receptor 1 (BLT1R), via a ROS-dependent mechanism. Consistent with inflammation driving BLT1R expression, M1 polarized macrophages express increased levels of BLT1R relative to M2 polarized macrophages and treatment with proinflammatory lipopolysaccharide increased BLT1R mRNA and protein expression. In FABP4 knockout macrophages, silencing of UCP2, increased ROS levels and led to increased expression of BLT1R mRNA. Similarly, addition of exogenous H2O2 upregulated BLT1R expression, whereas the addition of a ROS scavenger, N-acetyl cysteine, decreased BLT1R levels. As compared with WT macrophages, LTB4-BLT1R-dependent JAK2-phosphorylation was reduced in FABP4 knockout macrophages. In summary, these results indicate that FABP4 regulates the expression of BLT1R and its downstream signaling via control of oxidative stress in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann V Hertzel
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Hongliang Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Michael Downey
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Nicholas Kvalheim
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - David A Bernlohr
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.
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Generation and characterization of a human-mouse chimeric high-affinity antibody that detects the DYKDDDDK FLAG peptide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:1077-1082. [PMID: 28377223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.03.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DYKDDDDK peptide (FLAG) is a useful tool for investigating the function and localization of proteins whose antibodies (Abs) are not available. We recently established a high-affinity monoclonal antibody (mAb) for FLAG (clone 2H8). The 2H8 Ab is highly sensitive for detecting FLAG-tagged proteins by flowcytometry and immunoprecipitation, but it can yield nonspecific signals in immunohistochemistry of mouse tissues because it is of mouse origin. In this study, we reduced nonspecific signals by generating a chimeric 2H8 Ab with Fc fragments derived from human immunoglobulin. We fused a 5' terminal cDNA fragments for the Fab region of 2H8 mAb with 3' terminal cDNA fragments for Fc region of human IgG1. We transfected both chimeric plasmids and purified the resulting human-mouse chimeric 2H8. The chimeric 2H8 Ab successfully detected FLAG-tagged proteins in flowcytometry with anti-human IgG secondary Ab with comparable sensitivity to 2H8 mAb. Importantly, chimeric 2H8 detected specific FLAG peptide signals without nonspecific signals in immunohistochemical analysis with mouse tissues. This human-mouse chimeric high-affinity anti-FLAG Ab will prove useful for future immunohistochemical analysis of mouse tissues.
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26
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Zinn S, Sisignano M, Kern K, Pierre S, Tunaru S, Jordan H, Suo J, Treutlein EM, Angioni C, Ferreiros N, Leffler A, DeBruin N, Offermanns S, Geisslinger G, Scholich K. The leukotriene B4 receptors BLT1 and BLT2 form an antagonistic sensitizing system in peripheral sensory neurons. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:6123-6134. [PMID: 28242764 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.769125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitization of the heat-activated ion channel transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) through lipids is a fundamental mechanism during inflammation-induced peripheral sensitization. Leukotriene B4 is a proinflammatory lipid mediator whose role in peripheral nociceptive sensitization is not well understood to date. Two major G-protein-coupled receptors for leukotriene B4 have been identified: the high-affinity receptor BLT1 and the low-affinity receptor BLT2. Transcriptional screening for the expression G-protein-coupled receptors in murine dorsal root ganglia showed that both receptors were among the highest expressed in dorsal root ganglia. Calcium imaging revealed a sensitization of TRPV1-mediated calcium increases in a relative narrow concentration range for leukotriene B4 (100-200 nm). Selective antagonists and neurons from knock-out mice demonstrated a BLT1-dependent sensitization of TRPV1-mediated calcium increases. Accordingly, leukotriene B4-induced thermal hyperalgesia was mediated through BLT1 and TRPV1 as shown using the respective knock-out mice. Importantly, higher leukotriene B4 concentrations (>0.5 μm) and BLT2 agonists abolished sensitization of the TRPV1-mediated calcium increases. Also, BLT2 activation inhibited protein kinase C- and protein kinase A-mediated sensitization processes through the phosphatase calcineurin. Consequently, a selective BLT2-receptor agonist increased thermal and mechanical withdrawal thresholds during zymosan-induced inflammation. In accordance with these data, immunohistochemical analysis showed that both leukotriene B4 receptors were expressed in peripheral sensory neurons. Thus, the data show that the two leukotriene B4 receptors have opposing roles in the sensitization of peripheral sensory neurons forming a self-restricting system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Zinn
- From the Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marco Sisignano
- From the Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Katharina Kern
- From the Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sandra Pierre
- From the Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sorin Tunaru
- the Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Holger Jordan
- the Fraunhofer Institute of Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany, and
| | - Jing Suo
- From the Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Elsa-Marie Treutlein
- From the Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Carlo Angioni
- From the Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nerea Ferreiros
- From the Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Leffler
- the Department for Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Natasja DeBruin
- the Fraunhofer Institute of Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany, and
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- the Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- From the Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.,the Fraunhofer Institute of Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany, and
| | - Klaus Scholich
- From the Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany,
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27
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Hijioka M, Anan J, Ishibashi H, Kurauchi Y, Hisatsune A, Seki T, Koga T, Yokomizo T, Shimizu T, Katsuki H. Inhibition of Leukotriene B4 Action Mitigates Intracerebral Hemorrhage-Associated Pathological Events in Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 360:399-408. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.238824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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28
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Nagaya T, Kawata K, Kamekura R, Jitsukawa S, Kubo T, Kamei M, Ogasawara N, Takano KI, Himi T, Ichimiya S. Lipid mediators foster the differentiation of T follicular helper cells. Immunol Lett 2016; 181:51-57. [PMID: 27838468 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipid mediators such as leukotrienes and lipoxines broadly regulate innate and acquired immunity, and their dysfunction causes various immune-mediated disorders. We previously reported a salient feature of arachidonate 5-lipoxyganase (Alox5), which is responsible for the production of such lipid mediators, in the regulation of high affinity antibodies in vivo. The aim of this study was to determine the functional significance of Alox5-related lipid mediators during the processes of acquired humoral responses. The results of in vitro experiments using lymphocytes in tonsils and blood specimens showed that lipoxin A4 (LXA4) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) have the capacity to differentiate naïve CD4+ T cells into T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, which activate naïve B cells to form germinal centers. Such a function of LXA4 was further supported by results of in vitro studies using BML-111 and BOC-2, which are an agonist and an antagonist, respectively, of FPR2 of an LXA4-specific cell-surface receptor. The results suggest that such lipid mediators have a potential role in the development of lymphoid follicles through the regulation of Tfh cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Nagaya
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Koji Kawata
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kamekura
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Sumito Jitsukawa
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Terufumi Kubo
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Motonari Kamei
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Noriko Ogasawara
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Takano
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Himi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Shingo Ichimiya
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan.
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Kobayashi Y, Morita M, Ogawa N, Kondo D, Tojo T. Asymmetric synthesis of 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid and its 5,6-dihydro- and 14,15-dehydro-derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:10667-10673. [PMID: 27786324 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02141g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Natural 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid (12-HHT) with an S configuration was synthesised by a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of C10-C17 iodo alcohol with C1-C9 vinylborane. The iodo alcohol was synthesised by utilising Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation of the corresponding trimethylsilyl alcohol. The method yielded more than 100 mg of 12-HHT. Similarly, syntheses of 5,6-dihydro- and 14,15-dehydro derivatives of 12-HHT, known as HHD and HHTE, respectively, were completed in a stereoselective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Kobayashi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan.
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30
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Spilker ME, Chung H, Visswanathan R, Bagrodia S, Gernhardt S, Fantin VR, Ellies LG. Leveraging model-based study designs and serial micro-sampling techniques to understand the oral pharmacokinetics of the potent LTB4 inhibitor, CP-105696, for mouse pharmacology studies. Xenobiotica 2016; 47:600-606. [PMID: 27435693 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2016.1207112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
1. Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a proinflammatory mediator important in the progression of a number of inflammatory diseases. Preclinical models can explore the role of LTB4 in pathophysiology using tool compounds, such as CP-105696, that modulate its activity. To support preclinical pharmacology studies, micro-sampling techniques and mathematical modeling were used to determine the pharmacokinetics of CP-105696 in mice within the context of systemic inflammation induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). 2. Following oral administration of doses > 35 mg/kg, CP-105696 kinetics can be described by a one-compartment model with first order absorption. The compound's half-life is 44-62 h with an apparent volume of distribution of 0.51-0.72 L/kg. Exposures in animals fed an HFD are within 2-fold of those fed a normal chow diet. Daily dosing at 100 mg/kg was not tolerated and resulted in a >20% weight loss in the mice. 3. CP-105696's long half-life has the potential to support a twice weekly dosing schedule. Given that most chronic inflammatory diseases will require long-term therapies, these results are useful in determining the optimal dosing schedules for preclinical studies using CP-105696.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Spilker
- a Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Heekyung Chung
- b Department of Medicine , University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA , USA
| | - Ravi Visswanathan
- a Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Shubha Bagrodia
- a Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories , San Diego , CA , USA
| | | | | | - Lesley G Ellies
- e Department of Pathology , University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA , USA
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31
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Marvar PJ, Hendy EB, Cruise TD, Walas D, DeCicco D, Vadigepalli R, Schwaber JS, Waki H, Murphy D, Paton JFR. Systemic leukotriene B 4 receptor antagonism lowers arterial blood pressure and improves autonomic function in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. J Physiol 2016; 594:5975-5989. [PMID: 27230966 DOI: 10.1113/jp272065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Evidence indicates an association between hypertension and chronic systemic inflammation in both human hypertension and experimental animal models. Previous studies in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) support a role for leukotriene B4 (LTB4 ), a potent chemoattractant involved in the inflammatory response, but its mode of action is poorly understood. In the SHR, we observed an increase in T cells and macrophages in the brainstem; in addition, gene expression profiling data showed that LTB4 production, degradation and downstream signalling in the brainstem of the SHR are dynamically regulated during hypertension. When LTB4 receptor 1 (BLT1) receptors were blocked with CP-105,696, arterial pressure was reduced in the SHR compared to the normotensive control and this reduction was associated with a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (BP) indicators. These data provide new evidence for the role of LTB4 as an important neuro-immune pathway in the development of hypertension and therefore may serve as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of neurogenic hypertension. ABSTRACT Accumulating evidence indicates an association between hypertension and chronic systemic inflammation in both human hypertension and experimental animal models. Previous studies in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) support a role for leukotriene B4 (LTB4 ), a potent chemoattractant involved in the inflammatory response. However, the mechanism for LTB4 -mediated inflammation in hypertension is poorly understood. Here we report in the SHR, increased brainstem infiltration of T cells and macrophages plus gene expression profiling data showing that LTB4 production, degradation and downstream signalling in the brainstem of the SHR are dynamically regulated during hypertension. Chronic blockade of the LTB4 receptor 1 (BLT1) receptor with CP-105,696, reduced arterial pressure in the SHR compared to the normotensive control and this reduction was associated with a significant decrease in low and high frequency spectra of systolic blood pressure, and an increase in spontaneous baroreceptor reflex gain (sBRG). These data provide new evidence for the role of LTB4 as an important neuro-immune pathway in the development of hypertension and therefore may serve as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of neurogenic hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Marvar
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Washington, The George Washington University School of Medical and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Emma B Hendy
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Thomas D Cruise
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Dawid Walas
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Danielle DeCicco
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James S Schwaber
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hidefumi Waki
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - David Murphy
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Julian F R Paton
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
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32
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Honda T, Otsuka A, Kabashima K. Novel insights into cutaneous immune systems revealed by in vivo imaging. Allergol Int 2016; 65:228-34. [PMID: 27021658 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo imaging is a novel experimental approach for biological research. Multiphoton microscopy (MPM), a type of fluorescence microscopy, is a new tool for in vivo imaging analysis. MPM allows observation of both tissue structures and cell behaviors or cell-cell interactions in living animals in real time. Skin is an ideal tissue for MPM analysis as it is directly accessible to the microscope. In the skin, immune cells cooperate to maintain skin homeostasis or to exert immune responses against foreign antigens. In vivo imaging by MPM analysis provides precise information on cell dynamics in the skin, and has significantly expanded our knowledge of the cutaneous immune system. In this review, we will discuss recent insights related to the mechanisms of allergic skin inflammation that have been revealed by MPM analysis.
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33
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Gupta S, Kihara Y, Maurya MR, Norris PC, Dennis EA, Subramaniam S. Computational Modeling of Competitive Metabolism between ω3- and ω6-Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Inflammatory Macrophages. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:8346-53. [PMID: 27063350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b02036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA), a representative ω6-polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), is a precursor of 2-series prostaglandins (PGs) that play important roles in inflammation, pain, fever, and related disorders including cardiovascular diseases. Eating fish or supplementation with the ω3-PUFAs such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is widely assumed to be beneficial in preventing cardiovascular diseases. A proposed mechanism for a cardio-protective role of ω3-PUFAs assumes competition between AA and ω3-PUFAs for cyclooxygenases (COX), leading to reduced production of 2-series PGs. In this study, we have used a systems biology approach to integrate existing knowledge and novel high-throughput data that facilitates a quantitative understanding of the molecular mechanism of ω3- and ω6-PUFA metabolism in mammalian cells. We have developed a quantitative computational model of the competitive metabolism of AA and EPA via the COX pathway through a two-step matrix-based approach to estimate the rate constants. This model was developed by using lipidomic data sets that were experimentally obtained from EPA-supplemented ATP-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. The resulting model fits the experimental data well for all metabolites and demonstrates that the integrated metabolic and signaling networks and the experimental data are consistent with one another. The robustness of the model was validated through parametric sensitivity and uncertainty analysis. We also validated the model by predicting the results from other independent experiments involving AA- and DHA-supplemented ATP-stimulated RAW264.7 cells using the parameters estimated with EPA. Furthermore, we showed that the higher affinity of EPA binding to COX compared with AA was able to inhibit AA metabolism effectively. Thus, our model captures the essential features of competitive metabolism of ω3- and ω6-PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakti Gupta
- Department of Bioengineering and San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California at San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0412, United States
| | - Yasuyuki Kihara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0601, United States
| | - Mano R Maurya
- Department of Bioengineering and San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California at San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0412, United States
| | - Paul C Norris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0601, United States
| | - Edward A Dennis
- Departments of Computer Science and Engineering and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0651, United States
| | - Shankar Subramaniam
- Department of Bioengineering and San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California at San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0412, United States.,Departments of Computer Science and Engineering and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0651, United States
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Ishii Y, Saeki K, Liu M, Sasaki F, Koga T, Kitajima K, Meno C, Okuno T, Yokomizo T. Leukotriene B
4
receptor type 2 (BLT2) enhances skin barrier function by regulating tight junction proteins. FASEB J 2015; 30:933-47. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-279653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Ishii
- Department of Medical BiochemistryKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Research Institute for Diseases of the ChestKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Kazuko Saeki
- Department of Medical BiochemistryKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of BiochemistryJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Medical BiochemistryKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of BiochemistryJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of EndocrinologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Fumiyuki Sasaki
- Department of Medical BiochemistryKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of BiochemistryJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Tomoaki Koga
- Department of Medical BiochemistryKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of BiochemistryJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Keiko Kitajima
- Department of Developmental BiologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Chikara Meno
- Department of Developmental BiologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Toshiaki Okuno
- Department of Medical BiochemistryKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of BiochemistryJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Medical BiochemistryKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of BiochemistryJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
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Djuric Z, Turgeon DK, Ren J, Neilson A, Plegue M, Waters IG, Chan A, Askew LM, Ruffin MT, Sen A, Brenner DE. Effects of a Mediterranean Diet Intervention on Anti- and Pro-Inflammatory Eicosanoids, Epithelial Proliferation, and Nuclear Morphology in Biopsies of Normal Colon Tissue. Nutr Cancer 2015; 67:721-9. [PMID: 25869112 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.1029637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This randomized trial evaluated the effects of intervention with either a Healthy Eating or a Mediterranean diet on colon biomarkers in 120 healthy individuals at increased colon cancer risk. The hypothesis was that eicosanoids and markers of proliferation would be favorably affected by the Mediterranean diet. Colon epithelial biopsy tissues and blood samples were obtained at baseline and after 6 mo of intervention. Colonic eicosanoid concentrations were evaluated by HPLC-MS-MS, and measures of epithelial proliferation and nuclear morphology were evaluated by image analysis of biopsy sections. There was little change in proinflammatory eicosanoids and in plasma cytokine concentrations with either dietary intervention. There was, however, a 50% increase in colonic prostaglandin E3 (PGE3), which is formed from eicosapentanoic acid, in the Mediterranean arm. Unlike PGE2, PGE3, was not significantly affected by regular use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs at baseline, and normal weight subjects had significantly higher colon PGE3 than overweight or obese subjects. Increased proliferation in the colon at baseline, by Ki67 labeling, was associated with morphological features that defined smaller nuclei in the epithelial cells, lower colon leukotriene concentrations and higher plasma cytokine concentrations. Dietary intervention had little effect on measures of epithelial proliferation or of nuclear morphology. The increase in PGE3 with a Mediterranean diet indicates that in normal colon, diet might affect protective pathways to a greater extent than proinflammatory and proliferative pathways. Hence, biomarkers from cancer models might not be relevant in a true prevention setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zora Djuric
- a Department of Family Medicine and Department of Environmental Health Sciences , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan , USA
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Asahara M, Ito N, Yokomizo T, Nakamura M, Shimizu T, Yamada Y. The absence of the leukotriene B4 receptor BLT1 attenuates peripheral inflammation and spinal nociceptive processing following intraplantar formalin injury. Mol Pain 2015; 11:11. [PMID: 25889478 PMCID: PMC4363055 DOI: 10.1186/s12990-015-0010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a potent lipid mediator of inflammation, and its biological effects are mediated primarily through the high affinity LTB4 receptor BLT1. Although numerous studies have reported that LTB4-BLT1 signaling is involved in inflammatory diseases, the role of BLT1 signaling in pain remains undefined. To clarify the role of LTB4-BLT1 signaling in acute inflammatory pain induced by tissue injury, we performed pain behavioral analysis and assessment of local inflammation induced by peripheral formalin injections in BLT1 knockout mice. We examined the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in the spinal cord both in wild-type and BLT1 knockout mice because phosphorylation of CREB in spinal cord neurons is important for nociceptive sensitization following peripheral injury. We also examined the effect of a BLT1 antagonist on formalin-induced pain responses in mice. RESULTS BLT1 knockout mice exhibited markedly attenuated nociceptive responses induced by intraplantar formalin injections. Edema formation and neutrophil infiltration in the paw were significantly decreased in BLT1 knockout mice compared with wild-type mice. Phosphorylation of CREB in the spinal cord after the intraplantar formalin injection was decreased in BLT1 knockout mice. In addition, mice pretreated with a BLT1 antagonist showed reduced nociception and attenuated CREB phosphorylation in the spinal cord after the formalin injection. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that LTB4-BLT1 axis contributes not only to the peripheral inflammation but also to the neuronal activation in the spinal cord induced by intraplantar formalin injections. Thus, LTB4-BLT1 signaling is a potential target for therapeutic intervention of acute and persistent pain induced by tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Asahara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Nobuko Ito
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Motonao Nakamura
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipid Signaling Project, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Lipidomics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yoshitsugu Yamada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Kabashima K, Izuhara K. Lipid mediators in allergy: Link between human and animal models. Allergol Int 2015; 64:2-3. [PMID: 25572552 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Izuhara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan.
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Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a potent inflammatory mediator derived from arachidonic acid. Two G protein-coupled receptors for LTB4 have been identified: a high-affinity receptor, BLT1, and a low-affinity receptor, BLT2. Both receptors mainly couple to pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi-like G proteins and induce cell migration. 12(S)-hydroxy-5Z,8E,10E-heptadecatrienoic acid (12-HHT) was identified to bind BLT2 with higher affinity than LTB4. Expression of BLT1 was confirmed in type 1 helper T cells, type 2 helper T cells, type 17 helper T cells, effector CD8(+) T cells, dendritic cells and osteoclasts in addition to granulocytes, eosinophils and macrophages, and BLT1-deficient mice showed greatly reduced phenotypes in models of various inflammatory diseases, such as peritonitis, bronchial asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis and osteoporosis. In mice, BLT2 expression is restricted to intestinal epithelial cells and epidermal keratinocytes. BLT2-deficient mice showed enhanced colitis after administration of dextran sulfate, possibly due to reduced intestinal barrier function. An aspirin-dependent reduction in 12-HHT production was responsible for delayed skin wound healing, showing that the 12-HHT/BLT2 axis also plays an important role in skin biology. BLT1 and BLT2 are therefore potential targets for the development of novel drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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Dixit N, Wu DJ, Belgacem YH, Borodinsky LN, Gershwin ME, Adamopoulos IE. Leukotriene B4 activates intracellular calcium and augments human osteoclastogenesis. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:496. [PMID: 25443625 PMCID: PMC4276054 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-014-0496-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bone erosion in inflammatory arthritis depends on the recruitment and activation of bone resorbing cells, the osteoclasts. Interleukin-23 (IL-23) has been primarily implicated in mediating inflammatory bone loss via the differentiation of Th17 receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)–producing cells. In this article, we describe a new role of IL-23 in activating the synthesis and production of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in innate immune cells. Methods We utilized whole blood–derived human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), differentiated them towards an osteoclast lineage and then performed immunofluorescence and cytochemical staining to detect the expression of LTB4-associated receptors and enzymes such as phospholipase A2, 5-lipoxygenase and leukotriene A4 hydrolase, as well as the presence of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and F-actin rings on fully mature osteoclasts. We used enzyme immunoassays to measure LTB4 levels in culture media derived from IL-23-treated human PBMCs. We used real-time calcium imaging to study the effect of leukotrienes and requirements of different calcium sources and signaling proteins in activating intracellular calcium flux using pharmacological inhibitors to phospholipase C (U73122), membrane calcium channels (2-APB) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (Wortmannin) and utilized qPCR for gene expression analysis in macrophages and osteoclasts. Results Our data show that LTB4 engagement of BLT1 and BLT2 receptors on osteoclast precursors leads to activation of phospholipase C and calcium release–activated channel–mediated intracellular calcium flux, which can activate further LTB4 autocrine production. IL-23-induced synthesis and secretion of LTB4 resulted in the upregulation of osteoclast-related genes NFATC1, MMP9, ACP5, CTSK and ITGB3 and the formation of giant, multinucleated TRAP+ cells capable of F-actin ring formation. These effects were dependent on Ca2+ signaling and were completely inhibited by BLT1/BLT2 and/or PLC and CRAC inhibitors. Conclusions In conclusion, IL-23 can initiate osteoclast differentiation independently from the RANK-RANKL pathway by utilizing Ca2+ signaling and the LTB4 signaling cascade.
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Adel S, Kakularam KR, Horn T, Reddanna P, Kuhn H, Heydeck D. Leukotriene signaling in the extinct human subspecies Homo denisovan and Homo neanderthalensis. Structural and functional comparison with Homo sapiens. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 565:17-24. [PMID: 25447821 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian lipoxygenases (LOXs) have been implicated in cell differentiation and in the biosynthesis of pro- and anti-inflammatory lipid mediators. The initial draft sequence of the Homo neanderthalensis genome (coverage of 1.3-fold) suggested defective leukotriene signaling in this archaic human subspecies since expression of essential proteins appeared to be corrupted. Meanwhile high quality genomic sequence data became available for two extinct human subspecies (H. neanderthalensis, Homo denisovan) and completion of the human 1000 genome project provided a comprehensive database characterizing the genetic variability of the human genome. For this study we extracted the nucleotide sequences of selected eicosanoid relevant genes (ALOX5, ALOX15, ALOX12, ALOX15B, ALOX12B, ALOXE3, COX1, COX2, LTA4H, LTC4S, ALOX5AP, CYSLTR1, CYSLTR2, BLTR1, BLTR2) from the corresponding databases. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences in connection with site-directed mutagenesis studies and structural modeling suggested that the major enzymes and receptors of leukotriene signaling as well as the two cyclooxygenase isoforms were fully functional in these two extinct human subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Adel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charite - University Medicine Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kumar Reddy Kakularam
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Thomas Horn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charite - University Medicine Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pallu Reddanna
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Andhra Pradesh, India; National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad 500046, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Hartmut Kuhn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charite - University Medicine Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dagmar Heydeck
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charite - University Medicine Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Morato CI, da Silva IA, Borges AF, Dorta ML, Oliveira MA, Jancar S, Serezani CH, Ribeiro-Dias F. Essential role of leukotriene B4 on Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis killing by human macrophages. Microbes Infect 2014; 16:945-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Kuhn H, Banthiya S, van Leyen K. Mammalian lipoxygenases and their biological relevance. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:308-30. [PMID: 25316652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs) form a heterogeneous class of lipid peroxidizing enzymes, which have been implicated not only in cell proliferation and differentiation but also in the pathogenesis of various diseases with major public health relevance. As other fatty acid dioxygenases LOXs oxidize polyunsaturated fatty acids to their corresponding hydroperoxy derivatives, which are further transformed to bioactive lipid mediators (eicosanoids and related substances). On the other hand, lipoxygenases are key players in the regulation of the cellular redox homeostasis, which is an important element in gene expression regulation. Although the first mammalian lipoxygenases were discovered 40 years ago and although the enzymes have been well characterized with respect to their structural and functional properties the biological roles of the different lipoxygenase isoforms are not completely understood. This review is aimed at summarizing the current knowledge on the physiological roles of different mammalian LOX-isoforms and their patho-physiological function in inflammatory, metabolic, hyperproliferative, neurodegenerative and infectious disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Oxygenated metabolism of PUFA: analysis and biological relevance".
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Kuhn
- Institute of Biochemistry, University Medicine Berlin - Charite, Chariteplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Swathi Banthiya
- Institute of Biochemistry, University Medicine Berlin - Charite, Chariteplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus van Leyen
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts Genrel Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Capra V, Rovati GE, Mangano P, Buccellati C, Murphy RC, Sala A. Transcellular biosynthesis of eicosanoid lipid mediators. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:377-82. [PMID: 25218301 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of oxygenated eicosanoids is the result of the coordinated action of several enzymatic activities, from phospholipase A2 that releases the polyunsaturated fatty acids from membrane phospholipids, to primary oxidative enzymes, such as cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases, to isomerases, synthases and hydrolases that carry out the final synthesis of the biologically active metabolites. Cells possessing the entire enzymatic machinery have been studied as sources of bioactive eicosanoids, but early on evidence proved that biosynthetic intermediates, albeit unstable, could move from one cell type to another. The biosynthesis of bioactive compounds could therefore be the result of a coordinated effort by multiple cell types that has been named transcellular biosynthesis of the eicosanoids. In several cases cells not capable of carrying out the complete biosynthetic process, due to the lack of key enzymes, have been shown to efficiently contribute to the final production of prostaglandins, leukotrienes and lipoxins. We will review in vitro studies, complex functional models, and in vivo evidences of the transcellular biosynthesis of eicosanoids and the biological relevance of the metabolites resulting from this unique biosynthetic pathway. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Oxygenated metabolism of PUFA: analysis and biological relevance".
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Capra
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - G Enrico Rovati
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Mangano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Carola Buccellati
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Robert C Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado at Denver, Denver, USA
| | - Angelo Sala
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; IBIM, CNR, Palermo, Italy.
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Rådmark O, Werz O, Steinhilber D, Samuelsson B. 5-Lipoxygenase, a key enzyme for leukotriene biosynthesis in health and disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:331-9. [PMID: 25152163 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) catalyzes two steps in the biosynthesis of leukotrienes (LTs), lipid mediators of inflammation derived from arachidonic acid. In this review we focus on 5-LOX biochemistry including 5-LOX interacting proteins and regulation of enzyme activity. LTs function in normal host defense, and have roles in many disease states where acute or chronic inflammation is part of the pathophysiology, as briefly summarized at the end of this chapter. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Oxygenated metabolism of PUFA: analysis and biological relevance".
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Rådmark
- Dept of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Div. of Chemistry II, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Oliver Werz
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University Jena, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bengt Samuelsson
- Dept of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Div. of Chemistry II, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
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Sumida H, Yanagida K, Kita Y, Abe J, Matsushima K, Nakamura M, Ishii S, Sato S, Shimizu T. Interplay between CXCR2 and BLT1 facilitates neutrophil infiltration and resultant keratinocyte activation in a murine model of imiquimod-induced psoriasis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:4361-9. [PMID: 24663678 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease with accelerated epidermal cell turnover. Neutrophil accumulation in the skin is one of the histological characteristics of psoriasis. However, the precise mechanism and role of neutrophil infiltration remain largely unknown. In this article, we show that orchestrated action of CXCR2 and leukotriene B4 receptor BLT1 plays a key role in neutrophil recruitment during the development of imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriatic skin lesions in mice. Depletion of neutrophils with anti-Ly-6G Ab ameliorated the disease severity, along with reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β in the skin. Furthermore, CXCR2 and BLT1 coordinately promote neutrophil infiltration into the skin during the early phase of IMQ-induced inflammation. In vitro, CXCR2 ligands augment leukotriene B4 production by murine neutrophils, which, in turn, amplifies chemokine-mediated neutrophil chemotaxis via BLT1 in autocrine and/or paracrine manners. In agreement with the increased IL-19 expression in IMQ-treated mouse skin, IL-1β markedly upregulated expression of acanthosis-inducing cytokine IL-19 in human keratinocytes. We propose that coordination of chemokines, lipids, and cytokines with multiple positive feedback loops might drive the pathogenesis of psoriasis and, possibly, other inflammatory diseases as well. Interference to this positive feedback or its downstream effectors could be targets of novel anti-inflammatory treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayakazu Sumida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Honda T, Kabashima K. Leukotrienes as key mediators and amplifiers in allergic inflammation: insights from the bench and clinic. Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:95-6. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Honda
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics; Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
- Department of Dermatology; Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology; Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
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van den Borne P, van der Laan SW, Bovens SM, Koole D, Kowala MC, Michael LF, Schoneveld AH, van de Weg SM, Velema E, de Vries JP, de Borst GJ, Moll FL, de Kleijn DPV, Quax PHA, Hoefer IE, Pasterkamp G. Leukotriene B4 levels in human atherosclerotic plaques and abdominal aortic aneurysms. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86522. [PMID: 24475136 PMCID: PMC3903534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) has been associated with the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation. However, associations of LTB4 levels with tissue characteristics and adverse clinical outcome of advanced atherosclerosis and AAA are scarcely studied. We hypothesized that LTB4 levels are associated with a vulnerable plaque phenotype and adverse clinical outcome. Furthermore, that LTB4 levels are associated with inflammatory AAA and adverse clinical outcome. METHODS Atherosclerotic plaques and AAA specimens were selected from two independent databases for LTB4 measurements. Plaques were isolated during carotid endarterectomy from asymptomatic (n = 58) or symptomatic (n = 317) patients, classified prior to surgery. LTB4 levels were measured without prior lipid extraction and levels were corrected for protein content. LTB4 levels were related to plaque phenotype, baseline patient characteristics and clinical outcome within three years following surgery. Seven non-diseased mammary artery specimens served as controls. AAA specimens were isolated during open repair, classified as elective (n = 189), symptomatic (n = 29) or ruptured (n = 23). LTB4 levels were measured similar to the plaque measurements and were related to tissue characteristics, baseline patient characteristics and clinical outcome. Twenty-six non-diseased aortic specimens served as controls. RESULTS LTB4 levels corrected for protein content were not significantly associated with histological characteristics specific for vulnerable plaques or inflammatory AAA as well as clinical presentation. Moreover, it could not predict secondary manifestations independently investigated in both databases. However, LTB4 levels were significantly lower in controls compared to plaque (p = 0.025) or AAA (p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS LTB4 levels were not associated with a vulnerable plaque phenotype or inflammatory AAA or clinical presentation. This study does not provide supportive evidence for a role of LTB4 in atherosclerotic plaque destabilization or AAA expansion. However, these data should be interpreted with care, since LTB4 measurements were performed without prior lipid extractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pleunie van den Borne
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander W. van der Laan
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra M. Bovens
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dave Koole
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark C. Kowala
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Laura F. Michael
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Arjan H. Schoneveld
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander M. van de Weg
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Evelyn Velema
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul de Vries
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Gert J. de Borst
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frans L. Moll
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dominique P. V. de Kleijn
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Surgery, National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul H. A. Quax
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Imo E. Hoefer
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Interleukin 15 primes natural killer cells to kill via NKG2D and cPLA2 and this pathway is active in psoriatic arthritis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76292. [PMID: 24086722 PMCID: PMC3783406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes that form a critical component of the innate immune system, whose functions include the killing of cells expressing stress-induced molecules. It is increasingly accepted that despite being considered prototypical effector cells, NK cells require signals to reach their full cytotoxic potential. We previously showed that IL-15 is capable of arming CD8 effector T cells to kill independently of their TCR via NKG2D in a cPLA2-dependent process. As NK cells also express NKG2D, we wanted to investigate whether this pathway functioned in an analogous manner and if resting NK cells could be primed to the effector phase by IL-15. Furthermore, to establish relevance to human disease we studied a possible role for this pathway in the pathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis, since there are aspects of this disease that suggest a potential effector role for the innate immune system. We found that PsA patients had upregulated IL-15 and MIC in their affected synovial tissues, and that this unique inflammatory environment enabled NK cell activation and killing via NKG2D and cPLA2. Moreover, we were able to reproduce the phenotype of joint NK cells from blood NK cells by incubating them with IL-15. Altogether, these findings suggest a destructive role for NK cells when activated by environmental stress signals during the pathogenesis of PsA and demonstrate that IL-15 is capable of priming resting NK cells in tissues to the effector phase.
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49
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Matsunobu T, Okuno T, Yokoyama C, Yokomizo T. Thromboxane A synthase-independent production of 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid, a BLT2 ligand. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:2979-87. [PMID: 24009185 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m037754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
12(S)-hydroxyheptadeca-5Z,8E,10E-trienoic acid (12-HHT) has long been considered a by-product of thromboxane A₂ (TxA₂) biosynthesis with no biological activity. Recently, we reported 12-HHT to be an endogenous ligand for BLT2, a low-affinity leukotriene B4 receptor. To delineate the biosynthetic pathway of 12-HHT, we established a method that enables us to quantify various eicosanoids and 12-HHT using LC-MS/MS analysis. During blood coagulation, 12-HHT levels increased in a time-dependent manner and were relatively higher than those of TxB₂, a stable metabolite of TxA₂. TxB₂ production was almost completely inhibited by treatment with ozagrel, an inhibitor of TxA synthase (TxAS), while 12-HHT production was inhibited by 80-90%. Ozagrel-treated blood also exhibited accumulation of PGD₂ and PGE₂, possibly resulting from the shunting of PGH₂ into synthetic pathways for these prostaglandins. In TxAS-deficient mice, TxB₂ production during blood coagulation was completely lost, but 12-HHT production was reduced by 80-85%. HEK293 cells transiently expressing TxAS together with cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 or COX-2 produced both TxB₂ and 12-HHT from arachidonic acid, while HEK293 cells expressing only COX-1 or COX-2 produced significant amounts of 12-HHT but no TxB₂. These results clearly demonstrate that 12-HHT is produced by both TxAS-dependent and TxAS-independent pathways in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Matsunobu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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50
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Lone AM, Taskén K. Proinflammatory and immunoregulatory roles of eicosanoids in T cells. Front Immunol 2013; 4:130. [PMID: 23760108 PMCID: PMC3671288 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Eicosanoids are inflammatory mediators primarily generated by hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A2 to ω-3 and ω-6 C20 fatty acids that next are converted to leukotrienes (LTs), prostaglandins (PGs), prostacyclins (PCs), and thromboxanes (TXAs). The rate-limiting and tightly regulated lipoxygenases control synthesis of LTs while the equally well-controlled cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 generate prostanoids, including PGs, PCs, and TXAs. While many of the classical signs of inflammation such as redness, swelling, pain, and heat are caused by eicosanoid species with vasoactive, pyretic, and pain-inducing effects locally, some eicosanoids also regulate T cell functions. Here, we will review eicosanoid production in T cell subsets and the inflammatory and immunoregulatory functions of LTs, PGs, PCs, and TXAs in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mari Lone
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway ; Biotechnology Centre, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway ; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
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