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Ma D, Lin KY, Suresh D, Lin J, Gujar MR, Aung HY, Tan YS, Gao Y, Vincent AS, Chen T, Wang H. Arl2 GTPase associates with the centrosomal protein Cdk5rap2 to regulate cortical development via microtubule organization. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002751. [PMID: 39137170 PMCID: PMC11321591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
ADP ribosylation factor-like GTPase 2 (Arl2) is crucial for controlling mitochondrial fusion and microtubule assembly in various organisms. Arl2 regulates the asymmetric division of neural stem cells in Drosophila via microtubule growth. However, the function of mammalian Arl2 during cortical development was unknown. Here, we demonstrate that mouse Arl2 plays a new role in corticogenesis via regulating microtubule growth, but not mitochondria functions. Arl2 knockdown (KD) leads to impaired proliferation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and neuronal migration. Arl2 KD in mouse NPCs significantly diminishes centrosomal microtubule growth and delocalization of centrosomal proteins Cdk5rap2 and γ-tubulin. Moreover, Arl2 physically associates with Cdk5rap2 by in silico prediction using AlphaFold multimer, which was validated by co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assay. Remarkably, Cdk5rap2 overexpression significantly rescues the neurogenesis defects caused by Arl2 KD. Therefore, Arl2 plays an important role in mouse cortical development through microtubule growth via the centrosomal protein Cdk5rap2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Ma
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Kun-Yang Lin
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Divya Suresh
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jiaen Lin
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Mahekta R Gujar
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Htet Yamin Aung
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Ye Sing Tan
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Yang Gao
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Anselm S Vincent
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Teng Chen
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Placidi G, D'Agostino E, Maltese PE, Savastano MC, Gambini G, Rizzo S, Bonetti G, Bertelli M, Chiurazzi P, Falsini B. A novel homozygous splice site variant in ARL2BP causes a syndromic autosomal recessive rod-cone dystrophy with situs inversus, asthenozoospermia, unilateral renal agenesis and microcysts. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:100. [PMID: 38649918 PMCID: PMC11036775 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01868-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This report presents a clinical case of syndromic rod-cone dystrophy due to a splice site variant in the ARL2BP gene causing situs inversus, asthenozoospermia, unilateral renal agenesis and microcysts. The presence of renal agenesis and cryptorchidism expands the clinical manifestations due to ARL2BP variants. The detailed, long-term follow-up contributes valuable insights into disease progression, aiding clinical diagnosis and patient management. CASE PRESENTATION The male patient complained of photophobia as the first symptom when he was 20 years old followed by nyctalopia, loss of central visual acuity and peripheral visual field ten years later. Genetic analysis identified a likely pathogenic homozygous variant (c.294-1G > C) involving the splicing acceptor site of intron 4. Reported symptoms together with full-field stimulus threshold testing, electroretinogram and advanced multimodal imaging allowed us to recognize the typical characteristics of a mixed retinal dystrophy. Despite the end-stage retinal disease, this patient still retained a useful residual vision at 63 years and had a slow disease progression during the last 5 years of evaluation. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our findings underscore the variable clinical presentation of ARL2BP variants, emphasizing the importance of a nuanced approach in diagnosing and managing patients. The presence of renal cysts warrants consideration of a differential diagnosis, particularly with Senior-Loken (SLS), Bardet-Biedl (BBS) and Joubert syndromes (JS) but also with Short Rib Thoracic Dysplasia 9, highlighting the need for careful phenotypic evaluation in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Placidi
- UOC Oculistica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena D'Agostino
- UOC Oculistica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria Cristina Savastano
- UOC Oculistica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Oftalmologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Gloria Gambini
- UOC Oculistica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Oftalmologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Stanislao Rizzo
- UOC Oculistica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Oftalmologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Bonetti
- MAGI'S LAB, 38068, Rovereto, Italy
- MAGI EUREGIO, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI'S LAB, 38068, Rovereto, Italy
- MAGI EUREGIO, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGISNAT, Atlanta Tech Park, 107 Technology Parkway, 30092, Peachtree Corners, GA, USA
| | - Pietro Chiurazzi
- Istituto di Medicina Genomica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
- UOC Genetica Medica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetto Falsini
- UOC Oculistica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Oftalmologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
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3
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Kocaaga A, Aköz İÖ, Demir NU, Paksoy B. Identification of novel variants in retinitis pigmentosa genes by whole-exome sequencing. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2023; 69:e20221073. [PMID: 37222315 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20221073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Retinitis pigmentosa is an inherited degenerative disorder causing severe retinal dystrophy and visual impairment, mainly with onset in the first or second decades. The next-generation sequencing has become an efficient tool to identify disease-causing mutations in retinitis pigmentosa. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate novel gene variants and evaluate the utility of whole-exome sequencing in patients with retinitis pigmentosa. METHODS The medical records of 20 patients with retinitis pigmentosa at Eskişehir City Hospital between September 2019 and February 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. Peripheral venous blood was obtained, followed by the extraction of genomic DNAs. The medical and ophthalmic histories were collected, and ophthalmological examinations were performed. Whole-exome sequencing was performed to determine the genetic etiology of the patients. RESULTS The proportion of genetically solved cases was 75% (15/20) in the patients with retinitis pigmentosa. Molecular genetic testing identified 13 biallelic and 4 monoallelic mutations in known retinitis pigmentosa genes, including 11 novel variants. According to in silico prediction tools, nine variants were predicted as pathogenic or possibly pathogenic. We identified six previously reported mutations to be associated with retinitis pigmentosa. The age of onset of the patients ranged from 3 to 19, with a mean age of onset of 11.6. All patients had a loss of central vision. CONCLUSION As the first study of the application of whole-exome sequencing among patients with retinitis pigmentosa in a Turkish cohort, our results may contribute to the characterization of the spectrum of variants related to retinitis pigmentosa in the Turkish population. Future population-based studies will enable us to reveal the detailed genetic epidemiology of retinitis pigmentosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayca Kocaaga
- Eskişehir City Hospital, Department of Medical Genetics - Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - İrem Öztürk Aköz
- Eskişehir City Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology - Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Nihal Ulus Demir
- Eskişehir City Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology - Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Bariş Paksoy
- Antalya Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Department of Medical Genetics - Antalya, Turkey
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Zhu T, Li H, Wei X, Li W, Sun Z, Sui R. Novel homozygous variant in ARL2BP associated with retinitis pigmentosa, situs inversus, and male infertility in a Chinese patient. Clin Genet 2023; 103:472-477. [PMID: 36507858 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ARL2BP is a ciliary gene associated with multiple ciliopathy phenotypes. On comprehensive clinical examinations using molecular methods, we identified a Chinese patient from a consanguineous family carrying a novel homozygous variant c.22_23delAG (p.S8Lfs*10) in ARL2BP, presenting with retinitis pigmentosa (RP), situs inversus totalis, and oligozoospermia. Situs inversus and male infertility have never been reported in the same patient with ARL2BP variants; therefore, this a novel ARL2BP-associated phenotypic triad of RP, situs inversus, and male infertility. Moreover, this patient likely had olfactory dysfunction susceptibility and presented with anosmia. We found reduced patient-derived fibroblast proliferation and ciliary length. Our findings expand the genotypic spectrum and reveal abnormal cell proliferation and ciliogenesis in ARL2BP-associated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wuyi Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zixi Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruifang Sui
- Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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5
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Gerstner CD, Reed M, Dahl TM, Ying G, Frederick JM, Baehr W. Arf-like Protein 2 (ARL2) Controls Microtubule Neogenesis during Early Postnatal Photoreceptor Development. Cells 2022; 12:147. [PMID: 36611941 PMCID: PMC9818799 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Arf-like protein 2 (ARL2) is a ubiquitously expressed small GTPase with multiple functions. In a cell culture, ARL2 participates with tubulin cofactor D (TBCD) in the neogenesis of tubulin αβ-heterodimers, the building blocks of microtubules. To evaluate this function in the retina, we conditionally deleted ARL2 in mouse retina at two distinct stages, either during the embryonic development (retArl2-/-) or after ciliogenesis specifically in rods (rodArl2-/-). retArl2-/- retina sections displayed distorted nuclear layers and a disrupted microtubule cytoskeleton (MTC) as early as postnatal day 6 (P6). Rod and cone outer segments (OS) did not form. By contrast, the rod ARL2 knockouts were stable at postnatal day 35 and revealed normal ERG responses. Cytoplasmic dynein is reduced in retArl2-/- inner segments (IS), suggesting that dynein may be unstable in the absence of a normal MTC. We investigated the microtubular stability in the absence of either ARL2 (retARL2-/-) or DYNC1H1 (retDync1h1-/-), the dynein heavy chain, and found that both the retArl2-/- and retDync1h1-/- retinas exhibited reduced microtubules and nuclear layer distortion. The results suggest that ARL2 and dynein depend on each other to generate a functional MTC during the early photoreceptor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia D. Gerstner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Michelle Reed
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Tiffanie M. Dahl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Guoxin Ying
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Jeanne M. Frederick
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Wolfgang Baehr
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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6
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Bhardwaj A, Yadav A, Yadav M, Tanwar M. Genetic dissection of non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:2355-2385. [PMID: 35791117 PMCID: PMC9426071 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_46_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) belongs to a group of pigmentary retinopathies. It is the most common form of inherited retinal dystrophy, characterized by progressive degradation of photoreceptors that leads to nyctalopia, and ultimately, complete vision loss. RP is distinguished by the continuous retinal degeneration that progresses from the mid-periphery to the central and peripheral retina. RP was first described and named by Franciscus Cornelius Donders in the year 1857. It is one of the leading causes of bilateral blindness in adults, with an incidence of 1 in 3000 people worldwide. In this review, we are going to focus on the genetic heterogeneity of this disease, which is provided by various inheritance patterns, numerosity of variations and inter-/intra-familial variations based upon penetrance and expressivity. Although over 90 genes have been identified in RP patients, the genetic cause of approximately 50% of RP cases remains unknown. Heterogeneity of RP makes it an extremely complicated ocular impairment. It is so complicated that it is known as “fever of unknown origin”. For prognosis and proper management of the disease, it is necessary to understand its genetic heterogeneity so that each phenotype related to the various genetic variations could be treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Bhardwaj
- Department of Genetics, M. D. University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Anshu Yadav
- Department of Genetics, M. D. University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Manoj Yadav
- Department of Genetics, M. D. University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Mukesh Tanwar
- Department of Genetics, M. D. University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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7
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Dewees SI, Vargová R, Hardin KR, Turn RE, Devi S, Linnert J, Wolfrum U, Caspary T, Eliáš M, Kahn RA. Phylogenetic profiling and cellular analyses of ARL16 reveal roles in traffic of IFT140 and INPP5E. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar33. [PMID: 35196065 PMCID: PMC9250359 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-10-0509-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ARF family of regulatory GTPases is ancient, with 16 members predicted to have been present in the last eukaryotic common ancestor. Our phylogenetic profiling of paralogues in diverse species identified four family members whose presence correlates with that of a cilium/flagellum: ARL3, ARL6, ARL13, and ARL16. No prior evidence links ARL16 to cilia or other cell functions, despite its presence throughout eukaryotes. Deletion of ARL16 in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) results in decreased ciliogenesis yet increased ciliary length. We also found Arl16 knockout (KO) in MEFs to alter ciliary protein content, including loss of ARL13B, ARL3, INPP5E, and the IFT-A core component IFT140. Instead, both INPP5E and IFT140 accumulate at the Golgi in Arl16 KO lines, while other intraflagellar transport (IFT) proteins do not, suggesting a specific defect in traffic from Golgi to cilia. We propose that ARL16 regulates a Golgi-cilia traffic pathway and is required specifically in the export of IFT140 and INPP5E from the Golgi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skylar I. Dewees
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Biochemistry, Cell & Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30307
| | - Romana Vargová
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, CZ-710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Katherine R. Hardin
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Biochemistry, Cell & Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30307
| | - Rachel E. Turn
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Biochemistry, Cell & Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30307
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305-5124
| | - Saroja Devi
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Joshua Linnert
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Uwe Wolfrum
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Tamara Caspary
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Marek Eliáš
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, CZ-710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Richard A. Kahn
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
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A comprehensive WGS-based pipeline for the identification of new candidate genes in inherited retinal dystrophies. NPJ Genom Med 2022; 7:17. [PMID: 35246562 PMCID: PMC8897414 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-022-00286-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To enhance the use of Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) in clinical practice, it is still necessary to standardize data analysis pipelines. Herein, we aimed to define a WGS-based algorithm for the accurate interpretation of variants in inherited retinal dystrophies (IRD). This study comprised 429 phenotyped individuals divided into three cohorts. A comparison of 14 pathogenicity predictors, and the re-definition of its cutoffs, were performed using panel-sequencing curated data from 209 genetically diagnosed individuals with IRD (training cohort). The optimal tool combinations, previously validated in 50 additional IRD individuals, were also tested in patients with hereditary cancer (n = 109), and with neurological diseases (n = 47) to evaluate the translational value of this approach (validation cohort). Then, our workflow was applied for the WGS-data analysis of 14 individuals from genetically undiagnosed IRD families (discovery cohort). The statistical analysis showed that the optimal filtering combination included CADDv1.6, MAPP, Grantham, and SIFT tools. Our pipeline allowed the identification of one homozygous variant in the candidate gene CFAP20 (c.337 C > T; p.Arg113Trp), a conserved ciliary gene, which was abundantly expressed in human retina and was located in the photoreceptors layer. Although further studies are needed, we propose CFAP20 as a candidate gene for autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa. Moreover, we offer a translational strategy for accurate WGS-data prioritization, which is essential for the advancement of personalized medicine.
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Jaffal L, Joumaa H, Mrad Z, Zeitz C, Audo I, El Shamieh S. The genetics of rod-cone dystrophy in Arab countries: a systematic review. Eur J Hum Genet 2021; 29:897-910. [PMID: 33188265 PMCID: PMC8187393 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-020-00754-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since a substantial difference in the prevalence of genetic causes of rod-cone dystrophy (RCD) was found among different populations, we conducted a systematic review of the genetic findings associated with RCD in Arab countries. Of the 816 articles retrieved from PubMed, 31 studies conducted on 407 participants from 11 countries were reviewed. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was the most commonly used technique (68%). Autosomal recessive pattern was the most common pattern of inheritance (97%) and half of the known genes associated with RCD (32/63) were identified. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, in addition to RP1 (20%) and TULP1 (20%), gene defects in EYS (8%) and CRB1 (7%) were also prevalently mutated. In North Africa, the main gene defects were in MERTK (18%) and RLBP1 (18%). Considering all countries, RP1 and TULP1 remained the most prevalently mutated. Variants in TULP1, RP1, EYS, MERTK, and RLBP1 were the most prevalent, possibly because of founder effects. On the other hand, only ten Individuals were found to have dominant or X-linked RCD. This is the first time a catalog of RCD genetic variations has been established in subjects from the Arabi countries. Although the last decade has seen significant interest, expertise, and an increase in RCD scientific publication, much work needs to be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama Jaffal
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh, 1107 2809, Lebanon
- Rammal Hassan Rammal Research Laboratory, Physiotoxicity (PhyTox), Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Nabatieh, 1700, Lebanon
| | - Hawraa Joumaa
- Rammal Hassan Rammal Research Laboratory, Physiotoxicity (PhyTox), Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Nabatieh, 1700, Lebanon
| | - Zamzam Mrad
- Rammal Hassan Rammal Research Laboratory, Physiotoxicity (PhyTox), Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Nabatieh, 1700, Lebanon
| | - Christina Zeitz
- Sorbonne Universités, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Isabelle Audo
- Sorbonne Universités, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, 75012, France
- CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, DHU Sight Restore, INSERM-DGOS CIC1423, 28 rue de Charenton, F-75012, Paris, France
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Said El Shamieh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, 1107 2809, Lebanon.
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10
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Sánchez-Bellver L, Toulis V, Marfany G. On the Wrong Track: Alterations of Ciliary Transport in Inherited Retinal Dystrophies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:623734. [PMID: 33748110 PMCID: PMC7973215 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.623734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ciliopathies are a group of heterogeneous inherited disorders associated with dysfunction of the cilium, a ubiquitous microtubule-based organelle involved in a broad range of cellular functions. Most ciliopathies are syndromic, since several organs whose cells produce a cilium, such as the retina, cochlea or kidney, are affected by mutations in ciliary-related genes. In the retina, photoreceptor cells present a highly specialized neurosensory cilium, the outer segment, stacked with membranous disks where photoreception and phototransduction occurs. The daily renewal of the more distal disks is a unique characteristic of photoreceptor outer segments, resulting in an elevated protein demand. All components necessary for outer segment formation, maintenance and function have to be transported from the photoreceptor inner segment, where synthesis occurs, to the cilium. Therefore, efficient transport of selected proteins is critical for photoreceptor ciliogenesis and function, and any alteration in either cargo delivery to the cilium or intraciliary trafficking compromises photoreceptor survival and leads to retinal degeneration. To date, mutations in more than 100 ciliary genes have been associated with retinal dystrophies, accounting for almost 25% of these inherited rare diseases. Interestingly, not all mutations in ciliary genes that cause retinal degeneration are also involved in pleiotropic pathologies in other ciliated organs. Depending on the mutation, the same gene can cause syndromic or non-syndromic retinopathies, thus emphasizing the highly refined specialization of the photoreceptor neurosensory cilia, and raising the possibility of photoreceptor-specific molecular mechanisms underlying common ciliary functions such as ciliary transport. In this review, we will focus on ciliary transport in photoreceptor cells and discuss the molecular complexity underpinning retinal ciliopathies, with a special emphasis on ciliary genes that, when mutated, cause either syndromic or non-syndromic retinal ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sánchez-Bellver
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB-IRSJD), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vasileios Toulis
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, ISCIII, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Marfany
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB-IRSJD), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, ISCIII, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Turn RE, Linnert J, Gigante ED, Wolfrum U, Caspary T, Kahn RA. Roles for ELMOD2 and Rootletin in ciliogenesis. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:800-822. [PMID: 33596093 PMCID: PMC8108518 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-10-0635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ELMOD2 is a GTPase-activating protein with uniquely broad specificity for ARF family GTPases. We previously showed that it acts with ARL2 in mitochondrial fusion and microtubule stability and with ARF6 during cytokinesis. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts deleted for ELMOD2 also displayed changes in cilia-related processes including increased ciliation, multiciliation, ciliary morphology, ciliary signaling, centrin accumulation inside cilia, and loss of rootlets at centrosomes with loss of centrosome cohesion. Increasing ARL2 activity or overexpressing Rootletin reversed these defects, revealing close functional links between the three proteins. This was further supported by the findings that deletion of Rootletin yielded similar phenotypes, which were rescued upon increasing ARL2 activity but not ELMOD2 overexpression. Thus, we propose that ARL2, ELMOD2, and Rootletin all act in a common pathway that suppresses spurious ciliation and maintains centrosome cohesion. Screening a number of markers of steps in the ciliation pathway supports a model in which ELMOD2, Rootletin, and ARL2 act downstream of TTBK2 and upstream of CP110 to prevent spurious release of CP110 and to regulate ciliary vesicle docking. These data thus provide evidence supporting roles for ELMOD2, Rootletin, and ARL2 in the regulation of ciliary licensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Turn
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Biochemistry, Cell & Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Joshua Linnert
- Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz 655099, Germany
| | - Eduardo D Gigante
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Uwe Wolfrum
- Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz 655099, Germany
| | - Tamara Caspary
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Richard A Kahn
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
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12
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Barnes CL, Malhotra H, Calvert PD. Compartmentalization of Photoreceptor Sensory Cilia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:636737. [PMID: 33614665 PMCID: PMC7889997 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.636737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional compartmentalization of cells is a universal strategy for segregating processes that require specific components, undergo regulation by modulating concentrations of those components, or that would be detrimental to other processes. Primary cilia are hair-like organelles that project from the apical plasma membranes of epithelial cells where they serve as exclusive compartments for sensing physical and chemical signals in the environment. As such, molecules involved in signal transduction are enriched within cilia and regulating their ciliary concentrations allows adaptation to the environmental stimuli. The highly efficient organization of primary cilia has been co-opted by major sensory neurons, olfactory cells and the photoreceptor neurons that underlie vision. The mechanisms underlying compartmentalization of cilia are an area of intense current research. Recent findings have revealed similarities and differences in molecular mechanisms of ciliary protein enrichment and its regulation among primary cilia and sensory cilia. Here we discuss the physiological demands on photoreceptors that have driven their evolution into neurons that rely on a highly specialized cilium for signaling changes in light intensity. We explore what is known and what is not known about how that specialization appears to have driven unique mechanisms for photoreceptor protein and membrane compartmentalization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter D. Calvert
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Center for Vision Research, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
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13
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ElMaghloob Y, Sot B, McIlwraith MJ, Garcia E, Yelland T, Ismail S. ARL3 activation requires the co-GEF BART and effector-mediated turnover. eLife 2021; 10:e64624. [PMID: 33438581 PMCID: PMC7817177 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The ADP-ribosylation factor-like 3 (ARL3) is a ciliopathy G-protein which regulates the ciliary trafficking of several lipid-modified proteins. ARL3 is activated by its guanine exchange factor (GEF) ARL13B via an unresolved mechanism. BART is described as an ARL3 effector which has also been implicated in ciliopathies, although the role of its ARL3 interaction is unknown. Here, we show that, at physiological GTP:GDP levels, human ARL3GDP is weakly activated by ARL13B. However, BART interacts with nucleotide-free ARL3 and, in concert with ARL13B, efficiently activates ARL3. In addition, BART binds ARL3GTP and inhibits GTP dissociation, thereby stabilising the active G-protein; the binding of ARL3 effectors then releases BART. Finally, using live cell imaging, we show that BART accesses the primary cilium and colocalises with ARL13B. We propose a model wherein BART functions as a bona fide co-GEF for ARL3 and maintains the active ARL3GTP, until it is recycled by ARL3 effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Begoña Sot
- Fundación IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de CantoblancoMadridSpain
- Unidad Asociada de Nanobiotecnología (CNB-CSIC e IMDEA Nanociencia), Campus de CantoblancoMadridSpain
| | | | | | | | - Shehab Ismail
- CRUK- Beatson InstituteGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, CelestijnenlaanHeverleeBelgium
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14
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Bi-allelic variant c.8638_8658dup in HYDIN causes bronchiectasis in two siblings. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Zhang X, Wang X, Xue Z, Zhan G, Ito Y, Guo Z. Prevention properties on cerebral ischemia reperfusion of medicine food homologous Dioscorea yam-derived diosgenin based on mediation of potential targets. Food Chem 2020; 345:128672. [PMID: 33352403 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
I/R (cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury) is the secondary complication of ischemic stroke patients that are immediately treated with drug thrombolysis or vascular recanalization in clinic. Diosgenin (DIO) purified from medicine food homologous (MFH) Dioscorea yam source is served as a fatal starting material to synthesize multifarious steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in medicinal field, and has previously been demonstrated the potential prevention of I/R. However, the detailed mechanisms of neuroprotective effects against I/R remain elusively understood. Here, a global proteomic dynamics of rat right hemisphere brains was executed to investigate the protein expression patterns with a quantitative LC-MSn. In total, 5043 proteins were identified and 418 ones were determined to be significantly dysregulated DEPs (differentially expressed proteins) in comparison of Sham verse I/R and I/R verse DIO after onset stage of I/R, among which 5 DEPs namely BICD2, HNRNPK, CEP41, PPM1K, and ARL2BP, whose biological functions were mainly clustered into the mediation of nervous system, were selected for further validation in vitro and in vivo, and the change tendency expectedly supported the proteomic findings. Additionally, the AUC value of the combined ROC of these 5 DEPs was 0.988 with P < 0.0001, higher than every single one. Collectively, these scientific findings attributed to a typical investigation of dietary Dioscorea-enriched diosgenin in MFH research, suggesting that diosgenin or its derivatives were potential to be developed into food supplements or healthy food products to reveal healthy benefits in natural prevention and reduction risk of I/R. This work also promoted reasonable consumption of Dioscorea yams and contributed to the function of diosgenin-derived products and their applications in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Xingbin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zhaowei Xue
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Guanqun Zhan
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yoichiro Ito
- Laboratory of Bio-separation Technologies, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Zengjun Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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16
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Saade M, Ferrero DS, Blanco-Ameijeiras J, Gonzalez-Gobartt E, Flores-Mendez M, Ruiz-Arroyo VM, Martínez-Sáez E, Ramón Y Cajal S, Akizu N, Verdaguer N, Martí E. Multimerization of Zika Virus-NS5 Causes Ciliopathy and Forces Premature Neurogenesis. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 27:920-936.e8. [PMID: 33147489 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZikV) is a flavivirus that infects neural tissues, causing congenital microcephaly. ZikV has evolved multiple mechanisms to restrict proliferation and enhance cell death, although the underlying cellular events involved remain unclear. Here we show that the ZikV-NS5 protein interacts with host proteins at the base of the primary cilia in neural progenitor cells, causing an atypical non-genetic ciliopathy and premature neuron delamination. Furthermore, in human microcephalic fetal brain tissue, ZikV-NS5 persists at the base of the motile cilia in ependymal cells, which also exhibit a severe ciliopathy. Although the enzymatic activity of ZikV-NS5 appears to be dispensable, the amino acids Y25, K28, and K29 that are involved in NS5 oligomerization are essential for localization and interaction with components of the cilium base, promoting ciliopathy and premature neurogenesis. These findings lay the foundation for therapies that target ZikV-NS5 multimerization and prevent the developmental malformations associated with congenital Zika syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Saade
- Developmental Biology Department, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Diego S Ferrero
- Structural Biology Department, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - José Blanco-Ameijeiras
- Developmental Biology Department, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Elena Gonzalez-Gobartt
- Developmental Biology Department, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Marco Flores-Mendez
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Victor M Ruiz-Arroyo
- Structural Biology Department, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Elena Martínez-Sáez
- Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Santiago Ramón Y Cajal
- Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Naiara Akizu
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nuria Verdaguer
- Structural Biology Department, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Elisa Martí
- Developmental Biology Department, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
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17
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Tatour Y, Ben-Yosef T. Syndromic Inherited Retinal Diseases: Genetic, Clinical and Diagnostic Aspects. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10100779. [PMID: 33023209 PMCID: PMC7600643 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10100779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs), which are among the most common genetic diseases in humans, define a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders. Over 80 forms of syndromic IRDs have been described. Approximately 200 genes are associated with these syndromes. The majority of syndromic IRDs are recessively inherited and rare. Many, although not all, syndromic IRDs can be classified into one of two major disease groups: inborn errors of metabolism and ciliopathies. Besides the retina, the systems and organs most commonly involved in syndromic IRDs are the central nervous system, ophthalmic extra-retinal tissues, ear, skeleton, kidney and the cardiovascular system. Due to the high degree of phenotypic variability and phenotypic overlap found in syndromic IRDs, correct diagnosis based on phenotypic features alone may be challenging and sometimes misleading. Therefore, genetic testing has become the benchmark for the diagnosis and management of patients with these conditions, as it complements the clinical findings and facilitates an accurate clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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18
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Shoemark A, Pinto AL, Patel MP, Daudvohra F, Hogg C, Mitchison HM, Burgoyne T. PCD Detect: enhancing ciliary features through image averaging and classification. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L1048-L1060. [PMID: 32996775 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00264.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is an inherited disorder of the motile cilia. Early accurate diagnosis is important to help prevent lung damage in childhood and to preserve lung function. Confirmation of a diagnosis traditionally relied on assessment of ciliary ultrastructure by transmission electron microscopy (TEM); however, >50 known PCD genes have made the identification of biallelic mutations a viable alternative to confirm diagnosis. TEM and genotyping lack sensitivity, and research to improve accuracy of both is required. TEM can be challenging when a subtle or partial ciliary defect is present or affected cilia structures are difficult to identify due to poor contrast. Here, we demonstrate software to enhance TEM ciliary images and reduce background by averaging ciliary features. This includes an option to classify features into groups based on their appearance, to generate multiple averages when a nonhomogeneous abnormality is present. We validated this software on images taken from subjects with well-characterized PCD caused by variants in the outer dynein arm (ODA) heavy chain gene DNAH5. Examining more difficult to diagnose cases, we detected 1) regionally restricted absence of the ODAs away from the ciliary base, in a subject carrying mutations in DNAH9; 2) loss of the typically poorly contrasted inner dynein arms; and 3) sporadic absence of part of the central pair complex in subjects carrying mutations in HYDIN, including one case with an unverified genetic diagnosis. We show that this easy-to-use software can assist in detailing relationships between genotype and ultrastructural phenotype, improving diagnosis of PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Shoemark
- Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Centre, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.,School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Andreia L Pinto
- Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Centre, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mitali P Patel
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Farheen Daudvohra
- Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Centre, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Hogg
- Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Centre, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah M Mitchison
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Burgoyne
- Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Centre, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.,UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Lee L, Ostrowski LE. Motile cilia genetics and cell biology: big results from little mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:769-797. [PMID: 32915243 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03633-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of motile cilia and their role in disease has increased tremendously over the last two decades, with critical information and insight coming from the analysis of mouse models. Motile cilia form on specific epithelial cell types and typically beat in a coordinated, whip-like manner to facilitate the flow and clearance of fluids along the cell surface. Defects in formation and function of motile cilia result in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a genetically heterogeneous disorder with a well-characterized phenotype but no effective treatment. A number of model systems, ranging from unicellular eukaryotes to mammals, have provided information about the genetics, biochemistry, and structure of motile cilia. However, with remarkable resources available for genetic manipulation and developmental, pathological, and physiological analysis of phenotype, the mouse has risen to the forefront of understanding mammalian motile cilia and modeling PCD. This is evidenced by a large number of relevant mouse lines and an extensive body of genetic and phenotypic data. More recently, application of innovative cell biological techniques to these models has enabled substantial advancement in elucidating the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the biogenesis and function of mammalian motile cilia. In this article, we will review genetic and cell biological studies of motile cilia in mouse models and their contributions to our understanding of motile cilia and PCD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance Lee
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
| | - Lawrence E Ostrowski
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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20
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Blond F, Léveillard T. Functional Genomics of the Retina to Elucidate its Construction and Deconstruction. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4922. [PMID: 31590277 PMCID: PMC6801968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The retina is the light sensitive part of the eye and nervous tissue that have been used extensively to characterize the function of the central nervous system. The retina has a central position both in fundamental biology and in the physiopathology of neurodegenerative diseases. We address the contribution of functional genomics to the understanding of retinal biology by reviewing key events in their historical perspective as an introduction to major findings that were obtained through the study of the retina using genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics. We illustrate our purpose by showing that most of the genes of interest for retinal development and those involved in inherited retinal degenerations have a restricted expression to the retina and most particularly to photoreceptors cells. We show that the exponential growth of data generated by functional genomics is a future challenge not only in terms of storage but also in terms of accessibility to the scientific community of retinal biologists in the future. Finally, we emphasize on novel perspectives that emerge from the development of redox-proteomics, the new frontier in retinal biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Blond
- Department of Genetics, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012 Paris, France.
| | - Thierry Léveillard
- Department of Genetics, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012 Paris, France.
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21
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Sharon D, Ben-Yosef T, Goldenberg-Cohen N, Pras E, Gradstein L, Soudry S, Mezer E, Zur D, Abbasi AH, Zeitz C, Cremers FPM, Khan MI, Levy J, Rotenstreich Y, Birk OS, Ehrenberg M, Leibu R, Newman H, Shomron N, Banin E, Perlman I. A nationwide genetic analysis of inherited retinal diseases in Israel as assessed by the Israeli inherited retinal disease consortium (IIRDC). Hum Mutat 2019; 41:140-149. [PMID: 31456290 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) cause visual loss due to dysfunction or progressive degeneration of photoreceptors. These diseases show marked phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. The Israeli IRD consortium (IIRDC) was established in 2013 with the goal of performing clinical and genetic mapping of the majority of Israeli IRD patients. To date, we recruited 2,420 families including 3,413 individuals with IRDs. On the basis of our estimation, these patients represent approximately 40% of Israeli IRD patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is, by far, the largest reported IRD cohort, and one of the first studies addressing the genetic analysis of IRD patients on a nationwide scale. The most common inheritance pattern in our cohort is autosomal recessive (60% of families). The most common retinal phenotype is retinitis pigmentosa (43%), followed by Stargardt disease and cone/cone-rod dystrophy. We identified the cause of disease in 56% of the families. Overall, 605 distinct mutations were identified, of which 12% represent prevalent founder mutations. The most frequently mutated genes were ABCA4, USH2A, FAM161A, CNGA3, and EYS. The results of this study have important implications for molecular diagnosis, genetic screening, and counseling, as well as for the development of new therapeutic strategies for retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dror Sharon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamar Ben-Yosef
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nitza Goldenberg-Cohen
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Ophthalmology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,The Krieger Eye Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center (FMRC), Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Eran Pras
- Department of Ophthalmology, Assaf-Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Libe Gradstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soroka Medical Center and Clalit Health Services, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Shiri Soudry
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eedy Mezer
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dinah Zur
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Ophthalmology Division, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anan H Abbasi
- Ziv Medical Center, Safed, Israel.,The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Christina Zeitz
- INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Frans P M Cremers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Muhammad I Khan
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaime Levy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ygal Rotenstreich
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ohad S Birk
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics at the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel.,Genetics Institute, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Miriam Ehrenberg
- Ophthalmology Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center in Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Rina Leibu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hadas Newman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Ophthalmology Division, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noam Shomron
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eyal Banin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ido Perlman
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Ophthalmology Division, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
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22
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McGlaughon JL, Goldstein JL, Thaxton C, Hemphill SE, Berg JS. The progression of the ClinGen gene clinical validity classification over time. Hum Mutat 2019; 39:1494-1504. [PMID: 30311372 PMCID: PMC6190678 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In order for ClinGen to maintain up-to-date gene-disease clinical validity classifications for use by clinicians and clinical laboratories, an appropriate timeline for reevaluating curated gene-disease associations will need to be determined. To provide guidance on how often a gene-disease association should be recurated, a retrospective analysis of 30 gene curations was performed. Curations were simulated at one-year intervals starting with the year of the first publication to assert disease-causing variants in the gene to observe trends in the classification over time, as well as factors that influenced changes in classification. On average, gene-disease associations spent the least amount of time in the "Moderate" classification before progressing to "Strong" or "Definitive." In contrast, gene-disease associations that spent five or more years in the "Limited" classification were most likely to remain "Limited" or become "Disputed/Refuted." Large population datasets contributed to the reclassification of several gene-disease associations from "Limited" to "Disputed/Refuted." Finally, recent advancements in sequencing technology correlated with an increase in the quantity of case-level evidence that was curated per paper. This study provided a number of key points to consider when determining how often to recurate a gene-disease association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L McGlaughon
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer L Goldstein
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Courtney Thaxton
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Sarah E Hemphill
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners Healthcare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan S Berg
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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23
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Moye AR, Bedoni N, Cunningham JG, Sanzhaeva U, Tucker ES, Mathers P, Peter VG, Quinodoz M, Paris LP, Coutinho-Santos L, Camacho P, Purcell MG, Winkelmann AC, Foster JA, Pugacheva EN, Rivolta C, Ramamurthy V. Mutations in ARL2BP, a protein required for ciliary microtubule structure, cause syndromic male infertility in humans and mice. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008315. [PMID: 31425546 PMCID: PMC6715254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilia are evolutionarily conserved hair-like structures with a wide spectrum of key biological roles, and their dysfunction has been linked to a growing class of genetic disorders, known collectively as ciliopathies. Many strides have been made towards deciphering the molecular causes for these diseases, which have in turn expanded the understanding of cilia and their functional roles. One recently-identified ciliary gene is ARL2BP, encoding the ADP-Ribosylation Factor Like 2 Binding Protein. In this study, we have identified multiple ciliopathy phenotypes associated with mutations in ARL2BP in human patients and in a mouse knockout model. Our research demonstrates that spermiogenesis is impaired, resulting in abnormally shaped heads, shortened and mis-assembled sperm tails, as well as in loss of axonemal doublets. Additional phenotypes in the mouse included enlarged ventricles of the brain and situs inversus. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts derived from knockout animals revealed delayed depolymerization of primary cilia. Our results suggest that ARL2BP is required for the structural maintenance of cilia as well as of the sperm flagellum, and that its deficiency leads to syndromic ciliopathy. The flagellated tails of sperm cells require a stringent developmental process that is essential for motility and fertility. The components that comprise the sperm tail assemble in regulated steps with protein processing, transport, and structural assembly dependent on each other for sperm tail maturity. In this work, we have identified ARL2BP, a previously retinal-associated protein, to be essential for sperm tail development and assembly. We show that without functional ARL2BP in humans or mice, sperm tails fail to develop, starting with the assembly of the core microtubular structure within the tail. Loss of ARL2BP also effects other ciliated cells, indicating a unique role for ARL2BP in ciliary microtubule formation. This research on ARL2BP provides further understanding on the links between vision and fertility. This work also demonstrates how genomic studies for human patients and murine models can coincide to provide greater insight into disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail R. Moye
- Department of Ophthalmology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, United States of America
| | - Nicola Bedoni
- Department of Computational Biology, Unit of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jessica G. Cunningham
- Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States of America
| | - Urikhan Sanzhaeva
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, United States of America
| | - Eric S. Tucker
- Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States of America
| | - Peter Mathers
- Department of Ophthalmology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, United States of America
- Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States of America
| | - Virginie G. Peter
- Department of Computational Biology, Unit of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Quinodoz
- Department of Computational Biology, Unit of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Liliana P. Paris
- Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto de Oftalmologia Dr Gama Pinto, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luísa Coutinho-Santos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto de Oftalmologia Dr Gama Pinto, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Camacho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto de Oftalmologia Dr Gama Pinto, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Madeleine G. Purcell
- Department of Biology, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, VA, United States of America
| | - Abbie C. Winkelmann
- Department of Biology, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, VA, United States of America
| | - James A. Foster
- Department of Biology, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, VA, United States of America
| | - Elena N. Pugacheva
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, United States of America
| | - Carlo Rivolta
- Department of Computational Biology, Unit of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Clinical Research Center, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (CR); (VR)
| | - Visvanathan Ramamurthy
- Department of Ophthalmology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, United States of America
- Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CR); (VR)
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24
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Cai XB, Wu KC, Zhang X, Lv JN, Jin GH, Xiang L, Chen J, Huang XF, Pan D, Lu B, Lu F, Qu J, Jin ZB. Whole-exome sequencing identified ARL2 as a novel candidate gene for MRCS (microcornea, rod-cone dystrophy, cataract, and posterior staphyloma) syndrome. Clin Genet 2019; 96:61-71. [PMID: 30945270 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation factor-like 2 (ARL2) protein participates in a broad range of cellular processes and acts as a mediator for mutant ARL2BP in cilium-associated retinitis pigmentosa and for mutant HRG4 in mitochondria-related photoreceptor degeneration. However, mutant ARL2 has not been linked to any human disease so far. Here, we identified a de novo variant in ARL2 (c.44G > T, p.R15L) in a Chinese pedigree with MRCS (microcornea, rod-cone dystrophy, cataract, and posterior staphyloma) syndrome through whole-exome sequencing and co-segregation analysis. Co-immunoprecipitation assay and immunoblotting confirmed that the mutant ARL2 protein showed a 62% lower binding affinity for HRG4 while a merely 18% lower binding affinity for ARL2BP. Immunofluorescence images of ARL2 and HRG4 co-localizing with cytochrome c in HeLa cells described their relationship with mitochondria. Further analyses of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and adenosine triphosphate production showed significant abnormalities under an ARL2-mutant condition. Finally, we generated transgenic mice to test the pathogenicity of this variant and observed retinal degeneration complicated with microcornea and cataract that were similar to those in our patients. In conclusion, we uncover ARL2 as a novel candidate gene for MRCS syndrome and suggest a mitochondria-related mechanism of the first ARL2 variant through site-directed mutagenesis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Bi Cai
- Lab for Stem Cell and Retinal Regeneration, Institute of Stem Cell Research; Division of Ophthalmic Genetics, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kun-Chao Wu
- Lab for Stem Cell and Retinal Regeneration, Institute of Stem Cell Research; Division of Ophthalmic Genetics, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Lab for Stem Cell and Retinal Regeneration, Institute of Stem Cell Research; Division of Ophthalmic Genetics, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ji-Neng Lv
- Lab for Stem Cell and Retinal Regeneration, Institute of Stem Cell Research; Division of Ophthalmic Genetics, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guang-Hui Jin
- Lab for Stem Cell and Retinal Regeneration, Institute of Stem Cell Research; Division of Ophthalmic Genetics, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lue Xiang
- Lab for Stem Cell and Retinal Regeneration, Institute of Stem Cell Research; Division of Ophthalmic Genetics, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Feng Huang
- Lab for Stem Cell and Retinal Regeneration, Institute of Stem Cell Research; Division of Ophthalmic Genetics, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Deng Pan
- Lab for Stem Cell and Retinal Regeneration, Institute of Stem Cell Research; Division of Ophthalmic Genetics, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bin Lu
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jia Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zi-Bing Jin
- Lab for Stem Cell and Retinal Regeneration, Institute of Stem Cell Research; Division of Ophthalmic Genetics, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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25
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Latif Z, Chakchouk I, Schrauwen I, Lee K, Santos-Cortez RLP, Abbe I, Acharya A, Jarral A, Ali I, Ullah E, Khan MN, Ali G, Tahir TH, Bamshad MJ, Nickerson DA, Ahmad W, Ansar M, Leal SM. Confirmation of the Role of DHX38 in the Etiology of Early-Onset Retinitis Pigmentosa. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:4552-4557. [PMID: 30208423 PMCID: PMC6133250 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-23849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a genetically heterogeneous trait with autosomal-recessive (ar) inheritance underlying 50% of genetic disease cases. Sixty-one arRP genes have been identified, and recently, DHX38 has been reported as a potential candidate gene for arRP with only a single family reported with a variant of unknown significance. We identified a missense variant in DHX38 that co-segregates with the arRP phenotype in two Pakistani families confirming the involvement of DHX38 in the etiology of early-onset RP. Methods Exome sequencing was performed using two DNA samples from affected members of Pakistani families (MA88 and MA157) with early onset arRP. Sanger sequencing of DNA samples from all family members confirmed the segregation of candidate variant within both families. Results A novel missense DHX38 variant c.971G>A; p.(Arg324Gln) was identified which segregates with the arRP phenotype and yielded a logarithm of the odds (LOD) score of 5.0 and 4.3 for families MA88 and MA157, respectively. This variant is predicted to be conserved and deleterious by several bioinformatics tools. Conclusions We identified a second deleterious DHX38 variant that segregates with arRP in two families, providing additional evidence that DHX38 is involved in RP etiology. DHX38 encodes for pre-mRNA splicing factor PRP16, which is important in catalyzing pre-mRNA splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Latif
- Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Imen Chakchouk
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Isabelle Schrauwen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Kwanghyuk Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Regie Lyn P Santos-Cortez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Izoduwa Abbe
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Anushree Acharya
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Afeefa Jarral
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, Pakistan
| | - Ehsan Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nasim Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghazanfar Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Michael J Bamshad
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ansar
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Suzanne M Leal
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
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26
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Wright ZC, Loskutov Y, Murphy D, Stoilov P, Pugacheva E, Goldberg AFX, Ramamurthy V. ADP-Ribosylation Factor-Like 2 (ARL2) regulates cilia stability and development of outer segments in rod photoreceptor neurons. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16967. [PMID: 30446707 PMCID: PMC6240099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35395-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoreceptor cells are specialized neurons with a sensory cilium carrying an elaborate membrane structure, the outer segment (OS). Inherited mutations in genes involved in ciliogenesis frequently result in OS malformation and blindness. ADP-ribosylation factor-like 2 (ARL2) has recently been implicated in OS formation through its association with Binder of ARL2 (BART or ARL2BP), a protein linked to inherited blinding disease. To test the role of ARL2 in vision we created a transgenic mouse model expressing a tagged-dominant active form of human ARL2 (ARL2-Q70L) under a rod-specific promoter. Transgenic ARL2-Q70L animals exhibit reduced photoreceptor cell function as early as post-natal day 16 and progressive rod degeneration. We attribute loss of photoreceptor function to the defective OS morphogenesis in the ARL2-Q70L transgenic model. ARL2-Q70L expression results in shortened inner and outer segments, shortened and mislocalized axonemes and cytoplasmic accumulation of rhodopsin. In conclusion, we show that ARL2-Q70L is crucial for photoreceptor neuron sensory cilium development. Future research will expand upon our hypothesis that ARL2-Q70L mutant interferes with microtubule maintenance and tubulin regulation resulting in impaired growth of the axoneme and elaboration of the photoreceptor outer segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary C Wright
- Departments of Ophthalmology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, USA
| | - Yuriy Loskutov
- Departments of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, USA
| | - Daniel Murphy
- Departments of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, USA
| | - Peter Stoilov
- Departments of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, USA
| | - Elena Pugacheva
- Departments of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, USA
| | | | - Visvanathan Ramamurthy
- Departments of Ophthalmology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, USA. .,Departments of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, USA. .,Center for Neuroscience, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, USA.
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27
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Fiorentino A, Yu J, Arno G, Pontikos N, Halford S, Broadgate S, Michaelides M, Carss KJ, Raymond FL, Cheetham ME, Webster AR, Downes SM, Hardcastle AJ. Novel homozygous splicing mutations in ARL2BP cause autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa. Mol Vis 2018; 24:603-612. [PMID: 30210231 PMCID: PMC6128700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Mutations in ARL2BP, encoding ADP-ribosylation factor-like 2 binding protein, have recently been implicated as a cause of autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (arRP), with three homozygous variants identified to date. In this study, we performed next-generation sequencing to reveal additional arRP cases associated with ARL2BP variants. Methods Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) or whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed in 1,051 unrelated individuals recruited for the UK Inherited Retinal Disease Consortium and NIHR-BioResource Rare Diseases research studies. Sanger sequencing was used to validate the next-generation sequencing data, and reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR analysis was performed on RNA extracted from blood from affected individuals to test for altered splicing of ARL2BP. Detailed phenotyping was performed, including clinical evaluation, electroretinography, fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence imaging, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Results Homozygous variants in ARL2BP (NM_012106.3) were identified in two unrelated individuals with RP. The variants, c.207+1G>A and c.390+5G>A, at conserved splice donor sites for intron 3 and intron 5, respectively, were predicted to alter the pre-mRNA splicing of ARL2BP. RT-PCR spanning the affected introns revealed that both variants caused abnormal splicing of ARL2BP in samples from affected individuals. Conclusions This study identified two homozygous variants in ARL2BP as a rare cause of arRP. Further studies are required to define the underlying disease mechanism causing retinal degeneration as a result of mutations in ARL2BP and any phenotype-genotype correlation associated with residual levels of the wild-type transcript.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Yu
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Gavin Arno
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Stephanie Halford
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Suzanne Broadgate
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Michel Michaelides
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | - Keren J. Carss
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, NHS Blood and Transplant Centre, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR BioResource - Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - F. Lucy Raymond
- NIHR BioResource - Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Andrew R. Webster
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | - for the NIHR-BioResource Rare Diseases Consortium
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, NHS Blood and Transplant Centre, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR BioResource - Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Oxford Eye Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - the U.K. Inherited Retinal Dystrophy Consortium
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, NHS Blood and Transplant Centre, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR BioResource - Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Oxford Eye Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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28
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Copeland SJ, McRae A, Guarguaglini G, Trinkle-Mulcahy L, Copeland JW. Actin-dependent regulation of cilia length by the inverted formin FHDC1. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:1611-1627. [PMID: 29742020 PMCID: PMC6080654 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-02-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A primary cilium is found on most mammalian cells, where it acts as a cellular antenna for the reception of both mechanical and chemical signals. A variety of diseases are associated with defective ciliogenesis, reflecting the ubiquity of the function of cilia and the number of proteins required for their assembly. Proper cilia length is necessary for cilia signaling and is regulated through a poorly understood balance of assembly and disassembly rates. FHDC1 is a unique member of the formin family of cytoskeletal regulatory proteins. Overexpression of FHDC1 induces F-actin accumulation and microtubule stabilization and acetylation. We find that overexpression of FHDC1 also has profound effects on ciliogenesis; in most cells FHDC1 overexpression blocks cilia assembly, but the cilia that are present are immensely elongated. FHDC1-induced cilia growth requires the FHDC1 FH2 and microtubule-binding domain and results from F-actin-dependent inhibition of cilia disassembly. FHDC1 depletion, or treatment with a pan-formin inhibitor, inhibits cilia assembly and induces cilia resorption. Endogenous FHDC1 protein localizes to cytoplasmic microtubules converging on the base of the cilia, and we identify the subdistal appendage protein Cep170 as an FHDC1 interacting protein. Our results suggest that FHDC1 plays a role in coordinating cytoskeletal dynamics during normal cilia assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Copeland
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Andrea McRae
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Giulia Guarguaglini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Trinkle-Mulcahy
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - John W Copeland
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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29
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Moye AR, Singh R, Kimler VA, Dilan TL, Munezero D, Saravanan T, Goldberg AFX, Ramamurthy V. ARL2BP, a protein linked to retinitis pigmentosa, is needed for normal photoreceptor cilia doublets and outer segment structure. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:1590-1598. [PMID: 29718757 PMCID: PMC6080659 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-01-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The outer segment (OS) of photoreceptor cells is an elaboration of a primary cilium with organized stacks of membranous disks that contain the proteins needed for phototransduction and vision. Though ciliary formation and function has been well characterized, little is known about the role of cilia in the development of photoreceptor OS. Nevertheless, progress has been made by studying mutations in ciliary proteins, which often result in malformed OSs and lead to blinding diseases. To investigate how ciliary proteins contribute to OS formation, we generated a knockout (KO) mouse model for ARL2BP, a ciliary protein linked to retinitis pigmentosa. The KO mice display an early and progressive reduction in visual response. Before photoreceptor degeneration, we observed disorganization of the photoreceptor OS, with vertically aligned disks and shortened axonemes. Interestingly, ciliary doublet microtubule (MT) structure was also impaired, displaying open B-tubule doublets, paired with loss of singlet MTs. On the basis of results from this study, we conclude that ARL2BP is necessary for photoreceptor ciliary doublet formation and axoneme elongation, which is required for OS morphogenesis and vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail R Moye
- Department of Ophthalmology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506.,Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Ratnesh Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | | | - Tanya L Dilan
- Department of Ophthalmology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506.,Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Daniella Munezero
- Department of Ophthalmology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506.,Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | | | | | - Visvanathan Ramamurthy
- Department of Ophthalmology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506.,Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506.,Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
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30
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Jean F, Pilgrim D. Coordinating the uncoordinated: UNC119 trafficking in cilia. Eur J Cell Biol 2017; 96:643-652. [PMID: 28935136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Constructing the distinct subcellular environment of the cilium relies in a large part upon intraflagellar transport (IFT) proteins, which traffic cargo both to and within the cilium. However, evidence from the last 10 years suggests that IFT alone is not sufficient to generate the ciliary environment. One essential factor is UNC119, which interacts with known IFT molecular switches to transport ciliary cargos. Despite its apparent importance in ciliary trafficking though, human UNC119 mutations have only rarely been associated with diseases commonly linked with ciliopathies. This review will outline the trafficking pathways required for constructing the cilium by highlighting UNC119's role and the complexities involved in ciliary trafficking. Finally, despite important roles for UNC119 in cilia, UNC119 proteins also interact with non-ciliary proteins to affect other cellular processes.
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31
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Genetic characterization and disease mechanism of retinitis pigmentosa; current scenario. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:251. [PMID: 28721681 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0878-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa is a group of genetically transmitted disorders affecting 1 in 3000-8000 individual people worldwide ultimately affecting the quality of life. Retinitis pigmentosa is characterized as a heterogeneous genetic disorder which leads by progressive devolution of the retina leading to a progressive visual loss. It can occur in syndromic (with Usher syndrome and Bardet-Biedl syndrome) as well as non-syndromic nature. The mode of inheritance can be X-linked, autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive manner. To date 58 genes have been reported to associate with retinitis pigmentosa most of them are either expressed in photoreceptors or the retinal pigment epithelium. This review focuses on the disease mechanisms and genetics of retinitis pigmentosa. As retinitis pigmentosa is tremendously heterogeneous disorder expressing a multiplicity of mutations; different variations in the same gene might induce different disorders. In recent years, latest technologies including whole-exome sequencing contributing effectively to uncover the hidden genesis of retinitis pigmentosa by reporting new genetic mutations. In future, these advancements will help in better understanding the genotype-phenotype correlations of disease and likely to develop new therapies.
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Schwarz N, Lane A, Jovanovic K, Parfitt DA, Aguila M, Thompson CL, da Cruz L, Coffey PJ, Chapple JP, Hardcastle AJ, Cheetham ME. Arl3 and RP2 regulate the trafficking of ciliary tip kinesins. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:2480-2492. [PMID: 28444310 PMCID: PMC5808637 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciliary trafficking defects are the underlying cause of many ciliopathies, including Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP). Anterograde intraflagellar transport (IFT) is mediated by kinesin motor proteins; however, the function of the homodimeric Kif17 motor in cilia is poorly understood, whereas Kif7 is known to play an important role in stabilizing cilia tips. Here we identified the ciliary tip kinesins Kif7 and Kif17 as novel interaction partners of the small GTPase Arl3 and its regulatory GTPase activating protein (GAP) Retinitis Pigmentosa 2 (RP2). We show that Arl3 and RP2 mediate the localization of GFP-Kif17 to the cilia tip and competitive binding of RP2 and Arl3 with Kif17 complexes. RP2 and Arl3 also interact with another ciliary tip kinesin, Kif7, which is a conserved regulator of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. siRNA-mediated loss of RP2 or Arl3 reduced the level of Kif7 at the cilia tip. This was further validated by reduced levels of Kif7 at cilia tips detected in fibroblasts and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) 3D optic cups derived from a patient carrying an RP2 nonsense mutation c.519C > T (p.R120X), which lack detectable RP2 protein. Translational read-through inducing drugs (TRIDs), such as PTC124, were able to restore Kif7 levels at the ciliary tip of RP2 null cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that RP2 and Arl3 regulate the trafficking of specific kinesins to cilia tips and provide additional evidence that TRIDs could be clinically beneficial for patients with this retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Schwarz
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Amelia Lane
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | | | | | | | - Clare L. Thompson
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Lyndon da Cruz
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | | | - J. Paul Chapple
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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Audo I, El Shamieh S, Méjécase C, Michiels C, Demontant V, Antonio A, Condroyer C, Boyard F, Letexier M, Saraiva JP, Blanchard S, Mohand-Saïd S, Sahel JA, Zeitz C. ARL2BP mutations account for 0.1% of autosomal recessive rod-cone dystrophies with the report of a novel splice variant. Clin Genet 2017; 92:109-111. [PMID: 27790702 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel ARL2BP splice site mutation after whole-exome sequencing (WES) applied to a Moroccan family including two sisters affected with autosomal recessive rod-cone dystrophy (arRCD). Subsequent analysis of 844 index cases did not reveal further pathogenic chances in ARL2BP indicating that mutations in ARL2B are a rare cause of arRCD (about 0.1%) in a large cohort of French patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Audo
- Department of Genetics, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.,CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, DHU Sight Restore, INSERM-DHOS CIC1423, Paris, France.,University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - S El Shamieh
- Department of Genetics, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - C Méjécase
- Department of Genetics, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - C Michiels
- Department of Genetics, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - V Demontant
- Department of Genetics, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - A Antonio
- Department of Genetics, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.,CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, DHU Sight Restore, INSERM-DHOS CIC1423, Paris, France
| | - C Condroyer
- Department of Genetics, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - F Boyard
- Department of Genetics, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - S Mohand-Saïd
- Department of Genetics, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.,CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, DHU Sight Restore, INSERM-DHOS CIC1423, Paris, France
| | - J-A Sahel
- Department of Genetics, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.,CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, DHU Sight Restore, INSERM-DHOS CIC1423, Paris, France.,University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.,Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France.,Académie des Sciences-Institut de France, Paris, France
| | - C Zeitz
- Department of Genetics, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
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Francis JW, Turn RE, Newman LE, Schiavon C, Kahn RA. Higher order signaling: ARL2 as regulator of both mitochondrial fusion and microtubule dynamics allows integration of 2 essential cell functions. Small GTPases 2016; 7:188-196. [PMID: 27400436 PMCID: PMC5129891 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2016.1211069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ARL2 is among the most highly conserved proteins, predicted to be present in the last eukaryotic common ancestor, and ubiquitously expressed. Genetic screens in multiple model organisms identified ARL2, and its cytosolic binding partner cofactor D (TBCD), as important in tubulin folding and microtubule dynamics. Both ARL2 and TBCD also localize to centrosomes, making it difficult to dissect these effects. A growing body of evidence also has found roles for ARL2 inside mitochondria, as a regulator of mitochondrial fusion. Other studies have revealed roles for ARL2, in concert with its closest paralog ARL3, in the traffic of farnesylated cargos between membranes and specifically to cilia and photoreceptor cells. Details of each of these signaling processes continue to emerge. We summarize those data here and speculate about the potential for cross-talk or coordination of cell regulation, termed higher order signaling, based upon the use of a common GTPase in disparate cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W. Francis
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rachel E. Turn
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Laura E. Newman
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cara Schiavon
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard A. Kahn
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Ullah I, Kabir F, Iqbal M, Gottsch CBS, Naeem MA, Assir MZ, Khan SN, Akram J, Riazuddin S, Ayyagari R, Hejtmancik JF, Riazuddin SA. Pathogenic mutations in TULP1 responsible for retinitis pigmentosa identified in consanguineous familial cases. Mol Vis 2016; 22:797-815. [PMID: 27440997 PMCID: PMC4947966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify pathogenic mutations responsible for autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (arRP) in consanguineous familial cases. METHODS Seven large familial cases with multiple individuals diagnosed with retinitis pigmentosa were included in the study. Affected individuals in these families underwent ophthalmic examinations to document the symptoms and confirm the initial diagnosis. Blood samples were collected from all participating members, and genomic DNA was extracted. An exclusion analysis with microsatellite markers spanning the TULP1 locus on chromosome 6p was performed, and two-point logarithm of odds (LOD) scores were calculated. All coding exons along with the exon-intron boundaries of TULP1 were sequenced bidirectionally. We constructed a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) haplotype for the four familial cases harboring the K489R allele and estimated the likelihood of a founder effect. RESULTS The ophthalmic examinations of the affected individuals in these familial cases were suggestive of RP. Exclusion analyses confirmed linkage to chromosome 6p harboring TULP1 with positive two-point LOD scores. Subsequent Sanger sequencing identified the single base pair substitution in exon14, c.1466A>G (p.K489R), in four families. Additionally, we identified a two-base deletion in exon 4, c.286_287delGA (p.E96Gfs77*); a homozygous splice site variant in intron 14, c.1495+4A>C; and a novel missense variation in exon 15, c.1561C>T (p.P521S). All mutations segregated with the disease phenotype in the respective families and were absent in ethnically matched control chromosomes. Haplotype analysis suggested (p<10(-6)) that affected individuals inherited the causal mutation from a common ancestor. CONCLUSIONS Pathogenic mutations in TULP1 are responsible for the RP phenotype in seven familial cases with a common ancestral mutation responsible for the disease phenotype in four of the seven families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inayat Ullah
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Firoz Kabir
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Asif Naeem
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zaman Assir
- Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan,National Centre for Genetic Diseases, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shaheen N. Khan
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Javed Akram
- Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan,National Centre for Genetic Diseases, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sheikh Riazuddin
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan,Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan,National Centre for Genetic Diseases, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Radha Ayyagari
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - J. Fielding Hejtmancik
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - S. Amer Riazuddin
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Kabir F, Ullah I, Ali S, Gottsch AD, Naeem MA, Assir MZ, Khan SN, Akram J, Riazuddin S, Ayyagari R, Hejtmancik JF, Riazuddin SA. Loss of function mutations in RP1 are responsible for retinitis pigmentosa in consanguineous familial cases. Mol Vis 2016; 22:610-25. [PMID: 27307693 PMCID: PMC4901054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was undertaken to identify causal mutations responsible for autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (arRP) in consanguineous families. METHODS Large consanguineous families were ascertained from the Punjab province of Pakistan. An ophthalmic examination consisting of a fundus evaluation and electroretinography (ERG) was completed, and small aliquots of blood were collected from all participating individuals. Genomic DNA was extracted from white blood cells, and a genome-wide linkage or a locus-specific exclusion analysis was completed with polymorphic short tandem repeats (STRs). Two-point logarithm of odds (LOD) scores were calculated, and all coding exons and exon-intron boundaries of RP1 were sequenced to identify the causal mutation. RESULTS The ophthalmic examination showed that affected individuals in all families manifest cardinal symptoms of RP. Genome-wide scans localized the disease phenotype to chromosome 8q, a region harboring RP1, a gene previously implicated in the pathogenesis of RP. Sanger sequencing identified a homozygous single base deletion in exon 4: c.3697delT (p.S1233Pfs22*), a single base substitution in intron 3: c.787+1G>A (p.I263Nfs8*), a 2 bp duplication in exon 2: c.551_552dupTA (p.Q185Yfs4*) and an 11,117 bp deletion that removes all three coding exons of RP1. These variations segregated with the disease phenotype within the respective families and were not present in ethnically matched control samples. CONCLUSIONS These results strongly suggest that these mutations in RP1 are responsible for the retinal phenotype in affected individuals of all four consanguineous families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoz Kabir
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Inayat Ullah
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shahbaz Ali
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Asif Naeem
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zaman Assir
- Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan,National Centre for Genetic Diseases, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shaheen N. Khan
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Javed Akram
- Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan,National Centre for Genetic Diseases, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sheikh Riazuddin
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan,Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan,National Centre for Genetic Diseases, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Radha Ayyagari
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - J. Fielding Hejtmancik
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - S. Amer Riazuddin
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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37
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Sharon D, Kimchi A, Rivolta C. OR2W3 sequence variants are unlikely to cause inherited retinal diseases. Ophthalmic Genet 2016; 37:366-368. [PMID: 26891008 DOI: 10.3109/13816810.2015.1081252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Because of its formidable throughput, whole exome sequencing (WES) is significantly increasing the power of investigations in ophthalmic genetics. However, when applied to Mendelian conditions, WES results often contain many false positives, e.g. candidate mutations that are unrelated to the disease. For instance, highly polymorphic genes such as olfactory receptor genes carry a plethora of both common and rare alleles that are part of the normal set of variations of the human genome. Following a WES-based study, the heterozygous missense variant p.R142W in the olfactory receptor gene OR2W3 was recently reported as a pathogenic mutation causing autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RP). This variant, however, was not scored against data contained in public WES repositories, indicating that p.R142W is present in ~1 in 6500 control individuals. Therefore, if it really was pathogenic, it would be responsible for a percentage of dominant RP cases corresponding to the double of those recorded so far worldwide, or 2/3 of all RP cases (dominant, recessive, and X-linked). We therefore conclude that this sequence variant, and hence the OR2W3 gene, do not cause RP. Prompted by these findings and based on simple principles of population genetics, we suggest that WES studies should consider DNA variants as the possible cause of dominant RP only if they are present in less than 1:100,000 individuals from the general population. In addition, we propose that DNA variants belonging to highly polymorphic genes should be carefully analyzed at the functional level before inferring their pathogenicity, in RP or other genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dror Sharon
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Adva Kimchi
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Carlo Rivolta
- b Department of Computational Biology , Unit of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
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Othman MAK, Grygalewicz B, Pienkowska-Grela B, Rygier J, Ejduk A, Rincic M, Melo JB, Carreira IM, Meyer B, Liehr T. A novel IGH@ gene rearrangement associated with CDKN2A/ B deletion in young adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:2117-2122. [PMID: 26998132 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired copy number changes are common in acute leukemia. They are reported as recurrent amplifications or deletions (del), and may be indicative of involvement of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in acquired disease, as well as serving as potential biomarkers for prognosis or as targets for molecular therapy. The present study reported a gain of copy number of 14q13 to 14q32, leading to immunoglobulin heavy chain locus splitting in a young adult female. To the best of our knowledge, this rearrangement has not been previously reported in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Low resolution banding cytogenetics performed at the time of diagnosis revealed a normal karyotype. However, retrospective application of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) banding and locus-specific FISH probes, as well as multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and high resolution array-comparative genomic hybridization, revealed previously hidden aberrations. Overall, a karyotype of 46, XX, del(9) (p21.3 p21.3),derivative(14) (pter-> q32.33:: q32.33-> q13 ::q32.33-> qter) was determined. The patient was treated according to the Polish Adult Leukemia Group protocol and achieved complete remission. The results of the present study indicate that a favorable prognosis is associated with these aberrations when the aforementioned treatment is administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moneeb A K Othman
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena D-07740, Germany
| | - Beata Grygalewicz
- Cytogenetic Laboratory, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute, Warsaw 02-781, Poland
| | - Barbara Pienkowska-Grela
- Cytogenetic Laboratory, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute, Warsaw 02-781, Poland
| | - Jolanta Rygier
- Cytogenetic Laboratory, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute, Warsaw 02-781, Poland
| | - Anna Ejduk
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw 02-776, Poland
| | - Martina Rincic
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena D-07740, Germany; Croatian Institute of Brain Research, Zagreb 10000, Croatia, Germany
| | - Joana B Melo
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3001-401, Portugal; Research Centre for Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3001-401, Portugal, Germany
| | - Isabel M Carreira
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3001-401, Portugal; Research Centre for Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3001-401, Portugal, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Liehr
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena D-07740, Germany
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The Function of Arf-like Proteins ARL2 and ARL3 in Photoreceptors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 854:655-61. [PMID: 26427472 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17121-0_87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Arf-like proteins (ARLs) are ubiquitously expressed small G proteins of the RAS superfamily. In photoreceptors, ARL2 and ARL3 participate in the trafficking of lipidated membrane-associated proteins and colocalize in the inner segment with UNC119A and PDEδ. UNC119A and PDEδ are acyl- and prenyl-binding proteins, respectively, involved in trafficking of acylated (transducin-α subunit, nephrocystin NPHP3) and prenylated proteins (GRK1, PDE6). Germline Arl3 knockout mice do not survive beyond postnatal day 21 and display ciliary defects in multiple organs (kidney, liver and pancreas) as well as retinal degeneration. Conditional knockouts will be necessary to delineate mechanisms of protein transport in retina disease.
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40
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Zulliger R, Conley SM, Naash MI. Non-viral therapeutic approaches to ocular diseases: An overview and future directions. J Control Release 2015; 219:471-487. [PMID: 26439665 PMCID: PMC4699668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Currently there are no viable treatment options for patients with debilitating inherited retinal degeneration. The vast variability in disease-inducing mutations and resulting phenotypes has hampered the development of therapeutic interventions. Gene therapy is a logical approach, and recent work has focused on ways to optimize vector design and packaging to promote optimized expression and phenotypic rescue after intraocular delivery. In this review, we discuss ongoing ocular clinical trials, which currently use viral gene delivery, but focus primarily on new advancements in optimizing the efficacy of non-viral gene delivery for ocular diseases. Non-viral delivery systems are highly customizable, allowing functionalization to improve cellular and nuclear uptake, bypassing cellular degradative machinery, and improving gene expression in the nucleus. Non-viral vectors often yield transgene expression levels lower than viral counterparts, however their favorable safety/immune profiles and large DNA capacity (critical for the delivery of large ocular disease genes) make their further development a research priority. Recent work on particle coating and vector engineering presents exciting ways to overcome limitations of transient/low gene expression levels, but also highlights the fact that further refinements are needed before use in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel Zulliger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5060, United States
| | - Shannon M Conley
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Muna I Naash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5060, United States.
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41
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Lokaj M, Kösling SK, Koerner C, Lange SM, van Beersum SEC, van Reeuwijk J, Roepman R, Horn N, Ueffing M, Boldt K, Wittinghofer A. The Interaction of CCDC104/BARTL1 with Arl3 and Implications for Ciliary Function. Structure 2015; 23:2122-32. [PMID: 26455799 PMCID: PMC4635315 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cilia are small antenna-like cellular protrusions critical for many developmental signaling pathways. The ciliary protein Arl3 has been shown to act as a specific release factor for myristoylated and farnesylated ciliary cargo molecules by binding to the effectors Unc119 and PDE6δ. Here we describe a newly identified Arl3 binding partner, CCDC104/CFAP36. Biochemical and structural analyses reveal that the protein contains a BART-like domain and is called BARTL1. It recognizes an LLxILxxL motif at the N-terminal amphipathic helix of Arl3, which is crucial for the interaction with the BART-like domain but also for the ciliary localization of Arl3 itself. These results seem to suggest a ciliary role of BARTL1, and possibly link it to the Arl3 transport network. We thus speculate on a regulatory mechanism whereby BARTL1 aids the presentation of active Arl3 to its GTPase-activating protein RP2 or hinders Arl3 membrane binding in the area of the transition zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Lokaj
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Emeritus Group, Otto-Hahn-Straße 15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefanie K Kösling
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Emeritus Group, Otto-Hahn-Straße 15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carolin Koerner
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Emeritus Group, Otto-Hahn-Straße 15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sven M Lange
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Emeritus Group, Otto-Hahn-Straße 15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sylvia E C van Beersum
- Department of Human Genetics and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van Reeuwijk
- Department of Human Genetics and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald Roepman
- Department of Human Genetics and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicola Horn
- Medical Proteome Center, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Nägelestrasse 5, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Medical Proteome Center, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Nägelestrasse 5, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karsten Boldt
- Medical Proteome Center, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Nägelestrasse 5, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alfred Wittinghofer
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Emeritus Group, Otto-Hahn-Straße 15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
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Marfany G, Gonzàlez-Duarte R. Clinical applications of high-throughput genetic diagnosis in inherited retinal dystrophies: Present challenges and future directions. World J Med Genet 2015; 5:14-22. [DOI: 10.5496/wjmg.v5.i2.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques has greatly simplified the molecular diagnosis and gene identification in very rare and highly heterogeneous Mendelian disorders. Over the last two years, these approaches, especially whole exome sequencing (WES), alone or combined with homozygosity mapping and linkage analysis, have proved to be successful in the identification of more than 25 new causative retinal dystrophy genes. NGS-approaches have also identified a wealth of new mutations in previously reported genes and have provided more comprehensive information concerning the landscape of genotype-phenotype correlations and the genetic complexity/diversity of human control populations. Although whole genome sequencing is far more informative than WES, the functional meaning of the genetic variants identified by the latter can be more easily interpreted, and final diagnosis of inherited retinal dystrophies is extremely successful, reaching 80%, particularly for recessive cases. Even considering the present limitations of WES, the reductions in costs and time, the continual technical improvements, the implementation of refined bioinformatic tools and the unbiased comprehensive genetic information it provides, make WES a very promising diagnostic tool for routine clinical and genetic diagnosis in the future.
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Nash BM, Wright DC, Grigg JR, Bennetts B, Jamieson RV. Retinal dystrophies, genomic applications in diagnosis and prospects for therapy. Transl Pediatr 2015; 4:139-63. [PMID: 26835369 PMCID: PMC4729094 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2224-4336.2015.04.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal dystrophies (RDs) are degenerative diseases of the retina which have marked clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Common presentations among these disorders include night or colour blindness, tunnel vision and subsequent progression to complete blindness. The known causative disease genes have a variety of developmental and functional roles with mutations in more than 120 genes shown to be responsible for the phenotypes. In addition, mutations within the same gene have been shown to cause different disease phenotypes, even amongst affected individuals within the same family highlighting further levels of complexity. The known disease genes encode proteins involved in retinal cellular structures, phototransduction, the visual cycle, and photoreceptor structure or gene regulation. This review aims to demonstrate the high degree of genetic complexity in both the causative disease genes and their associated phenotypes, highlighting the more common clinical manifestation of retinitis pigmentosa (RP). The review also provides insight to recent advances in genomic molecular diagnosis and gene and cell-based therapies for the RDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Nash
- 1 Eye Genetics Research Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and Save Sight Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia ; 2 Sydney Genome Diagnostics, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia ; 3 Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dale C Wright
- 1 Eye Genetics Research Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and Save Sight Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia ; 2 Sydney Genome Diagnostics, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia ; 3 Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John R Grigg
- 1 Eye Genetics Research Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and Save Sight Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia ; 2 Sydney Genome Diagnostics, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia ; 3 Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bruce Bennetts
- 1 Eye Genetics Research Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and Save Sight Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia ; 2 Sydney Genome Diagnostics, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia ; 3 Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robyn V Jamieson
- 1 Eye Genetics Research Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and Save Sight Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia ; 2 Sydney Genome Diagnostics, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia ; 3 Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Ma X, Guan L, Wu W, Zhang Y, Zheng W, Gao YT, Long J, Wu N, Wu L, Xiang Y, Xu B, Shen M, Chen Y, Wang Y, Yin Y, Li Y, Xu H, Xu X, Li Y. Whole-exome sequencing identifies OR2W3 mutation as a cause of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9236. [PMID: 25783483 PMCID: PMC4363838 DOI: 10.1038/srep09236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a heterogeneous group of inherited ocular diseases, is a genetic condition that causes retinal degeneration and eventual vision loss. Though some genes have been identified to be associated with RP, still a large part of the clinical cases could not be explained. Here we reported a four-generation Chinese family with RP, during which 6 from 9 members of the second generation affected the disease. To identify the genetic defect in this family, whole-exome sequencing together with validation analysis by Sanger sequencing were performed to find possible pathogenic mutations. After a pipeline of database filtering, including public databases and in-house databases, a novel missense mutation, c. 424 C > T transition (p.R142W) in OR2W3 gene, was identified as a potentially causative mutation for autosomal dominant RP. The mutation co-segregated with the disease phenotype over four generations. This mutation was validated in another independent three-generation family. RT-PCR analysis also identified that OR2W3 gene was expressed in HESC-RPE cell line. The results will not only enhance our current understanding of the genetic basis of RP, but also provide helpful clues for designing future studies to further investigate genetic factors for familial RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Guan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Yanhua Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuewen Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Yin
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingrui Li
- 1] BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China [2] BGI-Tech, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yafei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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van Huet RAC, Siemiatkowska AM, Özgül RK, Yücel D, Hoyng CB, Banin E, Blumenfeld A, Rotenstreich Y, Riemslag FCC, den Hollander AI, Theelen T, Collin RWJ, van den Born LI, Klevering BJ. Retinitis pigmentosa caused by mutations in the ciliary MAK gene is relatively mild and is not associated with apparent extra-ocular features. Acta Ophthalmol 2015; 93:83-94. [PMID: 25385675 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Defects in MAK, encoding a protein localized to the photoreceptor connecting cilium, have recently been associated with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP). The aim of this study is to describe our detailed clinical observations in patients with MAK-associated RP, including an assessment of syndromic symptoms frequently observed in ciliopathies. METHODS In this international collaborative study, 11 patients carrying nonsense or missense mutations in MAK were clinically evaluated, including extensive assessment of the medical history, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, kinetic perimetry, electroretinography (ERG), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), autofluorescence imaging and fundus photography. Additionally, we used a questionnaire to evaluate the presence of syndromic features and tested the olfactory function. RESULTS MAK-associated RP is not associated with syndromic features, not even with subclinical dysfunction of the olfactory apparatus. All patients experienced typical RP symptoms of night blindness followed by visual field constriction. Symptoms initiated between childhood and the age of 43 (mean: 23 years). Although some patients experienced vision loss, the visual acuity remained normal in most patients. ERG and ophthalmoscopy revealed classic RP characteristics, and SD-OCT demonstrated thinning of the overall retina, outer nuclear layer and photoreceptor-pigment epithelium complex. CONCLUSION Nonsense and missense mutations in MAK give rise to a non-syndromic recessive RP phenotype without apparent extra-ocular features. When compared to other retinal ciliopathies, MAK-associated RP appears to be relatively mild and shows remarkable resemblance to RP1-associated RP, which could be explained by the close functional relation of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon A. C. van Huet
- Department of Ophthalmology; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Anna M. Siemiatkowska
- Department of Human Genetics; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Riza K. Özgül
- Institute of Child Health and Metabolism Unit; Department of Pediatrics; Hacettepe University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Didem Yücel
- Institute of Child Health and Metabolism Unit; Department of Pediatrics; Hacettepe University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Carel B. Hoyng
- Department of Ophthalmology; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Eyal Banin
- Department of Ophthalmology; Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Anat Blumenfeld
- Department of Ophthalmology; Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Ygal Rotenstreich
- Electrophysiology Clinic; Goldschleger Eye Research Institute; Tel Aviv University; Sheba Medical Centre; Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Frans C. C. Riemslag
- The Rotterdam Eye Hospital; Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Bartiméus, Institute for the Visually Handicapped; Zeist The Netherlands
| | - Anneke I. den Hollander
- Department of Ophthalmology; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Theelen
- Department of Ophthalmology; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Rob W. J. Collin
- Department of Human Genetics; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | | | - B. Jeroen Klevering
- Department of Ophthalmology; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
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Abstract
Humans and other vertebrates exhibit left-right (LR) asymmetric arrangement of the internal organs, and failure to establish normal LR asymmetry leads to internal laterality disorders, including situs inversus and heterotaxy. Situs inversus is complete mirror-imaged arrangement of the internal organs along LR axis, whereas heterotaxy is abnormal arrangement of the internal thoraco-abdominal organs across LR axis of the body, most of which are associated with complex cardiovascular malformations. Both disorders are genetically heterogeneous with reduced penetrance, presumably because of monogenic, polygenic or multifactorial causes. Research in genetics of LR asymmetry disorders has been extremely prolific over the past 17 years, and a series of loci and disease genes involved in situs inversus and heterotaxy have been described. The review highlights the classification, chromosomal abnormalities, pathogenic genes and the possible mechanism of human LR asymmetry disorders.
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Lazar CH, Mutsuddi M, Kimchi A, Zelinger L, Mizrahi-Meissonnier L, Marks-Ohana D, Boleda A, Ratnapriya R, Sharon D, Swaroop A, Banin E. Whole exome sequencing reveals GUCY2D as a major gene associated with cone and cone-rod dystrophy in Israel. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 56:420-30. [PMID: 25515582 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-15647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Israeli population has a unique genetic make-up, with a high prevalence of consanguineous marriages and autosomal recessive diseases. In rod-dominated phenotypes, disease-causing genes and mutations that differ from those identified in other populations often are incurred. We used whole exome sequencing (WES) to identify genetic defects in Israeli families with cone-dominated retinal phenotypes. METHODS Clinical analysis included family history, detailed ocular examination, visual function testing, and retinal imaging. Whole exome sequencing, followed by segregation analysis, was performed in 6 cone-dominated retinopathy families in which prior mutation analysis did not reveal the causative gene. Based on the WES findings, we screened 106 additional families with cone-dominated phenotypes. RESULTS The WES analysis revealed mutations in known retinopathy genes in five of the six families: two pathogenic mutations in the GUCY2D gene in three families, and one each in CDHR1 and C8orf37. Targeted screening of additional cone-dominated families led to identification of GUCY2D mutations in four other families, which included two highly probable novel disease-causing variants. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that GUCY2D is a major cause of autosomal dominant cone and cone-rod dystrophies in Israel; this is similar to other Caucasian populations and is in contrast with retinitis pigmentosa (primary rod disease), where the genetic make-up of the Israeli population is distinct from other ethnic groups. We also conclude that WES permits more comprehensive and rapid analyses that can be followed by targeted screens of larger samples to delineate the genetic structure of retinal disease in unique population cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla H Lazar
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States Molecular Biology Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano Sciences, Babes-Bolyai-University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mousumi Mutsuddi
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Adva Kimchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lina Zelinger
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Devorah Marks-Ohana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexis Boleda
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Rinki Ratnapriya
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Dror Sharon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anand Swaroop
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Eyal Banin
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Whole exome sequencing reveals genetic predisposition in a large family with retinitis pigmentosa. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:302487. [PMID: 25101269 PMCID: PMC4102027 DOI: 10.1155/2014/302487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing has become more widely used to reveal genetic defect in monogenic disorders. Retinitis pigmentosa (RP), the leading cause of hereditary blindness worldwide, has been attributed to more than 67 disease-causing genes. Due to the extreme genetic heterogeneity, using general molecular screening alone is inadequate for identifying genetic predispositions in susceptible individuals. In order to identify underlying mutation rapidly, we utilized next-generation sequencing in a four-generation Chinese family with RP. Two affected patients and an unaffected sibling were subjected to whole exome sequencing. Through bioinformatics analysis and direct sequencing confirmation, we identified p.R135W transition in the rhodopsin gene. The mutation was subsequently confirmed to cosegregate with the disease in the family. In this study, our results suggest that whole exome sequencing is a robust method in diagnosing familial hereditary disease.
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49
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Khateb S, Zelinger L, Mizrahi-Meissonnier L, Ayuso C, Koenekoop RK, Laxer U, Gross M, Banin E, Sharon D. A homozygous nonsense CEP250 mutation combined with a heterozygous nonsense C2orf71 mutation is associated with atypical Usher syndrome. J Med Genet 2014; 51:460-9. [PMID: 24780881 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Usher syndrome (USH) is a heterogeneous group of inherited retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) caused by mutations in at least 12 genes. Our aim is to identify additional USH-related genes. METHODS Clinical examination included visual acuity test, funduscopy and electroretinography. Genetic analysis included homozygosity mapping and whole exome sequencing (WES). RESULTS A combination of homozygosity mapping and WES in a large consanguineous family of Iranian Jewish origin revealed nonsense mutations in two ciliary genes: c.3289C>T (p.Q1097*) in C2orf71 and c.3463C>T (p.R1155*) in centrosome-associated protein CEP250 (C-Nap1). The latter has not been associated with any inherited disease and the c.3463C>T mutation was absent in control chromosomes. Patients who were double homozygotes had SNHL accompanied by early-onset and severe RP, while patients who were homozygous for the CEP250 mutation and carried a single mutant C2orf71 allele had SNHL with mild retinal degeneration. No ciliary structural abnormalities in the respiratory system were evident by electron microscopy analysis. CEP250 expression analysis of the mutant allele revealed the generation of a truncated protein lacking the NEK2-phosphorylation region. CONCLUSIONS A homozygous nonsense CEP250 mutation, in combination with a heterozygous C2orf71 nonsense mutation, causes an atypical form of USH, characterised by early-onset SNHL and a relatively mild RP. The severe retinal involvement in the double homozygotes indicates an additive effect caused by nonsense mutations in genes encoding ciliary proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Khateb
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lina Zelinger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Carmen Ayuso
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD), CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert K Koenekoop
- Departments of Human Genetics, Paediatric Surgery and Ophthalmology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Uri Laxer
- Department of Pulmonology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Menachem Gross
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eyal Banin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dror Sharon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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50
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Xie YA, Lee W, Cai C, Gambin T, Nõupuu K, Sujirakul T, Ayuso C, Jhangiani S, Muzny D, Boerwinkle E, Gibbs R, Greenstein VC, Lupski JR, Tsang SH, Allikmets R. New syndrome with retinitis pigmentosa is caused by nonsense mutations in retinol dehydrogenase RDH11. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:5774-80. [PMID: 24916380 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a genetically heterogeneous group of retinopathies that occur in both non-syndromic and syndromic forms, is caused by mutations in ∼100 genes. Although recent advances in next-generation sequencing have aided in the discovery of novel RP genes, a number of the underlying contributing genes and loci remain to be identified. We investigated three siblings, born to asymptomatic parents of Italian-American descent, who each presented with atypical RP with systemic features, including facial dysmorphologies, psychomotor developmental delays recognized since early childhood, learning disabilities and short stature. RP-associated ophthalmological findings included salt-and-pepper retinopathy, attenuation of the arterioles and generalized rod-cone dysfunction as determined by almost extinguished electroretinogram in 2 of 3 siblings. Atypical for RP features included mottled macula at an early age and peripapillary sparing of the retinal pigment epithelium. Whole-exome sequencing data, queried under a recessive model of inheritance, identified compound heterozygous stop mutations, c.C199T:p.R67* and c.C322T:p.R108*, in the retinol dehydrogenase 11 (RDH11) gene, resulting in a non-functional protein, in all affected children. In summary, deleterious mutations in RDH11, an important enzyme for vision-related and systemic retinoic acid metabolism, cause a new syndrome with RP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carmen Ayuso
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria-University Hospital Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, 28040 Spain and Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, 28040 Spain
| | | | - Donna Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Richard Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stephen H Tsang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rando Allikmets
- Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA,
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