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Ran J, Guo G, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Li D, Wu S, Cong Y, Wang X, Xie S, Zhao H, Liu H, Ou G, Zhu X, Zhou J, Liu M. KIF11 UFMylation Maintains Photoreceptor Cilium Integrity and Retinal Homeostasis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400569. [PMID: 38666385 PMCID: PMC11220646 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The photoreceptor cilium is vital for maintaining the structure and function of the retina. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the photoreceptor cilium integrity and retinal homeostasis are largely unknown. Herein, it is shown that kinesin family member 11 (KIF11) localizes at the transition zone (connecting cilium) of the photoreceptor and plays a crucial role in orchestrating the cilium integrity. KIF11 depletion causes malformations of both the photoreceptor ciliary axoneme and membranous discs, resulting in photoreceptor degeneration and the accumulation of drusen-like deposits throughout the retina. Mechanistic studies show that the stability of KIF11 is regulated by an interplay between its UFMylation and ubiquitination; UFMylation of KIF11 at lysine 953 inhibits its ubiquitination by synoviolin 1 and thereby prevents its proteasomal degradation. The lysine 953-to-arginine mutant of KIF11 is more stable than wild-type KIF11 and also more effective in reversing the ciliary and retinal defects induced by KIF11 depletion. These findings identify a critical role for KIF11 UFMylation in the maintenance of photoreceptor cilium integrity and retinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ran
- Center for Cell Structure and FunctionShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Guizhi Guo
- Center for Cell Structure and FunctionShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Center for Cell Structure and FunctionShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- Center for Cell Structure and FunctionShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Center for Cell Structure and FunctionShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Dengwen Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell BiologyState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Shian Wu
- Department of Genetics and Cell BiologyState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Yusheng Cong
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang ProvinceInstitute of Aging ResearchSchool of MedicineHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou310036China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of PharmacologyTianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
| | - Songbo Xie
- Center for Cell Structure and FunctionShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Huijie Zhao
- Center for Cell Structure and FunctionShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Center for Reproductive MedicineCheeloo College of MedicineKey Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of EducationShandong UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Guangshuo Ou
- Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesMinistry of Education Key Laboratory for Protein ScienceSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Xueliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell BiologyCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Center for Cell Structure and FunctionShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
- Department of Genetics and Cell BiologyState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Min Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue HomeostasisHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemTianjin300462China
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2
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Ricci A, Carradori S, Cataldi A, Zara S. Eg5 and Diseases: From the Well-Known Role in Cancer to the Less-Known Activity in Noncancerous Pathological Conditions. Biochem Res Int 2024; 2024:3649912. [PMID: 38939361 PMCID: PMC11211015 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3649912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Eg5 is a protein encoded by KIF11 gene and is primarily involved in correct mitotic cell division. It is also involved in nonmitotic processes such as polypeptide synthesis, protein transport, and angiogenesis. The scientific literature sheds light on the ubiquitous functions of KIF11 and its involvement in the onset and progression of different pathologies. This review focuses attention on two main points: (1) the correlation between Eg5 and cancer and (2) the involvement of Eg5 in noncancerous conditions. Regarding the first point, several tumors revealed an overexpression of this kinesin, thus pushing to look for new Eg5 inhibitors for clinical practice. In addition, the evaluation of Eg5 expression represents a crucial step, as its overexpression could predict a poor prognosis for cancer patients. Referring to the second point, in specific pathological conditions, the reduced activity of Eg5 can be one of the causes of pathological onset. This is the case of Alzheimer's disease (AD), in which Aβ and Tau work as Eg5 inhibitors, or in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), in which Tat-mediated Eg5 determines the loss of CD4+ T-lymphocytes. Reduced Eg5 activity, due to mutations of KIF11 gene, is also responsible for pathological conditions such as microcephaly with or without chorioretinopathy, lymphedema, or intellectual disability (MCLRI) and familial exudative vitreous retinopathy (FEVR). In conclusion, this review highlights the double impact that overexpression or loss of function of Eg5 could have in the onset and progression of different pathological situations. This emphasizes, on one hand, a possible role of Eg5 as a potential biomarker and new target in cancer and, on the other hand, the promotion of Eg5 expression/activity as a new therapeutic strategy in different noncancerous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Ricci
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Amelia Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Susi Zara
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
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Zhou Y, Xu MF, Chen J, Zhang JL, Wang XY, Huang MH, Wei YL, She ZY. Loss-of-function of kinesin-5 KIF11 causes microcephaly, chorioretinopathy, and developmental disorders through chromosome instability and cell cycle arrest. Exp Cell Res 2024; 436:113975. [PMID: 38367657 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.113975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Kinesin motors play a fundamental role in development by controlling intracellular transport, spindle assembly, and microtubule organization. In humans, patients carrying mutations in KIF11 suffer from an autosomal dominant inheritable disease called microcephaly with or without chorioretinopathy, lymphoedema, or mental retardation (MCLMR). While mitotic functions of KIF11 proteins have been well documented in centrosome separation and spindle assembly, cellular mechanisms underlying KIF11 dysfunction and MCLMR remain unclear. In this study, we generate KIF11-inhibition chick and zebrafish models and find that KIF11 inhibition results in microcephaly, chorioretinopathy, and severe developmental defects in vivo. Notably, loss-of-function of KIF11 causes the formation of monopolar spindle and chromosome misalignment, which finally contribute to cell cycle arrest, chromosome instability, and cell death. Our results demonstrate that KIF11 is crucial for spindle assembly, chromosome alignment, and cell cycle progression of progenitor stem cells, indicating a potential link between polyploidy and MCLMR. Our data have revealed that KIF11 inhibition cause microcephaly, chorioretinopathy, and development disorders through the formation of monopolar spindle, polyploid, and cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Meng-Fei Xu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Jing-Lian Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Xin-Yao Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Min-Hui Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Ya-Lan Wei
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China; College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Zhen-Yu She
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China.
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Modaghegh MHS, Tanzadehpanah H, Kamyar MM, Manoochehri H, Sheykhhasan M, Forouzanfar F, Mahmoudian RA, Lotfian E, Mahaki H. The role of key biomarkers in lymphatic malformation: An updated review. J Gene Med 2024; 26:e3665. [PMID: 38375969 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system, crucial for tissue fluid balance and immune surveillance, can be severely impacted by disorders that hinder its activities. Lymphatic malformations (LMs) are caused by fluid accumulation in tissues owing to defects in lymphatic channel formation, the obstruction of lymphatic vessels or injury to lymphatic tissues. Somatic mutations, varying in symptoms based on lesions' location and size, provide insights into their molecular pathogenesis by identifying LMs' genetic causes. In this review, we collected the most recent findings about the role of genetic and inflammatory biomarkers in LMs that control the formation of these malformations. A thorough evaluation of the literature from 2000 to the present was conducted using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Although it is obvious that the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 mutation accounts for a significant proportion of LM patients, several mutations in other genes thought to be linked to LM have also been discovered. Also, inflammatory mediators like interleukin-6, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and mammalian target of rapamycin are the most commonly associated biomarkers with LM. Understanding the mutations and genes expression responsible for the abnormalities in lymphatic endothelial cells could lead to novel therapeutic strategies based on molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamid Tanzadehpanah
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Kamyar
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Manoochehri
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sheykhhasan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Forouzanfar
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reihaneh Alsadat Mahmoudian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elham Lotfian
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hanie Mahaki
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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5
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Jindal P, Gunasekaran PK, Manjunathan S, Varshney JS, Singh K, Saini L. Triad of Microcephaly, Pedal Lymphedema, and Pigmentary Eye Changes: A Visual Diagnosis. Indian J Pediatr 2024; 91:195-196. [PMID: 37043106 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-023-04568-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Jindal
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur-342005, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Sujatha Manjunathan
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur-342005, Rajasthan, India
| | - Jyoti Shakrawal Varshney
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur-342005, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur-342005, Rajasthan, India
| | - Lokesh Saini
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur-342005, Rajasthan, India.
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Li L, Ran J. Regulation of ciliary homeostasis by intraflagellar transport-independent kinesins. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:47. [PMID: 38218748 PMCID: PMC10787775 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06428-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Cilia are highly conserved eukaryotic organelles that protrude from the cell surface and are involved in sensory perception, motility, and signaling. Their proper assembly and function rely on the bidirectional intraflagellar transport (IFT) system, which involves motor proteins, including antegrade kinesins and retrograde dynein. Although the role of IFT-mediated transport in cilia has been extensively studied, recent research has highlighted the contribution of IFT-independent kinesins in ciliary processes. The coordinated activities and interplay between IFT kinesins and IFT-independent kinesins are crucial for maintaining ciliary homeostasis. In this comprehensive review, we aim to delve into the specific contributions and mechanisms of action of the IFT-independent kinesins in cilia. By shedding light on their involvement, we hope to gain a more holistic perspective on ciliogenesis and ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Jie Ran
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
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7
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Chien SC, Chen CP. Genetic Counseling of Fetal Microcephaly. J Med Ultrasound 2024; 32:1-7. [PMID: 38665355 PMCID: PMC11040482 DOI: 10.4103/jmu.jmu_18_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fetal microcephaly is a small head with various losses of cerebral cortical volume. The affected cases may suffer from a wide range in severity of impaired cerebral development from slight to severe mental retardation. It can be an isolated finding or with other anomalies depending on the heterogeneous causes including genetic mutations, chromosomal abnormalities, congenital infectious diseases, maternal alcohol consumption, and metabolic disorders during pregnancy. It is often a lifelong and incurable condition. Thus, early detection of fetal microcephaly and identification of the underlying causes are important for clinical staff to provide appropriate genetic counseling to the parents and accurate management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical and Community Health Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Kuonqui K, Campbell AC, Sarker A, Roberts A, Pollack BL, Park HJ, Shin J, Brown S, Mehrara BJ, Kataru RP. Dysregulation of Lymphatic Endothelial VEGFR3 Signaling in Disease. Cells 2023; 13:68. [PMID: 38201272 PMCID: PMC10778007 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 3 (VEGFR3), a receptor tyrosine kinase encoded by the FLT4 gene, plays a significant role in the morphogenesis and maintenance of lymphatic vessels. Under both normal and pathologic conditions, VEGF-C and VEGF-D bind VEGFR3 on the surface of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and induce lymphatic proliferation, migration, and survival by activating intracellular PI3K-Akt and MAPK-ERK signaling pathways. Impaired lymphatic function and VEGFR3 signaling has been linked with a myriad of commonly encountered clinical conditions. This review provides a brief overview of intracellular VEGFR3 signaling in LECs and explores examples of dysregulated VEGFR3 signaling in various disease states, including (1) lymphedema, (2) tumor growth and metastasis, (3) obesity and metabolic syndrome, (4) organ transplant rejection, and (5) autoimmune disorders. A more complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the lymphatic pathology of each disease will allow for the development of novel strategies to treat these chronic and often debilitating illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Babak J. Mehrara
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Raghu P. Kataru
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Farcy S, Hachour H, Bahi-Buisson N, Passemard S. Genetic Primary Microcephalies: When Centrosome Dysfunction Dictates Brain and Body Size. Cells 2023; 12:1807. [PMID: 37443841 PMCID: PMC10340463 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary microcephalies (PMs) are defects in brain growth that are detectable at or before birth and are responsible for neurodevelopmental disorders. Most are caused by biallelic or, more rarely, dominant mutations in one of the likely hundreds of genes encoding PM proteins, i.e., ubiquitous centrosome or microtubule-associated proteins required for the division of neural progenitor cells in the embryonic brain. Here, we provide an overview of the different types of PMs, i.e., isolated PMs with or without malformations of cortical development and PMs associated with short stature (microcephalic dwarfism) or sensorineural disorders. We present an overview of the genetic, developmental, neurological, and cognitive aspects characterizing the most representative PMs. The analysis of phenotypic similarities and differences among patients has led scientists to elucidate the roles of these PM proteins in humans. Phenotypic similarities indicate possible redundant functions of a few of these proteins, such as ASPM and WDR62, which play roles only in determining brain size and structure. However, the protein pericentrin (PCNT) is equally required for determining brain and body size. Other PM proteins perform both functions, albeit to different degrees. Finally, by comparing phenotypes, we considered the interrelationships among these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Farcy
- UMR144, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France;
- Inserm UMR-S 1163, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Hassina Hachour
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, DMU INOV-RDB, APHP, Hôpital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France;
| | - Nadia Bahi-Buisson
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, DMU MICADO, APHP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France;
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMR-S 1163, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Passemard
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, DMU INOV-RDB, APHP, Hôpital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France;
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMR 1141, NeuroDiderot, 75019 Paris, France
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Alahmadi G, Alshamrani AA, Albakri A. Novel variant of KIF11 associated with MCLMR syndrome. Ophthalmic Genet 2023; 44:205-207. [PMID: 36004687 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2022.2113540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghaida Alahmadi
- Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Amani Albakri
- Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Chang H, Zhang X, Xu K, Li N, Xie Y, Yan W, Li Y. Phenotype-Based Genetic Analysis Reveals Missing Heritability of KIF11-Related Retinopathy: Clinical and Genetic Findings. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:212. [PMID: 36672954 PMCID: PMC9858922 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to detect the missing heritability of patients with KIF11-related retinopathy and to describe their clinical and genetic characteristics. We enrolled 10 individuals from 7 unrelated families harboring a pathogenic monoallelic variant in KIF11. All subjects underwent ophthalmic assessment and extraocular phenotype evaluations, as well as comprehensive molecular genetic analyses using next-generation sequencing. Minigene assays were performed to observe the effects of one novel deep intron variant (DIV) and one novel synonymous variant on pre-mRNA splicing. We detected 6 novel different disease-causing variants of KIF11 in the seven pedigrees. Co-segregation analysis and ultra-deep sequencing results indicated that 5 variants arose de novo in 5 families (71%). Functional validation revealed that the synonymous variant leads to an exon skip, while the DIV causes a pseudoexon (PE) inclusion. The patients presented with high variations in their phenotype, and two families exhibited incomplete penetrance. Ocular manifestations and characteristic facial features were observed in all patients, as well as microcephaly in seven patients, intellectual disability in five patients, and lymphedema in one patient. The key retinal features for KIF11-related retinopathy were retinal folds, tractional retinal detachment, and chorioretinal dysplasia. All seven probands had more severe visual detects than other affected family members. Our findings widen the genetic spectrum of KIF11 variants. DIV explained rare unresolved cases with KIF11-related retinopathy. The patients displayed a variable phenotype expressivity and incomplete penetrance, indicating the importance of genetic analysis for patients with KIF11-related retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yang Li
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100051, China
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12
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Yu WX, Li YK, Xu MF, Xu CJ, Chen J, Wei YL, She ZY. Kinesin-5 Eg5 is essential for spindle assembly, chromosome stability and organogenesis in development. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:490. [PMID: 36513626 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01281-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome stability relies on bipolar spindle assembly and faithful chromosome segregation during cell division. Kinesin-5 Eg5 is a plus-end-directed kinesin motor protein, which is essential for spindle pole separation and chromosome alignment in mitosis. Heterozygous Eg5 mutations cause autosomal-dominant microcephaly, primary lymphedema, and chorioretinal dysplasia syndrome in humans. However, the developmental roles and cellular mechanisms of Eg5 in organogenesis remain largely unknown. In this study, we have shown that Eg5 inhibition leads to the formation of the monopolar spindle, chromosome misalignment, polyploidy, and subsequent apoptosis. Strikingly, long-term inhibition of Eg5 stimulates the immune responses and the accumulation of lymphocytes in the mouse spleen through the innate and specific immunity pathways. Eg5 inhibition results in metaphase arrest and cell growth inhibition, and suppresses the formation of somite and retinal development in zebrafish embryos. Our data have revealed the essential roles of kinesin-5 Eg5 involved in cell proliferation, chromosome stability, and organogenesis during development. Our findings shed a light on the cellular basis and pathogenesis in microcephaly, primary lymphedema, and chorioretinal dysplasia syndrome of Eg5-mutation-positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xin Yu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 350122, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, 350122, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yu-Kun Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 350122, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, 350122, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Meng-Fei Xu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 350122, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, 350122, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chen-Jie Xu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 350122, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, 350122, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 350122, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, 350122, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ya-Lan Wei
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, 350001, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, 350122, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhen-Yu She
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 350122, Fuzhou, Fujian, China. .,Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, 350122, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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13
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Cappuccio G, De Bernardi ML, Morlando A, Peduto C, Scala I, Pinelli M, Bellacchio E, Gallo FG, Magli A, Plaitano C, Serrano M, Pías L, Català J, Bolasell M, Torella A, Nigro V, Zanni G, Brunetti‐Pierri N. Postnatal microcephaly and retinal involvement expand the phenotype of RPL10-related disorder. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:3032-3040. [PMID: 35876338 PMCID: PMC9545381 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hemizygous missense variants in the RPL10 gene encoding a ribosomal unit are responsible for an X-linked syndrome presenting with intellectual disability (ID), autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, dysmorphic features, and multiple congenital anomalies. Among 15 individuals with RPL10-related disorder reported so far, only one patient had retinitis pigmentosa and microcephaly was observed in approximately half of the cases. By exome sequencing, three Italian and one Spanish male children, from three independent families, were found to carry the same hemizygous novel missense variant p.(Arg32Leu) in RPL10, inherited by their unaffected mother in all cases. The variant, not reported in gnomAD, is located in the 28S rRNA binding region, affecting an evolutionary conserved residue and predicted to disrupt the salt-bridge between Arg32 and Asp28. In addition to features consistent with RPL10-related disorder, all four boys had retinal degeneration and postnatal microcephaly. Pathogenic variants in genes responsible for inherited retinal degenerations were ruled out in all the probands. A novel missense RPL10 variant was detected in four probands with a recurrent phenotype including ID, dysmorphic features, progressive postnatal microcephaly, and retinal anomalies. The presented individuals suggest that retinopathy and postnatal microcephaly are clinical clues of RPL10-related disorder, and at least the retinal defect might be more specific for the p.(Arg32Leu) RPL10 variant, suggesting a specific genotype/phenotype correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerarda Cappuccio
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of PediatricsFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly,Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicineNaplesItaly,Present address:
Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research InstituteTexas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
| | | | - Alessia Morlando
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of PediatricsFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Cristina Peduto
- Department of Precision HealthUniversity of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli'NaplesItaly
| | - Iris Scala
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of PediatricsFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Michele Pinelli
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of PediatricsFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM)Federico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Emanuele Bellacchio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research DivisionBambino Gesù Children's HospitalRomeItaly
| | | | - Adriano Magli
- Department of Pediatric OphthalmologyUniversity of SalernoFiscianoItaly
| | - Carmen Plaitano
- Department of OphthalmologyA.O.U. San Giovanni Di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona‐Scuola Medica SalernitanaSalernoItaly
| | - Mercedes Serrano
- Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Genetic and Molecular MedicineHospital Sant Joan de DéuBarcelonaSpain,U‐703 Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER‐ER)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Leticia Pías
- Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Genetic and Molecular MedicineHospital Sant Joan de DéuBarcelonaSpain
| | - Jaume Català
- Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Genetic and Molecular MedicineHospital Sant Joan de DéuBarcelonaSpain
| | - Mercè Bolasell
- U‐703 Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER‐ER)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Annalaura Torella
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicineNaplesItaly,Department of Precision HealthUniversity of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli'NaplesItaly
| | - Vincenzo Nigro
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicineNaplesItaly,Department of Precision HealthUniversity of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli'NaplesItaly
| | - Ginevra Zanni
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of NeurosciencesBambino Gesù Children's HospitalRomeItaly
| | - Nicola Brunetti‐Pierri
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of PediatricsFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly,Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicineNaplesItaly
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14
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KIF5C deficiency causes abnormal cortical neuronal migration, dendritic branching, and spine morphology in mice. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:995-1002. [PMID: 34966180 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01922-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malformation of cortical development (MCD) includes a variety of developmental disorders that are common causes of neurodevelopmental delay and epilepsy. Most recently, clinical studies found that patients carrying KIF5C mutations present early-onset MCD; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. METHODS KIF5C expression level was examined in mouse primary cortical neurons and human ips-derived forebrain organoids. We studied the cortical neuronal migration, dendritic branching, and dendritic spine growth after knocking down the KIF5C gene by electroporation in vitro and in vivo. Then, we studied the transcriptome differences between the knockdown and control groups through RNA sequencing. RESULTS We observed high KIF5C expression in neurons during the early developmental stage in mice and the human brain. Kif5c deficiency results in disturbed cortical neuronal migration, dendritic, and spine growth. Finally, we found that Kif5c knockdown affected several genes associated with cortical neuronal development in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested a critical role for Kif5c in cortical development, providing insights into underlying pathogenic factors of kinesins in MCD. IMPACT KIF5C mutation-related MCD might be caused by abnormal early cortical neuronal development. Kif5c deficiency led to abnormal cortical neuronal dendritic and spine growth and neuronal migration. Our findings explain how Kif5c deficiency is involved in the aberrant development of cortical neurons and provide a new perspective for the pathology of MCD.
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15
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Primary Cilia Influence Progenitor Function during Cortical Development. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182895. [PMID: 36139475 PMCID: PMC9496791 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticogenesis is an intricate process controlled temporally and spatially by many intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Alterations during this important process can lead to severe cortical malformations. Apical neuronal progenitors are essential cells able to self-amplify and also generate basal progenitors and/or neurons. Apical radial glia (aRG) are neuronal progenitors with a unique morphology. They have a long basal process acting as a support for neuronal migration to the cortical plate and a short apical process directed towards the ventricle from which protrudes a primary cilium. This antenna-like structure allows aRG to sense cues from the embryonic cerebrospinal fluid (eCSF) helping to maintain cell shape and to influence several key functions of aRG such as proliferation and differentiation. Centrosomes, major microtubule organising centres, are crucial for cilia formation. In this review, we focus on how primary cilia influence aRG function during cortical development and pathologies which may arise due to defects in this structure. Reporting and cataloguing a number of ciliary mutant models, we discuss the importance of primary cilia for aRG function and cortical development.
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16
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Bonetti G, Paolacci S, Samaja M, Maltese PE, Michelini S, Michelini S, Michelini S, Ricci M, Cestari M, Dautaj A, Medori MC, Bertelli M. Low Efficacy of Genetic Tests for the Diagnosis of Primary Lymphedema Prompts Novel Insights into the Underlying Molecular Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137414. [PMID: 35806420 PMCID: PMC9267137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphedema is a chronic inflammatory disorder caused by ineffective fluid uptake by the lymphatic system, with effects mainly on the lower limbs. Lymphedema is either primary, when caused by genetic mutations, or secondary, when it follows injury, infection, or surgery. In this study, we aim to assess to what extent the current genetic tests detect genetic variants of lymphedema, and to identify the major molecular pathways that underlie this rather unknown disease. We recruited 147 individuals with a clinical diagnosis of primary lymphedema and used established genetic tests on their blood or saliva specimens. Only 11 of these were positive, while other probands were either negative (63) or inconclusive (73). The low efficacy of such tests calls for greater insight into the underlying mechanisms to increase accuracy. For this purpose, we built a molecular pathways diagram based on a literature analysis (OMIM, Kegg, PubMed, Scopus) of candidate and diagnostic genes. The PI3K/AKT and the RAS/MAPK pathways emerged as primary candidates responsible for lymphedema diagnosis, while the Rho/ROCK pathway appeared less critical. The results of this study suggest the most important pathways involved in the pathogenesis of lymphedema, and outline the most promising diagnostic and candidate genes to diagnose this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Bonetti
- MAGI’s LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (S.P.); (P.E.M.); (A.D.); (M.C.M.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0365-62-061
| | - Stefano Paolacci
- MAGI’s LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (S.P.); (P.E.M.); (A.D.); (M.C.M.); (M.B.)
| | | | | | - Sandro Michelini
- Vascular Diagnostics and Rehabilitation Service, Marino Hospital, ASL Roma 6, 00047 Marino, Italy;
| | - Serena Michelini
- Unit of Physical Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | | | - Maurizio Ricci
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Marina Cestari
- Study Centre Pianeta Linfedema, 05100 Terni, Italy;
- Lymphology Sector of the Rehabilitation Service, USLUmbria2, 05100 Terni, Italy
| | - Astrit Dautaj
- MAGI’s LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (S.P.); (P.E.M.); (A.D.); (M.C.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Maria Chiara Medori
- MAGI’s LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (S.P.); (P.E.M.); (A.D.); (M.C.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI’s LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (S.P.); (P.E.M.); (A.D.); (M.C.M.); (M.B.)
- MAGI Group, 25010 San Felice del Benaco, Italy;
- MAGI Euregio, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
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17
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Knapp B, Roedig J, Roedig H, Krzysko J, Horn N, Güler BE, Kusuluri DK, Yildirim A, Boldt K, Ueffing M, Liebscher I, Wolfrum U. Affinity Proteomics Identifies Interaction Partners and Defines Novel Insights into the Function of the Adhesion GPCR VLGR1/ADGRV1. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103108. [PMID: 35630584 PMCID: PMC9146371 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The very large G-protein-coupled receptor 1 (VLGR1/ADGRV1) is the largest member of the adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor (ADGR) family. Mutations in VLGR1/ADGRV1 cause human Usher syndrome (USH), a form of hereditary deaf-blindness, and have been additionally linked to epilepsy. In the absence of tangible knowledge of the molecular function and signaling of VLGR1, the pathomechanisms underlying the development of these diseases are still unknown. Our study aimed to identify novel, previously unknown protein networks associated with VLGR1 in order to describe new functional cellular modules of this receptor. Using affinity proteomics, we have identified numerous new potential binding partners and ligands of VLGR1. Tandem affinity purification hits were functionally grouped based on their Gene Ontology terms and associated with functional cellular modules indicative of functions of VLGR1 in transcriptional regulation, splicing, cell cycle regulation, ciliogenesis, cell adhesion, neuronal development, and retinal maintenance. In addition, we validated the identified protein interactions and pathways in vitro and in situ. Our data provided new insights into possible functions of VLGR1, related to the development of USH and epilepsy, and also suggest a possible role in the development of other neuronal diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Knapp
- Institute of Molecular Physiology (ImP), Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (J.R.); (H.R.); (J.K.); (B.E.G.); (D.K.K.); (A.Y.)
| | - Jens Roedig
- Institute of Molecular Physiology (ImP), Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (J.R.); (H.R.); (J.K.); (B.E.G.); (D.K.K.); (A.Y.)
| | - Heiko Roedig
- Institute of Molecular Physiology (ImP), Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (J.R.); (H.R.); (J.K.); (B.E.G.); (D.K.K.); (A.Y.)
| | - Jacek Krzysko
- Institute of Molecular Physiology (ImP), Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (J.R.); (H.R.); (J.K.); (B.E.G.); (D.K.K.); (A.Y.)
| | - Nicola Horn
- Core Facility for Medical Bioanalytics, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (N.H.); (K.B.); (M.U.)
| | - Baran E. Güler
- Institute of Molecular Physiology (ImP), Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (J.R.); (H.R.); (J.K.); (B.E.G.); (D.K.K.); (A.Y.)
| | - Deva Krupakar Kusuluri
- Institute of Molecular Physiology (ImP), Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (J.R.); (H.R.); (J.K.); (B.E.G.); (D.K.K.); (A.Y.)
| | - Adem Yildirim
- Institute of Molecular Physiology (ImP), Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (J.R.); (H.R.); (J.K.); (B.E.G.); (D.K.K.); (A.Y.)
| | - Karsten Boldt
- Core Facility for Medical Bioanalytics, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (N.H.); (K.B.); (M.U.)
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Core Facility for Medical Bioanalytics, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (N.H.); (K.B.); (M.U.)
| | - Ines Liebscher
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Uwe Wolfrum
- Institute of Molecular Physiology (ImP), Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (J.R.); (H.R.); (J.K.); (B.E.G.); (D.K.K.); (A.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Update on the Phenotypic and Genotypic Spectrum of KIF11-Related Retinopathy. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040713. [PMID: 35456519 PMCID: PMC9031442 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to report the frequency of KIF11-mutations in a large familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) population, extend the clinical spectrum of KIF11-associated retinopathy and compare KIF11-associated retinopathy to FEVR with mutations in other genes. Methods: Genetic data collected from 696 FEVR families were reviewed. The ocular phenotypes in patients with KIF11 mutations were analyzed and compared with those of FEVR patients with mutations in other genes (FZD4, TSPAN12, LRP5, NDP and JAG1). Results: In a cohort of 696 FEVR families, disease-causing KIF11 mutations were identified in 3.6% of families (25/696). Among 25 KIF11 mutations, 80% (20/25) carried variants of loss of function and 48% (12/25) of variants were de novo. The phenotypes were variable. Compared with FEVR with disease-causing mutations in other genes, chorioretinal dysplasia was observed in 44.2% (31/70) of eyes with KIF11-associated retinopathy and in only 1.3% (1/70) of eyes with FEVR with mutations in other genes (p < 0.01). Increase and straightening of peripheral vessels (ISPV) was observed in 17.1% (12/70) of eyes with KIF11-associated retinopathy, and in 50% (39/78) of eyes with FEVR with mutations in other genes (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The frequency of the KIF11 mutation in FEVR was 3.6% in our database. The manifestation of KIF11-associated retinopathy was variable and different from the phenotype in FEVR caused by other genes. Chorioretinal dysplasia, instead of retinal folds, was the dominant phenotype in KIF11-associated retinopathy. ISPV was rare in KIF11-associated retinopathy. Moreover, our study revealed that most pathogenic KIF11 mutations were de novo.
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19
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Abstract
In this review, Phan et al. discuss the different models that have been proposed to explain how centrosome dysfunction impairs cortical development, and review the evidence supporting a unified model in which centrosome defects reduce cell proliferation in the developing cortex by prolonging mitosis and activating a mitotic surveillance pathway. Last, they also extend their discussion to centrosome-independent microcephaly mutations, such as those involved in DNA replication and repair Primary microcephaly is a brain growth disorder characterized by a severe reduction of brain size and thinning of the cerebral cortex. Many primary microcephaly mutations occur in genes that encode centrosome proteins, highlighting an important role for centrosomes in cortical development. Centrosomes are microtubule organizing centers that participate in several processes, including controlling polarity, catalyzing spindle assembly in mitosis, and building primary cilia. Understanding which of these processes are altered and how these disruptions contribute to microcephaly pathogenesis is a central unresolved question. In this review, we revisit the different models that have been proposed to explain how centrosome dysfunction impairs cortical development. We review the evidence supporting a unified model in which centrosome defects reduce cell proliferation in the developing cortex by prolonging mitosis and activating a mitotic surveillance pathway. Finally, we also extend our discussion to centrosome-independent microcephaly mutations, such as those involved in DNA replication and repair.
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20
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Brouillard P, Witte MH, Erickson RP, Damstra RJ, Becker C, Quéré I, Vikkula M. Primary lymphoedema. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2021; 7:77. [PMID: 34675250 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-021-00309-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoedema is the swelling of one or several parts of the body owing to lymph accumulation in the extracellular space. It is often chronic, worsens if untreated, predisposes to infections and causes an important reduction in quality of life. Primary lymphoedema (PLE) is thought to result from abnormal development and/or functioning of the lymphatic system, can present in isolation or as part of a syndrome, and can be present at birth or develop later in life. Mutations in numerous genes involved in the initial formation of lymphatic vessels (including valves) as well as in the growth and expansion of the lymphatic system and associated pathways have been identified in syndromic and non-syndromic forms of PLE. Thus, the current hypothesis is that most cases of PLE have a genetic origin, although a causative mutation is identified in only about one-third of affected individuals. Diagnosis relies on clinical presentation, imaging of the structure and functionality of the lymphatics, and in genetic analyses. Management aims at reducing or preventing swelling by compression therapy (with manual drainage, exercise and compressive garments) and, in carefully selected cases, by various surgical techniques. Individuals with PLE often have a reduced quality of life owing to the psychosocial and lifelong management burden associated with their chronic condition. Improved understanding of the underlying genetic origins of PLE will translate into more accurate diagnosis and prognosis and personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Brouillard
- Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marlys H Witte
- Department of Surgery, Neurosurgery, and Pediatrics, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Robert P Erickson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Robert J Damstra
- VASCERN PPL European Reference Centre; Department of Dermatology, Phlebology and Lymphology, Nij Smellinghe Hospital, Drachten, Netherlands
| | | | - Isabelle Quéré
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Centre de référence des Maladies Lymphatiques et Vasculaires Rares, Inserm IDESP, CHU Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Miikka Vikkula
- Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium. .,VASCERN VASCA European Reference Centre; Center for Vascular Anomalies, Division of Plastic Surgery, University Clinics Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium. .,Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), de Duve Institute, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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21
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Martin-Almedina S, Mortimer PS, Ostergaard P. Development and physiological functions of the lymphatic system: insights from human genetic studies of primary lymphedema. Physiol Rev 2021; 101:1809-1871. [PMID: 33507128 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00006.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary lymphedema is a long-term (chronic) condition characterized by tissue lymph retention and swelling that can affect any part of the body, although it usually develops in the arms or legs. Due to the relevant contribution of the lymphatic system to human physiology, while this review mainly focuses on the clinical and physiological aspects related to the regulation of fluid homeostasis and edema, clinicians need to know that the impact of lymphatic dysfunction with a genetic origin can be wide ranging. Lymphatic dysfunction can affect immune function so leading to infection; it can influence cancer development and spread, and it can determine fat transport so impacting on nutrition and obesity. Genetic studies and the development of imaging techniques for the assessment of lymphatic function have enabled the recognition of primary lymphedema as a heterogenic condition in terms of genetic causes and disease mechanisms. In this review, the known biological functions of several genes crucial to the development and function of the lymphatic system are used as a basis for understanding normal lymphatic biology. The disease conditions originating from mutations in these genes are discussed together with a detailed clinical description of the phenotype and the up-to-date knowledge in terms of disease mechanisms acquired from in vitro and in vivo research models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Martin-Almedina
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter S Mortimer
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Dermatology and Lymphovascular Medicine, St. George's Universities NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pia Ostergaard
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Zhu X, Yang M, Zhao P, Li S, Zhang L, Huang L, Huang Y, Fei P, Yang Y, Zhang S, Xu H, Yuan Y, Zhang X, Zhu X, Ma S, Hao F, Sundaresan P, Zhu W, Yang Z. Catenin α 1 mutations cause familial exudative vitreoretinopathy by overactivating Norrin/β-catenin signaling. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:139869. [PMID: 33497368 DOI: 10.1172/jci139869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a severe retinal vascular disease that causes blindness. FEVR has been linked to mutations in several genes associated with inactivation of the Norrin/β-catenin signaling pathway, but these account for only approximately 50% of cases. We report that mutations in α-catenin (CTNNA1) cause FEVR by overactivating the β-catenin pathway and disrupting cell adherens junctions. We identified 3 heterozygous mutations in CTNNA1 (p.F72S, p.R376Cfs*27, and p.P893L) by exome sequencing and further demonstrated that FEVR-associated mutations led to overactivation of Norrin/β-catenin signaling as a result of impaired protein interactions within the cadherin-catenin complex. The clinical features of FEVR were reproduced in mice lacking Ctnna1 in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) or with overactivated β-catenin signaling by an EC-specific gain-of-function allele of Ctnnb1. In isolated mouse lung ECs, both CTNNA1-P893L and F72S mutants failed to rescue either the disrupted F-actin arrangement or the VE-cadherin and CTNNB1 distribution. Moreover, we discovered that compound heterozygous Ctnna1 F72S and a deletion allele could cause a similar phenotype. Furthermore, in a FEVR family, we identified a mutation of LRP5, which activates Norrin/β-catenin signaling, and the corresponding knockin mice exhibited a partial FEVR-like phenotype. Our study demonstrates that the precise regulation of β-catenin activation is critical for retinal vascular development and provides new insights into the pathogenesis of FEVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Zhu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Mu Yang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peiquan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shujin Li
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lulin Huang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Fei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yeming Yang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huijuan Xu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiong Zhu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shi Ma
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Hao
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Periasamy Sundaresan
- Department of Genetics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Weiquan Zhu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Zhenglin Yang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
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Wang K, Zhang X, Tian T, Zhao P. Identification of a novel mutation in KIF11 with functional analysis in a cohort of 516 familial patients with exudative vitreoretinopathy. Mol Vis 2021; 27:528-541. [PMID: 34526760 PMCID: PMC8410233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To identify a novel mutation in KIF11 with clinical and functional analysis among 516 familial patients with exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR). Methods Next-generation sequencing was performed on 516 patients with FEVR between January 2015 and October 2017. Clinical data were collected from patient charts, including sex, age at presentation, visual acuity if available, axial length, stage, and systemic clinical findings. Protein and mRNA levels were detected with western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR, respectively. Mass spectrometry was used to analyze the interacting protein of KIF11. Results In total, 304 of 516 patients were identified with at least one mutation in FEVR causative genes. Mutations in KIF11 were identified in 14.47% of all carriers. The novel mutation p. H718L accounted for the greatest proportion (12/44; 27.30%) among all mutations in KIF11. Fundus presentations in these 12 individuals varied from the avascular zone of the peripheral retina to total retinal detachment. The p. H718L mutation can reduce the proliferation of human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) compared to the wild type. The mRNA level of vascular endothelial growth factor-α, transforming growth factor-α, metalloproteinase-1, and angiopoietin-like 4 were depressed in the KIF11 (p. H718L) groups under hypoxia stimuli. Mass spectrometry results demonstrated that eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (EEF2) was an interacting protein of KIF11 and that the p. H718L mutation can attenuate the binding activity. Conclusions Patients with the most frequent KIF11 mutation p. H718L showed typical FEVR presentations in this cohort. The mutation in KIF11 likely plays a role in the proliferation of HRECs, and the p. H718L mutation can reduce the proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezhou Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Medicine School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Medicine School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Medicine School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiquan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Medicine School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, China
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24
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Guo Z, Huo X, Wu D, Hao B, Liao S. A novel variant of the KIF11 gene, c.2922G>T, is associated with Microcephaly by affecting RNA splicing. Dev Neurosci 2021; 44:113-120. [PMID: 34965526 DOI: 10.1159/000518923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglong Guo
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- People's Hospital of Henan University, School of Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Huo
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- People's Hospital of Henan University, School of Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- People's Hospital of Henan University, School of Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingtao Hao
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- People's Hospital of Henan University, School of Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shixiu Liao
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- People's Hospital of Henan University, School of Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
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25
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Ran J, Li H, Zhang Y, Yu F, Yang Y, Nie C, Yang S, Li D, Zhou J, Liu M. A non-mitotic role for Eg5 in regulating cilium formation and sonic hedgehog signaling. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:1620-1623. [PMID: 36654295 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ran
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Haixia Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Fan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yunfan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chao Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Song Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dengwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Min Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
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26
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Wang Y, Smallwood PM, Williams J, Nathans J. A mouse model for kinesin family member 11 (Kif11)-associated familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:1121-1131. [PMID: 31993640 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During mitosis, Kif11, a kinesin motor protein, promotes bipolar spindle formation and chromosome movement, and during interphase, Kif11 mediates diverse trafficking processes in the cytoplasm. In humans, inactivating mutations in KIF11 are associated with (1) retinal hypovascularization with or without microcephaly and (2) multi-organ syndromes characterized by variable combinations of lymphedema, chorioretinal dysplasia, microcephaly and/or mental retardation. To explore the pathogenic basis of KIF11-associated retinal vascular disease, we generated a Kif11 conditional knockout (CKO) mouse and investigated the consequences of early postnatal inactivation of Kif11 in vascular endothelial cells (ECs). The principal finding is that postnatal EC-specific loss of Kif11 leads to severely stunted growth of the retinal vasculature, mildly stunted growth of the cerebellar vasculature and little or no effect on the vasculature elsewhere in the central nervous system (CNS). Thus, in mice, Kif11 function in early postnatal CNS ECs is most significant in the two CNS regions-the retina and cerebellum-that exhibit the most rapid rate of postnatal growth, which may sensitize ECs to impaired mitotic spindle function. Several lines of evidence indicate that these phenotypes are not caused by reduced beta-catenin signaling in ECs, despite the close resemblance of the Kif11 CKO phenotype to that caused by EC-specific reductions in beta-catenin signaling. Based on prior work, defective beta-catenin signaling had been the only known mechanism responsible for monogenic human disorders of retinal hypovascularization. The present study implies that retinal hypovascularization can arise from a second and mechanistically distinct cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshu Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Philip M Smallwood
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - John Williams
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jeremy Nathans
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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27
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Kondo H, Matsushita I, Nagata T, Fujihara E, Hosono K, Uchio E, Hotta Y, Kusaka S. Retinal Features of Family Members With Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy Caused By Mutations in KIF11 Gene. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:18. [PMID: 34128965 PMCID: PMC8212440 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.7.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the clinical characteristics of patients and family members with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) caused by mutations in the KIF11 gene. Methods Twenty-one patients from 10 FEVR families with mutations in the KIF11 gene were studied. The retinal and systemic features were examined. The genetic analyses performed included Sanger sequencing of the KIF11 gene, whole exome sequencing, as well as array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis and multiple ligation probe assay (MLPA). Results Sequence analysis revealed seven different KIF11 mutations. Array CGH with MLPA revealed two different exon deletions. All probands had advanced FEVR with retinal detachments (RDs) and microcephaly with or without developmental disabilities. Patients with bilateral RDs were more frequently associated with developmental disabilities (P = 0.023). Multimodal imaging of the family members revealed that six of nine patients without RDs (66%) had varying degrees of chorioretinopathy. The retinal folds in FEVR patients were associated with severe retinal avascularization. However, funduscopic changes in the peripheral retina were unremarkable in family members without RDs. A score representing the peripheral vascular anomalies determined from the fluorescein angiograms was lower than that of control eyes of patients with mutations of the Wnt signaling genes (P = 0.0029). Conclusions The probands with KIF11 mutations were associated with severe ocular and systemic pathologies, whereas affected family members showed highly variable clinical manifestations. Peripheral vascular anomalies can often be unremarkable in eyes without RDs. Translational Relevance These findings highlight more diverse mechanisms that underlie the pathological changes in patients with FEVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kondo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Itsuka Matsushita
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Nagata
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Etsuko Fujihara
- Division of Ophthalmology, Matsue Red Cross Hospital, Matsue, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hosono
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Eiichi Uchio
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hotta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shunji Kusaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
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28
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Chen C, Yang M, Huang L, Zhao R, Sundaresan P, Zhu X, Li S, Yang Z. Whole-Exome Sequencing Reveals Novel TSPAN12 Variants in Autosomal Dominant Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2021; 25:399-404. [PMID: 34077673 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2021.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR), a group of rare inherited retinal vascular disorders, is the major cause of vision loss in juveniles. At present, the diagnosis of FEVR remains difficult due to its clinical and genetic heterogeneities. Aims: To identify the causative genetic variants in two unrelated FEVR-affected families: one Indian family and one Chinese Han family. Materials and Methods: Five affected patients from two families were recruited for this study. Whole-exome sequencing was applied to the probands, and Sanger sequencing was performed for validation. Stringent whole-exome sequence data analyses were performed to evaluate all of the identified pathogenic variants. Results: Two novel variants in the TSPAN12 gene, were identified: a missense variant c.437 T > G (p.Leu146Arg); and a nonsense variant c.477 C > A (p.Cys159*). Both variants cosegregated with the disease in the investigated FEVR-affected families. Additionally, both variants inactivated the ability of TSPAN12 protein to enhance Norrin/β-catenin signaling. Conclusion: This study expands the mutational spectrum of TSPAN12 for FEVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mu Yang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Lulin Huang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Rulian Zhao
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Periasamy Sundaresan
- Department of Genetics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, India
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Shujin Li
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenglin Yang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
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29
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Shurygina MF, Simonett JM, Parker MA, Mitchell A, Grigorian F, Lifton J, Nagiel A, Shpak AA, Dadali EL, Mishina IA, Weleber RG, Yang P, Pennesi ME. Genotype Phenotype Correlation and Variability in Microcephaly Associated With Chorioretinopathy or Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:2. [PMID: 33137195 PMCID: PMC7645200 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.13.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyze the natural history and phenotypic overlap of patients with microcephaly and a chorioretinopathy or familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) ocular phenotype caused by mutations in KIF11, TUBGCP4, or TUBGCP6. Methods Patients diagnosed with congenital microcephaly and chorioretinopathy or FEVR were included. Molecular investigations consisted of targeted genetic sequencing. Data from medical records, ophthalmologic examination and imaging, electroretinography, and visual fields were analyzed for systemic and ophthalmic features and evidence of posterior segment disease progression. Results Twelve patients from 9 families were included and had a median of 8 years of follow-up. Nine patients had KIF11 variants, two had heterozygous TUBGCP6 variants, and one had heterozygous variants in TUBGCP4. All patients had reduced visual function and multiple individuals and families showed features of both chorioretinopathy and FEVR. Progression of posterior segment disease was highly variable, with some degree of increased atrophy of the macula or peripheral retina or increased vitreoretinal traction observed in 9 of 12 patients. Conclusions Microcephaly due to mutations in KIF11, TUBGCP4, or TUBGCP6 can be associated with retinal disease on a spectrum from chorioretinal atrophy to FEVR-like posterior segment changes. Visually significant disease progression can occur and patients should be monitored closely by a team experienced in ophthalmic genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F Shurygina
- S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russia
| | - Joseph M Simonett
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Maria A Parker
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Amanda Mitchell
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Florin Grigorian
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
| | - Jacob Lifton
- Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Aaron Nagiel
- Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States.,The Vision Center, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States.,The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Alexander A Shpak
- S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena L Dadali
- The Vision Center, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Irina A Mishina
- The Vision Center, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Richard G Weleber
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Paul Yang
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Mark E Pennesi
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
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30
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PAOLACCI S, MATTASSI RE, CAVALCA D, MICHELINI S, ZULIAN A, CRISTOFOLI F, MANARA E, MARCEDDU G, BERTELLI M. Genetic testing in vascular and lymphatic malformations. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF VASCULAR AND ENDOVASCULAR SURGERY 2021. [DOI: 10.23736/s1824-4777.21.01487-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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31
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Liu L, Downs M, Guidry J, Wojcik EJ. Inter-organelle interactions between the ER and mitotic spindle facilitates Zika protease cleavage of human Kinesin-5 and results in mitotic defects. iScience 2021; 24:102385. [PMID: 33997675 PMCID: PMC8100630 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we identify human Kinesin-5, Kif11/HsEg5, as a cellular target of Zika protease. We show that Zika NS2B-NS3 protease targets several sites within the motor domain of HsEg5 irrespective of motor binding to microtubules. The native integral ER-membrane protease triggers mitotic spindle positioning defects and a prolonged metaphase delay in cultured cells. Our data support a model whereby loss of function of HsEg5 is mediated by Zika protease and is spatially restricted to the ER-mitotic spindle interface during mitosis. The resulting phenotype is distinct from the monopolar phenotype that typically results from uniform inhibition of HsEg5 by RNAi or drugs. In addition, our data reveal novel inter-organelle interactions between the mitotic apparatus and the surrounding reticulate ER network. Given that Kif11 is haplo-insufficient in humans, and reduced dosage results in microcephaly, we propose that Zika protease targeting of HsEg5 may be a key event in the etiology of Zika syndrome microcephaly. Zika protease cleavage of Kinesin-5 impairs mitotic progression Inter-organelle interactions spatially control Zika proteolysis of Kinesin-5 Native Zika protease affects mitosis differently than soluble Zika protease Zika protease may elicit fetal microcephaly and blindness via Kif11/Kinesin-5
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU School of Medicine & Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Micquel Downs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU School of Medicine & Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jesse Guidry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU School of Medicine & Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- The Proteomics Core Facility, LSU School of Medicine & Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Edward J Wojcik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU School of Medicine & Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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32
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Paulson D, Harms R, Ward C, Latterell M, Pazour GJ, Fink DM. Loss of Primary Cilia Protein IFT20 Dysregulates Lymphatic Vessel Patterning in Development and Inflammation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:672625. [PMID: 34055805 PMCID: PMC8160126 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.672625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microenvironmental signals produced during development or inflammation stimulate lymphatic endothelial cells to undergo lymphangiogenesis, in which they sprout, proliferate, and migrate to expand the vascular network. Many cell types detect changes in extracellular conditions via primary cilia, microtubule-based cellular protrusions that house specialized membrane receptors and signaling complexes. Primary cilia are critical for receipt of extracellular cues from both ligand-receptor pathways and physical forces such as fluid shear stress. Here, we report the presence of primary cilia on immortalized mouse and primary adult human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells in vitro and on both luminal and abluminal domains of mouse corneal, skin, and mesenteric lymphatic vessels in vivo. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of disrupting primary cilia on lymphatic vessel patterning during development and inflammation. Intraflagellar transport protein 20 (IFT20) is part of the transport machinery required for ciliary assembly and function. To disrupt primary ciliary signaling, we generated global and lymphatic endothelium-specific IFT20 knockout mouse models and used immunofluorescence microscopy to quantify changes in lymphatic vessel patterning at E16.5 and in adult suture-mediated corneal lymphangiogenesis. Loss of IFT20 during development resulted in edema, increased and more variable lymphatic vessel caliber and branching, as well as red blood cell-filled lymphatics. We used a corneal suture model to determine ciliation status of lymphatic vessels during acute, recurrent, and tumor-associated inflammatory reactions and wound healing. Primary cilia were present on corneal lymphatics during all of the mechanistically distinct lymphatic patterning events of the model and assembled on lymphatic endothelial cells residing at the limbus, stalk, and vessel tip. Lymphatic-specific deletion of IFT20 cell-autonomously exacerbated acute corneal lymphangiogenesis resulting in increased lymphatic vessel density and branching. These data are the first functional studies of primary cilia on lymphatic endothelial cells and reveal a new dimension in regulation of lymphatic vascular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delayna Paulson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
- BioSNTR, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Rebecca Harms
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
- BioSNTR, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Cody Ward
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
- BioSNTR, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Mackenzie Latterell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
- BioSNTR, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Gregory J. Pazour
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Darci M. Fink
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
- BioSNTR, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
- *Correspondence: Darci M. Fink,
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33
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Garcia-Saez I, Skoufias DA. Eg5 targeting agents: From new anti-mitotic based inhibitor discovery to cancer therapy and resistance. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 184:114364. [PMID: 33310050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Eg5, the product of Kif11 gene, also known as kinesin spindle protein, is a motor protein involved in the proper establishment of a bipolar mitotic spindle. Eg5 is one of the 45 different kinesins coded in the human genome of the kinesin motor protein superfamily. Over the last three decades Eg5 has attracted great interest as a promising new mitotic target. The identification of monastrol as specific inhibitor of the ATPase activity of the motor domain of Eg5 inhibiting the Eg5 microtubule motility in vitro and in cellulo sparked an intense interest in academia and industry to pursue the identification of novel small molecules that target Eg5 in order to be used in cancer chemotherapy based on the anti-mitotic strategy. Several Eg5 inhibitors entered clinical trials. Currently the field is faced with the problem that most of the inhibitors tested exhibited only limited efficacy. However, one Eg5 inhibitor, Arry-520 (clinical name filanesib), has demonstrated clinical efficacy in patients with multiple myeloma and is scheduled to enter phase III clinical trials. At the same time, new trends in Eg5 inhibitor research are emerging, including an increased interest in novel inhibitor binding sites and a focus on drug synergy with established antitumor agents to improve chemotherapeutic efficacy. This review presents an updated view of the structure and function of Eg5-inhibitor complexes, traces the possible development of resistance to Eg5 inhibitors and their potential therapeutic applications, and surveys the current challenges and future directions of this active field in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Garcia-Saez
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Dimitrios A Skoufias
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France.
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34
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Liu Y, Moore AT. Congenital focal abnormalities of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium. Eye (Lond) 2020; 34:1973-1988. [PMID: 32367006 PMCID: PMC7784997 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-020-0902-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews the published literature on a group of developmental disorders of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium which result in focal abnormalities in one or both eyes. They are often asymptomatic, found on routine examination and are generally non-progressive. Some are associated with other systemic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingna Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anthony T Moore
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.
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35
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Abstract
Vascular anomalies are developmental defects of the vasculature and encompass a variety of disorders. The identification of genes mutated in the different malformations provides insight into the etiopathogenic mechanisms and the specific roles the associated proteins play in vascular development and maintenance. A few familial forms of vascular anomalies exist, but most cases occur sporadically. It is becoming evident that somatic mosaicism plays a major role in the formation of vascular lesions. The use of Next Generating Sequencing for high throughput and "deep" screening of both blood and lesional DNA and RNA has been instrumental in detecting such low frequency somatic changes. The number of novel causative mutations identified for many vascular anomalies has soared within a 10-year period. The discovery of such genes aided in unraveling a holistic overview of the pathogenic mechanisms, by which in vitro and in vivo models could be generated, and opening the doors to development of more effective treatments that do not address just symptoms. Moreover, as many mutations and the implicated signaling pathways are shared with cancers, current oncological therapies could potentially be repurposed for the treatment of vascular anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Long Nguyen
- Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence M Boon
- Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Center for Vascular Anomalies, Division of Plastic Surgery, VASCERN VASCA European Reference Centre, Saint Luc University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Miikka Vikkula
- Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Center for Vascular Anomalies, Division of Plastic Surgery, VASCERN VASCA European Reference Centre, Saint Luc University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium; WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology), de Duve Institute, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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36
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Yang XR, Benson MD, MacDonald IM, Innes AM. A diagnostic approach to syndromic retinal dystrophies with intellectual disability. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 184:538-570. [PMID: 32918368 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies are a group of monogenic disorders that, as a whole, contribute significantly to the burden of ocular disease in both pediatric and adult patients. In their syndromic forms, retinal dystrophies can be observed in association with intellectual disability, frequently alongside other systemic manifestations. There are now over 80 genes implicated in syndromic retinal dystrophies with intellectual disability. Identifying and accurately characterizing these disorders allows the clinician to narrow the differential diagnosis, evaluate for relevant associated features, arrive at a timely and accurate diagnosis, and address both sight-threatening ocular manifestations and morbidity-causing systemic manifestations. The co-occurrence of retinal dystrophy and intellectual disability in an individual can be challenging to investigate, diagnose, and counsel given the considerable phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity that exists within this broad group of disorders. We performed a review of the current literature and propose an algorithm to facilitate the evaluation, and clinical and mechanistic classification, of these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ru Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew D Benson
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ian M MacDonald
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - A Micheil Innes
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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37
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Zalenski AA, Majumder S, De K, Venere M. An interphase pool of KIF11 localizes at the basal bodies of primary cilia and a reduction in KIF11 expression alters cilia dynamics. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13946. [PMID: 32811879 PMCID: PMC7434902 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70787-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
KIF11 is a homotetrameric kinesin that peaks in protein expression during mitosis. It is a known mitotic regulator, and it is well-described that KIF11 is necessary for the formation and maintenance of the bipolar spindle. However, there has been a growing appreciation for non-mitotic roles for KIF11. KIF11 has been shown to function in such processes as axon growth and microtubule polymerization. We previously demonstrated that there is an interphase pool of KIF11 present in glioblastoma cancer stem cells that drives tumor cell invasion. Here, we identified a previously unknown association between KIF11 and primary cilia. We confirmed that KIF11 localized to the basal bodies of primary cilia in multiple cell types, including neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells. Further, we determined that KIF11 has a role in regulating cilia dynamics. Upon the reduction of KIF11 expression, the number of ciliated cells in asynchronously growing populations was significantly increased. We rescued this effect by the addition of exogenous KIF11. Lastly, we found that depleting KIF11 resulted in an increase in cilium length and an attenuation in the kinetics of cilia disassembly. These findings establish a previously unknown link between KIF11 and the dynamics of primary cilia and further support non-mitotic functions for this kinesin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail A Zalenski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner School of Medicine, 440 Tzagournis Medical Research Facility, 420 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Shubhra Majumder
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner School of Medicine, 440 Tzagournis Medical Research Facility, 420 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Life Sciences and the School of Biotechnology, Presidency University, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Kuntal De
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner School of Medicine, 440 Tzagournis Medical Research Facility, 420 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Bioscience Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Monica Venere
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner School of Medicine, 440 Tzagournis Medical Research Facility, 420 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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38
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Oliver G, Kipnis J, Randolph GJ, Harvey NL. The Lymphatic Vasculature in the 21 st Century: Novel Functional Roles in Homeostasis and Disease. Cell 2020; 182:270-296. [PMID: 32707093 PMCID: PMC7392116 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mammals have two specialized vascular circulatory systems: the blood vasculature and the lymphatic vasculature. The lymphatic vasculature is a unidirectional conduit that returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays major roles in immune cell trafficking and lipid absorption. As we discuss in this review, the molecular characterization of lymphatic vascular development and our understanding of this vasculature's role in pathophysiological conditions has greatly improved in recent years, changing conventional views about the roles of the lymphatic vasculature in health and disease. Morphological or functional defects in the lymphatic vasculature have now been uncovered in several pathological conditions. We propose that subtle asymptomatic alterations in lymphatic vascular function could underlie the variability seen in the body's response to a wide range of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Oliver
- Center for Vascular and Developmental Biology, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Jonathan Kipnis
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Gwendalyn J Randolph
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Natasha L Harvey
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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39
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Kalantari S, Filges I. 'Kinesinopathies': emerging role of the kinesin family member genes in birth defects. J Med Genet 2020; 57:797-807. [PMID: 32430361 PMCID: PMC7691813 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Motor kinesins are a family of evolutionary conserved proteins involved in intracellular trafficking of various cargoes, first described in the context of axonal transport. They were discovered to have a key importance in cell-cycle dynamics and progression, including chromosomal condensation and alignment, spindle formation and cytokinesis, as well as ciliogenesis and cilia function. Recent evidence suggests that impairment of kinesins is associated with a variety of human diseases consistent with their functions and evolutionary conservation. Through the advent of gene identification using genome-wide sequencing approaches, their role in monogenic disorders now emerges, particularly for birth defects, in isolated as well as multiple congenital anomalies. We can observe recurrent phenotypical themes such as microcephaly, certain brain anomalies, and anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract, as well as syndromic phenotypes reminiscent of ciliopathies. Together with the molecular and functional data, we suggest understanding these ‘kinesinopathies’ as a recognisable entity with potential value for research approaches and clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Kalantari
- Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Filges
- Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland .,Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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40
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Mutations in the KIF21B kinesin gene cause neurodevelopmental disorders through imbalanced canonical motor activity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2441. [PMID: 32415109 PMCID: PMC7229210 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16294-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
KIF21B is a kinesin protein that promotes intracellular transport and controls microtubule dynamics. We report three missense variants and one duplication in KIF21B in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders associated with brain malformations, including corpus callosum agenesis (ACC) and microcephaly. We demonstrate, in vivo, that the expression of KIF21B missense variants specifically recapitulates patients’ neurodevelopmental abnormalities, including microcephaly and reduced intra- and inter-hemispheric connectivity. We establish that missense KIF21B variants impede neuronal migration through attenuation of kinesin autoinhibition leading to aberrant KIF21B motility activity. We also show that the ACC-related KIF21B variant independently perturbs axonal growth and ipsilateral axon branching through two distinct mechanisms, both leading to deregulation of canonical kinesin motor activity. The duplication introduces a premature termination codon leading to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Although we demonstrate that Kif21b haploinsufficiency leads to an impaired neuronal positioning, the duplication variant might not be pathogenic. Altogether, our data indicate that impaired KIF21B autoregulation and function play a critical role in the pathogenicity of human neurodevelopmental disorder. Kinesins regulate intracellular transport and microtubule dynamics. Here, the authors show that KIF21B variants in humans associate with corpus callosum agenesis and microcephaly. Using mice and zebrafish, they showed the cellular mechanisms altered by the missense KIF21B variants.
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41
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Gabriel E, Ramani A, Altinisik N, Gopalakrishnan J. Human Brain Organoids to Decode Mechanisms of Microcephaly. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:115. [PMID: 32457578 PMCID: PMC7225330 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain organoids are stem cell-based self-assembling 3D structures that recapitulate early events of human brain development. Recent improvements with patient-specific 3D brain organoids have begun to elucidate unprecedented details of the defective mechanisms that cause neurodevelopmental disorders of congenital and acquired microcephaly. In particular, brain organoids derived from primary microcephaly patients have uncovered mechanisms that deregulate neural stem cell proliferation, maintenance, and differentiation. Not only did brain organoids reveal unknown aspects of neurogenesis but also have illuminated surprising roles of cellular structures of centrosomes and primary cilia in regulating neurogenesis during brain development. Here, we discuss how brain organoids have started contributing to decoding the complexities of microcephaly, which are unlikely to be identified in the existing non-human models. Finally, we discuss the yet unresolved questions and challenges that can be addressed with the use of brain organoids as in vitro models of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Gabriel
- Laboratory for Centrosome and Cytoskeleton Biology, Institute für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anand Ramani
- Laboratory for Centrosome and Cytoskeleton Biology, Institute für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nazlican Altinisik
- Laboratory for Centrosome and Cytoskeleton Biology, Institute für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jay Gopalakrishnan
- Laboratory for Centrosome and Cytoskeleton Biology, Institute für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
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42
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Chen JL, Chang CH, Tsai JW. Gli2 Rescues Delays in Brain Development Induced by Kif3a Dysfunction. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:751-764. [PMID: 29342244 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium in neural stem cells plays distinct roles in different stages during cortical development. Ciliary dysfunctions in human (i.e., ciliopathy) cause developmental defects in multiple organs, including brain developmental delays, which lead to intellectual disabilities and cognitive deficits. However, effective treatment to this devastating developmental disorder is still lacking. Here, we first investigated the effects of ciliopathy on neural stem cells by knocking down Kif3a, a kinesin II motor required for ciliogenesis, in the neurogenic stage of cortical development by in utero electroporation of mouse embryos. Brains electroporated with Kif3a shRNA showed defects in neuronal migration and differentiation, delays in neural stem cell cycle progression, and failures in interkinetic nuclear migration. Interestingly, introduction of Gli1 and Gli2 both can restore the cell cycle progression by elevating cyclin D1 in neural stem cells. Remarkably, enforced Gli2 expression, but not Gli1, partially restored the ability of Kif3a-knockdown neurons to differentiate and move from the germinal ventricular zone to the cortical plate. Moreover, Cyclin D1 knockdown abolished Gli2's rescue effect. These findings suggest Gli2 may rescue neural stem cell proliferation, differentiation and migration through Cyclin D1 pathway and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for human ciliopathy syndromes through modulating the progression of neural stem cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Long Chen
- Institute of Brain Science, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsiang Chang
- Institute of Brain Science, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP) in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Wu Tsai
- Institute of Brain Science, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center (BRC), Biophotonics and Molecular Imaging Research Center (BMIRC), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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43
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Nasser H, Vera L, Elmaleh-Bergès M, Steindl K, Letard P, Teissier N, Ernault A, Guimiot F, Afenjar A, Moutard ML, Héron D, Alembik Y, Momtchilova M, Milani P, Kubis N, Pouvreau N, Zollino M, Guilmin Crepon S, Kaguelidou F, Gressens P, Verloes A, Rauch A, El Ghouzzi V, Drunat S, Passemard S. CDK5RAP2 primary microcephaly is associated with hypothalamic, retinal and cochlear developmental defects. J Med Genet 2020; 57:389-399. [PMID: 32015000 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary hereditary microcephaly (MCPH) comprises a large group of autosomal recessive disorders mainly affecting cortical development and resulting in a congenital impairment of brain growth. Despite the identification of >25 causal genes so far, it remains a challenge to distinguish between different MCPH forms at the clinical level. METHODS 7 patients with newly identified mutations in CDK5RAP2 (MCPH3) were investigated by performing prospective, extensive and systematic clinical, MRI, psychomotor, neurosensory and cognitive examinations under similar conditions. RESULTS All patients displayed neurosensory defects in addition to microcephaly. Small cochlea with incomplete partition type II was found in all cases and was associated with progressive deafness in 4 of them. Furthermore, the CDK5RAP2 protein was specifically identified in the developing cochlea from human fetal tissues. Microphthalmia was also present in all patients along with retinal pigmentation changes and lipofuscin deposits. Finally, hypothalamic anomalies consisting of interhypothalamic adhesions, a congenital midline defect usually associated with holoprosencephaly, was detected in 5 cases. CONCLUSION This is the first report indicating that CDK5RAP2 not only governs brain size but also plays a role in ocular and cochlear development and is necessary for hypothalamic nuclear separation at the midline. Our data indicate that CDK5RAP2 should be considered as a potential gene associated with deafness and forme fruste of holoprosencephaly. These children should be given neurosensory follow-up to prevent additional comorbidities and allow them reaching their full educational potential. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01565005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Nasser
- Département de Génétique, APHP, Hopital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France.,Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles, APHP, Hopital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Liza Vera
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, APHP, Hopital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France
| | | | - Katharina Steindl
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pascaline Letard
- Département de Génétique, APHP, Hopital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France.,Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,Service d'Anatomopathologie, Hopital Jean Verdier, APHP, Bondy, France.,Université Paris 13, 93140 Bondy, France
| | - Natacha Teissier
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,Service d'ORL, APHP, Hopital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Anais Ernault
- Département de Génétique, APHP, Hopital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Fabien Guimiot
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,Service de Foetopathologie, APHP, Hopital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Afenjar
- CRMR déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares, Département de génétique, Sorbonne Université, APHP, Hôpital Trousseau, 75012 Paris, France
| | | | - Delphine Héron
- Département de Génétique, APHP, Hopital La Pitié-Salpetriere, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Yves Alembik
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Strasbourg, Hopital de Hautepierre, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Paolo Milani
- Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles, APHP, Hopital Lariboisière, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Kubis
- Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles, APHP, Hopital Lariboisière, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Pouvreau
- Département de Génétique, APHP, Hopital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Marcella Zollino
- Universita Cattolica Sacro Cuore Istituto di Medicina Genomica, Roma, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Florentia Kaguelidou
- Université de Paris, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, CIC 1426, INSERM, APHP, Hopital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Gressens
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,Center for Developing Brain, King's College, St. Thomas' Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alain Verloes
- Département de Génétique, APHP, Hopital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France.,Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,European Reference Network ERN ITHACA, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Anita Rauch
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Severine Drunat
- Département de Génétique, APHP, Hopital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France.,Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,European Reference Network ERN ITHACA, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Passemard
- Département de Génétique, APHP, Hopital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France .,Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,European Reference Network ERN ITHACA, 75019 Paris, France.,Service de Neuropédiatrie, APHP, Hopital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France
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44
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Hull S, Arno G, Ostergaard P, Pontikos N, Robson AG, Webster AR, Hogg CR, Wright GA, Henderson RHH, Martin CA, Jackson AP, Mansour S, Moore AT, Michaelides M. Clinical and Molecular Characterization of Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy Associated With Microcephaly. Am J Ophthalmol 2019; 207:87-98. [PMID: 31077665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a rare finding in patients with genetic forms of microcephaly. This study documents the detailed phenotype and expands the range of genetic heterogeneity. DESIGN Retrospective case series. METHODS Twelve patients (10 families) with a diagnosis of FEVR and microcephaly were ascertained from pediatric genetic eye clinics and underwent full clinical assessment including retinal imaging. Molecular investigations included candidate gene Sanger sequencing, whole-exome sequencing (WES), and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). RESULTS All patients had reduced vision and nystagmus. Six were legally blind. Two probands carried bi-allelic LRP5 variants, both presenting with bilateral retinal folds. A novel homozygous splice variant, and 2 missense variants were identified. Subsequent bone density measurement identified osteoporosis in one proband. Four families had heterozygous KIF11 variants. Two probands had a retinal fold in one eye and chorioretinal atrophy in the other; the other 2 had bilateral retinal folds. Four heterozygous variants were found, including 2 large deletions not identified on Sanger sequencing or WES. Finally, a family of 2 children with learning difficulties, abnormal peripheral retinal vasculogenesis, and rod-cone dystrophy were investigated. They were found to have bi-allelic splicing variants in TUBGCP6. Three families remain unsolved following WES and WGS. CONCLUSIONS Molecular diagnosis has been achieved in 7 of 10 families investigated, including a previously unrecognized association with LRP5. WGS enabled molecular diagnosis in 3 families after prior negative Sanger sequencing of the causative gene. This has enabled patient-specific care with targeted investigations and accurate family counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hull
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Arno
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pia Ostergaard
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolas Pontikos
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony G Robson
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R Webster
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris R Hogg
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Genevieve A Wright
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert H H Henderson
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Ophthalmology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carol-Anne Martin
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P Jackson
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sahar Mansour
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom; South West Thames Regional Genetics Service, St George's Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony T Moore
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Ophthalmology Department, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Michel Michaelides
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
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Fritsche E, Barenys M, Klose J, Masjosthusmann S, Nimtz L, Schmuck M, Wuttke S, Tigges J. Development of the Concept for Stem Cell-Based Developmental Neurotoxicity Evaluation. Toxicol Sci 2019; 165:14-20. [PMID: 29982725 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human brain development consists of a series of complex spatiotemporal processes that if disturbed by chemical exposure causes irreversible impairments of the nervous system. To evaluate a chemical disturbance in an alternative assay, the concept evolved that the complex procedure of brain development can be disassembled into several neurodevelopmental endpoints which can be represented by a combination of different alternative assays. In this review article, we provide a scientific rationale for the neurodevelopmental endpoints that are currently chosen to establish assays with human stem/and progenitor cells. Assays covering these major neurodevelopmental endpoints are thought to assemble as building blocks of a DNT testing battery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Fritsche
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Jördis Klose
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Masjosthusmann
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Laura Nimtz
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Schmuck
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Saskia Wuttke
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Tigges
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Li JK, Li Y, Zhang X, Chen CL, Rao YQ, Fei P, Zhang Q, Zhao P, Li J. Spectrum of Variants in 389 Chinese Probands With Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:5368-5381. [PMID: 30452590 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-23541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To identify potentially pathogenic variants (PPVs) in Chinese familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) patients in FZD4, LRP5, NDP, TSPAN12, ZNF408, and KIF11 genes. Methods Blood samples were collected from probands and their parent(s). Genomic DNA was analyzed by next-generation sequencing, and the sequence of selected variants were validated by Sanger sequencing. The potential pathogenicity of a variant was evaluated by in silico analysis and by cosegregation of the variant with disease. Each proband was subjected to comprehensive retinal examinations, and the severity of FEVR was individually graded for each eye. Whenever possible, fundus fluorescein angiography was obtained and analyzed for parent(s) of each proband. Variation in mutation expressivity was analyzed. Results Three hundred eighty-nine consecutive FEVR patients from 389 families participated in this study. About 74% of the probands were children younger than 7 years old. One hundred one PPVs, 49 variants with unknown significance (VUS), were identified, including 73 novel PPVs and 38 novel VUS. One hundred ten probands carried PPV (28.3%), and 51 probands carried VUS (13.1%). PPVs in FZD4, LRP5, TSPAN12, NDP, ZNF408, and KIF11 were found in 8.48%, 9.00%, 5.91%, 4.63%, 0.77%, and 0.77% of the cohort, respectively. Probands carrying PPVs in NDP and KIF11 had more severe FEVR in general than those carrying PPVs in other genes. Overall, variants in LRP5 and FZD4 showed more significant variation in phenotype than variants in TSPAN12 and NDP genes. Conclusions Our study expanded the spectrum of PPVs associated with FEVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Kai Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yian Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Li Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu-Qing Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Fei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiquan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Reilly ML, Benmerah A. Ciliary kinesins beyond IFT: Cilium length, disassembly, cargo transport and signalling. Biol Cell 2019; 111:79-94. [PMID: 30720881 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201800074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cilia and flagella are microtubule-based antenna which are highly conserved among eukaryotes. In vertebrates, primary and motile cilia have evolved to exert several key functions during development and tissue homoeostasis. Ciliary dysfunction in humans causes a highly heterogeneous group of diseases called ciliopathies, a class of genetic multisystemic disorders primarily affecting kidney, skeleton, retina, lung and the central nervous system. Among key ciliary proteins, kinesin family members (KIF) are microtubule-interacting proteins involved in many diverse cellular functions, including transport of cargo (organelles, proteins and lipids) along microtubules and regulating the dynamics of cytoplasmic and spindle microtubules through their depolymerising activity. Many KIFs are also involved in diverse ciliary functions including assembly/disassembly, motility and signalling. We here review these ciliary kinesins in vertebrates and focus on their involvement in ciliopathy-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Louise Reilly
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, 75015, France.,Paris Diderot University, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Alexandre Benmerah
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, 75015, France
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Kashimada A, Hasegawa S, Nomura T, Shiraku H, Moriyama K, Suzuki T, Nakajima K, Mizuno T, Imai K, Sugawara Y, Morio T, Kumada S, Takagi M. Genetic analysis of undiagnosed ataxia-telangiectasia-like disorders. Brain Dev 2019; 41:150-157. [PMID: 30301590 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Defects in DNA damage responses or repair mechanisms cause numerous rare inherited diseases, referred to as "DNA-repair defects" or "DNA damage deficiency", characterized by neurodegeneration, immunodeficiency, and/or cancer predisposition. Early accurate diagnosis is important for informing appropriate clinical management; however, diagnosis is frequently challenging and can be delayed, due to phenotypic heterogeneity. Comprehensive genomic analysis could overcome this disadvantage. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) and A-T-like DNA-repair defects in Japan and to determine the utility of comprehensive genetic testing of presumptively diagnosed patients in facilitating early diagnosis. METHODS A nationwide survey of diseases presumably caused by DNA-repair defects, including A-T, was performed. Additionally, comprehensive next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis, targeting known disease-causing genes, was conducted. RESULTS Sixty-three patients with A-T or other diseases with characteristics of DNA-repair defects were identified. Thirty-four patients were genetically or clinically definitively diagnosed with A-T (n = 22) or other DNA-repair defects (n = 12). Genetic analysis of 17 presumptively diagnosed patients revealed one case of ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 1 (AOA1); one ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2 (AOA2); two types of autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA5, SCA29); two CACNA1A-related ataxias; one microcephaly with or without chorioretinopathy, lymphedema, or mental retardation (MCLMR); and one autosomal dominant KIF1A-related disorder with intellectual deficit, cerebellar atrophy, spastic paraparesis, and optic nerve atrophy. The diagnostic yield was 58.8%. CONCLUSION Comprehensive genetic analysis of targeted known disease-causing genes by NGS is a powerful diagnostic tool for subjects with indistinguishable neurological phenotypes resembling DNA-repair defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Kashimada
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Setsuko Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nomura
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shiraku
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kengo Moriyama
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakajima
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Mizuno
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Imai
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Sugawara
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Kumada
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Takagi
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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NEW FINDINGS FROM MULTIMODAL FUNDUS IMAGING OVER 3 YEARS OF A PATIENT WITH MICROCEPHALY, CHORIORETINOPATHY, AND KIF11 MUTATION. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2019; 13:79-83. [PMID: 28085761 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0000000000000538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe ocular features and long-term follow-up in a patient with microcephaly, chorioretinopathy, and KIF11 mutation. METHODS Multimodal imaging including fundus color photography, autofluorescence, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, visual fields, electrophysiologic assessment, and neuroimaging. RESULTS A 44-year-old man with microcephaly and long-standing poor vision in his right eye presented for general ophthalmic review. Fundus examination revealed bilateral, symmetrical, inferior, atrophic chorioretinal lacunae, outer retinal and retinal pigment epithelial atrophy, curvilinear streaks, and retinal arteriolar sheathing. These findings were documented over a 3-year period by multimodal imaging and showed slow progressive deterioration in visual acuity, visual field testing, and fundus autofluorescence appearance. Genetic testing confirmed a KIF11 gene mutation. CONCLUSION Curvilinear streaks and retinal arteriolar sheathing in this patient expand on the more typical fundus findings of KIF11 mutations. The outer retina is preferentially involved, and there is anatomical sparing of the macula until later in the disease state when multifocal electroretinography indicates functional impairment. Lacunae represent scleral depressions with the loss of overlying choroid and outer retina. Slow atrophic progression with loss of vision may occur over time.
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50
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Breslin JW, Yang Y, Scallan JP, Sweat RS, Adderley SP, Murfee WL. Lymphatic Vessel Network Structure and Physiology. Compr Physiol 2018; 9:207-299. [PMID: 30549020 PMCID: PMC6459625 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic system is comprised of a network of vessels interrelated with lymphoid tissue, which has the holistic function to maintain the local physiologic environment for every cell in all tissues of the body. The lymphatic system maintains extracellular fluid homeostasis favorable for optimal tissue function, removing substances that arise due to metabolism or cell death, and optimizing immunity against bacteria, viruses, parasites, and other antigens. This article provides a comprehensive review of important findings over the past century along with recent advances in the understanding of the anatomy and physiology of lymphatic vessels, including tissue/organ specificity, development, mechanisms of lymph formation and transport, lymphangiogenesis, and the roles of lymphatics in disease. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:207-299, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome W. Breslin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Joshua P. Scallan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Richard S. Sweat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Shaquria P. Adderley
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - W. Lee Murfee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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