1
|
Ding F, Wang Q, Xie C, Wang M, Zhang L, Gao M, Yang Z, Ma J, Shi X, Chen W, Duan S, Yuan P, Li Y, Ma X, Wu Y, Liu J, Feng X, Cheng Q, Wang Z, Li X, Huang J. The impact of mulberry leaf extract at three different levels on reducing the glycemic index of white bread. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288911. [PMID: 37561734 PMCID: PMC10414662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the influences of mulberry leaf extract (MLE) addition on the physicochemical properties including the specific volume, texture and sensory features of white bread (WB) were evaluated by the sensory analysis technology. A double-blind, randomised, repeat-measure design was used to study the impact of MLE addition on the postprandial blood glucose response as well as the satiety index of WB. Results showed that the addition of MLE showed no significant effects on the physicochemical properties of WB except for the slight changes of color and bitterness. The addition of MLE significantly reduced the total blood glucose rise after ingestion of WB over 120 minutes, and reduced the GI value of WB in a dose-effect relationship. When the concentration of MLE reached 1.5 g per 100 g available carbohydrate, the GI value of WB could be reduced from 77 to 43. This study provides important information in terms of the appropriateness of MLE when added to more complex real food, the dose-dependent relationship could supply a reference for the application of MLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangli Ding
- Beijing key laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and the Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Disease, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Wang
- Beijing key laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and the Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Disease, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Xie
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- Beijing key laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and the Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Disease, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Beijing key laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and the Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Disease, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Gao
- Beijing key laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and the Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Disease, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zongling Yang
- Beijing key laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and the Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Disease, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianrui Ma
- Beijing key laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and the Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Disease, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Health Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Health Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenglin Duan
- Beijing key laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and the Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Disease, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Yuan
- Beijing key laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and the Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Disease, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yali Li
- Beijing key laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and the Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Disease, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xishan Ma
- Beijing key laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and the Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Disease, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yimin Wu
- Beijing key laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and the Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Disease, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- Beijing key laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and the Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Disease, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Feng
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingli Cheng
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zichun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuyan Li
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingmei Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Boers HM, van Dijk TH, Duchateau GS, Mela DJ, Hiemstra H, Hoogenraad AR, Priebe MG. Effect of mulberry fruit extract on glucose fluxes after a wheat porridge meal: a dual isotope study in healthy human subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:741-747. [PMID: 36944719 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01282-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has shown the efficacy of mulberry extracts for lowering post-prandial glucose (PPG) responses. The postulated mechanism is slowing of glucose absorption, but effects on glucose disposal or endogenous production are also possible. This research assessed the effect of a specified mulberry fruit extract (MFE) on these three glucose flux parameters. METHODS The study used a double-blind, randomized, controlled, full cross-over design. In 3 counter-balanced treatments, 12 healthy adult male subjects, mean (SD) age 24.9 (2.50) years and body mass index 22.5 (1.57) kg/m2, consumed porridge prepared from 13C-labelled wheat, with or without addition of 0.75 g MFE, or a solution of 13C-glucose in water. A co-administered 2H-glucose venous infusion allowed for assessment of glucose disposal. Glucose flux parameters, cumulative absorption (time to 50% absorption, T50%abs), and PPG positive incremental area under the curve from 0 to 120 min (+iAUC0-120) were determined from total and isotopically labelled glucose in plasma. As this exploratory study was not powered for formal inferential statistical tests, results are reported as the mean percent difference (or minutes for T50%abs) between treatments with 95% CI. RESULTS MFE increased mean T50%abs by 10.2 min, (95% CI 3.9-16.5 min), and reduced mean 2 h post-meal rate of glucose appearance by 8.4% (95% CI -14.9 to -1.4%) and PPG + iAUC0-120 by 11% (95% CI -26.3 to -7.3%), with no significant changes in glucose disposal or endogenous production. CONCLUSIONS The PPG-lowering effect of MFE is primarily mediated by a reduced rate of glucose uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanny M Boers
- Unilever Foods Innovation Centre, 6708 WH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Theo H van Dijk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guus S Duchateau
- Unilever Foods Innovation Centre, 6708 WH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - David J Mela
- Unilever Foods Innovation Centre, 6708 WH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Harry Hiemstra
- Unilever Foods Innovation Centre, 6708 WH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marion G Priebe
- Center for Medical Biomics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tang C, Bao T, Zhang Q, Qi H, Huang Y, Zhang B, Zhao L, Tong X. Clinical potential and mechanistic insights of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus: Focusing on gut microbiota, inflammation, and metabolism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 306:116143. [PMID: 36632855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Natural herbs are gradually gaining recognition for their efficacy and safety in preventing diabetes and improving quality of life. Morus alba L. is a plant widely grown in Asia and is a traditional Chinese herb with a long history of use. Furthermore, several parts of Morus alba L. have been found to have significant health benefits. In particular, mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves (ML) have been shown in human and animal studies to be promising hypoglycemic agents that can reduce or prevent glucolipid metabolism disorders caused by imbalances in the gut microbiota, inflammation, and oxidative stress and have demonstrated significant improvements in glucose metabolism-related markers, effectively lowering blood glucose, and reducing hyperglycemia-induced target organ damage. AIM OF THE STUDY This review briefly summarizes the methods for obtaining ML's bioactive components, elaborates on the clinical potential of the relevant components in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and focuses on the therapeutic mechanisms of gut microbiota, inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolism, to provide more inspiration and directions for future research in the field of traditional natural plants for the management of T2DM and its complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS Research on ML and its bioactive components was mainly performed using electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceNet, to ensure the review's quality. In addition, master's and doctoral theses and ancient documents were consulted. RESULTS In clinical studies, we found that ML could effectively reduce blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in T2DM patients. Furthermore, many in vitro and in vivo experiments have found that ML is involved in various pathways that regulate glucolipid metabolism and resist diabetes while alleviating liver and kidney damage. CONCLUSIONS As a potential natural anti-diabetic phytomedicine, an in-depth study of ML can provide new ideas and valuable references for applying traditional Chinese medicine to treat T2DM. While continuously exploring its clinical efficacy and therapeutic mechanism, the extraction method should be optimized to improve the efficacy of the bioactive components. in addition, further research on the dose-response relationship of drugs to determine the effective dose range is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Tang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Tingting Bao
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China; Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Hongyu Qi
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China; Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Changchun, China; Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yishan Huang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boxun Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China; Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mohamed M, Zagury RL, Bhaskaran K, Neutel J, Mohd Yusof BN, Mooney L, Yeo L, Kirwan BA, Aprikian O, von Eynatten M, Johansen OE. A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study to Evaluate Postprandial Glucometabolic Effects of Mulberry Leaf Extract, Vitamin D, Chromium, and Fiber in People with Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Ther 2023; 14:749-766. [PMID: 36855010 PMCID: PMC10064401 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-023-01379-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reducing postprandial (PP) hyperglycemia and PP glucose excursions is important for overall glycemic management. Although most therapeutic lifestyle interventions that reduce caloric intake would affect this, there is no particular nutritional intervention favored. METHODS We evaluated the effects of a novel natural food adjuvant combining mulberry leaf extract (MLE) with other bioactive ingredients, in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) originating from Asia, on improving PP glucometabolic response in a randomized controlled exploratory crossover, two-center study (USA, Singapore). A 2-g blend of 250 mg MLE [containing 12.5 mg of 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ)], fiber (1.75 g), vitamin D3 (0.75 μg), and chromium (75 μg), compared with a similar blend without the MLE, was sprinkled over a 350-kcal breakfast meal (55.4 g carbs) and PP blood glucose (primary exploratory endpoint), insulin, and incretin hormones (GLP-1, GIP) were evaluated in blood samples over 3 h. Changes in incremental areas under the concentration curve (iAUC) and maximum concentrations (Cmax) were compared. RESULTS Thirty individuals (12 women, mean age 59 years, HbA1c 7.1%, BMI 26.5 kg/m2) were enrolled and the MLE-based blend relative to the blend without MLE significantly reduced glucose iAUC at 1 h (- 20%, p < 0.0001), 2 h (- 17%, p = 0.0001), and 3 h (- 15%, p = 0.0032) and Cmax [mean (95% CI) difference - 0.8 (- 1.2, - 0.3) mmol/L, p = 0.0006]. A statistically significant reduction in 1 h insulin iAUC (- 24%, p = 0.0236) was observed, but this reduction was no longer present at either 2 h or 3 h. No difference in GLP-1 was seen, but GIP response (iAUC and Cmax) was less with the MLE-based blend. CONCLUSIONS The observation of a significant glucose reduction paralleled with a significant lower insulin response supports a reduced gastrointestinal glucose absorption. These results support the use of a 2-g natural blend of MLE, fiber, vitamin D, and chromium in T2D as a convenient dietary adjuvant to improve PP glucometabolic response. CLINICALTRIALS gov identifier NCT04877366.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kalpana Bhaskaran
- Temasek Polytechnic, Glycemic Index Research Unit, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Linda Mooney
- Nestlé Health Science, Bridgewater Township, USA
| | - Lihe Yeo
- Nestlé Health Science, Bridgewater Township, USA
| | - Bridget-Anne Kirwan
- SOCAR Research, Nyon, Switzerland
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang S, Fan L, Tan P, Lei W, Liang J, Gao Z. Effects of Eurotium cristatum on chemical constituents and α-glucosidase activity of mulberry leaf tea. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
|
6
|
Han JH, Lee HW, Jung SH, Cho CW, Kim TJ, Kang JS, Myung CS. The anti-obesity effect of mulberry leaf (Mori Folium) extracts was increased by bioconversion with Pectinex. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20375. [PMID: 36437256 PMCID: PMC9701790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23856-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mulberry leaf (Mori Folium) extract (MLE) is known to have anti-obesity effects. In this study, the enhanced effects of MLE after bioconversion treatment using Pectinex (BMLE) on obesity were explored, and the underlying mechanisms were investigated using the active components, neochlorogenic acid (5-CQA) and cryptochlorogenic acid (4-CQA), whose amounts were increased by bioconversion of MLE. Both MLE and BMLE inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes without cytotoxicity and suppressed the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα). In addition, MLE and BMLE decreased high-fat diet-induced adipose tissue mass expansion. Notably, BMLE significantly increased antiadipogenic and anti-obesity effects compared to MLE in vitro and in vivo. The active ingredients increased by bioconversion, 5-CQA and 4-CQA, inhibited the protein levels of C/EBPα and the mRNA levels of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (Scd1). These findings provide new insights into the therapeutic possibility of using bioconversion of MLE, by which upregulation of 5-CQA and 4-CQA potently inhibits adipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hui Han
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Won Lee
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyuk Jung
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Woon Cho
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Jeong Kim
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Kang
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Myung
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Maqsood M, Anam Saeed R, Sahar A, Khan MI. Mulberry plant as a source of functional food with therapeutic and nutritional applications: A review. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14263. [PMID: 35642132 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants from the family Moraceae have diverse applications in agriculture, cosmetics, food, and the pharmaceutical industry. Their extensive spectrum of pharmacological activity for treating numerous inflammatory illnesses, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and gastrointestinal problems reflects their biological and therapeutic value. This article summarizes the molecular mechanisms related to the biological implications of mulberry extracts, fractions, and isolated bioactive compounds from different parts in various health-related ailments. Additionally, the food industry and animal nutrition applications are summarized. Phytochemicals such as steroids, saponins, alkaloids, glycosides, polysaccharides, and phenolic compounds including terpenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and tannins are found in this medicinal plant. The aqueous, ethanolic, and methanolic extracts, as well as bioactive compounds, have anti-oxidative, hypoglycemic, nephroprotective, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, anti-mutagenic, hepatoprotective, anthelmintic, immune-modulatory, cardioprotective, and skin protecting activities. Mulberry supplementation in food products improves the stability of phenolics, sensory properties, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial properties. Mulberry leaves in animal feed increase the nutrient digestibility, growth parameters, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This review summarized the in vivo and in vitro biological activities of the mulberry and isolated constituents in various health conditions. In addition, the food uses such as antioxidant potential, antimicrobial, and physicochemical properties were discussed. Furthermore, in vivo studies revealed mulberry as a significant protein source and its flavonoids as potential animal foliage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maqsood
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Raakia Anam Saeed
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Amna Sahar
- Department of Food Engineering, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Issa Khan
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lange E, Kęszycka PK, Pałkowska-Goździk E, Billing-Marczak K. Comparison of Glycemic Response to Carbohydrate Meals without or with a Plant-Based Formula of Kidney Bean Extract, White Mulberry Leaf Extract, and Green Coffee Extract in Individuals with Abdominal Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12117. [PMID: 36231426 PMCID: PMC9566345 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Due to the rising prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes, a strategy that can positively influence diet quality in a simple way is being explored, since a low glycemic index (GI) diet is advised in the dietoprophylaxis and diet therapy of diabetes. Methods: Twenty-three women with abdominal obesity participated in the study. The postprandial glycemic response and glycemic index were determined after three carbohydrate meals (noodle soup, white rice, strawberry sorbet) without or with the addition of a plant-base supplement (extracts of kidney bean, white mulberry leaf, and green coffee) with a potentially hypoglycemic effect. For two products (instant noodle soup and white rice), the addition of the plant supplement resulted in a reduction in glicemic iAUC values (respectively, by: 17.1%, p = 0.005 and 5.3%; p = 0.03; 40.6%, p = 0.004 and 5.3%, p = 0.019). However, this effect was not observed for strawberry sorbet. The blood glucose concentrations 30 min after the consumption of instant noodle soup and white rice with the plant-based formula addition significantly affected the GI value of tested meals (p = 0.0086, r = 0.53; p = 0.0096, r = 0.53), which may indicate the effect of this plant supplement on enterohormone and/or insulin secretion. Conclusion: A formula containing kidney bean, white mulberry leaves, and green coffee extracts may therefore be a notable factor in lowering postprandial glycemia and the GI of carbohydrate foods. However, further research is needed to determine for which food groups and meals its use may be most effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Lange
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159 C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Katarzyna Kęszycka
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159 C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Pałkowska-Goździk
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159 C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Billing-Marczak
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159 C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
- MarMar Investment LLC, ul. Słomińskiego 15/509, 00-195 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Improvement of Glycemic Control by a Functional Food Mixture Containing Maltodextrin, White Kidney Bean Extract, Mulberry Leaf Extract, and Niacin-Bound Chromium Complex in Obese Diabetic db/db Mice. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080693. [PMID: 35893259 PMCID: PMC9394435 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Steady-fiber granule (SFG) is a mixture containing maltodextrin, white kidney bean extract, mulberry leaf extract, and niacin-bound chromium complex. These active ingredients have been shown to be associated with improving either hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia. This study was undertaken to evaluate the potential of SFG in the regulation of blood glucose homeostasis under obese diabetic conditions. Accordingly, db/db mice (8 weeks old) were administered with SFG at doses of 1.025, 2.05, or 5.125 g/kg BW daily via oral gavage for 4 weeks. No body weight loss was observed after SFG supplementation at all three doses during the experimental period. Supplementation of SFG at 2.05 g/kg BW decreased fasting blood glucose, blood fructosamine, and HbA1c levels in db/db mice. Insulin sensitivity was also improved, as indicated by HOMA-IR assessment and oral glucose tolerance test, although the fasting insulin levels were no different in db/db mice with or without SFG supplementation. Meanwhile, the plasma levels of triglyceride were reduced by SFG at all three doses. These findings suggest that SFG improves glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in db/db mice and can be available as an option for functional foods to aid in management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in daily life.
Collapse
|
10
|
Gheldof N, Francey C, Rytz A, Egli L, Delodder F, Bovetto L, Piccardi N, Darimont C. Effect of Different Nutritional Supplements on Glucose Response of Complete Meals in Two Crossover Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132674. [PMID: 35807854 PMCID: PMC9268658 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Postprandial hyperglycemia is an important risk factor in the development and progression of type-2 diabetes and cardiometabolic diseases. Therefore, maintaining a low postprandial glucose response is key in preventing these diseases. Carbohydrate-rich meals are the main drivers of excessive glycemic excursions during the day. The consumption of whey protein premeals or mulberry leaf extract was reported to reduce postprandial glycemia through different mechanisms of action. The efficacy of these interventions was shown to be affected by the timing of the consumption or product characteristics. Two randomised crossover studies were performed, aiming to identify the optimal conditions to improve the efficacy of these nutritional supplements in reducing a glycemic response. The acute postprandial glycemic response was monitored with a continuous glucose monitoring device. The first study revealed that a preparation featuring 10 g of whey protein microgel reduced the postprandial glucose response by up to 30% (p = 0.001) and was more efficient than the whey protein isolates, independently of whether the preparation was ingested 30 or 10 min before a complete 320 kcal breakfast. The second study revealed that a preparation featuring 250 mg mulberry leaf extract was more efficient if it was taken together with a complete 510 kcal meal (−34%, p < 0.001) rather than ingested 5 min before (−26%, p = 0.002). These findings demonstrate that the efficacy of whey proteins premeal and mulberry leaf extracts can be optimised to provide potential nutritional solutions to lower the risk of type-2 diabetes or its complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nele Gheldof
- Nestlé Research, Institute of Health Sciences, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (N.G.); (C.F.); (L.E.)
| | - Celia Francey
- Nestlé Research, Institute of Health Sciences, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (N.G.); (C.F.); (L.E.)
| | - Andreas Rytz
- Nestlé Research, Clinical Research Unit, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (A.R.); (F.D.); (N.P.)
| | - Léonie Egli
- Nestlé Research, Institute of Health Sciences, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (N.G.); (C.F.); (L.E.)
| | - Frederik Delodder
- Nestlé Research, Clinical Research Unit, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (A.R.); (F.D.); (N.P.)
| | - Lionel Bovetto
- Nestlé Research, Institute of Material Science, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Nathalie Piccardi
- Nestlé Research, Clinical Research Unit, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (A.R.); (F.D.); (N.P.)
| | - Christian Darimont
- Nestlé Research, Institute of Health Sciences, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (N.G.); (C.F.); (L.E.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lim WXJ, Gammon CS, von Hurst P, Chepulis L, Page RA. The Inhibitory Effects of New Zealand Pine Bark (Enzogenol®) on α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase, and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Enzymes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081596. [PMID: 35458159 PMCID: PMC9029645 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The New Zealand pine bark extract (Enzogenol®) has previously been shown to elicit acute hypoglycaemic effects in humans. The present study investigated the underlying mechanisms of Enzogenol® in reducing postprandial glucose in humans. The potential inhibitory action of Enzogenol® against digestive enzymes: α-amylase and α-glucosidase, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme was determined. Enzogenol® demonstrated the ability to inhibit all three enzymes: α-amylase enzyme activity (IC50 3.98 ± 0.11 mg/mL), α-glucosidase enzyme activity (IC50 13.02 ± 0.28 μg/mL), and DPP-4 enzyme activity (IC50 2.51 ± 0.04 mg/mL). The present findings indicate the potential for Enzogenol® to improve postprandial glycaemia by delaying carbohydrate digestion via the inhibition of digestive enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase), and enhancing the incretin effect via inhibiting the dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 enzyme. The inhibitory actions of Enzogenol® on enzymes should therefore be further validated in humans for its potential use in type 2 diabetes mellitus prevention and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xin Janice Lim
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand; (W.X.J.L.); (C.S.G.)
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Cheryl S. Gammon
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand; (W.X.J.L.); (C.S.G.)
| | - Pamela von Hurst
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand;
| | - Lynne Chepulis
- Waikato Medical Research Centre, Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3216, New Zealand;
| | - Rachel A. Page
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
- Centre for Metabolic Health Research, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-4801-5799 (ext. 63462)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang R, Zhang Q, Zhu S, Liu B, Liu F, Xu Y. Mulberry leaf (Morus alba L.): A review of its potential influences in mechanisms of action on metabolic diseases. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:106029. [PMID: 34896248 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The leaves of Morus alba L. (called Sangye in Chinese, ML), which belong to the genus Morus., are highly valuable edible plants in nutrients and nutraceuticals. In Asian countries including China, Japan and Korea, ML are widely used as functional foods including beverages, noodles and herbal tea because of its biological and nutritional value. Meanwhile, ML-derived products in the form of powders, extracts and capsules are widely consumed as dietary supplements for controlling blood glucose and sugar. Clinical studies showed that ML play an important role in the treatment of metabolic diseases including the diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, atherosclerosis and hypertension. People broadly use ML due to their nutritiousness, deliciousness, safety, and abundant active benefits. However, the systematic pharmacological mechanisms of ML on metabolic diseases have not been fully revealed. Therefore, in order to fully utilize and scale relevant products about ML, this review summarizes the up-to-date information about the ML and its constituents effecting on metabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyuan Zhang
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun Zhu
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Biyang Liu
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yao Xu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most prevalent disease and becoming a serious public health threat worldwide. In recent years, numerous effective T2DM intervention regimens have been developed, with promising results. However, these regimens are not usually economically available, and they are not well tolerated due to treatment-related toxicities. The focus nowadays is to identify new effective therapeutic agents, with relatively low cost and low toxicity, which can be used regularly to control a progression of T2DM in the prediabetic population. Accordingly, there has been growing attention in herbal remedies that can be presented into the general population with the tiniest side effects and the maximal preventive outcome. This article reviews recent publications in experimental models of T2DM not revised before, and supporting the potential use of nutraceuticals and phytochemicals through different mechanisms with promising results in the context of T2DM.
Collapse
|
14
|
Lim WXJ, Gammon CS, von Hurst P, Chepulis L, Page RA. A Narrative Review of Human Clinical Trials on the Impact of Phenolic-Rich Plant Extracts on Prediabetes and Its Subgroups. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113733. [PMID: 34835989 PMCID: PMC8624625 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic-rich plant extracts have been demonstrated to improve glycemic control in individuals with prediabetes. However, there is increasing evidence that people with prediabetes are not a homogeneous group but exhibit different glycemic profiles leading to the existence of prediabetes subgroups. Prediabetes subgroups have been identified as: isolated impaired fasting glucose (IFG), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and combined impaired fasting glucose and glucose intolerance (IFG/IGT). The present review investigates human clinical trials examining the hypoglycemic potential of phenolic-rich plant extracts in prediabetes and prediabetes subgroups. Artemisia princeps Pampanini, soy (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) leaf and Citrus junos Tanaka peel have been demonstrated to improve fasting glycemia and thus may be more useful for individuals with IFG with increasing hepatic insulin resistance. In contrast, white mulberry (Morus alba Linn.) leaf, persimmon (Diospyros kaki) leaf and Acacia. Mearnsii bark were shown to improve postprandial glycemia and hence may be preferably beneficial for individuals with IGT with increasing muscle insulin resistance. Elaeis guineensis leaf was observed to improve both fasting and postprandial glycemic measures depending on the dose. Current evidence remains scarce regarding the impact of the plant extracts on glycemic control in prediabetes subgroups and therefore warrants further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xin Janice Lim
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand; (W.X.J.L.); (C.S.G.)
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Cheryl S. Gammon
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand; (W.X.J.L.); (C.S.G.)
| | - Pamela von Hurst
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand;
| | - Lynne Chepulis
- Waikato Medical Research Centre, Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3216, New Zealand;
| | - Rachel A. Page
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
- Centre for Metabolic Health Research, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-4-801-5799 (ext. 63462)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wu Q, Hu Y. Systematic Evaluation of the Mechanisms of Mulberry Leaf (Morus alba Linne) Acting on Diabetes Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 24:668-682. [PMID: 32928080 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666200914103719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine metabolic disorder- related diseases. The application of herbal medicine to control glucose levels and improve insulin action might be a useful approach in the treatment of diabetes. Mulberry leaves (ML) have been reported to exert important activities of anti-diabetic. OBJECTIVE In this work, we aimed to explore the multi-targets and multi-pathways regulatory molecular mechanism of Mulberry leaves (ML, Morus alba Linne) acting on diabetes. METHODS Identification of active compounds of Mulberry leaves using Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database was carried out. Bioactive components were screened by FAF-Drugs4 website (Free ADME-Tox Filtering Tool). The targets of bioactive components were predicted from SwissTargetPrediction website, and the diabetes related targets were screened from GeneCards database. The common targets of ML and diabetes were used for Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis. The visualization networks were constructed by Cytoscape 3.7.1 software. The biological networks were constructed to analyze the mechanisms as follows: (1) compound-target network; (2) common target-compound network; (3) common targets protein interaction network; (4) compound-diabetes protein-protein interactions (ppi) network; (5) target-pathway network; and (6) compound-target-pathway network. At last, the prediction results of network pharmacology were verified by molecular docking method. RESULTS 17 active components were obtained by TCMSP database and FAF-Drugs4 website. 51 potential targets (11 common targets and 40 associated indirect targets) were obtained and used to build the PPI network by the String database. Furthermore, the potential targets were used for GO and pathway enrichment analysis. Eight key active compounds (quercetin, Iristectorigenin A, 4- Prenylresveratrol, Moracin H, Moracin C, Isoramanone, Moracin E and Moracin D) and 8 key targets (AKT1, IGF1R, EIF2AK3, PPARG, AGTR1, PPARA, PTPN1 and PIK3R1) were obtained to play major roles in Mulberry leaf acting on diabetes. And the signal pathways involved in the mechanisms mainly include AMPK signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, insulin signaling pathway and insulin resistance. The molecular docking results show that the 8 key active compounds have good affinity with the key target of AKT1, and the 5 key targets (IGF1R, EIF2AK3, PPARG, PPARA and PTPN1) have better affinity than AKT1 with the key compound of quercetin. CONCLUSION Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking, this study provided an important systematic and visualized basis for further understanding of the synergy mechanism of ML acting on diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiguo Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yeqing Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Anqing Medical College, Anqing 246052, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and α-Glucosidase-Inhibiting Activity of Aqueous and Hydroethanolic Extracts of Traditional Antidiabetics from Croatian Ethnomedicine. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic disease with a growing prevalence worldwide. In addition to the conventional therapy, many T2D patients use phytotherapeutic preparations. In the present study, chemical composition, antioxidant, and α-glucosidase inhibiting activity of traditional antidiabetics from Croatian ethnomedicine (Achillea millefolium, Artemisia absinthium, Centaurium erythraea, Morusalba, Phaseolus vulgaris, Sambucus nigra, and Salvia officinalis) were assessed. The efficacy of water and 80% ethanol as extraction solvents for bioactive constituents was compared. HPLC analysis revealed that the prepared extracts were rich in phenols, especially rutin, ferulic, and chlorogenic acid. Antiradical (against DPPH and ABTS radicals), reducing (towards Mo6+ and Fe3+ ions), and enzyme inhibiting properties were in linear correlation with the content of phenolic constituents. Ethanolic extracts, richer in phenolic substances, showed dominant efficacy in those assays. Aqueous extracts, on the other hand, were better Fe2+ ion chelators and more active in the β-carotene linoleic acid assay. Extracts from S. officinalis and A. millefolium were particularly active antioxidants and α-glucosidase inhibitors. A. absinthium, another potent α-glucosidase inhibitor, contained chromium, a mineral that promotes insulin action. The investigated plants contained significant amounts of minerals useful in management of T2D, with negligible amounts of heavy metals deeming them safe for human use.
Collapse
|
17
|
Kuwahara M, Kim HK, Ozaki M, Nanba T, Chijiki H, Fukazawa M, Okubo J, Mineshita Y, Takahashi M, Shibata S. Consumption of Biscuits with a Beverage of Mulberry or Barley Leaves in the Afternoon Prevents Dinner-Induced High, but Not Low, Increases in Blood Glucose among Young Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061580. [PMID: 32481557 PMCID: PMC7352831 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the impact of consuming biscuits with a beverage of powdered mulberry or barley leaves in the afternoon on postprandial glucose levels at dinnertime among young adults. A total of 18 young adults participated in a partially double-blinded, randomized crossover trial over 2 weeks, consuming either: (1) no biscuits; (2) a biscuit; (3) a biscuit with a beverage of powdered mulberry leaves; or (4) a biscuit with a beverage of powdered barley leaves, as an afternoon snack followed by a standardized test dinner. Glucose levels were recorded after each meal. Results showed intake of biscuits with a beverage of mulberry and barley leaves significantly reduced postprandial rises in glucose after their immediate consumption and dinner, though there was no direct relationship between the glucose levels at the two meals. Compared to those with low glucose levels, participants with high glucose levels at dinner showed a stronger second meal effect, that was attributed to the mulberry or barley leaves, and were also more likely to have lean body weights and prefer evenings. Our findings indicate that eating snacks alongside mulberry or barley leaves is an effective way to suppress postprandial glucose levels in young adults with high glucose levels who prefer evenings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Kuwahara
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (M.K.); (H.-K.K.); (Y.M.)
| | - Hyeon-Ki Kim
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (M.K.); (H.-K.K.); (Y.M.)
| | - Mamiho Ozaki
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (M.O.); (T.N.); (H.C.); (M.F.); (J.O.)
| | - Takuya Nanba
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (M.O.); (T.N.); (H.C.); (M.F.); (J.O.)
| | - Hanako Chijiki
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (M.O.); (T.N.); (H.C.); (M.F.); (J.O.)
| | - Mayuko Fukazawa
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (M.O.); (T.N.); (H.C.); (M.F.); (J.O.)
| | - Jin Okubo
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (M.O.); (T.N.); (H.C.); (M.F.); (J.O.)
| | - Yui Mineshita
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (M.K.); (H.-K.K.); (Y.M.)
| | - Masaki Takahashi
- Institute for Liberal Arts, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan;
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (M.K.); (H.-K.K.); (Y.M.)
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (M.O.); (T.N.); (H.C.); (M.F.); (J.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-353-697-318
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mahboubi M. Morus alba (mulberry), a natural potent compound in management of obesity. Pharmacol Res 2019; 146:104341. [PMID: 31276774 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is defined as body mass index, higher than 30 kg/m2, which are associated with diverse diseases including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, coronary diseases, certain cancers, osteoarthritis and dyslipidemia. The subject of this review article was to evaluate the potency of Morus alba or "mulberry" as natural potent anti-obesity agent in management of obesity. For writing this manuscript, we searched in all accessible international databases, electronic resources (PubMed, Science Direct, Springer, Wiley and Google), unpublished data (R&D reports, thesis and dissertation). The inhibitory effects of mulberry on digestive enzymes and adipocyte differentiation, and its stimulatory effects on energy expenditures, and lipid metabolism are responsible mechanisms for management of obesity in obese patients. Furthermore, the results of these preclinical studies and its related mechanisms should be evaluated in large clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohaddese Mahboubi
- Medicinal Plants Research Department, Research and Development, TabibDaru Pharmaceutical Company, Kashan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lee J, Lee HJ, Lee JJ. Coating rice with mulberry leaves rich in deoxynojirimycin ameliorates hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in C57BL/KsJ db/db mice. Nutr Res Pract 2018; 12:469-478. [PMID: 30515274 PMCID: PMC6277312 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2018.12.6.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Mulberry leaf (ML) has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase, and suppresses postprandial hyperglycemia, which may be related to its deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) content. This study was conducted to investigate the hypoglycemic and dyslipidemic effects of rice coated with ML rich in DNJ in a type 2 diabetes mouse model. MATERIALS/METHODS The mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 each): non-diabetic normal control (NC); diabetic control (DM-C), fed with 10% polished rice powder (DM-R); and fed with 10% polished rice powder coated with DNJ-rich ML (DM-DNJR). RESULTS Supplementation with DNJR for six weeks decreased levels of fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and blood glycosylated hemoglobin; conversely, levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol showed an increase in the same treatment. In addition, weights of mesenteric, epididymal, and total adipose tissues decreased with DNJR supplementation, when compared with diabetic control db/db mice, while maltase, lactase, and sucrase activity in the small intestine were inhibited. The anti-diabetic effects were marginally greater in the DM-DNJR group than in the DM-R group. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that rice coated with ML rich in DNJ can reduce hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in db/db mice, and may prove useful for individuals with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joomin Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Culinary Science, Hankyong National University, Gyeonggi 17579, Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bhat ZF, Morton JD, Mason S, Bekhit AEDA, Bhat HF. Obesity and neurological disorders: Dietary perspective of a global menace. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 59:1294-1310. [PMID: 29257910 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1404442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is considered a major public health concern throughout the world among children, adolescents, as well as adults and several therapeutic, preventive and dietary interventions are available. In addition to life style changes and medical interventions, significant milestones have been achieved in the past decades in the development of several functional foods and dietary regimens to reduce this menace. Being a multifactorial phenomenon and related to increased fat mass that adversely affects health, obesity has been associated with the development of several other co-morbidities. A great body of research and strong scientific evidence identifies obesity as an important risk factor for onset and progression of several neurological disorders. Obesity induced dyslipidaemia, metabolic dysfunction, and inflammation are attributable to the development of a variety of effects on central nervous system (CNS). Evidence suggests that neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease could be initiated by various metabolic changes, related to CNS damage, caused by obesity. These metabolic changes could alter the synaptic plasticity of the neurons and lead to neural death, affecting the normal physiology of CNS. Dietary intervention in combination with exercise can affect the molecular events involved in energy metabolism and synaptic plasticity and are considered effective non-invasive strategy to counteract cognitive and neurological disorders. The present review gives an overview of the obesity and related neurological disorders and the possible dietary interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuhaib F Bhat
- a Lincoln University Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Wine Food and Molecular Biosciences , Lincoln , Canterbury , New Zealand
| | - James D Morton
- a Lincoln University Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Wine Food and Molecular Biosciences , Lincoln , Canterbury , New Zealand
| | - Sue Mason
- a Lincoln University Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Wine Food and Molecular Biosciences , Lincoln , Canterbury , New Zealand
| | | | - Hina Fayaz Bhat
- c Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir , Srinagar , India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Walkowiak J, Malikowska K, Glapa A, Bogdański P, Fidler-Witoń E, Szulińska M, Chudzicka-Strugała I, Miśkiewicz-Chotnicka A, Mądry E, Lisowska A. Conjugated linoleic acid does not affect digestion and absorption of fat and starch-a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled parallel study. J Breath Res 2017; 12:016010. [PMID: 28824012 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aa872d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is known as a potent agent for altering body weight and composition. However, its effect on the process of digestion is still unknown. The aim of this study has been to elucidate the effect of a 3-month supplementation with CLA on starch and fat digestion and absorption in humans. APPROACH The study included 74 obese and overweight adults who were randomized to receive 3.0 g of CLA or sunflower oil as placebo daily for 3 months. Digestion and absorption of fat and starch was assessed using non-invasive breath tests with a stable 13C isotope (cumulative percentage dose recovery, CPDR) before and after the supplementation period. To exclude the effect of oxidation, in addition total energy expenditure (TTE) was measured by a 13C bicarbonate breath test. RESULTS The changes in CPDR values (∆CPDR median 〈interquartile range〉) were no different between subjects from the CLA group and the placebo group (fat: -0.2 〈-9.1-4.1〉 versus 0.6 〈-7.0-8.0〉, p < 0.4796; starch: -1.3 〈-9.5-2.4〉 versus -1.0 〈-5.1-1.7〉, p < 0.5520, respectively). The incidence of negative and positive values of ∆CPDR was no different between groups [for fat: 53.1% versus 46.7%, RR 1.138, (95% CI 0.689-1.882) and for starch: 67.7% versus 56.7%, RR 1.195, (95% CI 0.804-1.777)]. The changes in TTE did not differ between the CLA and the placebo group (respectively 1 〈48; 267〉 versus -8 〈-120;93〉 kcal; p < 0.2728). CONCLUSION Supplementation with CLA for 3 months did not affect fat and starch digestion assessed by 13C mixed triglyceride breath test and 13C starch breath test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Walkowiak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|