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Zhang J, Yu Y, Petrovic M, Pei X, Tian QB, Zhang L, Zhang WH. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and corresponding control measures on long-term care facilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Age Ageing 2023; 52:6987654. [PMID: 36668818 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term care facilities (LTCFs) were high-risk settings for COVID-19 outbreaks. OBJECTIVE To assess the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on LTCFs, including rates of infection, hospitalisation, case fatality, and mortality, and to determine the association between control measures and SARS-CoV-2 infection rates in residents and staff. METHOD We conducted a systematic search of six databases for articles published between December 2019 and 5 November 2021, and performed meta-analyses and subgroup analyses to identify the impact of COVID-19 on LTCFs and the association between control measures and infection rate. RESULTS We included 108 studies from 19 countries. These studies included 1,902,044 residents and 255,498 staff from 81,572 LTCFs, among whom 296,024 residents and 36,807 staff were confirmed SARS-CoV-2 positive. The pooled infection rate was 32.63% (95%CI: 30.29 ~ 34.96%) for residents, whereas it was 10.33% (95%CI: 9.46 ~ 11.21%) for staff. In LTCFs that cancelled visits, new patient admissions, communal dining and group activities, and vaccinations, infection rates in residents and staff were lower than the global rate. We reported the residents' hospitalisation rate to be 29.09% (95%CI: 25.73 ~ 32.46%), with a case-fatality rate of 22.71% (95%CI: 21.31 ~ 24.11%) and mortality rate of 15.81% (95%CI: 14.32 ~ 17.30%). Significant publication biases were observed in the residents' case-fatality rate and the staff infection rate, but not in the infection, hospitalisation, or mortality rate of residents. CONCLUSION SARS-CoV-2 infection rates would be very high among LTCF residents and staff without appropriate control measures. Cancelling visits, communal dining and group activities, restricting new admissions, and increasing vaccination would significantly reduce the infection rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- International Centre for Reproductive Health (ICRH), Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.,The Research Center for Medical Sociology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Yushan Yu
- International Centre for Reproductive Health (ICRH), Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Mirko Petrovic
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Xiaomei Pei
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, 050017 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Qing-Bao Tian
- China-Australia Joint Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Artificial Intelligence and Modelling in Epidemiology Program, Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne 3053, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei-Hong Zhang
- International Centre for Reproductive Health (ICRH), Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.,School of Public Health, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles 1070, Belgium
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Major M, Majowicz SE, Oremus M, Jimenez LJ, Angulo FJ, Horton S. Systematic literature review of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence surveys in Canada through April 2021. IJID REGIONS 2022; 4:157-164. [PMID: 35919829 PMCID: PMC9335354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As of April 2021, a low proportion of the Canada had been infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. Early on, the number of reported cases represented only one in eight infected persons. By April 2021, the number of persons infected was similar to the number of reported cases.
Objectives To estimate the proportion of the population infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Canada through April 2021, 16 months into the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and 4 months after COVID-19 vaccines became available. Methods Publication databases, preprint servers, public health databases and the grey literature were searched for seroprevalence surveys conducted in Canada from 1 November 2019 to 10 July 2021. Studies were assessed for bias using the Joanna Briggs Checklist. Numbers of infections derived from seroprevalence estimates were compared with reported cases to estimate under-ascertainment ratios. Results In total, 12 serosurveys with 210,321 participants were identified. Three (25%) serosurveys were conducted at national level, one (8.3%) was conducted at provincial level, and eight (66.7%) were conducted at local level. All 12 serosurveys had moderate or high risk of bias. The proportion of the population infected by April 2021 was low (2.6%). The proportion of the population infected was higher in surveys of residents of long-term care facilities (43.0–86%), workers at long-term care facilities (22.4–32.4%), and workers in healthcare institutions (1.4–14%). Conclusions As of April 2021, the proportion of the population infected by SARS-CoV-2 was low in the overall population of Canada, but was high in healthcare facilities, particularly long-term care facilities, supporting the need for vaccines.
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Janssens H, Heytens S, Meyers E, De Schepper E, De Sutter A, Devleesschauwer B, Formukong A, Keirse S, Padalko E, Geens T, Cools P. Pre-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among staff and residents of nursing homes in Flanders (Belgium) in fall 2020. Epidemiol Infect 2022; 150:1-25. [PMID: 35234113 PMCID: PMC8943225 DOI: 10.1017/s095026882200036x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG antibodies, using dried blood spots, was determined in October–November 2020, among residents and staff randomly selected from 20 nursing homes (NH) geographically distributed in Flanders, Belgium. Sociodemographic and medical data [including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms and results of RT-PCR tests] were retrieved using questionnaires. The overall seroprevalence was 17.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 14.9–19.5], with 18.9% (95% CI 15.9–22.2) of the residents and 14.9% (95% CI 11.9–18.4) of the staff having antibodies, which was higher than the seroprevalence in blood donors. The seroprevalence in the 20 NH varied between 0.0% and 45.0%. Fourteen per cent of the staff with antibodies, reported no typical COVID-19 symptoms, while in residents, 51.0% of those with antibodies had no symptoms. The generalised mixed effect model showed a positive association between COVID-19 symptoms and positive serology, but this relation was weaker in residents compared to staff. This study shows that NH are more affected by SARS-CoV-2 than the general population. The large variation between NH, suggests that some risk factors for the spread among residents and staff may be related to the NH. Further, the results suggest that infected people, without the typical COVID-19 symptoms, might play a role in outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Janssens
- Research and Analytics, Liantis, Belgium
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefan Heytens
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eline Meyers
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ellen De Schepper
- Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - An De Sutter
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Asangwing Formukong
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Elizaveta Padalko
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Geens
- Research and Analytics, Liantis, Belgium
| | - Piet Cools
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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4
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Katz MJ, Heaney CD, Pisanic N, Smith L, Bigelow BF, Sheik F, Boudreau A, Kruczynski K, Hsu YJ, Salinas AB, Cosgrove SE, Rock C. Evaluating Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in Nursing Home Residents using Saliva IgG. J Am Geriatr Soc 2022; 70:659-668. [PMID: 35038344 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.17660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 circulating variants coupled with waning immunity pose a significant threat to the long-term care (LTC) population. Our objective was to measure salivary IgG antibodies in residents and staff of a LTC facility to 1) evaluate IgG response in saliva post-natural infection and vaccination and 2) assess its feasibility to describe the seroprevalence over time. METHODS We performed salivary IgG sampling of all residents and staff who agreed to testing in a 150-bed skilled nursing facility during three seroprevalence surveys between October 2020 and February 2021. The facility had SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in May 2020 and November 2020, when 45 of 138 and 37 of 125 residents were infected, respectively; they offered two Federal vaccine clinics in January 2021. We evaluated quantitative IgG in saliva to the Nucleocapsid (N), Spike (S), and Receptor binding domain (RBD) Antigens of SARS-CoV-2 over time post-infection and post-vaccination. RESULTS 124 residents and 28 staff underwent saliva serologic testing on one or more survey visits. Over three surveys, the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence at the facility was 49%, 64%, and 81%, respectively. IgG to S, RBD, and N Antigens all increased post infection. Post vaccination, the infection naïve group did not have a detectable N IgG level, and N IgG levels for the previously infected did not increase post vaccination (p < 0.001). Fully vaccinated subjects with prior COVID-19 infection had significantly higher RBD and S IgG responses compared with those who were infection-naïve prior to vaccination (p < 0.001 for both). CONCLUSIONS Positive SARS-COV-2 IgG in saliva was concordant with prior infection (Anti N, S, RBD) and vaccination (Anti S, RBD) and remained above positivity threshold for up to 9 months from infection. Salivary sampling is a non-invasive method of tracking immunity and differentiating between prior infection and vaccination to inform need for boosters in LTC residents and staff. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan J Katz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5200 Eastern Ave, Mason F. Lord Building, Center Tower, Ste. 360, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher D Heaney
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Epidemiology and International Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nora Pisanic
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Leigh Smith
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Benjamin F Bigelow
- Johns Hopkins Medicine COVID Testing, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fatima Sheik
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alec Boudreau
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kate Kruczynski
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yea-Jen Hsu
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alejandra B Salinas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sara E Cosgrove
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Clare Rock
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Halsted 831, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Tanunliong G, Liu A, Vijh R, Pidduck T, Kustra J, Márquez AC, Choi A, McLennan M, Hayden A, Kearney C, Gantt S, Krajden M, Morshed M, Jassem AN, Sekirov I. Persistence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Long Term Care Residents Over Seven Months After Two COVID-19 Outbreaks. Front Immunol 2022; 12:775420. [PMID: 35046939 PMCID: PMC8763385 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.775420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As part of the public health outbreak investigations, serological surveys were carried out following two COVID-19 outbreaks in April 2020 and October 2020 in one long term care facility (LTCF) in British Columbia, Canada. This study describes the serostatus of the LTCF residents and monitors changes in their humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses (HCoV) over seven months. Methods A total of 132 serum samples were collected from all 106 consenting residents (aged 54-102) post-first outbreak (N=87) and post-second outbreak (N=45) in one LTCF; 26/106 participants provided their serum following both COVID-19 outbreaks, permitting longitudinal comparisons between surveys. Health-Canada approved commercial serologic tests and a pan-coronavirus multiplexed immunoassay were used to evaluate antibody levels against the spike protein, nucleocapsid, and receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2, as well as the spike proteins of HCoV-229E, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-OC43. Statistical analyses were performed to describe the humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 among residents longitudinally. Findings Survey findings demonstrated that among the 26 individuals that participated in both surveys, all 10 individuals seropositive after the first outbreak continued to be seropositive following the second outbreak, with no reinfections identified among them. SARS-CoV-2 attack rate in the second outbreak was lower (28.6%) than in the first outbreak (40.2%), though not statistically significant (P>0.05). Gradual waning of anti-nucleocapsid antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 was observed on commercial (median Δ=-3.7, P=0.0098) and multiplexed immunoassay (median Δ=-169579, P=0.014) platforms; however, anti-spike and anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) antibodies did not exhibit a statistically significant decline over 7 months. Elevated antibody levels for beta-HCoVs OC43 (P<0.0001) and HKU1 (P=0.0027) were observed among individuals seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 compared to seronegative individuals. Conclusion Our study utilized well-validated serological platforms to demonstrate that humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 persisted for at least 7 months. Elevated OC43 and HKU1 antibodies among SARS-CoV-2 seropositive individuals may be attributed to cross reaction and/or boosting of humoral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalein Tanunliong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Aaron Liu
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rohit Vijh
- Office of the Chief Medical Health Officer, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tamara Pidduck
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC) Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jesse Kustra
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC) Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ana Citlali Márquez
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC) Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alexandra Choi
- Office of the Chief Medical Health Officer, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Meghan McLennan
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC) Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Althea Hayden
- Office of the Chief Medical Health Officer, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Soren Gantt
- Centre de Recherche de Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mel Krajden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC) Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Muhammad Morshed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC) Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Agatha N. Jassem
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC) Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Inna Sekirov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC) Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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6
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Foley MK, Searle SD, Toloue A, Booth R, Falkenham A, Falzarano D, Rubino S, Francis ME, McNeil M, Richardson C, LeBlanc J, Oldford S, Gerdts V, Andrew MK, McNeil SA, Clarke B, Rockwood K, Kelvin DJ, Kelvin AA. Centenarians and extremely old people living with frailty can elicit durable SARS-CoV-2 spike specific IgG antibodies with virus neutralization functions following virus infection as determined by serological study. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 37:100975. [PMID: 34222846 PMCID: PMC8235995 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2) has led to more than 165 million COVID-19 cases and >3.4 million deaths worldwide. Epidemiological analysis has revealed that the risk of developing severe COVID-19 increases with age. Despite a disproportionate number of older individuals and long-term care facilities being affected by SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, very little is understood about the immune responses and development of humoral immunity in the extremely old person after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here we conducted a serological study to investigate the development of humoral immunity in centenarians following a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in a long-term care facility. METHODS Extreme aged individuals and centenarians who were residents in a long-term care facility and infected with or exposed to SARS-CoV-2 were investigated between April and June 2020 for the development of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. Blood samples were collected from positive and bystander individuals 30 and 60 days after original diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Plasma was used to quantify IgG, IgA, and IgM isotypes and subsequent subclasses of antibodies specific for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The function of anti-spike was then assessed by virus neutralization assays against the native SARS-CoV-2 virus. FINDINGS Fifteen long-term care residents were investigated for SARS-CoV-2 infection. All individuals had a Clinical Frailty scale score ≥5 and were of extreme older age or were centenarians. Six women with a median age of 98.8 years tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Anti-spike IgG antibody titers were the highest titers observed in our cohort with all IgG positive individuals having virus neutralization ability. Additionally, 5 out of the 6 positive participants had a robust IgA anti-SARS-CoV-2 response. In all 5, antibodies were detected after 60 days from initial diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K. Foley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Samuel D. Searle
- Divsion of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT, England United Kingdom
| | - Ali Toloue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Ryan Booth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Alec Falkenham
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Darryl Falzarano
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E3, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Salvatore Rubino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Magen E. Francis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Mara McNeil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Christopher Richardson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jason LeBlanc
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre, Nova Scotia, Halifax, B3K 6R8 Canada
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Halifax, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Sharon Oldford
- Canadian Centre for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre, Nova Scotia, Halifax, B3K 6R8 Canada
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Halifax, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Volker Gerdts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E3, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Melissa K. Andrew
- Divsion of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Shelly A. McNeil
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Barry Clarke
- Department of Family Medicine, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Halifax, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Kenneth Rockwood
- Divsion of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - David J. Kelvin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre, Nova Scotia, Halifax, B3K 6R8 Canada
- Laboratory of Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd, Jinping, Shantou, China
| | - Alyson A. Kelvin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E3, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre, Nova Scotia, Halifax, B3K 6R8 Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
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7
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Morshed M, Sekirov I, McLennan M, Levett PN, Chahil N, Mak A, Carruthers E, Pidduck T, Kustra J, Laley J, Lee MK, Chu K, Burgess F, Vijh R, Willis L, Wada R, Blancaflor R, Boraston S, Hayden A, Krajden M. Comparative Analysis of Capillary vs Venous Blood for Serologic Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies by RPOC Lateral Flow Tests. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab043. [PMID: 33723509 PMCID: PMC7928643 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A comparison of rapid point-of-care serology tests using finger prick and venous blood was done on 278 participants. In a laboratory setting, immunoglobulin G (IgG) sensitivity neared 100%; however, IgG sensitivity dramatically dropped (82%) in field testing. Possible factors include finger prick volume variability, hemolysis, cassette readability, and operator training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Morshed
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Inna Sekirov
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Meghan McLennan
- Provincial Laboratory Medicine Services, Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paul N Levett
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Navdeep Chahil
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Annie Mak
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Erin Carruthers
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tamara Pidduck
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jesse Kustra
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jonathan Laley
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Min-Kuang Lee
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kenneth Chu
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fred Burgess
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rohit Vijh
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lori Willis
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ray Wada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rosemarie Blancaflor
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Suni Boraston
- Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Althea Hayden
- Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mel Krajden
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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