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Association between Carbohydrate Intake and the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Women. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093098. [PMID: 34578975 PMCID: PMC8465012 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates consist of a large proportion of calories in the Asian diet. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between carbohydrate intake and metabolic syndrome in Korean women. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted with a total of 4294 Korean women aged 40–69 years from the Korean Genomic and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). Carbohydrate intake was calculated based on a validated food frequency questionnaire. Metabolic syndrome was defined by using the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEPIII). Logistic regression was used to estimate the association of carbohydrate intake with metabolic syndrome and its components. In this study, high carbohydrate intake seemed to be associated with low socioeconomic status and an imbalanced diet. After adjusting for confounding factors, subjects with higher carbohydrate intake showed an increased risk of metabolic syndrome (odds ratio (OR) 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–1.66, p-trend = 0.004, highest vs. lowest quartile [≥75.2 vs. <67.0% of energy]), particularly elevated waist circumference. This association was stronger among those with low levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and those with low dairy intake. In conclusion, higher carbohydrate intake is associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome, particularly abdominal obesity, in Korean women. This association may differ according to individuals’ CRP level and dairy intake.
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Ngo-Nkondjock RV, Yuntao Z, Adnan H, Adnan SM, Cheteu TMW, Li Y. The chronotype conjecture in the association between dietary carbohydrate intake and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP): a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2015 data. Sleep Sci 2021; 14:3-10. [PMID: 34104331 PMCID: PMC8157775 DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20200047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence suggests that the timing of macronutrient intake affects cardiovascular health. The present study aims to assess the association between the dietary carbohydrate intake (DCI) and the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) combined with the implication of the chronotype. Thus, we explored the most recently released National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. We analysed data from 5,616 participants of the NHANES in 2015. We selected participants with available data for the DCI, sleep and wake-up time, and the hs-CRP. Chronotypes were categorized according to the sleep times. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to predict participants with low or high levels of hs-CRP based on the DCI and chronotypes. Moderation analysis was used to investigate the effect of the chronotypes on the DCI-hs-CRP's association. A higher DCI was significantly associated with the higher hs-CRP levels (odds ratio (OR) = 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [0.9-1.8]). Moderate evening (ME) chronotypes had higher risk for high hs-CRP level (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = [1.22-1.23]) compared to the intermediate and the morning chronotypes. The chronotype significantly moderated the hs-CRP given the DCI (moderation coefficient, α2=0.05, 95% CI = [0.01-0.08]). The chronotype diminished the hs-CRP predicted by the DCI. The findings of the study underscore the significance of assessing the protective effect of individuals' chronotype concerning cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raissa Victorine Ngo-Nkondjock
- Harbin Medical University, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health - Harbin - Heilongjiang - China
| | - Zhang Yuntao
- Harbin Medical University, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health - Harbin - Heilongjiang - China
| | - Humara Adnan
- Harbin Medical University, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health - Harbin - Heilongjiang - China
| | | | - Thérèse Martin Wabo Cheteu
- Harbin Medical University, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health - Harbin - Heilongjiang - China
| | - Ying Li
- Harbin Medical University, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health - Harbin - Heilongjiang - China
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Gilbertson NM, Eichner NZM, Khurshid M, Rexrode EA, Kranz S, Weltman A, Hallowell PT, Malin SK. Impact of Pre-operative Aerobic Exercise on Cardiometabolic Health and Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1018. [PMID: 32982777 PMCID: PMC7479188 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine the effect of aerobic exercise (EX) combined with standard medical care (SC) (EX + SC) compared to SC alone on cardiometabolic health and quality of life in relation to surgical outcomes. METHODS Patients receiving bariatric surgery were match-paired to 30 days of pre-operative SC (n = 7, 1 male, 39.0 ± 5.3 years, body mass index 46.4 ± 3.0 kg/m2; low calorie diet) or EX + SC (n = 7, 0 males, 45.6 ± 4.8 years, body mass index 43.9 ± 4.2 kg/m2; walking 30 min/day, 5 days/week, 65-85% HR peak ). Body mass, waist circumference, cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), cytokeratin 18 (CK18), weight related quality of life (QoL), and a 120 min mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT) was performed to assess arterial stiffness via augmentation index normalized to a heart rate of 75 beats per minute (AIx@75), whole-body insulin sensitivity, and glucose total area under the curve (tAUC) pre- and post-intervention (∼2 days prior to surgery). Length of hospital stay (admission to discharge) was recorded. RESULTS EX + SC had a greater effect for decreased intake of total calories (P = 0.14; ES = 0.86) compared to SC, but no change in body weight or waist circumference was observed in either group. EX + SC had a greater effect for increased VO2peak (P = 0.24; ES = 0.91) and decreased hs-CRP (P = 0.31; ES = 0.69) compared to SC. EX + SC reduced circulating CK18 (P = 0.05; ES = 3.05) and improved QoL (P = 0.02) compared to SC. Although EX + SC had no statistical effect on arterial stiffness compared to SC, we observed a modest effect size for AIx@75 tAUC (P = 0.36; ES = 0.52). EX + SC had a significantly shorter length of hospital stay (P = 0.05; ES = 1.38) than SC, and a shorter length of hospital stay was associated with decreased sugar intake (r = 0.55, P = 0.04). Decreased AIx@75 tAUC significantly correlated with improved whole-body insulin sensitivity (r = -0.59, P = 0.03) and glucose tAUC (r = 0.57, P = 0.04). CONCLUSION EX with SC for 30 days prior to bariatric surgery may be important for cardiometabolic health, quality of life, and surgical outcomes in the bariatric patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M. Gilbertson
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Natalie Z. M. Eichner
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Mahnoor Khurshid
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Rexrode
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Sibylle Kranz
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Arthur Weltman
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Peter T. Hallowell
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Steven K. Malin
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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Pickworth CK, Deichert DA, Corroon J, Bradley RD. Randomized controlled trials investigating the relationship between dietary pattern and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2019; 77:363-375. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney K Pickworth
- National University of Natural Medicine, Helfgott Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Jamie Corroon
- National University of Natural Medicine, Helfgott Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ryan D Bradley
- National University of Natural Medicine, Helfgott Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Rohr M, Narasimhulu CA, Sharma D, Doomra M, Riad A, Naser S, Parthasarathy S. Inflammatory Diseases of the Gut. J Med Food 2018; 21:113-126. [PMID: 29389238 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract whose prevalence has been dramatically increasing over the past decade. New studies have shown that IBD is the second most common chronic inflammatory disease worldwide after rheumatoid arthritis, affecting millions of people mainly in industrialized countries. Symptoms of IBD include frequent bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramping, anorexia, abdominal distension, and emesis. Although the exact etiology is unknown, it has been postulated that immunological, microbial, environmental, nutritional, and genetic factors contribute to the pathogenesis and severity of IBD. Today, no treatment has consistently been shown to be successful in treating IBD. This review summarizes current research on the epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, and existing treatment approaches, including pharmaceutical and nutritional options for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rohr
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida, USA
| | | | - Dhara Sharma
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Mitsushita Doomra
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Aladdin Riad
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Saleh Naser
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Sampath Parthasarathy
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida, USA
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Sanchez-Aguadero N, Alonso-Dominguez R, Recio-Rodriguez JI, Patino-Alonso MC, Gomez-Marcos MA, Martin-Cantera C, Schmolling-Guinovart Y, Garcia-Ortiz L. Dietary glycemic index and retinal microvasculature in adults: a cross-sectional study. Nutr J 2016; 15:88. [PMID: 27756385 PMCID: PMC5070080 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-016-0209-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze the relationship between dietary glycemic index (GI) and retinal microvasculature in adults. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 300 subjects from the EVIDENT II study. Dietary GI was calculated using a validated, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Retinal photographs were digitized, temporal vessels were measured in an area 0.5–1 disc diameter from the optic disc and arteriolar-venular index (AVI) was estimated with semi-automated software. Results AVI showed a significant difference between the tertiles of GI, after adjusting for potential confounders. The lowest AVI values were observed among subjects in the highest tertile of GI, whereas the greatest were found among those in the lowest tertile (estimated marginal mean of 0.738 vs. 0.768, p = 0.014). Conclusions In adults, high dietary GI implies lowering AVI values regardless of age, gender and other confounding variables. Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT02016014. Registered 9 December 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sanchez-Aguadero
- Primary Care Research Unit, The Alamedilla Health Center, Castilla and León Health Service (SACYL), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Spanish Network for Preventive Activities and Health Promotion (redIAPP), Salamanca, Spain. .,Primary care Research Unit, The Alamedilla Health Center, Avda. Comuneros N° 27, 37003, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Rosario Alonso-Dominguez
- Primary Care Research Unit, The Alamedilla Health Center, Castilla and León Health Service (SACYL), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Spanish Network for Preventive Activities and Health Promotion (redIAPP), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jose I Recio-Rodriguez
- Primary Care Research Unit, The Alamedilla Health Center, Castilla and León Health Service (SACYL), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Salamanca, Spanish Network for Preventive Activities and Health Promotion (redIAPP), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria C Patino-Alonso
- Department of Statistics, University of Salamanca, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Spanish Network for Preventive Activities and Health Promotion (redIAPP), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel A Gomez-Marcos
- Primary Care Research Unit, The Alamedilla Health Center, Castilla and León Health Service (SACYL), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Spanish Network for Preventive Activities and Health Promotion (redIAPP), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlos Martin-Cantera
- Passeig de Sant Joan Health Center, Catalan Health Service, Spanish Network for Preventive Activities and Health Promotion (redIAPP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yolanda Schmolling-Guinovart
- Río Tajo Health Center, Castilla-La Mancha Health Service, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spanish Network for Preventive Activities and Health Promotion (redIAPP), Talavera de la Reina, Spain
| | - Luis Garcia-Ortiz
- Primary Care Research Unit, The Alamedilla Health Center, Castilla and León Health Service (SACYL), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Salamanca, Spanish Network for Preventive Activities and Health Promotion (redIAPP), Salamanca, Spain
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Alves BC, Silva TRD, Spritzer PM. Sedentary Lifestyle and High-Carbohydrate Intake are Associated with Low-Grade Chronic Inflammation in Post-Menopause: A Cross-sectional Study. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GINECOLOGIA E OBSTETRÍCIA 2016; 38:317-24. [PMID: 27420776 PMCID: PMC10374236 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1584582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in post menopausal women, and inflammation is involved in the atherosclerosis process. Purpose to assess whether dietary pattern, metabolic profile, body composition and physical activity are associated with low-grade chronic inflammation according to high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in postmenopausal women. Methods ninety-five postmenopausal participants, with no evidence of clinical disease, underwent anthropometric, metabolic and hormonal assessments. Usual dietary intake was assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire, habitual physical activity was measured with a digital pedometer, and body composition was estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Patients with hs-CRP ≥10 mg/L or using hormone therapy in the last three months before the study were excluded from the analysis. Participants were stratified according to hs-CRP lower or ≥3 mg/L. Sedentary lifestyle was defined as walking fewer than 6 thousand steps a day. Two-tailed Student's t-test, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U or Chi-square (χ(2)) test were used to compare differences between groups. A logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratio of variables for high hs-CRP. Results participants with hs-CRP ≥3 mg/L had higher body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, waist circumference (WC), triglycerides, glucose, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01 for all variables) than women with hs-CRP <3 mg/L. Also, women with hs-CRP ≥3 mg/L had a higher glycemic load diet and lower protein intake. Prevalence of sedentary lifestyle (p < 0.01) and metabolic syndrome (p < 0.01) was higher in women with hs-CRP ≥3 mg/L. After adjustment for age and time since menopause, the odds ratio for hs-CRP ≥3 mg/L was higher for sedentary lifestyle (4.7, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.4-15.5) and carbohydrate intake (2.9, 95%CI 1.1-7.7). Conclusions sedentary lifestyle and high-carbohydrate intake were associated with low-grade chronic inflammation and cardiovascular risk in postmenopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Cherubini Alves
- Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Thaís Rasia da Silva
- Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Poli Mara Spritzer
- Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Meal-based enhancement of protein quality and quantity during weight loss in obese older adults with mobility limitations: rationale and design for the MEASUR-UP trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2014; 40:112-23. [PMID: 25461495 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Obese older adults with even modest functional limitations are at a disadvantage for maintaining their independence into late life. However, there is no established intervention for obesity in older individuals. The Measuring Eating, Activity, and Strength: Understanding the Response - Using Protein (MEASUR-UP) trial is a randomized controlled pilot study of obese women and men aged ≥60 years with mild to moderate functional impairments. Changes in body composition (lean and fat mass) and function (Short Physical Performance Battery) in an enhanced protein weight reduction (Protein) arm will be compared to those in a traditional weight loss (Control) arm. The Protein intervention is based on evidence that older adults achieve optimal rates of muscle protein synthesis when consuming about 25-30 g of high quality protein per meal; these participants will consume ~30 g of animal protein at each meal via a combination of provided protein (beef) servings and diet counseling. This trial will provide information on the feasibility and efficacy of enhancing protein quantity and quality in the context of a weight reduction regimen and determine the impact of this intervention on body weight, functional status, and lean muscle mass. We hypothesize that the enhancement of protein quantity and quality in the Protein arm will result in better outcomes for function and/or lean muscle mass than in the Control arm. Ultimately, we hope our findings will help identify a safe weight loss approach that can delay or prevent late life disability by changing the trajectory of age-associated functional impairment associated with obesity.
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Gopinath B, Flood VM, Wang JJ, Smith W, Rochtchina E, Louie JCY, Wong TY, Brand-Miller J, Mitchell P. Carbohydrate nutrition is associated with changes in the retinal vascular structure and branching pattern in children. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 95:1215-22. [PMID: 22456656 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.031641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher intake of carbohydrates and high-glycemic index (high-GI) diets could lead to small vessel dysfunction. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the associations between intakes of high-GI and high-glycemic load (high-GL) diets, carbohydrate, and the main carbohydrate-containing food groups and retinal microvascular changes in preadolescents. DESIGN Students aged 12 y (n = 2353) from a random cluster sample of 21 schools underwent detailed eye examinations. Retinal vessel caliber and fractal dimension were measured from digital retinal images. A validated semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire was administered. RESULTS After multivariable adjustment, children who consumed soft drinks once or more per day had significantly narrower mean retinal arterioles (∼1.9 μm) than did those who never or rarely consumed soft drinks (P-trend = 0.03). When the highest to lowest tertiles of carbohydrate consumption were compared, girls had significantly narrower retinal arterioles (∼1.4 μm; P-trend = 0.03) and boys had wider venules (∼2.3 μm; P-trend = 0.02). In girls only, a higher-GI diet was associated with narrower retinal arterioles (0.98-μm narrowing of retinal arteriolar caliber per SD increase in GI, P = 0.01). Carbohydrate intake and a high-GL diet were associated with greater retinal fractal dimension in girls (highest compared with lowest tertiles: P-trend = 0.003 and 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Greater consumption of carbohydrates and soft drinks was associated with retinal arteriolar narrowing and venular widening. Because these microvascular signs have been shown to be markers of future cardiovascular disease risk, the presence of this risk factor in children could support the need for healthy dietary patterns that include lower consumption of high-GI foods and soft drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bamini Gopinath
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Differential effects of dietary protein sources on postprandial low-grade inflammation after a single high fat meal in obese non-diabetic subjects. Nutr J 2011; 10:115. [PMID: 22011432 PMCID: PMC3218047 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-10-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. Chronic low-grade inflammation is associated with the pathophysiology of both type-2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. Prevention or reduction of chronic low-grade inflammation may be advantageous in relation to obesity related co-morbidity. In this study we investigated the acute effect of dietary protein sources on postprandial low-grade inflammatory markers after a high-fat meal in obese non-diabetic subjects. Methods We conducted a randomized, acute clinical intervention study in a crossover design. We supplemented a fat rich mixed meal with one of four dietary proteins - cod protein, whey isolate, gluten or casein. 11 obese non-diabetic subjects (age: 40-68, BMI: 30.3-42.0 kg/m2) participated and blood samples were drawn in the 4 h postprandial period. Adiponectin was estimated by ELISA methods and cytokines were analyzed by multiplex assay. Results MCP-1 and CCL5/RANTES displayed significant postprandial dynamics. CCL5/RANTES initially increased after all meals, but overall CCL5/RANTES incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was significantly lower after the whey meal compared with the cod and casein meals (P = 0.0053). MCP-1 was initially suppressed after all protein meals. However, the iAUC was significantly higher after whey meal compared to the cod and gluten meals (P = 0.04). Conclusion We have demonstrated acute differential effects on postprandial low grade inflammation of four dietary proteins in obese non-diabetic subjects. CCL5/RANTES initially increased after all meals but the smallest overall postprandial increase was observed after the whey meal. MCP-1 was initially suppressed after all 4 protein meals and the whey meal caused the smallest overall postprandial suppression. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT00863564
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Scholl TO, Chen X, Goldberg GS, Khusial PR, Stein TP. Maternal Diet, C-Reactive Protein, and the Outcome of Pregnancy. J Am Coll Nutr 2011; 30:233-40. [PMID: 21917703 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2011.10719965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Glycemic index and glycemic load and their association with C-reactive protein and incident type 2 diabetes. J Nutr Metab 2011; 2011:623076. [PMID: 21804937 PMCID: PMC3142706 DOI: 10.1155/2011/623076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To investigate whether the Glycemic Index (GI) or Glycemic Load (GL) of a diet is associated with C-reactive Protein (CRP) and risk of type 2 diabetes in a prospective study. Materials and Methods. Our analysis included 4,366 participants who did not have diabetes at baseline. During follow-up 456 diabetes cases were confirmed. Dietary GI and GL were derived from a food-frequency questionnaire and its association with CRP was examined cross-sectionally using linear regression models. The association of GI and GL with diabetes incidence was examined using Cox proportional hazard models. Results. GL, but not GI, was associated with lnCRP at baseline (bGL = 0.11 per 50 units; P = .01). When comparing the highest to the lowest tertile of GI with respect to diabetes incidence, a Relative Risk (RR) of 0.95 [95%CI 0.75, 1.21] was found after adjustment for lifestyle and nutritional factors. For GL the RR for diabetes incidence was 1.00 [95%CI 0.74, 1.36]. Additional adjustment for CRP did not change RRs.
Conclusion. Since GI was not associated with CRP and risk of type 2 diabetes, it is unlikely that a high GI diet induces the previously shown positive association between CRP and risk of type 2 diabetes by increasing CRP concentrations.
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Kershaw KN, Mezuk B, Abdou CM, Rafferty JA, Jackson JS. Socioeconomic position, health behaviors, and C-reactive protein: a moderated-mediation analysis. Health Psychol 2010; 29:307-16. [PMID: 20496985 DOI: 10.1037/a0019286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to understand the link between low socioeconomic position (SEP) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) by examining the association between SEP, health-related coping behaviors, and C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory marker and independent risk factor for CVD, in a U.S. sample of adults. DESIGN We used a multiple mediation model to evaluate how these behaviors work in concert to influence CRP levels and whether these relationships were moderated by gender and race/ethnicity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES CRP levels were divided into two categories: elevated CRP (3.1-10.0 mg/L) and normal CRP (< or =3.0 mg/L). RESULTS Both poverty and low educational attainment were associated with elevated CRP, and these associations were primarily explained through higher levels of smoking and lower levels of exercise. In the education model, poor diet also emerged as a significant mediator. These behaviors accounted for 87.9% of the total effect of education on CRP and 55.8% the total effect of poverty on CRP. We also found significant moderation of these mediated effects by gender and race/ethnicity. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate the influence of socioeconomically patterned environmental constraints on individual-level health behaviors. Specifically, reducing socioeconomic inequalities may have positive effects on CVD disparities through reducing cigarette smoking and increasing vigorous exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiarri N Kershaw
- Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan, 109 Observatory Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA.
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Buyken AE, Flood V, Empson M, Rochtchina E, Barclay AW, Brand-Miller J, Mitchell P. Carbohydrate nutrition and inflammatory disease mortality in older adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 92:634-43. [PMID: 20573797 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.29390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies suggest that carbohydrate nutrition is related to oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. OBJECTIVE We examined whether dietary glycemic index (GI), dietary fiber, and carbohydrate-containing food groups were associated with the mortality attributable to noncardiovascular, noncancer inflammatory disease in an older Australian cohort. DESIGN Analysis included 1490 postmenopausal women and 1245 men aged ge 49 y at baseline (1992-1994) from a population-based cohort who completed a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards ratios were calculated both for death from diseases in which inflammation or oxidative stress was a predominant contributor and for cardiovascular mortality. RESULTS Over a 13-y period, 84 women and 86 men died of inflammatory diseases. Women in the highest GI tertile had a 2.9-fold increased risk of inflammatory death compared with women in the lowest GI tertile [multivariate hazard ratio in energy-adjusted tertile 3 (tertile 1 as reference): 2.89; 95% CI: 1.52, 5.51; P for trend: 0.0006, adjusted for age, smoking, diabetes, and alcohol and fiber consumption]. Increasing intakes of foods high in refined sugars or refined starches (P = 0.04) and decreasing intakes of bread and cereals (P = 0.008) or vegetables other than potatoes (P = 0.007) also independently predicted a greater risk, with subjects' GI partly explaining these associations. In men, only an increased consumption of fruit fiber (P = 0.005) and fruit (P = 0.04) conferred an independent decrease in risk of inflammatory death. No associations were observed with cardiovascular mortality. CONCLUSION These data provide new epidemiologic evidence of a potentially important link between GI and inflammatory disease mortality among older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette E Buyken
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Australia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Postprandial inflammation is an independent factor in evaluating food quality in addition to the well known parameters of nutritional value, caloric content and amount of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals and vitamins. Among the latter, the quality and quantity of fatty acids in a meal is a major determinant of the magnitude of postprandial inflammation. Purpose of this review is to describe this exciting new area of research and its repercussions in the way we, the consumers, and the food industry evaluate the type and quantity of fat in food. RECENT FINDINGS A number of, by now classical, epidemiologic studies have documented a strong association between the type of fatty acids consumed and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Recently published reports suggest that the adverse effect of dietary fatty acids on cardiovascular health depends on their postprandial modification of innate immunity ending in the so-called 'postprandial metabolic inflammation'. SUMMARY The quantity of fat and its qualitative characteristics such as the percentage of saturated fatty acids and the ratio of n-3 to n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in a meal have emerged as major determinants of the magnitude of postprandial inflammatory response. In this review, we will summarize all experimental evidence suggesting that the two families of PUFA appear to have antagonistic effects on postprandial inflammation, n-3 PUFA being anti-inflammatory while n-6 PUFA proinflammatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Margioris
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece.
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