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Mucha P, Kus F, Cysewski D, Smolenski RT, Tomczyk M. Vitamin B 12 Metabolism: A Network of Multi-Protein Mediated Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8021. [PMID: 39125597 PMCID: PMC11311337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The water-soluble vitamin, vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism, particularly in DNA synthesis, methylation, and mitochondrial functionality. Its deficiency can lead to hematological and neurological disorders; however, the manifestation of these clinical outcomes is relatively late. It leads to difficulties in the early diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency. A prolonged lack of vitamin B12 may have severe consequences including increased morbidity to neurological and cardiovascular diseases. Beyond inadequate dietary intake, vitamin B12 deficiency might be caused by insufficient bioavailability, blood transport disruptions, or impaired cellular uptake and metabolism. Despite nearly 70 years of knowledge since the isolation and characterization of this vitamin, there are still gaps in understanding its metabolic pathways. Thus, this review aims to compile current knowledge about the crucial proteins necessary to efficiently accumulate and process vitamin B12 in humans, presenting these systems as a multi-protein network. The epidemiological consequences, diagnosis, and treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency are also highlighted. We also discuss clinical warnings of vitamin B12 deficiency based on the ongoing test of specific moonlighting proteins engaged in vitamin B12 metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Mucha
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland; (P.M.); (F.K.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Filip Kus
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland; (P.M.); (F.K.); (R.T.S.)
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dominik Cysewski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Ryszard T. Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland; (P.M.); (F.K.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Marta Tomczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland; (P.M.); (F.K.); (R.T.S.)
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Hannibal L, Lederer AK, Storz MA, Huber R, Jacobsen DW. Vitamin B 12 Status and Supplementation in Plant-Based Diets. Food Nutr Bull 2024; 45:S58-S66. [PMID: 38987876 DOI: 10.1177/03795721241227233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Plant-based diets are increasingly popular worldwide. A well-planned plant-based diet lowers the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and certain cancers. In contrast, a poorly planned plant-based diet increases the risk of certain micronutrient deficiencies, chiefly, vitamin B12 (B12). Because B12 is not present in plants or in unfortified plant-based foodstuffs, the safest way to prevent its deficiency in plant-based diets is to take an oral B12 supplement. Studies determining the dose and frequency of B12 to be taken by healthy individuals on a plant-based diet to support an adequate B12 status are scarce. Here, we summarize the natural sources, metabolic requirements, biomarker findings with and without supplementation with B12, and current recommendations to help prevent vitamin B12 deficiency in healthy individuals adhering or transitioning to plant-based diets. This review focuses on the prevention of vitamin B12 deficiency in healthy individuals adhering to plant-based diets. The information covered in this review does not apply to individuals suffering from autoimmune-based malabsorption of vitamin B12 resulting from pernicious anemia due to atrophic gastritis, other acquired causes of B12 malabsorption or to those with genetic disorders that impair vitamin B12 absorption, transport and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Hannibal
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Lederer
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maximilian A Storz
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roman Huber
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Donald W Jacobsen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Yang Y, Ke Y, Liu X, Zhang Z, Zhang R, Tian F, Zhi L, Zhao G, Lv B, Hua S, Wu H. Navigating the B vitamins: Dietary diversity, microbial synthesis, and human health. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:12-18. [PMID: 38211561 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
B vitamins are intricately involved in various physiological processes vital for health. Their significance is complicated by the heterogeneous landscape of B vitamin distribution in diets and the contributions of the gut microbiota. Here, we delve into the impact of these factors on B vitamins and introduce strategies, with a focus on microbiota-based therapeutic options, to enhance their availability for improved well-being. Additionally, we provide an ecological and evolutionary perspective on the importance of B vitamins to human-microbiota interactions. In the dynamic realms of nutrition and microbiome science, these essential micronutrients continue to play a fundamental role in our understanding of disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan Microbiome Center, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yize Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan Microbiome Center, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan Microbiome Center, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan Microbiome Center, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Rongji Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan Microbiome Center, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Fang Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Luqian Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan Microbiome Center, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guoping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan Microbiome Center, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bomin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan Microbiome Center, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Sha Hua
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Failure Center, Ruijin Hospital Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan Microbiome Center, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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