1
|
Sun L, Li F, Bai S, Bi C. CircRNA HLCS regulates lens epithelial cell apoptosis via miR-338-3p/BPNT1 axis. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44:142. [PMID: 38493427 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-03082-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of circ_HLCS on age-related cataract (ARC). METHODS Circ_HLCS, microRNA (miR)-338-3p, and bisphosphate 3'-nucleotidase 1 (BPNT1) were quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction or western blot. Cell proliferation and cell viability were assessed by the 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridinr and cell counting kit-8 assays. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Targeted correlations among circ_HLCS, miR-338-3p, and BPNT1 were verified by the dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays. RESULTS circ_HLCS was diminished in ARC tissues and UV-treated SRA01/04 cells. Elevated content of circ_HLCS undermined UV-induced cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis. Mechanistically, circ_HLCS directly targeted miR-338-3p, and circ_HLCS regulated BPNT1 expression through miR-338-3p. Furthermore, reduction of miR-338-3p ameliorated UV-induced SRA01/04 cell damage by increasing BPNT1 expression. CONCLUSION Taken together, these data suggested that circ_HLCS inhibited apoptosis of UV-treated SRA01/04 cells by miR-338-3p/BPNT1 axis. Therefore, circ_HLCS might be a potential therapeutic target for ARC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianyi Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Affiliated Guangren Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 21 Jiefang Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Fengzhi Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Affiliated Guangren Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 21 Jiefang Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Shuwei Bai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Affiliated Guangren Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 21 Jiefang Road, Xi'an, 710004, China.
| | - Chunchao Bi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Affiliated Guangren Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 21 Jiefang Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang M, Wang P, Li C, Segev O, Wang J, Wang X, Yue L, Jiang X, Sheng Y, Levy A, Jiang C, Chen F. Comparative genomic analysis reveals differential genomic characteristics and featured genes between rapid- and slow-growing non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1243371. [PMID: 37808319 PMCID: PMC10551460 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1243371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is a major category of environmental bacteria in nature that can be divided into rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) and slowly growing mycobacteria (SGM) based on their distinct growth rates. To explore differential molecular mechanisms between RGM and SGM is crucial to understand their survival state, environmental/host adaptation and pathogenicity. Comparative genomic analysis provides a powerful tool for deeply investigating differential molecular mechanisms between them. However, large-scale comparative genomic analysis between RGM and SGM is still uncovered. Methods In this study, we screened 335 high-quality, non-redundant NTM genome sequences covering 187 species from 3,478 online NTM genomes, and then performed a comprehensive comparative genomic analysis to identify differential genomic characteristics and featured genes/protein domains between RGM and SGM. Results Our findings reveal that RGM has a larger genome size, more genes, lower GC content, and more featured genes/protein domains in metabolism of some main substances (e.g. carbohydrates, amino acids, nucleotides, ions, and coenzymes), energy metabolism, signal transduction, replication, transcription, and translation processes, which are essential for its rapid growth requirements. On the other hand, SGM has a smaller genome size, fewer genes, higher GC content, and more featured genes/protein domains in lipid and secondary metabolite metabolisms and cellular defense mechanisms, which help enhance its genome stability and environmental adaptability. Additionally, orthogroup analysis revealed the important roles of bacterial division and bacteriophage associated genes in RGM and secretion system related genes for better environmental adaptation in SGM. Notably, PCoA analysis of the top 20 genes/protein domains showed precision classification between RGM and SGM, indicating the credibility of our screening/classification strategies. Discussion Overall, our findings shed light on differential underlying molecular mechanisms in survival state, adaptation and pathogenicity between RGM and SGM, show the potential for our comparative genomic pipeline to investigate differential genes/protein domains at whole genomic level across different bacterial species on a large scale, and provide an important reference and improved understanding of NTM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Peihan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cuidan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Ofir Segev
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Institute of Environmental Science, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jie Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Liya Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjie Sheng
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Asaf Levy
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Institute of Environmental Science, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Chunlai Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Genome and Precision Medicine Technologies, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Urumqi, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tasak M, Phizicky EM. Initiator tRNA lacking 1-methyladenosine is targeted by the rapid tRNA decay pathway in evolutionarily distant yeast species. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010215. [PMID: 35901126 PMCID: PMC9362929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
All tRNAs have numerous modifications, lack of which often results in growth defects in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and neurological or other disorders in humans. In S. cerevisiae, lack of tRNA body modifications can lead to impaired tRNA stability and decay of a subset of the hypomodified tRNAs. Mutants lacking 7-methylguanosine at G46 (m7G46), N2,N2-dimethylguanosine (m2,2G26), or 4-acetylcytidine (ac4C12), in combination with other body modification mutants, target certain mature hypomodified tRNAs to the rapid tRNA decay (RTD) pathway, catalyzed by 5’-3’ exonucleases Xrn1 and Rat1, and regulated by Met22. The RTD pathway is conserved in the phylogenetically distant fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe for mutants lacking m7G46. In contrast, S. cerevisiae trm6/gcd10 mutants with reduced 1-methyladenosine (m1A58) specifically target pre-tRNAiMet(CAU) to the nuclear surveillance pathway for 3’-5’ exonucleolytic decay by the TRAMP complex and nuclear exosome. We show here that the RTD pathway has an unexpected major role in the biology of m1A58 and tRNAiMet(CAU) in both S. pombe and S. cerevisiae. We find that S. pombe trm6Δ mutants lacking m1A58 are temperature sensitive due to decay of tRNAiMet(CAU) by the RTD pathway. Thus, trm6Δ mutants had reduced levels of tRNAiMet(CAU) and not of eight other tested tRNAs, overexpression of tRNAiMet(CAU) restored growth, and spontaneous suppressors that restored tRNAiMet(CAU) levels had mutations in dhp1/RAT1 or tol1/MET22. In addition, deletion of cid14/TRF4 in the nuclear surveillance pathway did not restore growth. Furthermore, re-examination of S. cerevisiae trm6 mutants revealed a major role of the RTD pathway in maintaining tRNAiMet(CAU) levels, in addition to the known role of the nuclear surveillance pathway. These findings provide evidence for the importance of m1A58 in the biology of tRNAiMet(CAU) throughout eukaryotes, and fuel speculation that the RTD pathway has a major role in quality control of body modification mutants throughout fungi and other eukaryotes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Tasak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Eric M. Phizicky
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liao C, Mao F, Qian M, Wang X. Pathogen-Derived Nucleases: An Effective Weapon for Escaping Extracellular Traps. Front Immunol 2022; 13:899890. [PMID: 35865526 PMCID: PMC9294136 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.899890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 2004 publication of the first study describing extracellular traps (ETs) from human neutrophils, several reports have shown the presence of ETs in a variety of different animals and plants. ETs perform two important functions of immobilizing and killing invading microbes and are considered a novel part of the phagocytosis-independent, innate immune extracellular defense system. However, several pathogens can release nucleases that degrade the DNA backbone of ETs, reducing their effectiveness and resulting in increased pathogenicity. In this review, we examined the relevant literature and summarized the results on bacterial and fungal pathogens and parasites that produce nucleases to evade the ET-mediated host antimicrobial mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengshui Liao
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- *Correspondence: Chengshui Liao, ; Xiaoli Wang,
| | - Fuchao Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang Vocational and Technical College, Luoyang, China
| | - Man Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- *Correspondence: Chengshui Liao, ; Xiaoli Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Eisele BS, Wu AJ, Luka Z, Hale AT, York JD. Bisphosphate nucleotidase 2 (BPNT2), a molecular target of lithium, regulates chondroitin sulfation patterns in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Adv Biol Regul 2022; 83:100858. [PMID: 34920982 PMCID: PMC8858884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2021.100858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Bisphosphate nucleotidase 2 (BPNT2) is a member of a family of phosphatases that are directly inhibited by lithium, the first-line medication for bipolar disorder. BPNT2 is localized to the Golgi, where it metabolizes the by-products of glycosaminoglycan sulfation reactions. BPNT2-knockout mice exhibit impairments in total-body chondroitin-4-sulfation which lead to abnormal skeletal development (chondrodysplasia). These mice die in the perinatal period, which has previously prevented the investigation of BPNT2 in the adult nervous system. Previous work has demonstrated the importance of chondroitin sulfation in the brain, as chondroitin-4-sulfate is a major component of perineuronal nets (PNNs), a specialized neuronal extracellular matrix which mediates synaptic plasticity and regulates certain behaviors. We hypothesized that the loss of BPNT2 in the nervous system would decrease chondroitin-4-sulfation and PNNs in the brain, which would coincide with behavioral abnormalities. We used Cre-lox breeding to knockout Bpnt2 specifically in the nervous system using Bpnt2 floxed (fl/fl) animals and a Nestin-driven Cre recombinase. These mice are viable into adulthood, and do not display gross physical abnormalities. We identified decreases in total glycosaminoglycan sulfation across selected brain regions, and specifically show decreases in chondroitin-4-sulfation which correspond with increases in chondroitin-6-sulfation. Interestingly, these changes were not correlated with gross alterations in PNNs. We also subjected these mice to a selection of neurobehavioral assessments and did not identify significant behavioral abnormalities. In summary, this work demonstrates that BPNT2, a known target of lithium, is important for glycosaminoglycan sulfation in the brain, suggesting that lithium-mediated inhibition of BPNT2 in the nervous system warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- BS Eisele
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - AJ Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Z Luka
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - AT Hale
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - JD York
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Correspondence to: John D. York.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Eisele BS, Luka Z, Wu AJ, Yang F, Hale AT, York JD. Sulfation of glycosaminoglycans depends on the catalytic activity of lithium-inhibited phosphatase BPNT2 in vitro. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101293. [PMID: 34634304 PMCID: PMC8551643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Golgi-resident bisphosphate nucleotidase 2 (BPNT2) is a member of a family of magnesium-dependent, lithium-inhibited phosphatases that share a three-dimensional structural motif that directly coordinates metal binding to effect phosphate hydrolysis. BPNT2 catalyzes the breakdown of 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphate, a by-product of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) sulfation. KO of BPNT2 in mice leads to skeletal abnormalities because of impaired GAG sulfation, especially chondroitin-4-sulfation, which is critical for proper extracellular matrix development. Mutations in BPNT2 have also been found to underlie a chondrodysplastic disorder in humans. The precise mechanism by which the loss of BPNT2 impairs sulfation remains unclear. Here, we used mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) to test the hypothesis that the catalytic activity of BPNT2 is required for GAG sulfation in vitro. We show that a catalytic-dead Bpnt2 construct (D108A) does not rescue impairments in intracellular or secreted sulfated GAGs, including decreased chondroitin-4-sulfate, present in Bpnt2-KO MEFs. We also demonstrate that missense mutations in Bpnt2 adjacent to the catalytic site, which are known to cause chondrodysplasia in humans, recapitulate defects in overall GAG sulfation and chondroitin-4-sulfation in MEF cultures. We further show that treatment of MEFs with lithium (a common psychotropic medication) inhibits GAG sulfation and that this effect depends on the presence of BPNT2. Taken together, this work demonstrates that the catalytic activity of an enzyme potently inhibited by lithium can modulate GAG sulfation and therefore extracellular matrix composition, revealing new insights into lithium pharmacology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brynna S Eisele
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zigmund Luka
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alice J Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Andrew T Hale
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - John D York
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhou C, Huang X, Li X, Xiong Y. Circular RNA erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 assuages ultraviolet irradiation-induced apoptosis of lens epithelial cells by stimulating 5'-bisphosphate nucleotidase 1 in a miR-24-3p-dependent manner. Bioengineered 2021; 12:8953-8964. [PMID: 34652259 PMCID: PMC8806953 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1990196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis of lens epithelial cells contributed to the formation of age-related cataract (ARC), and previous data revealed that circular RNA (circRNA) was responsible for the underneath mechanism. The study was organized to explore the role of circular RNA erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 (circ_EPB41) in ultraviolet (UV) irradiation-induced apoptosis of lens epithelial cells. SRA01/04 cells were irradiated with UV to mimic the ARC cell model. The RNA levels of circ_EPB41, microRNA-24-3p (miR-24-3p), and 3ʹ(2ʹ), 5ʹ-bisphosphate nucleotidase 1 (BPNT1) were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression was checked by western blot. 5-Ethynyl-29-deoxyuridine, 3-(4,5-Dimethylthazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and DNA content quantitation assays were performed to investigate cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was conducted to analyze cell apoptosis. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was implemented to confirm the interaction among circ_EPB41, miR-24-3p, and BPNT1. Our data showed that circ_EPB41 and BPNT1 expression were downregulated in ARC tissues and UV-irradiated SRA01/04 cells as compared with normal anterior lens capsules and untreated SRA01/04 cells. Circ_EPB41 overexpression ameliorated the effects of UV irradiation on the proliferation and apoptosis of SRA01/04 cells. Besides, miR-24-3p, a target miRNA of circ_EPB41, attenuated circ_EPB41 introduction-mediated proliferation, and apoptosis of UV-irradiated SRA01/04 cells. MiR-24-3p regulated UV irradiation-induced effects by targeting BPNT1. Importantly, it was found that circ_EPB41 stimulated BPNT1 production by miR-24-3p. Taken together, the enforced expression of circ_EPB41 ameliorated UV irradiation-induced apoptosis of lens epithelial cells by miR-24-3p/BPNT1 pathway, providing us with a potential target for the therapy of UV-caused ARC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyun Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jingmen First People's Hospital, Jingmen, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jingmen First People's Hospital, Jingmen, Hubei, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jingmen First People's Hospital, Jingmen, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jingmen First People's Hospital, Jingmen, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dollins DE, Xiong JP, Endo-Streeter S, Anderson DE, Bansal VS, Ponder JW, Ren Y, York JD. A structural basis for lithium and substrate binding of an inositide phosphatase. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100059. [PMID: 33172890 PMCID: PMC7948987 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase (INPP1) is a prototype member of metal-dependent/lithium-inhibited phosphomonoesterase protein family defined by a conserved three-dimensional core structure. Enzymes within this family function in distinct pathways including inositide signaling, gluconeogenesis, and sulfur assimilation. Using structural and biochemical studies, we report the effect of substrate and lithium on a network of metal binding sites within the catalytic center of INPP1. We find that lithium preferentially occupies a key site involved in metal-activation only when substrate or product is added. Mutation of a conserved residue that selectively coordinates the putative lithium-binding site results in a dramatic 100-fold reduction in the inhibitory constant as compared with wild-type. Furthermore, we report the INPP1/inositol 1,4-bisphosphate complex which illuminates key features of the enzyme active site. Our results provide insights into a structural basis for uncompetitive lithium inhibition and substrate recognition and define a sequence motif for metal binding within this family of regulatory phosphatases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Eric Dollins
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jian-Ping Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stuart Endo-Streeter
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David E Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vinay S Bansal
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jay W Ponder
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - John D York
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Midha MK, Kusebauch U, Shteynberg D, Kapil C, Bader SL, Reddy PJ, Campbell DS, Baliga NS, Moritz RL. A comprehensive spectral assay library to quantify the Escherichia coli proteome by DIA/SWATH-MS. Sci Data 2020; 7:389. [PMID: 33184295 PMCID: PMC7665006 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-00724-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Data-Independent Acquisition (DIA) is a method to improve consistent identification and precise quantitation of peptides and proteins by mass spectrometry (MS). The targeted data analysis strategy in DIA relies on spectral assay libraries that are generally derived from a priori measurements of peptides for each species. Although Escherichia coli (E. coli) is among the best studied model organisms, so far there is no spectral assay library for the bacterium publicly available. Here, we generated a spectral assay library for 4,014 of the 4,389 annotated E. coli proteins using one- and two-dimensional fractionated samples, and ion mobility separation enabling deep proteome coverage. We demonstrate the utility of this high-quality library with robustness in quantitation of the E. coli proteome and with rapid-chromatography to enhance throughput by targeted DIA-MS. The spectral assay library supports the detection and quantification of 91.5% of all E. coli proteins at high-confidence with 56,182 proteotypic peptides, making it a valuable resource for the scientific community. Data and spectral libraries are available via ProteomeXchange (PXD020761, PXD020785) and SWATHAtlas (SAL00222-28).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mukul K Midha
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Ulrike Kusebauch
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - David Shteynberg
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Charu Kapil
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Samuel L Bader
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | | | - David S Campbell
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Nitin S Baliga
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Departments of Biology and Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Robert L Moritz
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sulfate assimilation regulates hydrogen sulfide production independent of lifespan and reactive oxygen species under methionine restriction condition in yeast. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:4254-4273. [PMID: 31254461 PMCID: PMC6628990 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Endogenously produced hydrogen sulfide was proposed to be an underlying mechanism of lifespan extension via methionine restriction. However, hydrogen sulfide regulation and its beneficial effects via methionine restriction remain elusive. Here, we identified the genes required to increase hydrogen sulfide production under methionine restriction condition using genome-wide high-throughput screening in yeast strains with single-gene deletions. Sulfate assimilation-related genes, such as MET1, MET3, MET5, and MET10, were found to be particularly crucial for hydrogen sulfide production. Interestingly, methionine restriction failed to increase hydrogen sulfide production in mutant strains; however, it successfully extended chronological lifespan and reduced reactive oxygen species levels. Altogether, our observations suggested that increased hydrogen sulfide production via methionine restriction is not the mechanism underlying extended yeast lifespan, even though increased hydrogen sulfide production occurred simultaneously with yeast lifespan extension under methionine restriction condition.
Collapse
|
11
|
Griffith MB, Lazorchak JM, Haring H. Uptake of Sulfate from Ambient Water by Freshwater Animals. WATER 2020; 12:1-1496. [PMID: 32704397 PMCID: PMC7376752 DOI: 10.3390/w12051496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To better understand how the sulfate (SO4 2-) anion may contribute to the adverse effects associated with elevated ionic strength or salinity in freshwaters, we measured the uptake and efflux of SO4 2- in four freshwater species: the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas, Teleostei: Cyprinidae), paper pondshell (Utterbackia imbecillis, Bivalvia: Unionidae), red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii, Crustacea: Cambaridae), and two-lined mayfly (Hexagenia bilineata, Insecta: Ephemeridae). Using δ( 34 S/ 32 S) stable isotope ratios and the concentrations of S and SO4 2-, we measured the SO4 2- influx rate (J in ), net flux (J net ), and efflux rate (Jout) during a 24 h exposure period. For all four species, the means of J in for SO4 2- were positive, and J in was significantly greater than 0 at both target SO4 2- concentrations in the fish and mollusk and at the lower SO4 2- concentration in the crayfish. The means of J out and J net were much more variable than those for J in , but several species by target SO4 2- concentration combinations for J out and J net , were negative, which suggests the net excretion of SO4 2- by the animals. The results of our experiments suggest a greater regulation of SO4 2- in freshwater animals than has been previously reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Griffith
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - James M. Lazorchak
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Herman Haring
- Pegasus Technical Services, Inc., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Modulation of sulfur assimilation metabolic toxicity overcomes anemia and hemochromatosis in mice. Adv Biol Regul 2020; 76:100694. [PMID: 32019729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2020.100694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur assimilation is an essential metabolic pathway that regulates sulfation, amino acid metabolism, nucleotide hydrolysis, and organismal homeostasis. We recently reported that mice lacking bisphosphate 3'-nucleotidase (BPNT1), a key regulator of sulfur assimilation, develop iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) and anasarca. Here we demonstrate two approaches that successfully reduce metabolic toxicity caused by loss of BPNT1: 1) dietary methionine restriction and 2) overproduction of a key transcriptional regulator hypoxia inducible factor 2α (Hif-2a). Reduction of methionine in the diet reverses IDA in mice lacking BPNT1, through a mechanism of downregulation of sulfur assimilation metabolic toxicity. Gaining Hif-2a acts through a different mechanism by restoring iron homeostatic gene expression in BPNT1 deficient mouse intestinal organoids. Finally, as loss of BPNT1 impairs expression of known genetic modifiers of iron-overload, we demonstrate that intestinal-epithelium specific loss of BPNT1 attenuates hepatic iron accumulation in mice with homozygous C282Y mutations in homeostatic iron regulator (HFEC282Y), the most common cause of hemochromatosis in humans. Overall, our study uncovers genetic and dietary strategies to overcome anemia caused by defects in sulfur assimilation and identifies BPNT1 as a potential target for the treatment of hemochromatosis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Sulfur is present in the amino acids cysteine and methionine and in a large range of essential coenzymes and cofactors and is therefore essential for all organisms. It is also a constituent of sulfate esters in proteins, carbohydrates, and numerous cellular metabolites. The sulfation and desulfation reactions modifying a variety of different substrates are commonly known as sulfation pathways. Although relatively little is known about the function of most sulfated metabolites, the synthesis of activated sulfate used in sulfation pathways is essential in both animal and plant kingdoms. In humans, mutations in the genes encoding the sulfation pathway enzymes underlie a number of developmental aberrations, and in flies and worms, their loss-of-function is fatal. In plants, a lower capacity for synthesizing activated sulfate for sulfation reactions results in dwarfism, and a complete loss of activated sulfate synthesis is also lethal. Here, we review the similarities and differences in sulfation pathways and associated processes in animals and plants, and we point out how they diverge from bacteria and yeast. We highlight the open questions concerning localization, regulation, and importance of sulfation pathways in both kingdoms and the ways in which findings from these "red" and "green" experimental systems may help reciprocally address questions specific to each of the systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Süleyman Günal
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne 50674, Germany
| | - Rebecca Hardman
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne 50674, Germany.
| | - Jonathan Wolf Mueller
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mueller JW, Idkowiak J, Gesteira TF, Vallet C, Hardman R, van den Boom J, Dhir V, Knauer SK, Rosta E, Arlt W. Human DHEA sulfation requires direct interaction between PAPS synthase 2 and DHEA sulfotransferase SULT2A1. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:9724-9735. [PMID: 29743239 PMCID: PMC6016456 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The high-energy sulfate donor 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS), generated by human PAPS synthase isoforms PAPSS1 and PAPSS2, is required for all human sulfation pathways. Sulfotransferase SULT2A1 uses PAPS for sulfation of the androgen precursor dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), thereby reducing downstream activation of DHEA to active androgens. Human PAPSS2 mutations manifest with undetectable DHEA sulfate, androgen excess, and metabolic disease, suggesting that ubiquitous PAPSS1 cannot compensate for deficient PAPSS2 in supporting DHEA sulfation. In knockdown studies in human adrenocortical NCI-H295R1 cells, we found that PAPSS2, but not PAPSS1, is required for efficient DHEA sulfation. Specific APS kinase activity, the rate-limiting step in PAPS biosynthesis, did not differ between PAPSS1 and PAPSS2. Co-expression of cytoplasmic SULT2A1 with a cytoplasmic PAPSS2 variant supported DHEA sulfation more efficiently than co-expression with nuclear PAPSS2 or nuclear/cytosolic PAPSS1. Proximity ligation assays revealed protein–protein interactions between SULT2A1 and PAPSS2 and, to a lesser extent, PAPSS1. Molecular docking studies showed a putative binding site for SULT2A1 within the PAPSS2 APS kinase domain. Energy-dependent scoring of docking solutions identified the interaction as specific for the PAPSS2 and SULT2A1 isoforms. These findings elucidate the mechanistic basis for the selective requirement for PAPSS2 in human DHEA sulfation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Mueller
- From the Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom, .,the Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Idkowiak
- From the Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.,the Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - Tarsis F Gesteira
- the Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London SE1 1DB, United Kingdom, and
| | - Cecilia Vallet
- the Departments of Molecular Biology II, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB) and
| | - Rebecca Hardman
- From the Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes van den Boom
- Molecular Biology I, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Vivek Dhir
- From the Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Shirley K Knauer
- the Departments of Molecular Biology II, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB) and
| | - Edina Rosta
- the Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London SE1 1DB, United Kingdom, and
| | - Wiebke Arlt
- From the Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.,the Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Regulation of iron homeostasis is perturbed in numerous pathologic states. Thus, identifications of mechanisms responsible for iron metabolism have broad implications for disease modification. Here, we link the sulfur assimilation pathway to iron-deficiency anemia. Deletion of bisphosphate 3′-nucleotidase (Bpnt1), a key component of the sulfur assimilation pathway, leads to accumulation of phosphoadenosine phosphate (PAP), causing iron deficiency anemia in part due to inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor 2-α. Reduction of PAP through introduction of a hypomorphic mutation in 3′-phosphoadenosine 5-phosphosulfate synthase 2 gene (Papss2, the enzyme responsible for PAP production) rescues the iron deficiency phenotype. Sulfur assimilation is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that plays an essential role in cellular and metabolic processes, including sulfation, amino acid biosynthesis, and organismal development. We report that loss of a key enzymatic component of the pathway, bisphosphate 3′-nucleotidase (Bpnt1), in mice, both whole animal and intestine-specific, leads to iron-deficiency anemia. Analysis of mutant enterocytes demonstrates that modulation of their substrate 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphate (PAP) influences levels of key iron homeostasis factors involved in dietary iron reduction, import and transport, that in part mimic those reported for the loss of hypoxic-induced transcription factor, HIF-2α. Our studies define a genetic basis for iron-deficiency anemia, a molecular approach for rescuing loss of nucleotidase function, and an unanticipated link between nucleotide hydrolysis in the sulfur assimilation pathway and iron homeostasis.
Collapse
|
16
|
Mueller JW, Gilligan LC, Idkowiak J, Arlt W, Foster PA. The Regulation of Steroid Action by Sulfation and Desulfation. Endocr Rev 2015; 36:526-63. [PMID: 26213785 PMCID: PMC4591525 DOI: 10.1210/er.2015-1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Steroid sulfation and desulfation are fundamental pathways vital for a functional vertebrate endocrine system. After biosynthesis, hydrophobic steroids are sulfated to expedite circulatory transit. Target cells express transmembrane organic anion-transporting polypeptides that facilitate cellular uptake of sulfated steroids. Once intracellular, sulfatases hydrolyze these steroid sulfate esters to their unconjugated, and usually active, forms. Because most steroids can be sulfated, including cholesterol, pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and estrone, understanding the function, tissue distribution, and regulation of sulfation and desulfation processes provides significant insights into normal endocrine function. Not surprisingly, dysregulation of these pathways is associated with numerous pathologies, including steroid-dependent cancers, polycystic ovary syndrome, and X-linked ichthyosis. Here we provide a comprehensive examination of our current knowledge of endocrine-related sulfation and desulfation pathways. We describe the interplay between sulfatases and sulfotransferases, showing how their expression and regulation influences steroid action. Furthermore, we address the role that organic anion-transporting polypeptides play in regulating intracellular steroid concentrations and how their expression patterns influence many pathologies, especially cancer. Finally, the recent advances in pharmacologically targeting steroidogenic pathways will be examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Mueller
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Lorna C Gilligan
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Idkowiak
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Wiebke Arlt
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Foster
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yu J, Lee KM, Son M, Kim KH. Effects of the deletion and over-expression of Fusarium graminearum gene FgHal2 on host response to mycovirus Fusarium graminearum virus 1. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2015; 16:641-652. [PMID: 25431083 PMCID: PMC6638490 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The mycovirus Fusarium graminearum virus 1 (FgV1) is associated with reduced virulence (hypovirulence) of Fusarium graminearum. Transcriptomic and proteomic expression profiling have shown that many F. graminearum genes are differentially expressed as a consequence of FgV1 infection. Several of these genes may be related to the maintenance of the virus life cycle. The host gene, FgHal2, which has a highly conserved 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphatase (PAP phosphatase-like) domain or inositol monophosphatase (IMPase) superfamily domain, shows reduced expression in response to FgV1 infection. We generated targeted gene deletion and over-expression mutants to clarify the possible function(s) of FgHal2 and its relationship to FgV1. The gene deletion mutant showed retarded growth, reduced aerial mycelia formation and reduced pigmentation, whereas over-expression mutants were morphologically similar to the wild-type (WT). Furthermore, compared with the WT, the gene deletion mutant produced fewer conidia and these showed abnormal morphology. The FgHal2 expression level was decreased by FgV1 infection at 120 h post-inoculation (hpi), whereas the levels were nine-fold greater for both the virus-free and virus-infected over-expression mutant than for the WT. FgV1 RNA accumulation was decreased in the deletion mutant at 48, 72 and 120 hpi. FgV1 RNA accumulation in the over-expression mutant was reduced relative to that of the WT at 48 and 120 hpi, but was similar to that of the WT at 72 hpi. The vertical transmission rate of FgV1 in the gene deletion mutant was low, suggesting that FgHal2 may be required for the maintenance of FgV1 in the host cell. Together, these results indicate that the putative 3'(2'),5'-bisphosphate nucleotidase gene, FgHal2, has diverse biological functions in the host fungus and may affect the viral RNA accumulation and transmission of FgV1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jisuk Yu
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Mi Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, South Korea
| | - Moonil Son
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, South Korea
| | - Kook-Hyung Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yun Y, Liu Z, Yin Y, Jiang J, Chen Y, Xu JR, Ma Z. Functional analysis of the Fusarium graminearum phosphatome. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 207:119-134. [PMID: 25758923 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatases are known to play important roles in the regulation of various cellular processes in eukaryotes. However, systematic characterization of the phosphatome has not been reported in phytopathogenic fungi. The wheat scab fungus Fusarium graminearum contains 82 putative phosphatases. The biological functions of each phosphatase were investigated in this study. Although 11 phosphatase genes appeared to be essential, deletion mutants of the other 71 phosphatase genes were obtained and characterized for changes in 15 phenotypes, including vegetative growth, nutrient response and virulence. Overall, the deletion of 63 phosphatase genes resulted in changes in at least one of the phenotypes assayed. Interestingly, the deletion of four genes (Fg06297, Fg03333, Fg03826 and Fg07932) did not dramatically affect hyphal growth, but led to strongly reduced virulence. Western blot analyses showed that three phosphatases (Fg10516, Fg03333 and Fg12867) functioned as negative regulators of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. In addition, we found, for the first time, that FgCdc14 is dispensable for growth, but plays an important role in ribosome biogenesis. Overall, in this first functional characterization of the fungal phosphatome, phosphatases important for various aspects of hyphal growth, development, plant infection and secondary metabolism were identified in the phytopathogenic fungus F. graminearum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingzi Yun
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zunyong Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yanni Yin
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jinhua Jiang
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jin-Rong Xu
- Purdue-NWAFU Joint Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhonghua Ma
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hudson BH, York JD. Tissue-specific regulation of 3'-nucleotide hydrolysis and nucleolar architecture. Adv Biol Regul 2013; 54:208-13. [PMID: 24309248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur is an essential micronutrient involved in diverse cellular functions ranging from the control of intracellular redox states to electron transport. Eukaryotes incorporate sulfur by metabolizing inorganic sulfate into the universal sulfur donor 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS). Sulfotransferases then catalyze the donation of the activated sulfur from PAPS to a broad range of acceptors including xenobiotic small molecules and extracellular proteoglycans while also generating the byproduct 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate (PAP). In mammals, PAP is regulated by two related 3'-nucleotidases, Golgi-resident PAP phosphatase (gPAPP) and cytoplasmic bisphosphate 3'-nucleotidase 1 (Bpnt1), which hydrolyze PAP to 5'-AMP and whose inactivation results in severe physiological defects. Loss of Bpnt1 in mice leads to the accumulation of PAP in the liver, aberrant nucleolar architecture, and liver failure, all of which can be rescued by genetically repressing PAPS synthesis. Yet interestingly, Bpnt1 protein is expressed at high levels in a majority of tissues, suggesting that additional tissues might also be affected. To investigate this possibility, we closely examined the expression of Bpnt1 protein, accumulation of PAP, and appearance of dysmorphic nucleoli in wild-type and Bpnt1(-/-) mice. Surprisingly, we found that while Bpnt1 protein is widely expressed, only the liver, duodenum, and kidneys contain high levels of PAP and nucleolar reorganization. We hypothesize that these tissues share commonalities such as being highly polarized and situated at the interfaces of fluid reservoirs that might enhance their susceptibility to loss of Bpnt1. These studies highlight the importance of PAP metabolism in extrahepatic tissues and provide a framework for future investigations into the function of Bpnt1 in the kidney and small intestine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H Hudson
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 607 Light Hall, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
| | - John D York
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 607 Light Hall, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mueller JW, Shafqat N. Adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate--a multifaceted modulator of bifunctional 3'-phospho-adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate synthases and related enzymes. FEBS J 2013; 280:3050-7. [PMID: 23517310 PMCID: PMC3734648 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
All sulfation reactions rely on active sulfate in the form of 3′-phospho-adenosine-5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS). In fungi, bacteria, and plants, the enzymes responsible for PAPS synthesis, ATP sulfurylase and adenosine-5′-phosphosulfate (APS) kinase, reside on separate polypeptide chains. In metazoans, however, bifunctional PAPS synthases catalyze the consecutive steps of sulfate activation by converting sulfate to PAPS via the intermediate APS. This intricate molecule and the related nucleotides PAPS and 3′-phospho-adenosine-5′-phosphate modulate the function of various enzymes from sulfation pathways, and these effects are summarized in this review. On the ATP sulfurylase domain that initially produces APS from sulfate and ATP, APS acts as a potent product inhibitor, being competitive with both ATP and sulfate. For the APS kinase domain that phosphorylates APS to PAPS, APS is an uncompetitive substrate inhibitor that can bind both at the ATP/ADP-binding site and the PAPS/APS-binding site. For human PAPS synthase 1, the steady-state concentration of APS has been modelled to be 1.6 μm, but this may increase up to 60 μm under conditions of sulfate excess. It is noteworthy that the APS concentration for maximal APS kinase activity is 15 μm. Finally, we recognized APS as a highly specific stabilizer of bifunctional PAPS synthases. APS most likely stabilizes the APS kinase part of these proteins by forming a dead-end enzyme–ADP–APS complex at APS concentrations between 0.5 and 5 μm; at higher concentrations, APS may bind to the catalytic centers of ATP sulfurylase. Based on the assumption that cellular concentrations of APS fluctuate within this range, APS can therefore be regarded as a key modulator of PAPS synthase functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Mueller
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (CEDAM), School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Institute of Biomedical Research, Birmingham, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Role for cytoplasmic nucleotide hydrolysis in hepatic function and protein synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:5040-5. [PMID: 23479625 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1205001110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide hydrolysis is essential for many aspects of cellular function. In the case of 3',5'-bisphosphorylated nucleotides, mammals possess two related 3'-nucleotidases, Golgi-resident 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate (PAP) phosphatase (gPAPP) and Bisphosphate 3'-nucleotidase 1 (Bpnt1). gPAPP and Bpnt1 localize to distinct subcellular compartments and are members of a conserved family of metal-dependent lithium-sensitive enzymes. Although recent studies have demonstrated the importance of gPAPP for proper skeletal development in mice and humans, the role of Bpnt1 in mammals remains largely unknown. Here we report that mice deficient for Bpnt1 do not exhibit skeletal defects but instead develop severe liver pathologies, including hypoproteinemia, hepatocellular damage, and in severe cases, frank whole-body edema and death. Accompanying these phenotypes, we observed tissue-specific elevations of the substrate PAP, up to 50-fold in liver, repressed translation, and aberrant nucleolar architecture. Remarkably, the phenotypes of the Bpnt1 knockout are rescued by generating a double mutant mouse deficient for both PAP synthesis and hydrolysis, consistent with a mechanism in which PAP accumulation is toxic to tissue function independent of sulfation. Overall, our study defines a role for Bpnt1 in mammalian physiology and provides mechanistic insights into the importance of sulfur assimilation and cytoplasmic PAP hydrolysis to normal liver function.
Collapse
|
22
|
Kowalska J, Osowniak A, Zuberek J, Jemielity J. Synthesis of nucleoside phosphosulfates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:3661-4. [PMID: 22572581 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We describe an efficient and scalable procedure for the chemical synthesis of nucleoside 5'-phosphosulfates (NPS) from nucleoside 5'-phosphorimidazolides and sulfate bis(tributylammonium) salt. Using this method we obtained various NPS with yields ranging from 70-90%, including adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS) and 2',3'-cyclic precursor of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS), which are the key intermediates in the assimilation and metabolism of sulfur in all living organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kowalska
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|