1
|
Fanlo L, Gómez-González S, Rozalén C, Pérez-Núñez I, Sangrador I, Tomás-Daza L, Gautier EL, Usieto S, Rebollo E, Vila-Ubach M, Carcaboso AM, Javierre BM, Celià-Terrassa T, Lavarino C, Martí E, Le Dréau G. Neural crest-related NXPH1/α-NRXN signaling opposes neuroblastoma malignancy by inhibiting organotropic metastasis. Oncogene 2023:10.1038/s41388-023-02742-2. [PMID: 37301928 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02742-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a pediatric cancer that can present as low- or high-risk tumors (LR-NBs and HR-NBs), the latter group showing poor prognosis due to metastasis and strong resistance to current therapy. Whether LR-NBs and HR-NBs differ in the way they exploit the transcriptional program underlying their neural crest, sympatho-adrenal origin remains unclear. Here, we identified the transcriptional signature distinguishing LR-NBs from HR-NBs, which consists mainly of genes that belong to the core sympatho-adrenal developmental program and are associated with favorable patient prognosis and with diminished disease progression. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments revealed that the top candidate gene of this signature, Neurexophilin-1 (NXPH1), has a dual impact on NB cell behavior in vivo: whereas NXPH1 and its receptor α-NRXN1 promote NB tumor growth by stimulating cell proliferation, they conversely inhibit organotropic colonization and metastasis. As suggested by RNA-seq analyses, these effects might result from the ability of NXPH1/α-NRXN signalling to restrain the conversion of NB cells from an adrenergic state to a mesenchymal one. Our findings thus uncover a transcriptional module of the sympatho-adrenal program that opposes neuroblastoma malignancy by impeding metastasis, and pinpoint NXPH1/α-NRXN signaling as a promising target to treat HR-NBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Fanlo
- Department of Cells and Tissues, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/ Baldiri Reixac 10-15, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Soledad Gómez-González
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Catalina Rozalén
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iván Pérez-Núñez
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Sangrador
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Emmanuel L Gautier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm, UMR_S 1166), Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Susana Usieto
- Department of Cells and Tissues, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/ Baldiri Reixac 10-15, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Rebollo
- Molecular Imaging Platform, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/ Baldiri Reixac 10-15, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Vila-Ubach
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Angel M Carcaboso
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Biola M Javierre
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toni Celià-Terrassa
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cinzia Lavarino
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Elisa Martí
- Department of Cells and Tissues, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/ Baldiri Reixac 10-15, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gwenvael Le Dréau
- Department of Cells and Tissues, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/ Baldiri Reixac 10-15, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Viejo J, Cózar A, Quintana R, Martí E, Markelain G, Cabrera-Castro R, Arroyo GM, Montero E, Morales-Caselles C. Artisanal trawl fisheries as a sentinel of marine litter pollution. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 191:114882. [PMID: 37054479 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Systematic seafloor surveys are a highly desirable method of marine litter monitoring, but the high costs involved in seafloor sampling are not a trivial handicap. In the present work, we explore the opportunity provided by the artisanal trawling fisheries to obtain systematic data on marine litter in the Gulf of Cadiz between 2019 and 2021. We find that plastic was the most frequent material, with a prevalence of single-use and fishing-related items. Litter densities decreased with increasing distance to shore with a seasonal migration of the main litter hotspots. During pre-lockdown and post-lockdown stages derived from COVID-19, marine litter density decreased by 65 %, likely related to the decline in tourism and outdoor recreational activities. A continuous collaboration of 33 % of the local fleet would imply a removal of hundreds of thousands of items each year. The artisanal trawl fishing sector can play a unique role of monitoring marine litter on the seabed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josué Viejo
- Departamento de Biología, University of Cadiz, European University of the Seas (SEA-EU), Spain
| | - Andrés Cózar
- Departamento de Biología, University of Cadiz, European University of the Seas (SEA-EU), Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Spain
| | - Rocío Quintana
- Departamento de Biología, University of Cadiz, European University of the Seas (SEA-EU), Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Spain
| | - Elisa Martí
- Departamento de Biología, University of Cadiz, European University of the Seas (SEA-EU), Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Spain
| | - Gorka Markelain
- Departamento de Biología, University of Cadiz, European University of the Seas (SEA-EU), Spain
| | - Remedios Cabrera-Castro
- Departamento de Biología, University of Cadiz, European University of the Seas (SEA-EU), Spain
| | - Gonzalo M Arroyo
- Departamento de Biología, University of Cadiz, European University of the Seas (SEA-EU), Spain
| | | | - Carmen Morales-Caselles
- Departamento de Biología, University of Cadiz, European University of the Seas (SEA-EU), Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Centrosomes are the main microtubule-organizing centres, playing essential roles in the organization of the cytoskeleton during interphase, and in the mitotic spindle, which controls chromosome segregation, during cell division. Centrosomes also act as the basal body of cilia, regulating cilium length and affecting extracellular signal reception as well as the integration of intracellular signalling pathways. Centrosomes are self-replicative and duplicate once every cell cycle to generate two centrosomes. The core support structure of the centrosome consists of two molecularly distinct centrioles. The mother (mature) centriole exhibits accessory appendages and is surrounded by both pericentriolar material and centriolar satellites, structures that the daughter (immature) centriole lacks. In this Review, we discuss what is currently known about centrosome duplication, its dialogue with the cell cycle and the sequential acquisition of specific components during centriole maturation. We also describe our current understanding of the mature centriolar structures that are required to build a cilium. Altogether, the built-in centrosome asymmetries that stem from the two centrosomes inheriting molecularly different centrioles sets the foundation for cell division being an intrinsically asymmetric process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Blanco-Ameijeiras
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Pilar Lozano-Fernández
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Elisa Martí
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Matamoros-Angles A, Hervera A, Soriano J, Martí E, Carulla P, Llorens F, Nuvolone M, Aguzzi A, Ferrer I, Gruart A, Delgado-García JM, Del Río JA. Analysis of co-isogenic prion protein deficient mice reveals behavioral deficits, learning impairment, and enhanced hippocampal excitability. BMC Biol 2022; 20:17. [PMID: 35027047 PMCID: PMC8759182 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cellular prion protein (PrPC) is a cell surface GPI-anchored protein, usually known for its role in the pathogenesis of human and animal prionopathies. However, increasing knowledge about the participation of PrPC in prion pathogenesis contrasts with puzzling data regarding its natural physiological role. PrPC is expressed in a number of tissues, including at high levels in the nervous system, especially in neurons and glial cells, and while previous studies have established a neuroprotective role, conflicting evidence for a synaptic function has revealed both reduced and enhanced long-term potentiation, and variable observations on memory, learning, and behavior. Such evidence has been confounded by the absence of an appropriate knock-out mouse model to dissect the biological relevance of PrPC, with some functions recently shown to be misattributed to PrPC due to the presence of genetic artifacts in mouse models. Here we elucidate the role of PrPC in the hippocampal circuitry and its related functions, such as learning and memory, using a recently available strictly co-isogenic Prnp0/0 mouse model (PrnpZH3/ZH3). Results We performed behavioral and operant conditioning tests to evaluate memory and learning capabilities, with results showing decreased motility, impaired operant conditioning learning, and anxiety-related behavior in PrnpZH3/ZH3 animals. We also carried in vivo electrophysiological recordings on CA3-CA1 synapses in living behaving mice and monitored spontaneous neuronal firing and network formation in primary neuronal cultures of PrnpZH3/ZH3 vs wildtype mice. PrPC absence enhanced susceptibility to high-intensity stimulations and kainate-induced seizures. However, long-term potentiation (LTP) was not enhanced in the PrnpZH3/ZH3 hippocampus. In addition, we observed a delay in neuronal maturation and network formation in PrnpZH3/ZH3 cultures. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that PrPC promotes neuronal network formation and connectivity. PrPC mediates synaptic function and protects the synapse from excitotoxic insults. Its deletion may underlie an epileptogenic-susceptible brain that fails to perform highly cognitive-demanding tasks such as associative learning and anxiety-like behaviors. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01203-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Matamoros-Angles
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERNED (Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute of Health Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Hervera
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERNED (Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute of Health Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Soriano
- Departament de Física de la Materia Condensada, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Martí
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Bioinformatics and Genomics, Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Carulla
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERNED (Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute of Health Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Llorens
- CIBERNED (Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute of Health Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Neurology, University Medical School, Göttingen, Germany.,Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Nuvolone
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Amyloidosis Center, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - A Aguzzi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - I Ferrer
- CIBERNED (Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute of Health Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Senior Consultant, Bellvitge University Hospital, IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Centre), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Gruart
- Division of Neurosciences, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - J M Delgado-García
- Division of Neurosciences, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013, Seville, Spain.
| | - J A Del Río
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBERNED (Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute of Health Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
The neural tube in amniotic embryos forms as a result of two consecutive events along the anteroposterior axis, referred to as primary and secondary neurulation (PN and SN). While PN involves the invagination of a sheet of epithelial cells, SN shapes the caudal neural tube through the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) of neuromesodermal progenitors, followed by cavitation of the medullary cord. The technical difficulties in studying SN mainly involve the challenge of labeling and manipulating SN cells in vivo. Here we describe a new method to follow MET during SN in the chick embryo, combining early in ovo chick electroporation with in vivo time-lapse imaging. This procedure allows the cells undergoing SN to be manipulated in order to investigate the MET process, permitting their cell dynamics to be followed in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gonzalez-Gobartt
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillaume Allio
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Bertrand Bénazéraf
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Elisa Martí
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Saade M, Ferrero DS, Blanco-Ameijeiras J, Gonzalez-Gobartt E, Flores-Mendez M, Ruiz-Arroyo VM, Martínez-Sáez E, Ramón Y Cajal S, Akizu N, Verdaguer N, Martí E. Multimerization of Zika Virus-NS5 Causes Ciliopathy and Forces Premature Neurogenesis. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 27:920-936.e8. [PMID: 33147489 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZikV) is a flavivirus that infects neural tissues, causing congenital microcephaly. ZikV has evolved multiple mechanisms to restrict proliferation and enhance cell death, although the underlying cellular events involved remain unclear. Here we show that the ZikV-NS5 protein interacts with host proteins at the base of the primary cilia in neural progenitor cells, causing an atypical non-genetic ciliopathy and premature neuron delamination. Furthermore, in human microcephalic fetal brain tissue, ZikV-NS5 persists at the base of the motile cilia in ependymal cells, which also exhibit a severe ciliopathy. Although the enzymatic activity of ZikV-NS5 appears to be dispensable, the amino acids Y25, K28, and K29 that are involved in NS5 oligomerization are essential for localization and interaction with components of the cilium base, promoting ciliopathy and premature neurogenesis. These findings lay the foundation for therapies that target ZikV-NS5 multimerization and prevent the developmental malformations associated with congenital Zika syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Saade
- Developmental Biology Department, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Diego S Ferrero
- Structural Biology Department, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - José Blanco-Ameijeiras
- Developmental Biology Department, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Elena Gonzalez-Gobartt
- Developmental Biology Department, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Marco Flores-Mendez
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Victor M Ruiz-Arroyo
- Structural Biology Department, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Elena Martínez-Sáez
- Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Santiago Ramón Y Cajal
- Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Naiara Akizu
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nuria Verdaguer
- Structural Biology Department, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Elisa Martí
- Developmental Biology Department, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cerezuela P, García Escobar I, Salgado M, Molina R, Araújo A, Horváth E, Porta-Balanya R, Benitez Montanez J, Lobo de Mena M, Font C, Martí E, Garicano F, Campos Balea B, Martínez de Castro E, Malheiro M, Costa A, Colomé E, Castellón Rubio V, Gallardo E, Trujillo Santos J. 1823P Characterization of thrombosis risk in patients with cancer: Preliminary results. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
8
|
Najas S, Pijuan I, Esteve-Codina A, Usieto S, Martinez JD, Zwijsen A, Arbonés ML, Martí E, Le Dréau G. A SMAD1/5-YAP signalling module drives radial glia self-amplification and growth of the developing cerebral cortex. Development 2020; 147:dev.187005. [PMID: 32541003 DOI: 10.1242/dev.187005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The growth and evolutionary expansion of the cerebral cortex are defined by the spatial-temporal production of neurons, which itself depends on the decision of radial glial cells (RGCs) to self-amplify or to switch to neurogenic divisions. The mechanisms regulating these RGC fate decisions are still incompletely understood. Here, we describe a novel and evolutionarily conserved role of the canonical BMP transcription factors SMAD1/5 in controlling neurogenesis and growth during corticogenesis. Reducing the expression of both SMAD1 and SMAD5 in neural progenitors at early mouse cortical development caused microcephaly and an increased production of early-born cortical neurons at the expense of late-born ones, which correlated with the premature differentiation and depletion of the pool of cortical progenitors. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments performed during early cortical neurogenesis in the chick revealed that SMAD1/5 activity supports self-amplifying RGC divisions and restrains the neurogenic ones. Furthermore, we demonstrate that SMAD1/5 stimulate RGC self-amplification through the positive post-transcriptional regulation of the Hippo signalling effector YAP. We anticipate this SMAD1/5-YAP signalling module to be fundamental in controlling growth and evolution of the amniote cerebral cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Najas
- Department of Developmental Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/ Baldiri Reixac 10-15, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Pijuan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/ Baldiri Reixac 10-15, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Esteve-Codina
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Usieto
- Department of Developmental Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/ Baldiri Reixac 10-15, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan D Martinez
- Department of Developmental Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/ Baldiri Reixac 10-15, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - An Zwijsen
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Maria L Arbonés
- Department of Developmental Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/ Baldiri Reixac 10-15, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Martí
- Department of Developmental Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/ Baldiri Reixac 10-15, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gwenvael Le Dréau
- Department of Developmental Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/ Baldiri Reixac 10-15, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Characterization of the color of the plastic is often included in studies on plastic pollution. However, the comparability and relevance of this information is limited by methodology or observer subjectivity. Based on the analysis of thousands of floating plastic fragments from a global collection, here we propose a systematic semiautomatic method to analyze colors by using a reference palette of 120 Pantone colors. The most abundant colors were white and transparent/translucent (47%), yellow and brown (26%), and blue-like (9%). The white color increased in the smallest pieces (<5 mm) and far from coastal sources (>500 km). Both fragmentation and discolouration of ocean plastics may occur because of longer exposure time to sunlight in nature. In addition, yellow items peaked at around 1 cm and brown colors at around 1 mm, supporting the notion that yellowing precedes tanning in the aging process, which is paralleled by fragmentation. Apart from the effects of the weathering, our results suggest a second-order modulation of the color distributions of marine microplastics by the selective action of visual predators. The present work provides methodological tools and a wide empirical background to further the interpretation and applicability of the color information on ocean plastics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Martí
- Departamento de Biología, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Marinas (INMAR), Universidad de Cádiz, E-11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Cecilia Martin
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Red Sea Research Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Matteo Galli
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Fidel Echevarría
- Departamento de Biología, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Marinas (INMAR), Universidad de Cádiz, E-11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Carlos M Duarte
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Red Sea Research Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrés Cózar
- Departamento de Biología, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Marinas (INMAR), Universidad de Cádiz, E-11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pascual-Benito M, Nadal-Sala D, Tobella M, Ballesté E, García-Aljaro C, Sabaté S, Sabater F, Martí E, Gracia CA, Blanch AR, Lucena F. Modelling the seasonal impacts of a wastewater treatment plant on water quality in a Mediterranean stream using microbial indicators. J Environ Manage 2020; 261:110220. [PMID: 32148290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Faecal pollution modelling is a valuable tool to evaluate and improve water management strategies, especially in a context of water scarcity. The reduction dynamics of five faecal indicator organisms (E. coli, spores of sulphite-reducing clostridia, somatic coliphages, GA17 bacteriophages and a human-specific Bifidobacterium molecular marker) were assessed in an intermittent Mediterranean stream affected by a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Using Bayesian inverse modelling, the decay rates of each indicator were correlated with two environmental drivers (temperature and streamflow downstream of the WWTP) and the generated model was used to evaluate the self-depuration distance (SDD) of the stream. A consistent increase of 1-2 log10 in the concentration of all indicators was detected after the discharge of the WWTP effluent. The decay rates showed seasonal variation, reaching a maximum in the dry season, when SDDs were also shorter and the stream had a higher capacity to self-depurate. High seasonality was observed for all faecal indicators except for the spores of sulphite-reducing clostridia. The maximum SDD ranged from 3 km for the spores of sulphite-reducing clostridia during the dry season and 15 km for the human-specific Bifidobacterium molecular marker during the wet season. The SDD provides a single standardized metric that integrates and compares different contamination indicators. It could be extended to other Mediterranean drainage basins and has the potential to integrate changes in land use and catchment water balance, a feature that will be especially useful in the transient climate conditions expected in the coming years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Pascual-Benito
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; The Water Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Montalegre 6, 08001, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - D Nadal-Sala
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; IMK-IFU (Karlsruhe Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research-Atmospheric Environmental Research), Kreuzeckbahnstraße 19, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - M Tobella
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Ballesté
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; The Water Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Montalegre 6, 08001, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C García-Aljaro
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; The Water Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Montalegre 6, 08001, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Sabaté
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; CREAF (Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications), 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - F Sabater
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; CREAF (Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications), 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - E Martí
- Integrative Freshwater Ecology Group, Centre for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), 17300, Blanes, Spain
| | - C A Gracia
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; CREAF (Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications), 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - A R Blanch
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; The Water Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Montalegre 6, 08001, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Lucena
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; The Water Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Montalegre 6, 08001, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Isobe A, Buenaventura NT, Chastain S, Chavanich S, Cózar A, DeLorenzo M, Hagmann P, Hinata H, Kozlovskii N, Lusher AL, Martí E, Michida Y, Mu J, Ohno M, Potter G, Ross PS, Sagawa N, Shim WJ, Song YK, Takada H, Tokai T, Torii T, Uchida K, Vassillenko K, Viyakarn V, Zhang W. An interlaboratory comparison exercise for the determination of microplastics in standard sample bottles. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 146:831-837. [PMID: 31426225 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An interlaboratory comparison exercise was conducted to assess the consistency of microplastic quantification across several laboratories. The test samples were prepared by mixing one liter seawater free of plastics, microplastics made from polypropylene, high- and low-density polyethylene, and artificial particles in two plastic bottles, and analyzed concurrently in 12 experienced laboratories around the world. The minimum requirements to quantify microplastics were examined by comparing actual numbers of microplastics in these sample bottles with numbers measured in each laboratory. The uncertainty was due to pervasive errors derived from inaccuracies in measuring sizes and/or misidentification of microplastics, including both false recognition and overlooking. The size distribution of microplastics should be smoothed using a running mean with a length of >0.5 mm to reduce uncertainty to less than ±20%. The number of microplastics <1 mm was underestimated by 20% even when using the best practice for measuring microplastics in laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiko Isobe
- Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan.
| | | | - Stephen Chastain
- Coastal Ocean Research Institute/Ocean Wise Conservation Association, P.O. Box 3232, Vancouver, BC V6B 3X2, Canada
| | - Suchana Chavanich
- Chulalongkorn University, Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Andrés Cózar
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Marinas, E-11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Marie DeLorenzo
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, 219 Fort Johnson Rd., Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Pascal Hagmann
- Association Oceaneye, Rue de Montbrillant 30, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Nikolai Kozlovskii
- Pacific Geographical Institute, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Radio 7, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Amy L Lusher
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisa Martí
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Marinas, E-11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Yutaka Michida
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8564, Japan
| | - Jingli Mu
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Linghe Street 42, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Motomichi Ohno
- Institute of Environmental Informatics, IDEA Consultants, Inc., 2-2-2 Hayabuchi, Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama 224-0025, Japan
| | - Gael Potter
- Association Oceaneye, Rue de Montbrillant 30, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Peter S Ross
- Coastal Ocean Research Institute/Ocean Wise Conservation Association, P.O. Box 3232, Vancouver, BC V6B 3X2, Canada
| | - Nao Sagawa
- Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Won Joon Shim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje-shi 53201, South Korea
| | - Young Kyoung Song
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje-shi 53201, South Korea
| | - Hideshige Takada
- Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tadashi Tokai
- Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Takaaki Torii
- Institute of Environmental Ecology, IDEA Consultants, Inc., 1334-5 Riemon, Yaizu 421-0212, Japan
| | - Keiichi Uchida
- Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Katerina Vassillenko
- Coastal Ocean Research Institute/Ocean Wise Conservation Association, P.O. Box 3232, Vancouver, BC V6B 3X2, Canada
| | - Voranop Viyakarn
- Chulalongkorn University, Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Linghe Street 42, Dalian 116023, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Garreta E, Prado P, Tarantino C, Oria R, Fanlo L, Martí E, Zalvidea D, Trepat X, Roca-Cusachs P, Gavaldà-Navarro A, Cozzuto L, Campistol JM, Izpisúa Belmonte JC, Hurtado Del Pozo C, Montserrat N. Fine tuning the extracellular environment accelerates the derivation of kidney organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Mater 2019; 18:397-405. [PMID: 30778227 PMCID: PMC9845070 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0287-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The generation of organoids is one of the biggest scientific advances in regenerative medicine. Here, by lengthening the time that human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) were exposed to a three-dimensional microenvironment, and by applying defined renal inductive signals, we generated kidney organoids that transcriptomically matched second-trimester human fetal kidneys. We validated these results using ex vivo and in vitro assays that model renal development. Furthermore, we developed a transplantation method that utilizes the chick chorioallantoic membrane. This approach created a soft in vivo microenvironment that promoted the growth and differentiation of implanted kidney organoids, as well as providing a vascular component. The stiffness of the in ovo chorioallantoic membrane microenvironment was recapitulated in vitro by fabricating compliant hydrogels. These biomaterials promoted the efficient generation of renal vesicles and nephron structures, demonstrating that a soft environment accelerates the differentiation of hPSC-derived kidney organoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Garreta
- Pluripotency for Organ Regeneration, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Prado
- Pluripotency for Organ Regeneration, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Tarantino
- Pluripotency for Organ Regeneration, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Oria
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucia Fanlo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Martí
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dobryna Zalvidea
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Madrid, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix Gavaldà-Navarro
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luca Cozzuto
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Carmen Hurtado Del Pozo
- Pluripotency for Organ Regeneration, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Montserrat
- Pluripotency for Organ Regeneration, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Madrid, Spain.
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Embryonic development of the central nervous system (CNS) requires the proliferation of neural progenitor cells to be tightly regulated, allowing the formation of an organ with the right size and shape. This includes regulation of both the spatial distribution of mitosis and the mode of cell division. The centrosome, which is the main microtubule-organizing centre of animal cells, contributes to both of these processes. Here, we discuss the impact that centrosome-mediated control of cell division has on the shape of the overall growing CNS. We also review the intrinsic properties of the centrosome, both in terms of its molecular composition and its signalling capabilities, and discuss the fascinating notion that intrinsic centrosomal asymmetries in dividing neural progenitor cells are instructive for neurogenesis. Finally, we discuss the genetic links between centrosome dysfunction during development and the aetiology of microcephaly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Saade
- Department of Developmental Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Jose Blanco-Ameijeiras
- Department of Developmental Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Elena Gonzalez-Gobartt
- Department of Developmental Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Elisa Martí
- Department of Developmental Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tank JL, Martí E, Riis T, Schiller D, Reisinger AJ, Dodds WK, Whiles MR, Ashkenas LR, Bowden WB, Collins SM, Crenshaw CL, Crowl TA, Griffiths NA, Grimm NB, Hamilton SK, Johnson SL, McDowell WH, Norman BM, Rosi EJ, Simon KS, Thomas SA, Webster JR. Partitioning assimilatory nitrogen uptake in streams: an analysis of stable isotope tracer additions across continents. ECOL MONOGR 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Tank
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana 46656 USA
| | - E. Martí
- Integrative Freshwater Ecology Group Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB‐CSIC) 17300 Blanes Catalonia Spain
| | - T. Riis
- Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Ole Worms Alle 1 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - D. Schiller
- Faculty of Science and Technology University of the Basque Country 48080 Bilbao Spain
| | - A. J. Reisinger
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Millbrook New York 12545 USA
| | - W. K. Dodds
- Division of Biology Kansas State University 106 Ackert Hall Manhattan Kansas 66506 USA
| | - M. R. Whiles
- Department of Zoology and Center for Ecology Southern Illinois University Carbondale Illinois 62901 USA
| | - L. R. Ashkenas
- Department of Fisheries & Wildlife Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
| | - W. B. Bowden
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources University of Vermont 303D Aiken Center Burlington Vermont 05405 USA
| | - S. M. Collins
- Center for Limnology University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
| | - C. L. Crenshaw
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 USA
| | - T. A. Crowl
- Department of Biology Southeast Environmental Research Center Florida International University Miami Florida 33199 USA
| | - N. A. Griffiths
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA
| | - N. B. Grimm
- School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287 USA
| | - S. K. Hamilton
- W. K. Kellogg Biological Station Michigan State University Hickory Corners Michigan 49060 USA
| | - S. L. Johnson
- Pacific Northwest Research Station USDA Forest Service 3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
| | - W. H. McDowell
- Natural Resources and the Environment University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire 03824 USA
| | - B. M. Norman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan 48824 USA
| | - E. J. Rosi
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Millbrook New York 12545 USA
| | - K. S. Simon
- School of Environment University of Auckland P.O. Box 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - S. A. Thomas
- School of Natural Resources University of Nebraska 403 Hardin Hall Lincoln Nebraska 68583 USA
| | - J. R. Webster
- Department of Biological Sciences Virginia Tech 1405 Perry Street Blacksburg Virginia 24601 USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Dale
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Martí
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Saade M, Gonzalez-Gobartt E, Escalona R, Usieto S, Martí E. Shh-mediated centrosomal recruitment of PKA promotes symmetric proliferative neuroepithelial cell division. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:493-503. [PMID: 28446817 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tight control of the balance between self-expanding symmetric and self-renewing asymmetric neural progenitor divisions is crucial to regulate the number of cells in the developing central nervous system. We recently demonstrated that Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signalling is required for the expansion of motor neuron progenitors by maintaining symmetric divisions. Here we show that activation of Shh/Gli signalling in dividing neuroepithelial cells controls the symmetric recruitment of PKA to the centrosomes that nucleate the mitotic spindle, maintaining symmetric proliferative divisions. Notably, Shh signalling upregulates the expression of pericentrin, which is required to dock PKA to the centrosomes, which in turn exerts a positive feedback onto Shh signalling. Thus, by controlling centrosomal protein assembly, we propose that Shh signalling overcomes the intrinsic asymmetry at the centrosome during neuroepithelial cell division, thereby promoting self-expanding symmetric divisions and the expansion of the progenitor pool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Saade
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, ParcCientífic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Elena Gonzalez-Gobartt
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, ParcCientífic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Rene Escalona
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, ParcCientífic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Susana Usieto
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, ParcCientífic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Elisa Martí
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, ParcCientífic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cózar A, Martí E, Duarte CM, García-de-Lomas J, van Sebille E, Ballatore TJ, Eguíluz VM, González-Gordillo JI, Pedrotti ML, Echevarría F, Troublè R, Irigoien X. The Arctic Ocean as a dead end for floating plastics in the North Atlantic branch of the Thermohaline Circulation. Sci Adv 2017; 3:e1600582. [PMID: 28439534 PMCID: PMC5397136 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The subtropical ocean gyres are recognized as great marine accummulation zones of floating plastic debris; however, the possibility of plastic accumulation at polar latitudes has been overlooked because of the lack of nearby pollution sources. In the present study, the Arctic Ocean was extensively sampled for floating plastic debris from the Tara Oceans circumpolar expedition. Although plastic debris was scarce or absent in most of the Arctic waters, it reached high concentrations (hundreds of thousands of pieces per square kilometer) in the northernmost and easternmost areas of the Greenland and Barents seas. The fragmentation and typology of the plastic suggested an abundant presence of aged debris that originated from distant sources. This hypothesis was corroborated by the relatively high ratios of marine surface plastic to local pollution sources. Surface circulation models and field data showed that the poleward branch of the Thermohaline Circulation transfers floating debris from the North Atlantic to the Greenland and Barents seas, which would be a dead end for this plastic conveyor belt. Given the limited surface transport of the plastic that accumulated here and the mechanisms acting for the downward transport, the seafloor beneath this Arctic sector is hypothesized as an important sink of plastic debris.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Cózar
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar, E-11510 Puerto Real, Spain
- Corresponding author.
| | - Elisa Martí
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar, E-11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Carlos M. Duarte
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Red Sea Research Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Arctic Research Centre, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Allé 8, DK-8000 Århus C, Denmark
| | - Juan García-de-Lomas
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar, E-11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Erik van Sebille
- Grantham Institute and Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thomas J. Ballatore
- Lake Basin Action Network, Moriyama 524-0063, Japan
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Victor M. Eguíluz
- Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos (CSIC-UIB), E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - J. Ignacio González-Gordillo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar, E-11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Maria L. Pedrotti
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Universitè Paris 06, CNRS UMR 7076, Laboratoire d’oceanographie de Villefranche, Villefranque-sur-mer, France
| | - Fidel Echevarría
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar, E-11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | | | - Xabier Irigoien
- AZTI–Marine Research, Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia (Gipuzkoa), Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pedrotti ML, Petit S, Elineau A, Bruzaud S, Crebassa JC, Dumontet B, Martí E, Gorsky G, Cózar A. Changes in the Floating Plastic Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea in Relation to the Distance to Land. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161581. [PMID: 27556233 PMCID: PMC4996504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition, size distribution, and abundance of floating plastic debris in surface waters of the Mediterranean Sea were analyzed in relation to distance to land. We combined data from previously published reports with an intensive sampling in inshore waters of the Northwestern Mediterranean. The highest plastic concentrations were found in regions distant from from land as well as in the first kilometer adjacent to the coastline. In this nearshore water strip, plastic concentrations were significantly correlated with the nearness to a coastal human population, with local areas close to large human settlements showing hundreds of thousands of plastic pieces per km2. The ratio of plastic to plankton abundance reached particularly high values for the coastal surface waters. Polyethylene, polypropylene and polyamides were the predominant plastic polymers at all distances from coast (86 to 97% of total items), although the diversity of polymers was higher in the 1-km coastal water strip due to a higher frequency of polystyrene or polyacrylic fibers. The plastic size distributions showed a gradual increase in abundance toward small sizes indicating an efficient removal of small plastics from the surface. Nevertheless, the relative abundance of small fragments (< 2 mm) was higher within the 1-km coastal water strip, suggesting a rapid fragmentation down along the shoreline, likely related with the washing ashore on the beaches. This study constitutes a first attempt to determine the impact of plastic debris in areas closest to Mediterranean coast. The presence of a high concentration of plastic including tiny plastic items could have significant environmental, health and economic impacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luiza Pedrotti
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7093, LOV, Villefranche sur mer, France
- CNRS, UMR 7093, LOV, Villefranche sur mer, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Stéphanie Petit
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7093, LOV, Villefranche sur mer, France
- CNRS, UMR 7093, LOV, Villefranche sur mer, France
| | - Amanda Elineau
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7093, LOV, Villefranche sur mer, France
- CNRS, UMR 7093, LOV, Villefranche sur mer, France
| | - Stéphane Bruzaud
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Matériaux de Bretagne, Université de Bretagne-Sud, Rue de Saint Maudé, 56321, Lorient Cedex, France
| | | | - Bruno Dumontet
- Expédition MED, 4 Allée des Avettes C.P., 56230, Questembert, France
| | - Elisa Martí
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar, E-11510, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Gabriel Gorsky
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7093, LOV, Villefranche sur mer, France
- CNRS, UMR 7093, LOV, Villefranche sur mer, France
| | - Andrés Cózar
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar, E-11510, Puerto Real, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rabadán MA, Herrera A, Fanlo L, Usieto S, Carmona-Fontaine C, Barriga EH, Mayor R, Pons S, Martí E. Delamination of neural crest cells requires transient and reversible Wnt inhibition mediated by Dact1/2. Development 2016; 143:2194-205. [PMID: 27122165 DOI: 10.1242/dev.134981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Delamination of neural crest (NC) cells is a bona fide physiological model of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process that is influenced by Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Using two in vivo models, we show that Wnt/β-catenin signalling is transiently inhibited at the time of NC delamination. In attempting to define the mechanism underlying this inhibition, we found that the scaffold proteins Dact1 and Dact2, which are expressed in pre-migratory NC cells, are required for NC delamination in Xenopus and chick embryos, whereas they do not affect the motile properties of migratory NC cells. Dact1/2 inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signalling upstream of the transcriptional activity of T cell factor (TCF), which is required for EMT to proceed. Dact1/2 regulate the subcellular distribution of β-catenin, preventing β-catenin from acting as a transcriptional co-activator to TCF, yet without affecting its stability. Together, these data identify a novel yet important regulatory element that inhibits β-catenin signalling, which then affects NC delamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Angeles Rabadán
- Department of Developmental Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/ Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Antonio Herrera
- Department of Cell Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Lucia Fanlo
- Department of Developmental Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/ Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Susana Usieto
- Department of Developmental Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/ Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Carlos Carmona-Fontaine
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Elias H Barriga
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sebastián Pons
- Department of Cell Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Elisa Martí
- Department of Developmental Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/ Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cózar A, Sanz-Martín M, Martí E, González-Gordillo JI, Ubeda B, Gálvez JÁ, Irigoien X, Duarte CM. Plastic accumulation in the Mediterranean sea. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121762. [PMID: 25831129 PMCID: PMC4382178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Concentrations of floating plastic were measured throughout the Mediterranean Sea to assess whether this basin can be regarded as a great accumulation region of plastic debris. We found that the average density of plastic (1 item per 4 m2), as well as its frequency of occurrence (100% of the sites sampled), are comparable to the accumulation zones described for the five subtropical ocean gyres. Plastic debris in the Mediterranean surface waters was dominated by millimeter-sized fragments, but showed a higher proportion of large plastic objects than that present in oceanic gyres, reflecting the closer connection with pollution sources. The accumulation of floating plastic in the Mediterranean Sea (between 1,000 and 3,000 tons) is likely related to the high human pressure together with the hydrodynamics of this semi-enclosed basin, with outflow mainly occurring through a deep water layer. Given the biological richness and concentration of economic activities in the Mediterranean Sea, the affects of plastic pollution on marine and human life are expected to be particularly frequent in this plastic accumulation region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Cózar
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar, E-11510, Puerto Real, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Marina Sanz-Martín
- Department of Global Change Research, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, Miquel Marqués 21, 07190, Esporles, Spain
- Departament de Geologia Dinàmica, Geofísica i Paleontologia, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Martí
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar, E-11510, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - J. Ignacio González-Gordillo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar, E-11510, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Bárbara Ubeda
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar, E-11510, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - José Á. Gálvez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar, E-11510, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Xabier Irigoien
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955–6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlos M. Duarte
- Department of Global Change Research, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, Miquel Marqués 21, 07190, Esporles, Spain
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955–6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dodds WK, Collins SM, Hamilton SK, Tank JL, Johnson S, Webster JR, Simon KS, Whiles MR, Rantala HM, McDowell WH, Peterson SD, Riis T, Crenshaw CL, Thomas SA, Kristensen PB, Cheever BM, Flecker AS, Griffiths NA, Crowl T, Rosi-Marshall EJ, El-Sabaawi R, Martí E. You are not always what we think you eat: selective assimilation across multiple whole-stream isotopic tracer studies. Ecology 2014. [DOI: 10.1890/13-2276.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
22
|
Le Dréau G, Saade M, Gutiérrez-Vallejo I, Martí E. The strength of SMAD1/5 activity determines the mode of stem cell division in the developing spinal cord. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 204:591-605. [PMID: 24515346 PMCID: PMC3926951 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201307031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The activity level of the BMP effectors SMAD1/5 dictates whether stem cell divisions are self-expanding, self-renewing, or self-consuming during spinal interneuron generation. The different modes of stem cell division are tightly regulated to balance growth and differentiation during organ development and homeostasis. However, the mechanisms controlling such events are not fully understood. We have developed markers that provide the single cell resolution necessary to identify the three modes of division occurring in a developing nervous system: self-expanding, self-renewing, and self-consuming. Characterizing these three modes of division during interneuron generation in the developing chick spinal cord, we demonstrated that they correlate to different levels of activity of the canonical bone morphogenetic protein effectors SMAD1/5. Functional in vivo experiments showed that the premature neuronal differentiation and changes in cell cycle parameters caused by SMAD1/5 inhibition were preceded by a reduction of self-expanding divisions in favor of self-consuming divisions. Conversely, SMAD1/5 gain of function promoted self-expanding divisions. Together, these results lead us to propose that the strength of SMAD1/5 activity dictates the mode of stem cell division during spinal interneuron generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gwenvael Le Dréau
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Míguez DG, Gil-Guiñón E, Pons S, Martí E. Smad2 and Smad3 cooperate and antagonize simultaneously in vertebrate neurogenesis. Development 2014. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.106617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
24
|
Rabadán MA, Usieto S, Lavarino C, Martí E. Identification of a putative transcriptome signature common to neuroblastoma and neural crest cells. Dev Neurobiol 2013; 73:815-27. [PMID: 23776185 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial tumor in children, is caused by genetic lesions in neural crest precursors of the peripheral nervous system. However, since neural crest cells are neither present after birth and nor are they readily accessible for analysis, very little is known about the genetic networks they might share with neuroblastoma cells during their development, despite their common embryonic origin. Here we have developed a novel resource for lineage tracing and for the isolation of neural crest cells in the chick embryo, enabling us to perform a genome-wide expression screen in neural crest progenitors. In this analysis, we efficiently retrieved known neural crest specific genes that validate our screening strategy and we identified new genes that participate in diverse cell activities, yet with a strong representation of genes associated to cell signaling and cell mobility, two hallmarks of migratory cells. We crossed this transcriptome data with that in the neuroblastoma gene server to search for the human orthologues of these genes associated with neuroblastoma. Accordingly, we retrieved 54 genes expressed strongly in both populations, from which we were able to validate a total of 27 genes expressed in the neural crest that are relevant to neuroblastoma formation. We propose that neural crest and neuroblastoma tumor cells share a common genetic signature that might serve to characterize neuroblastoma cancer stem cells, thereby contributing to the identification of specific targets against which new therapeutic strategies can be designed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Angeles Rabadán
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Saade M, Gutiérrez-Vallejo I, Le Dréau G, Rabadán MA, Miguez DG, Buceta J, Martí E. Sonic hedgehog signaling switches the mode of division in the developing nervous system. Cell Rep 2013; 4:492-503. [PMID: 23891002 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The different modes of stem cell division are tightly regulated to balance growth and differentiation during organ development and homeostasis, and these regulatory processes are subverted in tumor formation. Here, we developed markers that provided the single-cell resolution necessary to quantify the three modes of division taking place in the developing nervous system in vivo: self-expanding, PP; self-replacing, PN; and self-consuming, NN. Using these markers and a mathematical model that predicts the dynamics of motor neuron progenitor division, we identify a role for the morphogen Sonic hedgehog in the maintenance of stem cell identity in the developing spinal cord. Moreover, our study provides insight into the process linking lineage commitment to neurogenesis with changes in cell-cycle parameters. As a result, we propose a challenging model in which the external Sonic hedgehog signal dictates stem cell identity, reflected in the consequent readjustment of cell-cycle parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Saade
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Alvarez-Mora MI, Rodriguez-Revenga L, Madrigal I, Torres-Silva F, Mateu-Huertas E, Lizano E, Friedländer MR, Martí E, Estivill X, Milà M. MicroRNA expression profiling in blood from fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome patients. Genes Brain Behav 2013; 12:595-603. [PMID: 23790110 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a late-onset neurodegenerative disorder associated with FMR1 gene premutation alleles (55-200 CGG repeats). Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome clinical core features include action tremor, gait ataxia, cognitive deficits progressing to dementia, and frequently parkinsonism. Although the pathogenic molecular mechanism of FXTAS is not completely understood, the restriction of the phenotype to the FMR1 premutation range has given rise to a model based on a RNA toxic gain-of-function. Since the identification of the first microRNAs (miRNAs) and their role in normal development, several studies have associated them with neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson, Alzheimer and Huntington diseases, suggesting that they play a key role in brain development, as well as in its morphogenesis. Herein, we present the characterization of miRNA expression profiles in FXTAS male patients using deep sequencing-based technologies and microarray technology. Deep sequencing analysis evidenced 83 miRNAs that were significantly deregulated whereas microarray analysis showed 31. When comparing these results, 14 miRNAs were found deregulated in FXTAS patients. MiR-424 and miR-574-3p showed significant fold change adjusted P-values in both platforms in FXTAS patients. MiR-424 has been founded substantially and specifically enriched in human cerebral cortical white matter of Alzheimer disease patients, which, together with cerebral atrophy, is a prominent imaging finding in individuals with FXTAS. The study provides the first systematic evidence of differential miRNA expression changes in FXTAS blood samples. Although further studies are necessary to better characterize the miRNA function in FXTAS disorder, our results suggest that they might contribute to its pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M I Alvarez-Mora
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Míguez DG, Gil-Guiñón E, Pons S, Martí E. Smad2 and Smad3 cooperate and antagonize simultaneously in vertebrate neurogenesis. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:5335-43. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.130435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) pathway plays key roles in development and cancer. (TGF-β) signaling converges on the Smad2 and Smad3 effectors, which can either cooperate or antagonize to regulate their transcriptional targets. Here we performed in vivo and in silico experiments to study how such cooperativity and antagonism might function during neurogenesis. In vivo electroporation experiments in the chick embryo neural tube show that Smad2 and Smad3 cooperate to promote neurogenesis, as well as the transcription of Smad3 specific targets. Smad2 knockdown enhances neurogenesis and the transcription of Smad3 specific targets. A mathematical model of the TGF-β pathway fits the experimental results and predicts that the proportions of the three different trimeric complexes formed dictates the transcriptional responses of the R-Smads. As such, Smad2 targets are activated solely by the Smad2-Smad2-Smad4 complex, while Smad3 targets are activated both by Smad2-Smad3 Smad4 and Smad3- Smad3-Smad4 trimers. Since we have modeled the Smad responses onto arbitrary genes, we propose that this mechanism might be extended to additional activities of TGF-β in development and disease.
Collapse
|
28
|
Le Dréau G, Martí E. Dorsal-ventral patterning of the neural tube: a tale of three signals. Dev Neurobiol 2012; 72:1471-81. [PMID: 22821665 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Development of the vertebrate nervous system begins with the acquisition of neural identity from the midline dorsal-ectodermal cells of the gastrulating embryos. The subsequent progressive specification of the neural plate along its anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral (DV) axes allows the generation of the tremendous variety of neuronal and glial cells that compose the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS). Studies on the development of the spinal cord, the anatomically simplest part of the CNS, have generated most of our current knowledge on the signaling events and the genetic networks that orchestrate the DV patterning of the neural plate. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of these events and highlight unresolved questions. We focused our attention on the activity and the integration of the three main instructive cues: Sonic hedgehog, the Wnts and the Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, giving particular attention to the less well understood dorsal signaling events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gwenvael Le Dréau
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rabadán MA, Cayuso J, Le Dréau G, Cruz C, Barzi M, Pons S, Briscoe J, Martí E. Jagged2 controls the generation of motor neuron and oligodendrocyte progenitors in the ventral spinal cord. Cell Death Differ 2012; 19:209-19. [PMID: 21720386 PMCID: PMC3263496 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2011.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the developing spinal cord, motor neurons (MNs) and oligodendrocytes arise sequentially from a common pool of progenitors. However, the genetic network responsible for this neurogenesis to gliogenesis switch is largely unknown. A transcriptome analysis identified the Notch ligand Jagged2 (JAG2) as a Sonic hedgehog-regulated factor transiently expressed in MN progenitors (pMNs). In vivo loss- and gain-of-function experiments show that JAG2 schedules the differentiation of the pMN progenitors. At early developmental stages, Olig2 expressing pMN progenitors that enter the differentiation pathway exclusively generate MNs. At these times, the activation of the Notch pathway by JAG2 maintains selected pMN progenitors in an undifferentiated state by two mechanisms; first it inhibits MN generation by reducing Olig2 proteins levels, and second it directly inhibits the premature generation of oligodendrocyte progenitors (OLPs) by maintaining high levels of Hes5. Later, extinction of JAG2 from the pMN results in the loss of Hes5 expression, heralding the gliogenic phase of pMN progenitors. Strikingly, downregulation of JAG2 in pMN progenitors is sufficient to promote the precocious generation of OLPs. Together these data provide evidence that JAG2 is a key regulator of the timely and ordered generation of two of the defining cell types in the spinal cord, MNs and OLPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Rabadán
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Cayuso
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Le Dréau
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Cruz
- National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, UK
| | - M Barzi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona, CSIC-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Pons
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona, CSIC-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Briscoe
- National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, UK
| | - E Martí
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Le Dréau G, Garcia-Campmany L, Rabadán MA, Ferronha T, Tozer S, Briscoe J, Martí E. Canonical BMP7 activity is required for the generation of discrete neuronal populations in the dorsal spinal cord. Development 2011; 139:259-68. [PMID: 22159578 DOI: 10.1242/dev.074948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BMP activity is essential for many steps of neural development, including the initial role in neural induction and the control of progenitor identities along the dorsal-ventral axis of the neural tube. Taking advantage of chick in ovo electroporation, we show a novel role for BMP7 at the time of neurogenesis initiation in the spinal cord. Using in vivo loss-of-function experiments, we show that BMP7 activity is required for the generation of three discrete subpopulations of dorsal interneurons: dI1-dI3-dI5. Analysis of the BMP7 mouse mutant shows the conservation of this activity in mammals. Furthermore, this BMP7 activity appears to be mediated by the canonical Smad pathway, as we demonstrate that Smad1 and Smad5 activities are similarly required for the generation of dI1-dI3-dI5. Moreover, we show that this role is independent of the patterned expression of progenitor proteins in the dorsal spinal cord, but depends on the BMP/Smad regulation of specific proneural proteins, thus narrowing this BMP7 activity to the time of neurogenesis. Together, these data establish a novel role for BMP7 in primary neurogenesis, the process by which a neural progenitor exits the cell cycle and enters the terminal differentiation pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gwenvael Le Dréau
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, c/Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Moreno C, Delgado MD, Martí E, Fuentes S, Morante R, Cano I, Gómez A. [Conservative treatment of the pectus carinatum]. Cir Pediatr 2011; 24:71-74. [PMID: 22097651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pectus carinatum (PC) is a deformity that involves the protrusion of the anterior chest wall. It is 10 times less frequent than pectus excavatum. It has a progressive growth and is more common with men. There are two different types, the lower or condrocorporal which is the most common one, and the upper or condromanubrial. Most of the time there are no cardio-respiratory symptoms. OBJECTIVE We present our experience in the orthopedic treatment of the pectus carinatum. METHOD Retrospective review of patients treated in our hospital from 2002 until 2009. Patients were treated with observation, aerobic exercises, postural change and/or compression braces. Literature review was performed of the treatment for this pathology. RESULTS 18 patients have been diagnosed with PC, 16 were men and 2 women. All were treated in a nonoperative way. Only 11 of them used a compression brace. We missed two follow-ups and another has just yet begun to achieve proper results. All the rest have had excellent results with nonoperative treatment. None of them have had a surgical treatment. CONCLUSION The PC is a disease that most often is a cosmetic problem, with no impact on a cardio-respiratory level. Classically it has been a surgical entity. In our experience we have found that the orthopedic method is an effective alternative, safe and with a significant reduction in morbidity. But we need the collaboration of the patient to accept and maintain continuity in the use of the prostheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Moreno
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wanden-Berghe C, Puiggrós JC, Calañas A, Cuerda C, García-Luna PP, Rabassa-Soler A, Irles JA, Romero A, Martínez-Olmos MA, Camarero E, Lecha M, Gómez-Candela C, Vidal A, Laborda L, Zapata A, Luengo LM, Pérez de la Cruz A, Penacho MA, De Luis D, Parés RM, García Y, Suárez P, Sánchez-Migallón JM, Apezetxea A, Matía P, Martínez C, Martí E, Garde C, Muñoz A, Cánovas B, Bobis MA, Ordóñez J. [The Spanish Home Enteral Nutrition registry of the year 2009: from the NADYA-SENPE group]. NUTR HOSP 2010; 25:959-963. [PMID: 21519767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the Home Enteral Nutrition Characteristics (HEN) recorded by the group NADYA-SENPE during 2009. MATERIAL AND METHOD collection and analysis of the data voluntary recorded in the HEN registry from the NADYA-SENPE group from January 1st to December 31st. RESULTS 6.540 HEN patients were registered, 5.11% more than the previous year and 6,649 episodes (3,135 in women, 47,93%) from 32 different hospitals. 6,238 of them (95,38%) were over 14 years. The mean age of the patients under 14 yr was 3,67 ± 2,86 and it was 72,10 ± 16,89 in those over 14 yr group. The base illness registered more frequently was the neurological disorders in 2,732 (41,77%) patients, followed by cancer patients in 1,838; 28,10%. The enteral access route was registered in 1,123 (17,17%) of the episodes, being more frequent the administration by nasogastric tube 562 (50,04%). The mean length of nutritional treatment by episode was 323 days (10,77 months). 606 episodes of HEN ended, being the principal reasons for discontinuing treatment the patient death in 295 (48,68%) occasions. The transition to oral feeding occurred in 219 (36,14%) cases. Patients maintained normal activity in 2162 (32,55%) HEN episodes and 2,468 (37,13%) cases were living "bed-couch". The level of dependence was "total" in 2,598 (39,07%) of the episodes recorded. The nutritional formula was provided by the hospital in 4,183 (62,91%) cases and by the reference pharmacy in 2,262 (el 34,02%). Consumables were provided by the hospital in 3,531 (53,11%) cases. CONCLUSIONS The number of HEN patients recorded increased from the year 2008, continuing the gradual growth increase since the start of registration. The characteristics of the patients remain in the same profile as in previous years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Wanden-Berghe
- Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Elche, España.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Martínez C, Virgili N, Cuerda C, Chicharro L, Gómez P, Moreno JM, Álvarez J, Martí E, Matía P, Penacho MA, Garde C, De Luis D, Gonzalo M, Lobo G. [Transversal study on the prevalence of Metabolic Bone Disease (MBD) and Home Parenteral Nutrition (HPN) in Spain: data from NADYA group]. NUTR HOSP 2010; 25:920-924. [PMID: 21519761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Patients with intestinal failure who receive HPN are at high risk of developing MBD. The origin of this bone alteration is multifactorial and depends greatly on the underlying disease for which the nutritional support is required. Data on the prevalence of this disease in our environment is lacking, so NADYA-SEMPE group has sponsored this transversal study with the aim of knowing the actual MBD prevalence. MATERIAL AND METHODS Retrospective data from 51 patients from 13 hospitals were collected. The questionnaire included demographic data as well as the most clinically relevant for MBD data. Laboratory data (calciuria, PTH, 25 -OH -vitamin D) and the results from the first and last bone densitometry were also registered. RESULTS Bone mineral density had only been assessed by densitometry in 21 patients at the moment HPN was started. Bone quality is already altered before HPN in a significant percentage of cases (52%). After a mean follow up of 6 years, this percentage increases up to 81%. Due to retrospective nature of the study and the low number of subjects included it has not been possible to determine the role that HPN plays in MBD etiology. Only 35% of patients have vitamin D levels above the recommended limits and the majority of them is not on specific supplementation. CONCLUSIONS HPN is associated with very high risk of MBD, therefore, management protocols that can lead to early detection of the problem as well as guiding for follow up and treatment of these patients are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Martínez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
|
35
|
Pedrón-Giner C, Puiggrós C, Calañas A, Cuerda C, García-Luna PP, Irles JA, Romero A, Rabassa-Soler A, Camarero E, Martínez-Olmos MA, Lecha M, Penacho MA, Gómez Candela C, Parés RM, Zapata A, Laborda L, Vidal A, Pérez de la Cruz A, Luengo LM, de Luis D, Wanden-Berghe C, Suárez P, Sánchez-Migallón JM, Matía P, García Y, Martí E, Muñoz A, Martínez C, Bobis MA, Garde C, Ordóñez J, Cánovas B. [Spanish home enteral nutrition (HEN) registry of the year 2008 from the NADYA-SENPE group]. NUTR HOSP 2010; 25:725-729. [PMID: 21336427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To present the results of the Spanish home enteral nutrition (HEN) registry of the year 2008 from the NADYA-SENPE group. MATERIAL AND METHODS We recorded the HEN registry data from January 1st to December 31st 2008. RESULTS The number of patients registered in this period was 6206 (51% male) with up to 6,279 episodes of HEN, from 31 Spanish hospitals. Most of the patients (95%) were older than 14 yr. Mean age was 4.83±3.29 yr in the children group, and 70.75±18.14 yr in the adult group (older than 14 yr). Neurological disorders (39%) and cancer (27%) were the two most prevalent diagnoses. The oral route was the most frequently used (43,4%), followed by nasogastric tube (40,4%), and gastrostomy tube (14,7%). Mean length of treatment was 305,36 days (10 months). The principal reasons for discontinuing treatment were death (43%) and progress to oral diet (40%). Only 33% of the patients had a normal activity level, being limited in different grades in the rest of the patients. Most of the patients required partial (25%) or total help (38%). The enteral formula was provided by the hospital in 65% of the cases and by private pharmacies in 32%. The disposables were provided by the hospital (82,4%) and primary care services (17,2%). CONCLUSIONS The number and the age of the patients registered have increased comparing to previous years, with little variations in the rest of analyzed variables. The increase in the length of treatment could reflect misreporting of the weaning process in the registry.
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
During spinal cord development, the combination of secreted signaling proteins and transcription factors provides information for each neural type differentiation. Studies using embryonic stem cells show that trimethylation of lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3) contributes to repression of many genes key for neural development. However, it remains unclear how H3K27me3-mediated mechanisms control neurogenesis in developing spinal cord. Here, we demonstrate that H3K27me3 controls dorsal interneuron generation by regulation of BMP activity. Our study indicates that expression of Noggin, a BMP extracellular inhibitor, is repressed by H3K27me3. Moreover, we show that Noggin expression is induced by BMP pathway signaling, generating a negative-feedback regulatory loop. In response to BMP pathway activation, JMJD3 histone demethylase interacts with the Smad1/Smad4 complex to demethylate and activate the Noggin promoter. Together, our data reveal how the BMP signaling pathway restricts its own activity in developing spinal cord by modulating H3K27me3 levels at the Noggin promoter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Akizu
- Department of Genomic Regulation, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Baldiri i Reixac 15-21, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sierra J, Montserrat G, Martí E, Garau MA, Cruañas R. Contamination Levels in the Soils Affected by the Flood From Aznalcóllar (Spain). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10588330091134275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Sierra
- a Laboratori d'Edafologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda, Joan XXIII s/n 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G. Montserrat
- a Laboratori d'Edafologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda, Joan XXIII s/n 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E. Martí
- a Laboratori d'Edafologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda, Joan XXIII s/n 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. A. Garau
- a Laboratori d'Edafologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda, Joan XXIII s/n 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R. Cruañas
- a Laboratori d'Edafologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda, Joan XXIII s/n 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lesage B, Gutierrez I, Martí E, Gonzalez C. Neural stem cells: the need for a proper orientation. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2010; 20:438-42. [PMID: 20537889 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2010.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila neuroblasts and mouse radial glial cells can divide asymmetrically to self-renew while producing differentiating daughter cells that contribute to brain growth. Intense research activity in the past few years has started to unveil some of the processes that govern asymmetric division in these two cell types. Here we discuss the case of centrosome asymmetry and the contribution of spindle orientation and non-spindle-related centrosome functions. Although still fragmentary, the emerging picture suggests that both notable parallelisms and striking differences apply.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bart Lesage
- Cell Division Group, IRB Barcelona, PCB, c/Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ulloa F, Martí E. Wnt won the war: antagonistic role of Wnt over Shh controls dorso-ventral patterning of the vertebrate neural tube. Dev Dyn 2010; 239:69-76. [PMID: 19681160 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The spinal cord has been used as a model to dissect the mechanisms that govern the patterning of tissues during animal development, since the principles that rule the dorso-ventral patterning of the neural tube are applicable to other systems. Signals that determine the dorso-ventral axis of the spinal cord include Sonic hedgehog (Shh), acting as a bona fide morphogenetic signal to determine ventral progenitor identities, and members of the Bmp and the Wnt families, acting in the dorsal neural tube. Although Wnts have been initially recognized as important in proliferation of neural progenitor cells, their role in the dorso-ventral patterning has been controversial. In this review, we discuss recent reports that show an important contribution of the Wnt canonical pathway in dorso-ventral pattern formation. These data allow building a model by which the ventralizing activity of Shh is antagonized by Wnt activity through the expression of Gli3, a potent inhibitor of the Shh pathway. Therefore, antagonistic interactions between canonical Wnt, promoting dorsal identities, and Shh pathways, inducing ventral ones, would define the dorso-ventral patterning of the developing central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Ulloa
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Parc Cientific de Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Fuentes S, Delgado D, Martí E, Gallego MC, Tejedor R, Moreno C, Gómez A. [Treatment of lymphatic malformations with OK-432 sclerosis. Our experience]. Cir Pediatr 2010; 23:88-91. [PMID: 21298916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The elective treatment of lymphatic malformations has always been surgical resection. However sclerotherapy with a variety of substances is being used as an alternative to surgery specially in the last years. The aim of this essay is to present our results using sclerosis with OK-432. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have reviewed all patients affected by lymphatic malformation that have been treated by sclerosis with OK-432. Each procedure was performed under general anesthesia by a radiologist and a pediatric surgeon. RESULTS Fifteen patients have been treated. On the whole, 36 procedures have been performed, with a mean of 2.4 for each patient. The mean amount of OK-432 injected was 1.5 milligrams (mg) in each procedure. 73% of the patients showed nearly complete or complete response. There were two complications; one of them was a limited bleeding and the other one, a case of high fever resolved by antipyretics and antibiotics. Microcystic or mixed malformations required a higher number of procedures and presented poorer response. CONCLUSION Sclerotherapy with OK-432 is an effective and safe treatment for lymphatic malformation specially the macrocystic ones, therefore it should be considered as first line therapeutic option.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Fuentes
- Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Geslain R, Cubells L, Bori-Sanz T, Alvarez-Medina R, Rossell D, Martí E, Ribas de Pouplana L. Chimeric tRNAs as tools to induce proteome damage and identify components of stress responses. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 38:e30. [PMID: 20007146 PMCID: PMC2836549 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Misfolded proteins are caused by genomic mutations, aberrant splicing events, translation errors or environmental factors. The accumulation of misfolded proteins is a phenomenon connected to several human disorders, and is managed by stress responses specific to the cellular compartments being affected. In wild-type cells these mechanisms of stress response can be experimentally induced by expressing recombinant misfolded proteins or by incubating cells with large concentrations of amino acid analogues. Here, we report a novel approach for the induction of stress responses to protein aggregation. Our method is based on engineered transfer RNAs that can be expressed in cells or tissues, where they actively integrate in the translation machinery causing general proteome substitutions. This strategy allows for the introduction of mutations of increasing severity randomly in the proteome, without exposing cells to unnatural compounds. Here, we show that this approach can be used for the differential activation of the stress response in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER). As an example of the applications of this method, we have applied it to the identification of human microRNAs activated or repressed during unfolded protein stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Geslain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Omnia Molecular, Barcelona Science Park, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, c/Baldiri Reixac 15-21, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Luengo Pérez LM, Chicharro ML, Cuerda C, García Luna PP, Rabassa Soler A, Romero A, Irles JA, Penacho MA, Camarero E, Martínez Olmos MA, Calañas A, Parés RM, Lecha M, Gómez Candela C, Zapata A, Pérez de la Cruz A, Luis DD, Wanden-Berghe C, Cantón A, Laborda L, Matía P, Martí E. [National registry of home enteral nutrition in Spain 2007]. NUTR HOSP 2009; 24:655-660. [PMID: 20049367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To communicate the results from the registry of Home-Based Enteral Nutrition of the NADYASENPE group in 2007. MATERIAL AND METHODS We included every patient in the registry with home enteral nutrition any time from January 1st to December 31st of 2007. RESULTS The number of patients with home enteral nutrition in 2007 was 5,107 (52% male) from 28 different hospitals. 95.4% of them were 15 yr or older, with a mean age of 67.96 +/- 18.12, and 4.2 +/- 3.38 among patients aged 14 yr or less. The most common underlying diseases were neurological (37.8%) and neoplastic diseases (29.3%). Enteral nutrition was administered p.o. in most patients (63.5%), followed by nasogastric tube (25.9%), while gastrostomy was only used in 9.2%. The mean time in enteral nutrition support was 9.4 months and the most common reasons for withdrawal were death (58.7%) and switching to oral intake (32%). Activity was limited in 31.4% of patients and 36.01% were house-bound. Most patients needed partial (26.51%) or total (37.68%) care assistance. Enteral formula was provided by hospitals to 69.14% of patients and by pharmacies to 30.17% of them, while disposable material was provided by hospitals to 81.63% and by Primary Care to the remaining patients. CONCLUSIONS In 2007, there has been an increase of more than 30% of patients registered with home enteral nutrition comparing with 2006, without any big difference in other data, but a higher proportion of patients with enteral nutrition p.o.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L M Luengo Pérez
- Unidad de Nutrición Clínica y Dietética, Hospital Universitario Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, España
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Alvarez-Medina R, Le Dreau G, Ros M, Martí E. Hedgehog activation is required upstream of Wnt signalling to control neural progenitor proliferation. Development 2009; 136:3301-9. [PMID: 19736325 DOI: 10.1242/dev.041772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The canonical Wnt and sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathways have been independently linked to cell proliferation in a variety of tissues and systems. However, interaction of these signals in the control of cell cycle progression has not been studied. Here, we demonstrate that in the developing vertebrate nervous system these pathways genetically interact to control progression of the G1 phase of the cell cycle. By in vivo loss-of-function experiments, we demonstrate the absolute requirement of an upstream Shh activity for the regulation of Tcf3/4 expression. In the absence of Tcf3/4, the canonical Wnt pathway cannot activate target gene expression, including that of cyclin D1, and the cell cycle is necessarily arrested at G1. In addition to the control of G1 progression, Shh activity controls the G2 phase through the regulation of cyclin E, cyclin A and cyclin B expression, and this is achieved independently of Wnt. Thus, in neural progenitors, cell cycle progression is co-ordinately regulated by Wnt and Shh activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Alvarez-Medina
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, C/Baldiri i Reixac 21, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
|
45
|
Rabadán MA, Cayuso J, Cruz C, Briscoe J, Martí E. 21-P015 Expression of Jagged2 in the ventral spinal cord depends on Shh activity and controls the switch from neurogenesis to oligodendrogenesis. Mech Dev 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2009.06.880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
46
|
Serra A, Guasch H, Martí E, Geiszinger A. Measuring in-stream retention of copper by means of constant-rate additions. Sci Total Environ 2009; 407:3847-3854. [PMID: 19299001 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Revised: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Human practices entail inputs of nutrients and toxicants such as heavy metals to the fluvial ecosystems. While nutrient dynamics in fluvial ecosystems have been widely studied for over three decades, dynamics of toxicants still remain unclear. In this investigation, the nutrient spiraling concept and associated methodologies to quantify nutrient retention in streams were applied to study copper (Cu) dynamics in streams. The present study aimed to quantify total dissolved Cu retention using a simplified system of indoor channels colonized with fluvial biofilms. Cu retention was studied at sub-toxic concentrations to avoid negative/lethal effects on biota. In addition, Cu retention was compared with retention estimates of a macronutrient, phosphate (PO(4)(3-)), which has been widely studied within the context of the nutrient spiraling concept. The methodology used allowed a successful quantification of Cu and PO(4)(3-) retention. The results showed higher retention efficiency for PO(4)(3-) than for Cu. The biofilm played a key role in retaining both solutes. Although retention efficiency for both solutes was higher in the experiments with colonized substrata compared to uncolonized substrata, we found a positive relationship between uptake rate and chlorophyll-a only for PO(4)(3-). Finally, retention efficiency for both solutes was influenced by water discharge, showing lower retention efficiencies under higher flow conditions. These results suggest that the fate and toxic effects of copper on stream biota may be strongly influenced by the prevailing environmental conditions. Our results indicate that the experimental approach considered can provide new insights into the investigation of retention of toxic compounds in fluvial systems and their controlling mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Serra
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona (UdG), Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Altafaj X, Ortiz-Abalia J, Fernández M, Potier MC, Laffaire J, Andreu N, Dierssen M, González-García C, Ceña V, Martí E, Fillat C. Increased NR2A expression and prolonged decay of NMDA-induced calcium transient in cerebellum of TgDyrk1A mice, a mouse model of Down syndrome. Neurobiol Dis 2008; 32:377-84. [PMID: 18773961 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2008.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Revised: 07/24/2008] [Accepted: 07/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic mice overexpressing Dyrk1A (TgDyrk1A), a Down syndrome (DS) candidate gene, exhibit motor and cognitive alterations similar to those observed in DS individuals. To gain new insights into the molecular consequences of Dyrk1A overexpression underlying TgDyrk1A and possibly DS motor phenotypes, microarray studies were performed. Transcriptome analysis showed an upregulation of the NR2A subunit of the NMDA type of glutamate receptors in TgDyrk1A cerebellum. NR2A protein overexpression was also detected in TgDyrk1A cerebellar homogenates, in the synaptosome-enriched fraction and in TgDyrk1A primary cerebellar granular neuronal cultures (CGNs). In TgDyrk1A synaptosomes, calcium-imaging experiments showed a higher calcium uptake after NMDA stimulation. Similarly, NMDA administration promoted longer calcium transients in TgDyrk1A CGNs. Taken together, these results show that NMDA-induced calcium rise is altered in TgDyrk1A cerebellar neurons and indicate that calcium signaling is dysregulated in TgDyrk1A mice cerebella. These findings suggest that DYRK1A overexpression might contribute to the dysbalance in the excitatory transmission found in the cerebellum of DS individuals and DS mouse models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Altafaj
- Programa Gens i Malatia, Centre de Regulació Genòmica-CRG, UPF, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona-PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Martí E, Pérez-Pé R, Colás C, Muiño-Blanco T, Cebrián-Pérez JA. Study of apoptosis-related markers in ram spermatozoa. Anim Reprod Sci 2008; 106:113-32. [PMID: 17499945 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2007.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2007] [Revised: 04/03/2007] [Accepted: 04/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Certain features of capacitated or frozen-thawed spermatozoa have been considered to be an apoptosis-like phenomenon, and, it has been suggested that the presence of apoptotic sperm in seminal doses could be one of the reasons for poor fertility. The objective of this study was to determine whether phosphatidylserine (PS) translocation, caspase activity and DNA fragmentation, which are considered to be apoptotic markers in somatic cells, occur in ram sperm. Fresh ejaculates and sperm samples in different physiological state (cold-shocked, in vitro capacitated and acrosome-reacted (AR)) were compared. Simultaneous staining with 6-carboxifluorescein diacetate (6-CFDA) and Annexin V-Cy3.18 (AnnV) revealed four different sperm subpopulations in ejaculates. The main subpopulation was composed of viable cells without PS exposure (CFDA+/AnnV-). A total of 40.8% of sperm showed inverted PS, with two levels of alteration: CFDA+/AnnV+ in midpiece ("type I AnnV+"), and in acrosome and midpiece ("type II AnnV+"). The fewest subpopulation contained non-viable cells showing Annexin labelling in the entire cell (CFDA-/AnnV+). Labeling of caspases-3 and -7 by immunocytochemistry revealing different sperm subtypes depending on their localization in apical, equatorial, post-acrosomal regions and tail. The results obtained by western-blot showed, for the first time to our knowledge, that caspase-like proteins are present in fresh ram semen as both inactive and active forms. The proportion of sperm with fragmented DNA [terminal transferase-mediated dUDP nick end-labeling (TUNEL)-positive] were found rarely (2.7+/-0.5%) in all fresh ejaculates involved in this study. The analysis of total activity of both caspases by a fluorometric method showed a decrease in vitro capacitated and acrosome-reacted samples as well as in cryoinjured samples. However, the percentage of TUNEL-positive sperm demonstrating DNA fragmentation was significantly increased after in vitro induced capacitation and acrosome reaction, as well as after cold-shock although this augment was not significant. PS exposure is not totally dependent on caspases in ram spermatozoa as the addition of a caspase inhibitor prevented the increase in PS inversion due to incubation in capacitating conditions but not to the ionophore-induced acrosome reaction or cold-shock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Martí
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Querol L, Martínez-Corral M, Martí E, Martí-Fábregas J. [Retinal and brain infarctions secondary to acute carotid thrombosis in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome]. Neurologia 2008; 23:319-321. [PMID: 18247184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening iatrogenic condition that may appear following ovulation induction in the course of some fertility treatments. This may lead to further complications, some of which may be severe, such as thromboembolic events. Though rarely, it can therefore be a potential cause of stroke. CLINICAL CASE We report the case of a 34-year old woman under ovulation induction treatment who developed retinal and brain infarctions secondary to internal carotid occlusion. Oral anticoagulation was administered and recovery was good in spite of the persistence of carotid occlusion in follow-up magnetic ressonance imaging- angiographies. CONCLUSIONS This is the first case of carotid occlusion following an OHSS reported in Spain and the eighth one published in the literature. Current literature on cerebrovascular complications in OHSS is also briefly reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Querol
- Servicio de Neurología y Hematología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Martí E, Santamaría A, Mateo J, Tolosa A, Querol L, Viscasillas P, Fontcuberta J. Carotid thrombosis after in vitro fertilization: a relatively new thrombotic complication in women. Br J Haematol 2008; 141:897-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07120.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|