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Li X, Nayeni M, Malvankar-Mehta MS. Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Interventions for Treating Herpes Stromal Keratitis: A Systematic Review. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2024; 31:191-209. [PMID: 37184084 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2023.2213324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Herpes stromal keratitis (HSK) is an immune-mediated corneal inflammation that occurs after a herpes simplex virus infection. This paper aims to systematically identify and compare interventions for treating HSK and their patient outcomes. METHODS This systematic review followed the PRISMA methodology. Online databases were searched to obtain all relevant papers. Two independent reviewers screened through 168 records. Seven papers were included and used for data extraction. A qualitative analysis was conducted. RESULTS HSK patients receiving prednisolone phosphate and acyclovir showed a higher treatment success rate and significantly longer time to failure compared to patients receiving only acyclovir (P < .001). No difference in resolution time was found between oral and topical acyclovir. Between groups receiving dexamethasone and flurbiprofen, resolution occurred in 93% and 67% of patients, and BCVA (LogMAR) improved from 1.0 to 0.30 and 0.48, respectively. BCVA improved in both cyclosporine-A (P < .001) and its control (prednisolone) groups (P = .002). A tacrolimus treatment group showed greater improvement in BCVA compared to its control (prednisolone) group (P < .001). CONCLUSION Corticosteroids and antivirals managed HSK most effectively only when used concurrently. Oral acyclovir showed similar effectiveness to its ointment counterpart, a preferable alternative for easier administration. Corticosteroid use could induce greater therapeutic benefits when tapered in concentration and frequency and administrated for at least 10 weeks. Anti-inflammatory drugs including flurbiprofen, cyclosporine-A, and tacrolimus could be safe and effective for treating HSK. Future long-term follow-up and RCTs could provide insights on the therapeutic benefits of these potential alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaole Li
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Manav Nayeni
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Monali S Malvankar-Mehta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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ZHENG X, GUO L, LAI S, LI F, LIANG M, LIU W, MENG C, LIU G. Emodin suppresses alkali burn-induced corneal inflammation and neovascularization by the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 signaling pathway. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2024; 44:268-276. [PMID: 38504533 PMCID: PMC10927407 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20240203.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of emodin on alkali burn-induced corneal inflammation and neovascularization. METHODS The ability of emodin to target vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) was predicted by molecular docking. The effects of emodin on the invasion, migration, and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were determined by cell counting kit-8, Transwell, and tube formation assays. Analysis of apoptosis was performed by flow cytometry. CD31 levels were examined by immunofluorescence. The abundance and phosphorylation state of VEGFR2, protein kinase B (Akt), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and P38 were examined by immunoblot analysis. Corneal alkali burn was performed on 40 mice. Animals were divided randomly into two groups, and the alkali-burned eyes were then treated with drops of either 10 μM emodin or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) four times a day. Slit-lamp microscopy was used to evaluate inflammation and corneal neovascularization (CNV) in all eyes on Days 0, 7, 10, and 14. The mice were killed humanely 14 d after the alkali burn, and their corneas were removed and preserved at -80 ℃ until histological study or protein extraction. RESULTS Molecular docking confirmed that emodin was able to target VEGFR2. The findings revealed that emodin decreased the invasion, migration, angiogenesis, and proliferation of HUVEC in a dose-dependent manner. In mice, emodin suppressed corneal inflammatory cell infiltration and inhibited the development of corneal neovascularization induced by alkali burn. Compared to those of the PBS-treated group, lower VEGFR2 expression and CD31 levels were found in the emodin-treated group. Emodin dramatically decreased the expression of VEGFR2, p-VEGFR2, p-Akt, p-STAT3, and p-P38 in VEGF-treated HUVEC. CONCLUSION This study provides a new avenue for evaluating the molecular mechanisms underlying corneal inflammation and neovascularization. Emodin might be a promising new therapeutic option for corneal alkali burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying ZHENG
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350104, China
| | - Liang GUO
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350104, China
| | - Siyi LAI
- 3 Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated People's Hospital (Fujian Provincial People's Hospital), Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350004, China
- 4 Eye Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Fengyue LI
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350104, China
| | - Mingli LIANG
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350104, China
| | - Wanting LIU
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350104, China
| | - Chun MENG
- 2 Department of Bioengineering, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350104, China; Eye Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Guanghui LIU
- 3 Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated People's Hospital (Fujian Provincial People's Hospital), Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350004, China
- 4 Eye Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350004, China
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Ikebukuro T, Arima T, Kasamatsu M, Nakano Y, Tobita Y, Uchiyama M, Terashima Y, Toda E, Shimizu A, Takahashi H. Disulfiram Ophthalmic Solution Inhibited Macrophage Infiltration by Suppressing Macrophage Pseudopodia Formation in a Rat Corneal Alkali Burn Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010735. [PMID: 36614177 PMCID: PMC9821574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
FROUNT is an intracellular protein that promotes pseudopodia formation by binding to the chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5 on macrophages. Recently, disulfiram (DSF), a drug treatment for alcoholism, was found to have FROUNT inhibitory activity. In this study, we investigated the effect of DSF eye drops in a rat corneal alkali burn model. After alkali burn, 0.5% DSF eye drops (DSF group) and vehicle eye drops (Vehicle group) were administered twice daily. Immunohistochemical observations and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses were performed at 6 h and 1, 4, and 7 days after alkali burn. Results showed a significant decrease in macrophage accumulation in the cornea in the DSF group, but no difference in neutrophils. RT-PCR showed decreased expression of macrophage-associated cytokines in the DSF group. Corneal scarring and neovascularization were also suppressed in the DSF group. Low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy imaging showed that macrophage length was significantly shorter in the DSF group, reflecting the reduced extension of pseudopodia. These results suggest that DSF inhibited macrophage infiltration by suppressing macrophage pseudopodia formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyo Ikebukuro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Takeshi Arima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3822-2131
| | - Momoko Kasamatsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Yutaro Tobita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Masaaki Uchiyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Yuya Terashima
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Etsuko Toda
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
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Luna C, Quirce S, Aracil-Marco A, Belmonte C, Gallar J, Acosta MC. Unilateral Corneal Insult Also Alters Sensory Nerve Activity in the Contralateral Eye. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:767967. [PMID: 34869482 PMCID: PMC8634144 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.767967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
After the unilateral inflammation or nerve lesion of the ocular surface, the ipsilateral corneal sensory nerve activity is activated and sensitized, evoking ocular discomfort, irritation, and pain referred to the affected eye. Nonetheless, some patients with unilateral ocular inflammation, infection, or surgery also reported discomfort and pain in the contralateral eye. We explored the possibility that such altered sensations in the non-affected eye are due to the changes in their corneal sensory nerve activity in the contralateral, not directly affected eye. To test that hypothesis, we recorded the impulse activity of the corneal mechano- and polymodal nociceptor and cold thermoreceptor nerve terminals in both eyes of guinea pigs, subjected unilaterally to three different experimental conditions (UV-induced photokeratitis, microkeratome corneal surgery, and chronic tear deficiency caused by removal of the main lacrimal gland), and in eyes of naïve animals ex vivo. Overall, after unilateral eye damage, the corneal sensory nerve activity appeared to be also altered in the contralateral eye. Compared with the naïve guinea pigs, animals with unilateral UV-induced mild corneal inflammation, showed on both eyes an inhibition of the spontaneous and stimulus-evoked activity of cold thermoreceptors, and increased activity in nociceptors affecting both the ipsilateral and the contralateral eye. Unilateral microkeratome surgery affected the activity of nociceptors mostly, inducing sensitization in both eyes. The removal of the main lacrimal gland reduced tear volume and increased the cold thermoreceptor activity in both eyes. This is the first direct demonstration that unilateral corneal nerve lesion, especially ocular surface inflammation, functionally affects the activity of the different types of corneal sensory nerves in both the ipsilateral and contralateral eyes. The mechanisms underlying the contralateral affectation of sensory nerves remain to be determined, although available data support the involvement of neuroimmune interactions. The parallel alteration of nerve activity in contralateral eyes has two main implications: a) in the experimental design of both preclinical and clinical studies, where the contralateral eyes cannot be considered as a control; and, b) in the clinical practice, where clinicians must consider the convenience of treating both eyes of patients with unilateral ocular conditions to avoid pain and secondary undesirable effects in the fellow eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Luna
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Susana Quirce
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Adolfo Aracil-Marco
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Carlos Belmonte
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Juana Gallar
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - M Carmen Acosta
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
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Gómez-Aguado I, Rodríguez-Castejón J, Beraza-Millor M, Vicente-Pascual M, Rodríguez-Gascón A, Garelli S, Battaglia L, del Pozo-Rodríguez A, Solinís MÁ. mRNA-Based Nanomedicinal Products to Address Corneal Inflammation by Interleukin-10 Supplementation. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1472. [PMID: 34575548 PMCID: PMC8466377 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is considered an efficient treatment for corneal inflammation, in spite of its short half-life and poor eye bioavailability. In the present work, mRNA-based nanomedicinal products based on solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were developed in order to produce IL-10 to treat corneal inflammation. mRNA encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) or human IL-10 was complexed with different SLNs and ligands. After, physicochemical characterization, transfection efficacy, intracellular disposition, cellular uptake and IL-10 expression of the nanosystems were evaluated in vitro in human corneal epithelial (HCE-2) cells. Energy-dependent mechanisms favoured HCE-2 transfection, whereas protein production was influenced by energy-independent uptake mechanisms. Nanovectors with a mean particle size between 94 and 348 nm and a positive superficial charge were formulated as eye drops containing 1% (w/v) of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with 7.1-7.5 pH. After three days of topical administration to mice, all formulations produced GFP in the corneal epithelium of mice. SLNs allowed the obtaining of a higher transfection efficiency than naked mRNA. All formulations produce IL-10, and the interleukin was even observed in the deeper layers of the epithelium of mice depending on the formulation. This work shows the potential application of mRNA-SLN-based nanosystems to address corneal inflammation by gene augmentation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itziar Gómez-Aguado
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de Investigación Lascaray Ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.G.-A.); (J.R.-C.); (M.B.-M.); (M.V.-P.); (A.R.-G.)
- Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Disease, Antimicrobial Agents, and Gene Therapy, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Julen Rodríguez-Castejón
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de Investigación Lascaray Ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.G.-A.); (J.R.-C.); (M.B.-M.); (M.V.-P.); (A.R.-G.)
- Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Disease, Antimicrobial Agents, and Gene Therapy, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Marina Beraza-Millor
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de Investigación Lascaray Ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.G.-A.); (J.R.-C.); (M.B.-M.); (M.V.-P.); (A.R.-G.)
- Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Disease, Antimicrobial Agents, and Gene Therapy, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Mónica Vicente-Pascual
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de Investigación Lascaray Ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.G.-A.); (J.R.-C.); (M.B.-M.); (M.V.-P.); (A.R.-G.)
| | - Alicia Rodríguez-Gascón
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de Investigación Lascaray Ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.G.-A.); (J.R.-C.); (M.B.-M.); (M.V.-P.); (A.R.-G.)
- Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Disease, Antimicrobial Agents, and Gene Therapy, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Sara Garelli
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (S.G.); (L.B.)
| | - Luigi Battaglia
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (S.G.); (L.B.)
| | - Ana del Pozo-Rodríguez
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de Investigación Lascaray Ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.G.-A.); (J.R.-C.); (M.B.-M.); (M.V.-P.); (A.R.-G.)
- Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Disease, Antimicrobial Agents, and Gene Therapy, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Solinís
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de Investigación Lascaray Ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.G.-A.); (J.R.-C.); (M.B.-M.); (M.V.-P.); (A.R.-G.)
- Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Disease, Antimicrobial Agents, and Gene Therapy, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Maruyama K, Yoneda K, Sugita S, Yamamoto Y, Koike M, Peters C, Uchiyama Y, Nishida K. CTLA-2 Alpha Is a Potent Inhibitor of Angiogenesis in Murine Ocular Tissue. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030456. [PMID: 33804126 PMCID: PMC8000157 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-2 (CTLA-2) alpha has been reported to suppress the activities of cathepsin L (Cath L), which is deeply involved in angiogenesis. Therefore, we assessed whether CTLA-2 alpha plays a role in angiogenesis in ocular tissue. To establish models of corneal inflammation and experimental choroidal neovascularization (CNV), male C57BL/6J mice (n = 5) underwent corneal suture placement or laser-induced CNV, respectively. Mice were then injected with recombinant CTLA-2 alpha (1 µg) into the peritoneal cavity at day 0 and every 2 days after operation. In vitro experiments were performed to assess the inflammatory response by measuring TNF-alpha secretion in peritoneal cavity exudate cells (PECs) or the proliferation of mouse vascular endothelial cells (mVECs). CTLA-2 alpha treatment dramatically suppressed corneal angiogenesis, as well as laser-induced CNV. Moreover, CTLA-2 alpha inhibited the proliferation of mVECs in vitro, while CTLA-2 alpha abolishment was able to rescue proliferation. However, CTLA-2 alpha could not suppress cytokine secretion from inflammatory cells such as PECs. In summary, CTLA-2 alpha was able to suppress angiogenesis by suppressing endothelial cell proliferation. Further studies are needed to investigate its usefulness as a new antiangiogenic treatment for a variety of conditions, including age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuichi Maruyama
- Department of Vision Informatics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-6879-3456
| | - Kazuhito Yoneda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 602-0841, Japan;
| | - Sunao Sugita
- RIKEN Center for Development Biology, Kobe 650-0047, Japan;
| | - Yoshimi Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Radiation Biology, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan;
| | - Masato Koike
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan;
| | - Christoph Peters
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, 79098 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Yasuo Uchiyama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan;
| | - Kohji Nishida
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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Paulson D, Harms R, Ward C, Latterell M, Pazour GJ, Fink DM. Loss of Primary Cilia Protein IFT20 Dysregulates Lymphatic Vessel Patterning in Development and Inflammation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:672625. [PMID: 34055805 PMCID: PMC8160126 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.672625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microenvironmental signals produced during development or inflammation stimulate lymphatic endothelial cells to undergo lymphangiogenesis, in which they sprout, proliferate, and migrate to expand the vascular network. Many cell types detect changes in extracellular conditions via primary cilia, microtubule-based cellular protrusions that house specialized membrane receptors and signaling complexes. Primary cilia are critical for receipt of extracellular cues from both ligand-receptor pathways and physical forces such as fluid shear stress. Here, we report the presence of primary cilia on immortalized mouse and primary adult human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells in vitro and on both luminal and abluminal domains of mouse corneal, skin, and mesenteric lymphatic vessels in vivo. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of disrupting primary cilia on lymphatic vessel patterning during development and inflammation. Intraflagellar transport protein 20 (IFT20) is part of the transport machinery required for ciliary assembly and function. To disrupt primary ciliary signaling, we generated global and lymphatic endothelium-specific IFT20 knockout mouse models and used immunofluorescence microscopy to quantify changes in lymphatic vessel patterning at E16.5 and in adult suture-mediated corneal lymphangiogenesis. Loss of IFT20 during development resulted in edema, increased and more variable lymphatic vessel caliber and branching, as well as red blood cell-filled lymphatics. We used a corneal suture model to determine ciliation status of lymphatic vessels during acute, recurrent, and tumor-associated inflammatory reactions and wound healing. Primary cilia were present on corneal lymphatics during all of the mechanistically distinct lymphatic patterning events of the model and assembled on lymphatic endothelial cells residing at the limbus, stalk, and vessel tip. Lymphatic-specific deletion of IFT20 cell-autonomously exacerbated acute corneal lymphangiogenesis resulting in increased lymphatic vessel density and branching. These data are the first functional studies of primary cilia on lymphatic endothelial cells and reveal a new dimension in regulation of lymphatic vascular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delayna Paulson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
- BioSNTR, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Rebecca Harms
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
- BioSNTR, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Cody Ward
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
- BioSNTR, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Mackenzie Latterell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
- BioSNTR, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Gregory J. Pazour
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Darci M. Fink
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
- BioSNTR, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
- *Correspondence: Darci M. Fink,
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Tobita Y, Arima T, Nakano Y, Uchiyama M, Shimizu A, Takahashi H. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Beta/Delta Agonist Suppresses Inflammation and Promotes Neovascularization. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5296. [PMID: 32722564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)β/δ ophthalmic solution were investigated in a rat corneal alkali burn model. After alkali injury, GW501516 (PPARβ/δ agonist) or vehicle ophthalmic solution was topically instilled onto the rat’s cornea twice a day until day 7. Pathological findings were evaluated, and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed. GW501516 strongly suppressed infiltration of neutrophils and pan-macrophages, and reduced the mRNA expression of interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and nuclear factor-kappa B. On the other hand, GW501516 promoted infiltration of M2 macrophages, infiltration of vascular endothelial cells associated with neovascularization in the wounded area, and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A mRNA. However, 7-day administration of GW501516 did not promote neovascularization in uninjured normal corneas. Thus, the PPARβ/δ ligand suppressed inflammation and promoted neovascularization in the corneal wound healing process. These results will help to elucidate the role of PPARβ/δ in the field of ophthalmology.
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Zhu S, Chen Y, Lao J, Wu C, Zhan X, Wu Y, Shang Y, Zou Z, Zhou J, Ji X, Huang X, Shi X, Wu M. Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family-7 Alleviates Corneal Inflammation by Promoting M2 Polarization. J Infect Dis 2020; 223:854-865. [PMID: 32702113 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family-7 (SLAMF7) functions as an immune checkpoint molecule on macrophages in antitumor immunity. However, its role in bacterial infection remains largely unknown. METHODS Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) isolated from wild-type (WT) or SLAMF7 knockout (KO) mice were infected with bacteria or treated with lipopolysaccharide/interferon-γ to investigate the expression and function of SLAMF7 in macrophage polarization. A Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis murine model was established to explore the effect of SLAMF7 on P. aeruginosa keratitis using WT vs SLAMF7 KO mice, or recombinant SLAMF7 vs phosphate-buffered saline-treated mice, respectively. RESULTS SLAMF7 expression was enhanced on M1-polarized or bacterial-infected macrophages, and infiltrating macrophages in P. aeruginosa-infected mouse corneas. SLAMF7 promoted M2 polarization by inducing STAT6 activation. In vivo data showed that SLAMF7 KO aggravated, while treatment with recombinant SLAMF7 alleviated, corneal inflammation and disease severity. In addition, blockage of M2 polarization by Arg-1 inhibitor abrogated the effect of recombinant SLAMF7 in disease progression. CONCLUSIONS SLAMF7 expression in macrophages was induced upon M1 polarization or bacterial infection and alleviated corneal inflammation and disease progression of P. aeruginosa keratitis by promoting M2 polarization. These findings may provide a potential strategy for the treatment of P. aeruginosa keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Zhu
- Program of Infection and Immunology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Program of Infection and Immunology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juanfeng Lao
- Program of Infection and Immunology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenglin Wu
- Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjian Wu
- Program of Infection and Immunology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Shang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhengyu Zou
- Program of Infection and Immunology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyu Zhou
- Program of Infection and Immunology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Ji
- Program of Infection and Immunology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiaomin Shi
- Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minhao Wu
- Program of Infection and Immunology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Wang L, Luo S, Xu H, Wu X, Hao P, Zhang Y, Huang W, Zan X. Evaluation of His 6-Metal Assemblies as a Drug Delivery Vehicle in the Treatment of Anterior Segment Disease Using a Corneal Inflammation Model. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4012-4023. [PMID: 33463356 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Keratitis is a common ophthalmological disease and also a common cause of blindness (second only to cataracts). This disease is routinely treated by topical administration of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (Dexp). However, due to the presence of anatomical and physiological barriers, frequent administration is needed, often resulting in poor patient compliance and diverse side effects. In this work, Dexp was in situ encapsulated into a His6-metal assembly (HmA) to generate Dexp@HmA, which was utilized in the ocular delivery of Dexp. The physicochemical properties of HmA and Dexp@HmA particles were characterized in detail using various techniques such as dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-vis spectroscopy. Compared to commercial Eudragi and reported PLGA nanoparticles, HmA showed higher encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and higher loading capacity (LC wt %) of Dexp. Dexp@HmA displayed pH-dependent release; after 33 days at pH 5.8, 6.5, and 7.2, 100%, 65%, and 42% of Dexp, respectively, had been released. In addition, HmA and Dexp@HmA showed low cytotoxicity to macrophages and to all common ocular cell types tested. The effect of Dexp@HmA on corneal inflammation was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo models. Our results demonstrate that Dexp@HmA is much superior to free Dexp in both in vitro and in vivo models. These positive results suggest that HmA may represent a promising candidate nanocarrier for the treatment of various diseases of the anterior segment of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Wang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, P. R. China
| | - Shan Luo
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Xu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, P. R. China
| | - Pengyan Hao
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, P. R. China
| | - Yagang Zhang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Huang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, P. R. China
| | - Xingjie Zan
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou Institute, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325011, P. R. China
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11
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Vicente-Pascual M, Gómez-Aguado I, Rodríguez-Castejón J, Rodríguez-Gascón A, Muntoni E, Battaglia L, del Pozo-Rodríguez A, Solinís Aspiazu MÁ. Topical Administration of SLN-Based Gene Therapy for the Treatment of Corneal Inflammation by De Novo IL-10 Production. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12060584. [PMID: 32586018 PMCID: PMC7355708 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main challenges in gene therapy is the issue of delivery, and it is especially relevant for the success of gene therapy in the cornea. In the present work, eye drops containing biocompatible non-viral vectors based on solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) as gene delivery systems to induce the expression of interleukin 10 (IL-10) were designed to address the treatment of corneal inflammation. Two kinds of SLNs combined with different ligands (protamine, dextran, or hyaluronic acid (HA)) and formulated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were prepared. SLN-based vectors were characterized in terms of size, adhesiveness, viscosity, and pH, before topical administration to wild type and IL-10 knock out (KO) mice. The formulations showed a homogenous particle size below 400 nm and a positive surface charge to favor bioadhesion; the incorporation of PVA improved the corneal penetration. After three days of treatment by topical instillation, SLN-based vectors mainly transfected corneal epithelial cells, HA-formulations being the most effective ones. IL-10 was capable of reaching even the endothelial layer. Corneal sections showed no histological change and formulations seemed to be well tolerated after repeated topical administration. These promising results highlight the possible contribution of non-viral gene augmentation therapy to the future clinical approach of corneal gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Vicente-Pascual
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.V.-P.); (I.G.-A.); (J.R.-C.); (A.R.-G.)
| | - Itziar Gómez-Aguado
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.V.-P.); (I.G.-A.); (J.R.-C.); (A.R.-G.)
| | - Julen Rodríguez-Castejón
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.V.-P.); (I.G.-A.); (J.R.-C.); (A.R.-G.)
| | - Alicia Rodríguez-Gascón
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.V.-P.); (I.G.-A.); (J.R.-C.); (A.R.-G.)
| | - Elisabetta Muntoni
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (E.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Luigi Battaglia
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (E.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Ana del Pozo-Rodríguez
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.V.-P.); (I.G.-A.); (J.R.-C.); (A.R.-G.)
- Correspondence: (A.d.P.-R.); (M.Á.S.A.)
| | - María Ángeles Solinís Aspiazu
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.V.-P.); (I.G.-A.); (J.R.-C.); (A.R.-G.)
- Correspondence: (A.d.P.-R.); (M.Á.S.A.)
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12
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Abstract
Purpose: While cannabis has the potential to reduce corneal pain, cannabinoids might induce side effects. This review article examines the effects of cannabinoids on the cornea. As more states and countries consider the legalization of adult cannabis use, health-care providers will need to identify ocular effects of cannabis consumption.Methods: Studies included in this review examined the connection between cannabis and the cornea, more specifically anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions of cannabinoids. NCBI Databases from 1781 up to December 2019 were consulted.Results: Five studies examined corneal dysfunctions caused by cannabis consumption (opacification, decreased endothelial cell density). Twelve studies observed a reduction in corneal pain and inflammation (less lymphocytes, decreased corneal neovascularization, increased cell proliferation and migration).Conclusion: More than half of the studies examined the therapeutic effects of cannabinoids on the cornea. As the field is still young, more studies should be conducted to develop safe cannabinoid treatments for corneal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne X Nguyen
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Albert Y Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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13
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Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the effect of Hypericum perforatum on corneal alkali burn. Methods: We studied 45 250 g weighing, 4 months old Wistar albino rats. Alkaline burns were performed in the corneas of all experimental animals with 2 mol/L NaOH after general anaesthesia. Rats were divided into five groups according to the subsequent process applied to them: group 1 was the topical Hypericum perforatum group, group 2 was the topical pure olive oil group, group 3 was the oral Hypericum perforatum group, group 4 was the oral pure olive oil group, and group 5 was the control untreated group. Rats were sacrificed under general anaesthesia on the 14 day. The rate of corneal inflammation, neovascularization, fibroblastic activity, and cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) staining was investigated. Result: There were 45 rats at the beginning of the study. One rat in groups 1, 2, and 3 died during the study; therefore, 42 rats could be evaluated. There were 8 rats in group 1, 8 rats in group 2, 8 rats in group 3, and 9 rats in group 4. We found less corneal neovascularization (CNV), inflammation, and fibroblastic activity in group 1 and group 2 than in the other groups (p ˂ 0.001 for all parameters). CNV, inflammation, fibroblastic activity, and CD31 staining rates were lower in group 1 than in group 2 (p ˂ 0.001 for all parameters). There was no difference between groups 3, 4, and 5 (respectively, p = 0.436, 0.634, and 0.750). Conclusions: We found that both topical Hypericum perforatum oily extract and olive oil have anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-fibroblastic effects when applied after corneal alkali burns in rat corneas. Further studies should be conducted in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uğur Yılmaz
- Pamukkale University, Medical School Opthalmology Clinic , Denizli , Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Kaya
- Pamukkale University, Medical School Opthalmology Clinic , Denizli , Turkey
| | - Murat Turan
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Art & Science Biology Department , Denizli , Turkey
| | - Ferda Bir
- Pamukkale University, Medical School Pathology Department , Denizli , Turkey
| | - Barbaros Şahin
- Pamukkale University, Experimental Surgery Education and Research Center , Denizli , Turkey
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14
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Torrecilla J, Gómez-Aguado I, Vicente-Pascual M, Del Pozo-Rodríguez A, Solinís MÁ, Rodríguez-Gascón A. MMP-9 Downregulation with Lipid Nanoparticles for Inhibiting Corneal Neovascularization by Gene Silencing. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2019; 9:nano9040631. [PMID: 31003493 PMCID: PMC6523231 DOI: 10.3390/nano9040631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gene silencing targeting proangiogenic factors have been shown to be a useful strategy in the treatment of corneal neovascularization (CNV). Among interference RNA (RNAi) molecules, short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) is a plasmid-coded RNA able to down-regulate the expression of the desired gene. It is continuously produced in the host cell, inducing a durable gene silencing effect. The aim of this work was to develop a solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN)-based shRNA delivery system to downregulate metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), a proangiogenic factor, in corneal cells for the treatment of CNV associated with inflammation. The nanovectors were prepared using a solvent emulsification-evaporation technique, and after physicochemical evaluation, they were evaluated in different culture cell models. Transfection efficacy, cell internalization, cell viability, the effect on MMP-9 expression, and cell migration were evaluated in human corneal epithelial cells (HCE-2). The inhibition of tube formation using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was also assayed. The non-viral vectors based on SLN were able to downregulate the MMP-9 expression in HCE-2 cells via gene silencing, and, consequently, to inhibit cell migration and tube formation. These results demonstrate the potential of lipid nanoparticles as gene delivery systems for the treatment of CNV-associated inflammation by RNAi technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josune Torrecilla
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology & Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01015 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Itziar Gómez-Aguado
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology & Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01015 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Mónica Vicente-Pascual
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology & Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01015 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Ana Del Pozo-Rodríguez
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology & Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01015 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - María Ángeles Solinís
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology & Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01015 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Alicia Rodríguez-Gascón
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology & Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01015 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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15
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Chen L, Zhong J, Li S, Li W, Wang B, Deng Y, Yuan J. The long-term effect of tacrolimus on alkali burn-induced corneal neovascularization and inflammation surpasses that of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor. Drug Des Devel Ther 2018; 12:2959-2969. [PMID: 30254425 PMCID: PMC6140698 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s175297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effect of tacrolimus in alkali burn-induced corneal neovascularization (NV) and inflammation and to compare with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF). Methods After corneal alkali-burn, 84 Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups and received either saline solution or 0.05% tacrolimus (0.5 mg/mL) four times daily, or subconjunctival anti-VEGF injection (0.5 mg/0.05 mL). Corneal NV, opacity and epithelial defects, the status of inflammation, and the levels of proinflammatory and angiogenic cytokines were assessed on Days 3, 7, 14 and 28 post-injury. Results Compared with the control, tacrolimus significantly reduced corneal NV on Days 7, 14 and 28 post-injury, and anti-VEGF significantly reduced corneal NV at each assessment. Nevertheless, the tacrolimus group had significantly less corneal NV than the anti-VEGF group on Days 14 and 28. Furthermore, both tacrolimus and anti-VEGF significantly decreased the VEGF-A expression on Days 7 and 14, with no significant difference between the two groups. Moreover, corneal inflammatory response was alleviated, and corneal opacity and epithelial defects were significantly reduced by tacrolimus. Additionally, the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α and TGF-β were significantly decreased by tacrolimus. Conclusion Our findings suggested that 0.05% tacrolimus suspension eye drops effectively reduced alkali burn-induced corneal NV and inflammation, with a better effect than subconjunctival anti-VEGF injections on Days 14 and 28.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China,
| | - Jing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China,
| | - Saiqun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China,
| | - Weihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China,
| | - Bowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China,
| | - Yuqing Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China,
| | - Jin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China,
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16
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Vicente-Pascual M, Albano A, Solinís MÁ, Serpe L, Rodríguez-Gascón A, Foglietta F, Muntoni E, Torrecilla J, Pozo-Rodríguez AD, Battaglia L. Gene delivery in the cornea: in vitro & ex vivo evaluation of solid lipid nanoparticle-based vectors. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:1847-1854. [PMID: 29792369 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Inflammation is a process that underlies sight-threatening ocular surface diseases, and gene supplementation with the plasmid that encodes for p-IL10 will allow the sustained de novo synthesis of the cytokine to occur in corneal cells, and provide a long-term anti-inflammatory effect. This work describes the development of solid lipid nanoparticle systems for the delivery of p-IL10 to transfect the cornea. RESULTS In vitro, vectors showed suitable features as nonviral vectors (size, ζ-potential, DNA binding, protection and release), and they were able to enter and transfect human corneal epithelial cells. Ex vivo, the vectors were found to transfect the epithelium, the stroma and the endothelium in rabbit corneal explants. Distribution of gene expression within the cell layers of the cornea depended on the composition of the four vectors evaluated. CONCLUSION Solid lipid nanoparticle-based vectors are promising gene delivery systems for corneal diseases, including inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Vicente-Pascual
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology & Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Andrea Albano
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology & Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, via Pietro Giuria 9, Turin, Italy
| | - María Á Solinís
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology & Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Loredana Serpe
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, via Pietro Giuria 9, Turin, Italy
| | - Alicia Rodríguez-Gascón
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology & Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Federica Foglietta
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, via Pietro Giuria 9, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Muntoni
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, via Pietro Giuria 9, Turin, Italy
| | - Josune Torrecilla
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology & Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Ana Del Pozo-Rodríguez
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology & Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Luigi Battaglia
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, via Pietro Giuria 9, Turin, Italy
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Zhu S, Xu X, Liu K, Gu Q, Wei F, Yang X. PAPep Inhibits Secretion of Poly(I:C)-Induced Inflammatory Cytokines and ICAM-1 Expression in Corneal Fibroblasts by Suppressing the NF-κB/p38 Pathway. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2018; 34:395-402. [PMID: 29583060 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2017.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of a novel peptide, PAPep, in poly(I:C)-stimulated corneal fibroblasts. METHODS Corneal fibroblasts were treated with poly(I:C) to elicit inflammation. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and ELISA were used to measure the mRNA and protein levels of interleukin (IL)-6, monocyte chemotactic factor (MCP)-1, and interferon gamma (IFN-γ). Real-time PCR, immunofluorescence, and immunoblot were performed to determine ICAM-1 expression. Translocation of NF-κB p65 was observed by immunofluorescence. Phosphorylation of IκBα, NF-κB, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (p38, JNK and ERK) were detected by western blot. RESULTS The results showed that PAPep effectively decreased mRNA and protein expression of IL-6, MCP-1, and IFN-γ in corneal fibroblasts exposed to poly(I:C). In addition, PAPep reduced mRNA and protein levels of ICAM-1. The NF-κB and MAPK(p38) pathway were inhibited by PAPep treatment, as indicated by suppression of p65 nuclear translocation, and IκBα, NF-κB, and p38 activation. PAPep showed no effect on JNK or ERK activity. CONCLUSIONS PAPep attenuates the expression of inflammatory cytokines and ICAM-1 in corneal fibroblasts induced by poly(I:C) through blocking the NF-κB and MAPK(p38) pathway. PAPep may be considered a promising therapeutic agent for treating viral keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopin Zhu
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, People's Republic of China .,2 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Xu
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, People's Republic of China .,2 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Liu
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, People's Republic of China .,2 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Gu
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, People's Republic of China .,2 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wei
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, People's Republic of China .,2 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu Yang
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, People's Republic of China .,2 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Zhang J, Dai Y, Wu D, Xu J. Calcitriol, the Active Metabolite of Vitamin D 3, Inhibits Dry Eye Related Corneal Inflammation In Vivo and In Vitro. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2017; 27:257-265. [PMID: 29039981 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2017.1372486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the influence of topical administration of calcitriol on dry eye (DE) related corneal inflammation. METHODS Benzalkonium chloride (BAC, 0.2%) was applied to induce DE. Then rats were treated topically with calcitriol (10-6μM). Tear break-up time (TBUT), fluorescein staining score, inflammatory index, and tear volume were measured. Corneal epithelium damage and corneal inflammation were examined by H&E staining or RT-qPCR. In vitro, human corneal epithelial cells (iHCEC) were cultured in hyperosmotic medium (450 mOsM) with various concentrations of calcitriol. Levels of pro-inflammatory mediators were measured by RT-qPCR or ELISA. NF-κB activation was examined by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Calcitriol significantly ameliorated DE symptoms, attenuating corneal inflammation. In vitro studies showed that calcitriol significantly decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in iHCECs under hyperosmotic stress, probably through inhibiting NF-κB activation. CONCLUSION The results suggest that calcitriol might be a potential therapeutic agent for DE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science , Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health , Shanghai , China
| | - Yiqin Dai
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science , Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health , Shanghai , China
| | - Dan Wu
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science , Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health , Shanghai , China
| | - Jianjiang Xu
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science , Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health , Shanghai , China
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Toguri JT, Caldwell M, Kelly MEM. Turning Down the Thermostat: Modulating the Endocannabinoid System in Ocular Inflammation and Pain. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:304. [PMID: 27695415 PMCID: PMC5024674 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has emerged as an important regulator of both physiological and pathological processes. Notably, this endogenous system plays a key role in the modulation of pain and inflammation in a number of tissues. The components of the ECS, including endocannabinoids, their cognate enzymes and cannabinoid receptors, are localized in the eye, and evidence indicates that ECS modulation plays a role in ocular disease states. Of these diseases, ocular inflammation presents a significant medical problem, given that current clinical treatments can be ineffective or are associated with intolerable side-effects. Furthermore, a prominent comorbidity of ocular inflammation is pain, including neuropathic pain, for which therapeutic options remain limited. Recent evidence supports the use of drugs targeting the ECS for the treatment of ocular inflammation and pain in animal models; however, the potential for therapeutic use of cannabinoid drugs in the eye has not been thoroughly investigated at this time. This review will highlight evidence from experimental studies identifying components of the ocular ECS and discuss the functional role of the ECS during different ocular inflammatory disease states, including uveitis and corneal keratitis. Candidate ECS targeted therapies will be discussed, drawing on experimental results obtained from both ocular and non-ocular tissue(s), together with their potential application for the treatment of ocular inflammation and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T. Toguri
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, HalifaxNS, Canada
| | - Meggie Caldwell
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, HalifaxNS, Canada
| | - Melanie E. M. Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, HalifaxNS, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, HalifaxNS, Canada
- Anesthesia, Pain Management & Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, HalifaxNS, Canada
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Yang JW, Jung WK, Lee CM, Yea SS, Choi YH, Kim GY, Lee DS, Na G, Park SG, Seo SK, Choi JS, Lee YM, Park WS, Choi IW. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester inhibits the inflammatory effects of interleukin-1β in human corneal fibroblasts. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2014; 36:371-7. [PMID: 25151996 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2014.953957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Expression of various inflammatory mediators in corneal fibroblasts contributes to corneal inflammation. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the possible effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on the expression of inflammatory mediators during an inflammatory response in human corneal fibroblasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS The levels of interleukin (IL)-6, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) from IL-1β-exposed human corneal fibroblasts were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The regulatory mechanisms of CAPE on cellular signaling pathways were examined using Western blot and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. A functional validation was carried out by evaluating the inhibitory effects of CAPE on neutrophil and monocyte migration in vitro. RESULTS CAPE inhibited the expression of IL-6, MCP-1 and ICAM-1 induced by the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in corneal fibroblasts. The activation of AKT and NF-κB by IL-1β was markedly inhibited by CAPE, whereas the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was not affected. CAPE significantly suppressed the IL-1β-induced migration of differentiated (d)HL-60 and THP-1 cells. DISCUSSION These anti-inflammatory effects of CAPE may be expected to inhibit the infiltration of leukocytes into the corneal stroma in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Wook Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine Inje University , Busan , Republic of Korea
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Abstract
PURPOSE We have recently provided evidence showing that luminal lymphatic valves are formed right after the onset of corneal inflammatory lymphangiogenesis (LG). The purpose of this study was to further characterize the long-term time course, spatial distribution, directional orientation, and functional implications of the valve formation in relation to corneal LG. METHODS Corneal LG was induced in normal adult BALB/c mice by a modified suture placement model with equal distribution in the nasal and temporal side. Whole-mount corneas were harvested every 2 weeks for up to 8 weeks post suturing for immunofluorescent microscopic assays. Quantitative analysis on both lymphatic vessels and valves was performed by using National Institutes of Health ImageJ software. Corneal lymphatic live imaging was performed to show functional drainage of the valves. RESULTS Lymphatic vessel invasion areas at 4, 6, and 8 weeks were significantly less than the peak at 2 weeks post corneal suturing. In contrast, the ratio of lymphatic valves to vessel invasion area was at its lowest at 2 weeks with a peak approximately at 6 weeks post suturing. Lymphatic valves were more localized in the nasal quadrant at all time points studied, and most of the well-formed valves were directionally oriented toward the limbus. The lymphatic valves function to guide lymphatic drainage outside the cornea. CONCLUSIONS This study presents new insights into corneal lymphatic valve formation and function in inflammatory LG. Further investigation on lymphatic valves may provide novel strategies to interfere with lymphatic maturation and function and to treat lymphatic-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Truong
- Graduate Group in Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, California
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