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Halkiadakis I, Konstantopoulou K, Tzimis V, Papadopoulos N, Chatzistefanou K, Markomichelakis NN. Update on Diagnosis and Treatment of Uveitic Glaucoma. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1185. [PMID: 38592059 PMCID: PMC10931771 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a common and potentially blinding complication of uveitis. Many mechanisms are involved alone or in combination in the pathogenesis of uveitic glaucoma (UG). In terms of diagnostic evaluation, the effects of inflammatory activity in the retinal nerve fiber layer may be a source of bias in the interpretation of optical coherence tomography measurements. For the successful treatment of UG, the control of intraocular inflammation specific to the cause or anti-inflammatory treatment, combined with IOP management, is mandatory. The early institution of specific treatment improves the prognosis of UG associated with CMV. The young age of UG patients along with increased failure rates of glaucoma surgery in this group of patients warrants a stepwise approach. Conservative and conjunctival sparing surgical approaches should be adopted. Minimally invasive surgical approaches were proved to be effective and are increasingly being used in the management of UG along with the traditionally used techniques of trabeculectomy or tubes. This review aims to summarize the progress that recently occurred in the diagnosis and treatment of UG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Halkiadakis
- Ophthalmiatrion Athinon, Athens Eye Hospital, 10672 Athens, Greece; (K.K.); (V.T.); (N.P.)
| | | | - Vasilios Tzimis
- Ophthalmiatrion Athinon, Athens Eye Hospital, 10672 Athens, Greece; (K.K.); (V.T.); (N.P.)
| | - Nikolaos Papadopoulos
- Ophthalmiatrion Athinon, Athens Eye Hospital, 10672 Athens, Greece; (K.K.); (V.T.); (N.P.)
| | - Klio Chatzistefanou
- First Department of Ophthalmology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens General Hospital “G. Gennimatas”, 11527 Athenbs, Greece;
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2
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Dossantos J, An J. A Rare Case of Postoperative Uveitis and Obstructive Peripheral Anterior Synechiae Following Combined OMNI Canaloplasty and Hydrus Microstent Implantation. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2024; 18:37-41. [PMID: 38585161 PMCID: PMC10997961 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10078-1436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study seeks to highlight and explore the occurrence of uveitis with obstructive peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) after a combined OMNI canaloplasty and Hydrus microstent implantation with phacoemulsification, particularly in a patient with a background of psoriatic arthritis. Observations A 56-year-old male with a medical history of psoriatic arthritis (in remission for 10 years) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) underwent a combined OMNI canaloplasty and Hydrus microstent with phacoemulsification. The surgical procedure was uncomplicated. However, within 2 weeks postsurgery, the patient presented with severe symptoms, including uveitis, elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), and a significant reduction in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). This postoperative response was unexpected, especially given the lack of any past history of uveitis in the patient. The complication, potentially influenced by the patient's history of psoriatic arthritis, led to the need for additional interventions, including the implantation of an Ahmed glaucoma valve. Conclusion This case underscores the potential for postoperative complications, specifically uveitis with obstructive PAS, following combined OMNI canaloplasty and Hydrus microstent with phacoemulsification, especially in patients with a history of autoimmune diseases. Careful preoperative history, postoperative monitoring, and a nuanced approach to surgical planning are crucial. The association between systemic inflammatory conditions and ocular complications warrants deeper exploration to ensure optimal patient care. How to cite this article Dossantos J, An J. A Rare Case of Postoperative Uveitis and Obstructive Peripheral Anterior Synechiae Following Combined OMNI Canaloplasty and Hydrus Microstent Implantation. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2024;18(1):37-41.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Dossantos
- Department of Ophthalmology, GW School of Medicine and Health Sciences (SMHS), Washington, DC, State of Washington, United States of America
| | - Jella An
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, State of Washington, United States of America
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3
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van Meerwijk C, Kuiper J, van Straalen J, Ayuso VK, Wennink R, Haasnoot AM, Kouwenberg C, de Boer J. Uveitis Associated with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2023; 31:1906-1914. [PMID: 37966463 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2023.2278060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common cause of uveitis in children. While symptoms are usually mild, persistent eye inflammation could lead to severe complications and impaired vision. It is essential that JIA patients at risk are diagnosed with uveitis early, receive adequate treatment, and avoid developing complications, such as cataract, glaucoma, and amblyopia. The purpose of this mini-review is to summarize the screening strategies and clinical management for JIA-associated uveitis (JIA-U) as well as the current state of molecular markers linked to this condition. Because glaucoma is one of the most common causes of visual loss in JIA-U, special focus will be put on this serious complication. We conclude by describing the current evidence regarding the long-standing question of whether chronic anterior uveitis without arthritis may be the same disease entity as JIA-U.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte van Meerwijk
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jonas Kuiper
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joeri van Straalen
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Viera Kalinina Ayuso
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Roos Wennink
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anne-Mieke Haasnoot
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Carlijn Kouwenberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joke de Boer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Gunay M, Uzlu D, Akyol N. Outcomes of Gonioscopy-Assisted Transluminal Trabeculotomy as a Primary Surgical Treatment for Glaucoma Secondary to Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-Associated Uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2023; 31:2060-2064. [PMID: 37343596 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2023.2221965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) has been used as a safe and effective procedure in the treatment of open angle glaucoma. In the present report, we demonstrated successful IOP control in two uveitic glaucoma cases secondary to juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) following 360° GATT. Case 1 was a 7-year-old pseudophakic male with a preoperative IOP of 38 mmHg; his IOP stabilized at 17 mmHg with two topical antiglaucoma medications over 18 months. Case 2 was a 8-year-old aphakic male with a preoperative IOP of 42 mmHg; his IOP decreased to 12 mmHg over 15 months. We observed postoperative IOP spike in case 1 which was successfully controlled conservatively. Peripheral anterior synechia formation also occured in both cases during follow-up. One should be vigilant for possible complications after GATT in such cases. As glaucoma surgery success can have a tendency to decline with time in pediatric cases with uveitis-associated glaucoma, we believe that further evidence is still required to shed more light about the benefits of GATT technique in complex cases of pediatric secondary glaucoma subtypes like JIAU-induced glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Gunay
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Dilek Uzlu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Nurettin Akyol
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuzey Eye Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey
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5
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Yokota C, Hirooka K, Okada N, Kiuchi Y. Risk and Prognostic Factors for Glaucoma Associated with Peters Anomaly. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6238. [PMID: 37834882 PMCID: PMC10573105 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma secondary to Peters anomaly is an important factor affecting visual prognosis, but there are few reports on the condition. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of glaucoma associated with Peters anomaly and glaucoma surgery outcomes. This retrospective study included 31 eyes of 20 patients with Peters anomaly. Peters anomaly was classified into three stages: Stage 1, with a posterior corneal defect only; Stage 2, a corneal defect with iridocorneal adhesion; and Stage 3, a corneal defect with lens abnormalities. The associations between glaucoma and anterior segment dysgenesis severity, visual prognosis, and glaucoma surgery outcomes were analyzed. Sixteen eyes of ten patients developed glaucoma. Stage 1 Peters anomaly had no glaucoma, 52% of Stage 2 had glaucoma, and 75% of Stage 3 had glaucoma. Of the 16 eyes with glaucoma, 11 underwent surgery. Eight of these eleven eyes achieved intraocular pressure (IOP) control. Five of the nine eyes that underwent trabeculotomy (TLO) succeeded, and none had corneal staphyloma. Three of the four eyes for which TLO was ineffective had corneal staphyloma (p = 0.0331). Patients with Peters anomaly are more likely to develop glaucoma as anterior segment dysgenesis progresses, and the effect of TLO is limited if corneal staphyloma is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Yokota
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (K.H.); (N.O.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federation of National Public Service and Affiliated Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Yoshijima Hospital, Hiroshima 730-0822, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Hirooka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (K.H.); (N.O.); (Y.K.)
| | - Naoki Okada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (K.H.); (N.O.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yoshiaki Kiuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (K.H.); (N.O.); (Y.K.)
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Aktas Z, Gulpinar Ikiz GD. Current surgical techniques for the management of pediatric glaucoma: A literature review. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2023; 3:1101281. [PMID: 38983044 PMCID: PMC11182127 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2023.1101281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Pediatric glaucoma surgery is challenging due to its diverse and complex pathophysiology, altered anterior segment anatomy, greater potential for failure, and complications compared to adult patients. Moreover, numerous challenges are associated with long-term postoperative management. Thus, when dealing with childhood glaucoma, it is important to consider the potential complications in addition to the benefits of each intervention. The purpose of this article is to review recently published literature to shed light on the most recent surgical techniques for the safe and effective treatment of childhood glaucoma. Current literature shows that goniotomy and trabeculotomy are the first choices for the management of primary congenital glaucoma. Although older children with phakic eyes seem to benefit from trabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin C, it carries a long-term risk of bleb-related endophthalmitis. Glaucoma drainage devices may be preferred for patients with secondary or refractory glaucoma. However, hypotony or tube-related complications are common and encountered more often in children than in adults. Cyclodestructive procedures are also an option for cases in which filtering surgery has failed, but they can also be used as a temporizing measure to reduce the rate of complications in high-risk patients. However, their outcomes can be unpredictable, in terms of efficiency and complications. Finally, minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) as the sole alternative treatment or as an adjunctive surgical procedure is a relatively new path for pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Aktas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Atilim University School of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
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Goniotomy for Non-Infectious Uveitic Glaucoma in Children. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062200. [PMID: 36983202 PMCID: PMC10057863 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary glaucoma is still a blinding complication in childhood uveitis, for which most commonly used surgical interventions (trabeculectomy or glaucoma drainage implant) involve multiple re-interventions and/or complications postoperatively. The goniotomy procedure has never been investigated in the current era, in which patients with pediatric uveitis receive biologics as immunosuppressive therapy for a prolonged period, with potential implications for the outcome. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a goniotomy procedure in pediatric non-infectious uveitis in a retrospective, multicenter case series. The primary outcomes were the postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), number of IOP-lowering medications, and success rate. Postoperative success was defined as 6 ≤ IOP ≤ 21 mmHg, without major complications or re-interventions. Fifteen eyes of ten children were included. Median age of the included patients at goniotomy was 7 years; median follow-up was 59 months. Median (interquartile range) IOP before surgery was 30 (26–34) mmHg with 4 (3–4) IOP-lowering medications. At 1, 2, and 5 years after goniotomy, median IOP was 15, 14, and 15 mmHg with 2 (0–2), 1 (0–2), and 0 (0–2) medications, respectively (p < 0.001 postoperatively versus preoperatively for all timepoints). Success rate was 100%, 93%, and 80% after 1, 2, and 5 years, respectively. There were no significant changes in visual acuity and uveitis activity or its treatment, and there were no major complications. Our results show that the goniotomy is an effective and safe surgery for children with uveitic glaucoma.
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8
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Balekudaru S, Shah D, Lingam V, George R, George AE, Ganesh SK, Biswas J, Majumder PD, Baskaran M. A comparative analysis of surgical outcome in uveitic and non-uveitic steroid-induced glaucoma in children. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:4218-4225. [PMID: 36453318 PMCID: PMC9940537 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1475_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare outcomes of surgical management of uveitic glaucoma (UG) and steroid-induced glaucoma (SIG) in children in terms of intraocular pressure (IOP) control, visual acuity, and associations for failure. Methods This was a retrospective case-control study of consecutive UG (cases) and non-uveitic SIG (controls) in children <18 years of age who underwent surgery between January 2005 and December 2017. Results Primary trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (MMC) was performed in 12 cases (mean age: 9.2 ± 4.3 years) and 40 controls (mean age: 10.4 ± 3.7 years) (P = 0.33). Primary phaco-trabeculectomy with MMC was performed in 11 cases (mean age: 11.4 ± 4.7 years) and 16 controls (mean age: 10.4 ± 3.4 years) (P = 0.57). IOP control (P = 0.26), visual acuity (P = 0.97), number of glaucoma medications (P = 0.06), and survival rates (49% cases vs. 68% controls at 5 years; P = 0.22) were similar between the two groups following trabeculectomy. Survival rates in the phaco-trabeculectomy group at 5 years were 68% cases vs. 69% controls (P = 0.71). IOP was higher (P = 0.008) and visual acuity was worse (P = 0.02) in cases at the last visit. Associations for failure (univariate analysis) were younger age (OR: 6.29, 95% CL: 1.43, 27.67; P = 0.03) and male gender (OR: 4.79, 95% CL: 1.09, 20.97; P = 0.04). On multivariate analysis, younger age (OR: 11.985, 95% CL: 1.071, 134.153; P = 0.04) remained significant. Preoperative number of uveitic attacks was protective on univariate (OR: 0.75, 95% CL: 0.48, 1.15; P = 0.1) and multivariate analyses (OR: 0.49, 95% CL: 0.24, 0.09; P = 0.04). Conclusion Outcomes of trabeculectomy between cases and controls were similar in our series. However, phaco-trabeculectomy in pediatric uveitic eye group fared worse than eyes with SIG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantha Balekudaru
- Smt Jadhavbai Nathamal Singhvee Glaucoma Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India,Correspondence to: Dr. Shantha Balekudaru, New No: 41, Old No: 18 College Road, Nungambakkam, Chennai - 600 006, Tamil Nadu, India. E-mail:
| | - Deep Shah
- Smt Jadhavbai Nathamal Singhvee Glaucoma Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vijaya Lingam
- Smt Jadhavbai Nathamal Singhvee Glaucoma Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ronnie George
- Smt Jadhavbai Nathamal Singhvee Glaucoma Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amala Elizabeth George
- Department of Uvea, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sudha K Ganesh
- Department of Uvea, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jyotirmay Biswas
- Department of Uvea, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Mani Baskaran
- Smt Jadhavbai Nathamal Singhvee Glaucoma Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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9
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Pillai MR, Balasubramaniam N. Commentary: Surgical outcomes in uveitic glaucoma and steroid-induced glaucoma in children: Between the two evils. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:4225-4227. [PMID: 36453319 PMCID: PMC9940525 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2255_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manju R Pillai
- Glaucoma Services, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India,Correspondence to: Dr. Manju R Pillai, DO DNB, Aravind Eye Hospital, 1 Anna Nagar, Madurai - 625 020, Tamil Nadu, India. E-mail:
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10
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van Meerwijk CLLI, Jansonius NM, Los LI. Uveitic glaucoma in children: a systematic review on surgical outcomes. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect 2022; 12:35. [DOI: 10.1186/s12348-022-00313-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
To compare the outcomes and complications of different surgical interventions for secondary glaucoma in pediatric uveitis.
Methods
Systematic review following the PRISMA standards. Main inclusion criteria were surgery for secondary glaucoma in pediatric uveitis at a mean age of 16 years or below, a mean follow-up period of at least 1 year after surgery, and at least 10 eyes per surgical intervention per study. We used the GRADE approach to assess study quality. Primary outcomes were intraocular pressure (IOP) and number of IOP lowering medications before and after surgery. Secondary outcomes were success rate and complications.
Results
Fourteen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, in which one (n = 11) or more (n = 3) surgical interventions were described, comprising in total six different procedures. According to the GRADE criteria, the quality of the studies was low to very low, in particular because of the small size and the applied study designs. All surgical interventions provided a significant decrease in IOP and number of IOP lowering medications. The success rates during follow-up varied widely, with the lowest rates of success after cyclophotocoagulation. The most frequently reported complications were ocular hypertension, hypotony, and hyphema, with an indication for a reoperation in more than one-third of the cases. Permanent vision loss was infrequently seen and was attributed to prolonged hypotony.
Conclusions
The described surgical interventions are able to prevent blindness by lowering a medically uncontrolled IOP to an acceptable level. Therefore, there is a crucial role for surgical intervention in these children. Based on the present studies, no preferences can be made. Given the reported complications, more research with larger sample sizes and direct comparisons is needed to determine the most successful glaucoma treatment in children with uveitis.
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11
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Carrabba N, Zhaver D, Blieden LS. Surgical Management of Secondary Pediatric Glaucoma. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2022; 62:111-130. [PMID: 34965230 DOI: 10.1097/iio.0000000000000390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Belkin A, Chaban YV, Waldner D, Samet S, Ahmed IIK, Gooi P, Schlenker MB. Gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy is an effective surgical treatment for uveitic glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 2021; 107:690-697. [PMID: 34930723 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-320270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the efficacy and safety of gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) in uveitic glaucoma (UG). METHODS A retrospective interventional case series in which 33 eyes of 32 patients with UG underwent GATT with or without concomitant cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation (CE/IOL) at three Canadian treatment centres from October 2015 to 2020. The main outcome measure was surgical success defined as an intraocular pressure (IOP) ≤18 mm Hg and at least one of the following: IOP within one mm Hg of baseline on fewer glaucoma medications as compared with baseline or a 30% IOP reduction from baseline on the same or fewer medications. Secondary outcome measures were IOP, medication usage and surgical complications. RESULTS Mean patient age (mean±SD) was 49±16 years (range: 18-79) and 44% were female. GATT was performed as a standalone procedure in 52% of cases and the remainder were combined with CE/IOL. Surgical success was achieved in 71.8% (SE: 8.7%) of cases. Mean preoperative IOP (±SD) was 31.4±10.8 mm Hg on a median of 4 medications. 59% of patients were on oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) prior to surgery. After 1 year, average IOP was 13.8 mm Hg on a median 1 medication, with 6% of patients being on oral CAIs. No sight threatening complications occurred during surgery or follow-up. CONCLUSION GATT is an effective surgical strategy in the management of UG. This microinvasive conjunctival-sparing procedure should be considered early in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avner Belkin
- Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel .,Department of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yuri Valere Chaban
- University of Toronto Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Derek Waldner
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Saba Samet
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Iqbal Ike K Ahmed
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick Gooi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew B Schlenker
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Neves LM, Haefeli LM, Hopker LM, Ejzenbaum F, Moraes do Nascimento H, Aikawa N, Hilario MO, Magalhães CS, Terreri MT, Sztajnbok F, Silva C, Rossetto JD. Monitoring and Treatment of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-associated Uveitis: Brazilian Evidence-based Practice Guidelines. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2021; 30:1384-1398. [PMID: 33826468 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2021.1876886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To present a national guideline for ophthalmologic care and surveillance of juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis (JIA-uveitis).Methods: Review article based on medical literature and the experience of an Expert Committee composed of members of the Brazilian Society of Pediatric Ophthalmology/Brazilian Council of Ophthalmology and the Brazilian Society of Pediatrics/Brazilian Society of Rheumatology. Studies with a high level of evidence were selected by searching the PubMed/Medline database. The final document was approved by the experts.Results: The main recommendations are that children/adolescents with JIA should undergo screening according to their risk factors. Ophthalmological checkups should also consider ocular inflammation and therapy. Topical glucocorticoids should be the first line of therapy, with systemic glucocorticoids acting as bridge treatments in severe uveitis. Methotrexate should be the first-line systemic therapy and anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF alpha) the second for uncontrolled uveitis.Conclusions: This evidence-based guideline for JIA-uveitis will be useful for both ophthalmology and rheumatology practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Neves
- Ophthalmology Department, Instituto Nacional De Saúde Da Mulher, Da Criança E Do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Brazilian Society of Pediatric Ophthalmology (SBOP), Sao Paulo/SP, Brazil.,Brazilian Council of Ophthalmology (CBO), Sao Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - L M Haefeli
- Ophthalmology Department, Instituto Nacional De Saúde Da Mulher, Da Criança E Do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Brazilian Society of Pediatric Ophthalmology (SBOP), Sao Paulo/SP, Brazil.,Brazilian Council of Ophthalmology (CBO), Sao Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - L M Hopker
- Brazilian Society of Pediatric Ophthalmology (SBOP), Sao Paulo/SP, Brazil.,Brazilian Council of Ophthalmology (CBO), Sao Paulo/SP, Brazil.,Ophthalmology Department, Hospital De Olhos Do Paraná, Curitiba/PR, Brazil.,Brazilian Society of Pediatrics (SBP), Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil
| | - F Ejzenbaum
- Brazilian Society of Pediatric Ophthalmology (SBOP), Sao Paulo/SP, Brazil.,Brazilian Council of Ophthalmology (CBO), Sao Paulo/SP, Brazil.,Brazilian Society of Pediatrics (SBP), Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil.,Ophthalmology Department, Santa Casa De Misericórdia De São Paulo Sao Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - H Moraes do Nascimento
- Brazilian Council of Ophthalmology (CBO), Sao Paulo/SP, Brazil.,Ophthalmology and Visual Science Department, Federal University of Sao Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - N Aikawa
- Brazilian Society of Pediatrics (SBP), Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil.,Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, Hospital Das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade De Medicina, Universidade De Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Brazilian Society of Rheumatology (SBR), Sao Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - M O Hilario
- Brazilian Society of Pediatrics (SBP), Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil.,Brazilian Society of Rheumatology (SBR), Sao Paulo/SP, Brazil.,Pediatric Department, Santa Casa De Misericórdia De Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil
| | - C S Magalhães
- Brazilian Society of Pediatrics (SBP), Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil.,Brazilian Society of Rheumatology (SBR), Sao Paulo/SP, Brazil.,Pediatric Rheumatology Division, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu/SP, Brazil
| | - M T Terreri
- Brazilian Society of Pediatrics (SBP), Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil.,Brazilian Society of Rheumatology (SBR), Sao Paulo/SP, Brazil.,Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - F Sztajnbok
- Brazilian Society of Pediatrics (SBP), Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil.,Brazilian Society of Rheumatology (SBR), Sao Paulo/SP, Brazil.,Pediatric Department, Instituto De Puericultura E Pediatria Martagão Gesteira - IPPMG/Federal University of Rio De Janeiro - UFRJ - Rio De Janeiro/RJ, Brazil
| | - Caa Silva
- Brazilian Society of Pediatrics (SBP), Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil.,Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, Hospital Das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade De Medicina, Universidade De Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Brazilian Society of Rheumatology (SBR), Sao Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - J D Rossetto
- Brazilian Society of Pediatric Ophthalmology (SBOP), Sao Paulo/SP, Brazil.,Brazilian Council of Ophthalmology (CBO), Sao Paulo/SP, Brazil.,Brazilian Society of Pediatrics (SBP), Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil.,Ophthalmology and Visual Science Department, Federal University of Sao Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Pediatric Department, Instituto De Puericultura E Pediatria Martagão Gesteira - IPPMG/Federal University of Rio De Janeiro - UFRJ - Rio De Janeiro/RJ, Brazil
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14
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Gonioscopy-assisted Transluminal Trabeculotomy in Uveitic Glaucoma Secondary to Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. J Glaucoma 2020; 29:e116-e119. [PMID: 32826770 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000001641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) is a minimally invasive ab interno procedure, performed with guidance of an illuminating microcatheter device (iTrack). The pathophysiology of raised intraocular pressure (IOP) in uveitic glaucoma is commonly due to increased resistance at the trabecular meshwork-Schlemm canal. By removing this resistance, GATT can potentially control the IOP. In addition, the ab interno approach avoids violating the conjunctiva and reduces the risk of complications including infection, leak, and hypotony. In this series, we discuss 3 uveitic glaucoma cases secondary to juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) that underwent GATT. Case 1 was a 16-year-old phakic female with a preoperative IOP of 25 to 33 mm Hg had 360-degree GATT; her IOP remained stable at 6 to 10 mm Hg over 14 months. Case 2 was a 23-year-old pseudophakic female with a preoperative IOP of 28 to 34 mm Hg had 180-degree GATT; her IOP reduced to 8 mm Hg over 10 months. Case 3 was an 8-year-old aphakic male with a preoperative IOP of 21 to 32 mm Hg had 360-degree GATT; his IOP remained stable at 13 to 15 mm Hg over 21 months. In our limited case series, GATT is very successful in controlling IOP in young uveitic patients with JIA by surgically targeting the underlying pathophysiology.
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15
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Kesav N, Palestine AG, Kahook MY, Pantcheva MB. Current management of uveitis-associated ocular hypertension and glaucoma. Surv Ophthalmol 2020; 65:397-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Zepeda EM, Branham K, Moroi SE, Bohnsack BL. Surgical outcomes of Glaucoma associated with Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome. BMC Ophthalmol 2020; 20:172. [PMID: 32357855 PMCID: PMC7193416 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01417-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The surgical management of glaucoma associated with Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome (ARS) is poorly described in the literature. The goal of this study is to compare the effectiveness of various glaucoma surgeries on intraocular pressure (IOP) management in ARS. Methods Retrospective cohort study at a university hospital-based practice of patients diagnosed with ARS between 1973 and 2018. Exclusion criterion was follow-up less than 1 year. The number of eyes with glaucoma (IOP ≥ 21 mmHg with corneal edema, Haabs striae, optic nerve cupping or buphthalmos) requiring surgery was determined. The success and survival rates of goniotomy, trabeculotomy±trabeculectomy (no antifibrotics), cycloablation, trabeculectomy with anti-fibrotics, and glaucoma drainage device placement were assessed. Success was defined as IOP of 5-20 mmHg and no additional IOP-lowering surgery or visually devastating complications. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and the Wilcoxon test were used for statistical analysis. Results In 32 patients identified with ARS (median age at presentation 6.9 years, 0–58.7 years; median follow-up 5.4 years, 1.1–43.7 years), 23 (71.9%) patients were diagnosed with glaucoma at median age 6.3 years (0–57.9 years). In glaucomatous eyes (46 eyes), mean IOP at presentation was 21.8 ± 9.3 mmHg (median 20 mmHg, 4-45 mmHg) on 1.0 ± 1.6 glaucoma medications. Thirty-one eyes of 18 patients required glaucoma surgery with 2.2 ± 1.2 IOP-lowering surgeries per eye. Goniotomy (6 eyes) showed 43% success with 4.3 ± 3.9 years of IOP control. Trabeculotomy±trabeculectomy (6 eyes) had 17% success rate with 14.8 ± 12.7 years of IOP control. Trabeculectomy with anti-fibrotics (14 eyes) showed 57% success with 16.5 ± 13.5 years of IOP control. Ahmed© (FP7 or FP8) valve placement (8 eyes) had 25% success rate with 1.7 ± 1.9 years of IOP control. Baerveldt© (250 or 350) device placement (8 eyes) showed 70% success with 1.9 ± 2.3 years of IOP control. Cycloablation (4 eyes) had 33% success rate with 2.7 ± 3.5 years of IOP control. At final follow-up, mean IOP (12.6 ± 3.8 mmHg, median 11.8 mmHg, 7-19 mmHg) in glaucomatous eyes was significantly decreased (p < 0.0001), but there was no difference in number of glaucoma medications (1.6 ± 1.5, p = 0.1). Conclusions In our series, greater than 70% of patients with ARS have secondary glaucoma that often requires multiple surgeries. Trabeculectomy with anti-fibrotics and Baerveldt glaucoma drainage devices showed the greatest success in obtaining IOP control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Zepeda
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Kari Branham
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Sayoko E Moroi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Brenda L Bohnsack
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
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17
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Rate of Complete Catheterization of Schlemm's Canal and Trabeculotomy Success in Primary and Secondary Childhood Glaucomas. Am J Ophthalmol 2020; 212:69-78. [PMID: 31836332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite the increasing use of microcatheters to perform 360-degree trabeculotomy, the rate of complete Schlemm's canalization in different forms of pediatric glaucoma is under-reported. DESIGN Retrospective institutional observational case series. METHODS Ocular diagnoses and surgical details of 60 pediatric patients (≤18 years old) who underwent trabeculotomy between 2013 and 2019 were collected. Surgical success was defined as an intraocular pressure (IOP) of 5-20 mm Hg and no additional IOP-lowering surgery. RESULTS Eighty-five eyes of 60 patients underwent trabeculotomy. For bilateral cases, the first eye to undergo surgery was included for analysis. Diagnoses included primary congenital glaucoma (PCG n = 22), juvenile open angle glaucoma (JOAG n = 16), glaucoma following cataract surgery (GFCS n = 15), and other secondary forms of glaucoma (n = 7). Canalization using a microcatheter was attempted in 52 of 60 eyes (87%) of which 21 (40%) achieved full 360-degree. Complete canalization was attained in 69% of JOAG patients, which was significantly higher than in PCG patients (22%; P = 0.007), but not GFCS (36%) and other secondary glaucoma (29%). The 5-year survival rate for all eyes was 75% with 95% confidence interval (CI), 57 to 86. Survival curves for 360-degree catheter, 270-degree to 360-degree combined catheter/Harms trabeculotome, and <180-degree Harms trabeculotome trabeculotomies were significantly different (P < 0.001) with 5-year survival rates of 100%, 69% with 95% CI, 16 to 93, and 48% with 95% CI, 29 to 64, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A 360-degree catheter trabeculotomy is highly effective in obtaining IOP control; however, complete canalization of Schlemm's canal is most frequently achieved in JOAG patients. Congenital anomalies or scarring from previous surgeries, which prevents full canalization, may inherently decrease success of angle surgery in other glaucoma.
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18
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The management of pediatric glaucoma poses a unique challenge in terms of maintaining lifelong vision and combating an aggressive scarring response from surgery. Contemporary literature regarding the surgical management of children with pediatric glaucoma who fail, or are at a high risk of failure, from conventional surgery is limited. The aim of this review is to highlight recent developments in relation to the current opinion regarding the management of children with refractory pediatric glaucoma. RECENT FINDINGS Some studies have reported impressive success rates with circumferential trabeculotomy, even in eyes with previous failed surgery. Early results of deep sclerectomy in populations which may not respond well to conventional angle surgery are encouraging but data is limited for the pediatric age group. In compliant patients in whom multiple postoperative examinations under anesthesia are possible, trabeculectomy remains an effective procedure. Multiple recent studies have demonstrated that glaucoma drainage device (GDD) surgery is associated with 5-year success rates of over 70% in primary childhood glaucomas. SUMMARY Glaucoma drainage device surgery is likely to remain a mainstay of surgical management for refractory glaucoma in older children. More prospective data are needed on the success of circumferential trabeculotomy, deep sclerectomy and micropulse laser in pediatric eyes with previous failed surgery. VIDEO ABSTRACT: http://links.lww.com/COOP/A34.
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19
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Kalogeropoulos D, Kalogeropoulos C, Moschos MM, Sung V. The Management of Uveitic Glaucoma in Children. Turk J Ophthalmol 2020; 49:283-293. [PMID: 31650812 PMCID: PMC6823581 DOI: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2019.36589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Children comprise a unique population of patients in regard to the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of uveitic glaucoma. The management of glaucoma secondary to uveitis in children is extremely challenging and presents various difficulties, which are associated both with the underlying uveitis and the young age of the patients. The treatment of uveitic glaucoma calls for a thorough and individualized approach, involving both pharmacotherapeutic and surgical modalities. It appears that the efficient control of inflammatory activity plays a significant role in the final visual outcome of these patients. This study aims to review the current literature about the management of uveitic glaucoma in pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Kalogeropoulos
- Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Christos Kalogeropoulos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Marilita M. Moschos
- First Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Athens G. Gennimatas, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Velota Sung
- Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, United Kingdom
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20
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Areaux RG, Grajewski AL, Balasubramaniam S, Brandt JD, Jun A, Edmunds B, Shyne MT, Bitrian E. Trabeculotomy Ab Interno With the Trab360 Device for Childhood Glaucomas. Am J Ophthalmol 2020; 209:178-186. [PMID: 31647927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report outcomes and complications of trabeculotomy ab interno using the Trab360 device (Trab360; Sight Sciences, Menlo Park, California, USA) in eyes with childhood glaucomas. DESIGN Multicenter retrospective interventional case series. METHODS Eyes with childhood glaucomas that underwent Trab360 with at least 3 months follow-up were evaluated. Postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) less than or equal to 24 mm Hg with or without medications and no additional surgery defined success. RESULTS Forty-six eyes of 41 patients were included. Median age at surgery was 12 months (range 1-325 months, mean 71 months); 54% prior to 20 months. A total of 48% were right eyes; 48% were male. Mean treatment was 290°. Median follow-up was 14.5 months (range 6-34 months, mean 16.2 months). Median preoperative IOP was 30 mm Hg (range 18-49 mm Hg, mean 30.9 mm Hg); median postoperative IOP was 18 mm Hg (range 5-40 mm Hg, mean 20.3 mm Hg]. Median number of preoperative glaucoma medications was 2.5 (range 0-5, mean 2.6); median number postoperatively was 1 (range 0-4, mean 1.6). Success was achieved in 67.4% (95% CI: 51.9%-80.0%) of eyes. Among 40 eyes for which Trab360 was the first glaucoma surgery, success rate was 70% (95% CI 53.3%-82.9%). Success was achieved in 81% (95% CI 57.4%-93.7%) of primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) eyes. Among 18 PCG eyes for which Trab360 was the first glaucoma surgery, success rate was 83.3% (95% CI 57.7%-95.6%). Two eyes (4.3%) suffered cyclodialysis. There were no other significant complications. CONCLUSIONS Trab360 success resembles literature on other angle surgeries for childhood glaucomas. Good surgical technique and caution in high-risk angles is imperative to avoid cyclodialysis. Our study is limited by the imperfections inherent in any retrospective analysis. Single-incision ab interno trabeculotomy with the Trab360 device is effective and safe for treating childhood glaucomas, especially PCG.
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21
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Kim L, Li A, Angeles-Han S, Yeh S, Shantha J. Update on the management of uveitis in children: an overview for the clinician. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2019; 14:211-218. [PMID: 32831897 PMCID: PMC7437956 DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2019.1663731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pediatric uveitis comprises a range of ocular inflammatory diseases that may lead to vision impairment, often due to ocular complications from the disease itself or side effects of therapies. The impact on vision, visual functioning, and vision-related quality-of-life over the lifetime horizon can be substantial, underscoring the importance of appropriate ophthalmic evaluation, diagnostic testing and treatment. This review focuses on the anatomic classification, laboratory diagnosis, associated systemic diseases, and management of pediatric uveitis. AREAS COVERED A review of the literature was performed to synthesize our current understanding of the anatomic classification of pediatric uveitis, disease epidemiology, associated systemic diseases, and management principles. We also review important corticosteroid-sparing strategies including non-biologic and biologic agents such as the anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha family of medications, given their key role in the treatment of pediatric uveitis, particularly juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Recent advances in the assessment of vision-related quality-of-life using the Effects of Youngsters' Eyesight on Quality of Life (EYE-Q) instrument are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Pediatric uveitis can lead to long-term vision impairment if not appropriately screened and treated. JIA is the most common systemic disease associated with uveitis, is typically asymptomatic, and thus requires rigorous screening to detect uveitis and avoid secondary ocular complications. While topical and systemic corticosteroids are useful for the acute treatment of uveitis, the disease chronicity of many pediatric uveitis syndromes including JIA, often warrants early escalation of therapy to immunosuppressive medications including methotrexate (MTX) and anti-TNF-alpha inhibitors. Future directions include an improved understanding of risk factors for uveitis and better metrics to evaluate the impact of disease on vision-related quality-of-life of pediatric uveitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Kim
- Mercer University School of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Alexa Li
- Emory Eye Center, Emory University School of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sheila Angeles-Han
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Steven Yeh
- Emory Eye Center, Emory University School of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jessica Shantha
- Emory Eye Center, Emory University School of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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22
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Efficacy of Goniotomy With Kahook Dual Blade in Patients With Uveitis-associated Ocular Hypertension. J Glaucoma 2019; 28:744-748. [DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000001298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Wang Q, Thau A, Levin AV, Lee D. Ocular hypotony: A comprehensive review. Surv Ophthalmol 2019; 64:619-638. [PMID: 31029581 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ocular hypotony is an infrequent, yet potentially vision-threatening, entity. The list of differential causes is extensive, involving any condition that may compromise aqueous humor dynamics or the integrity of the globe and sometimes following medical treatments or procedures. Depending on the cause and the clinical impact, treatment options aim to correct the underlying pathology and to reestablish anatomical integrity, as well as visual function. We review the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, different causes, and associated therapeutic options of ocular hypotony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal Quebec, Canada
| | - Avrey Thau
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alex V Levin
- Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel Lee
- Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Abstract
Pediatric uveitis differs from adult-onset uveitis and is a topic of special interest because of its diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Children with uveitis are often asymptomatic and the uveitis is often chronic, persistent, recurrent, and resistant to conventional treatment. Anterior uveitis is the most common type of uveitis in children; the prevalence of intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis varies geographically and among ethnic groups. Regarding etiology, most cases of pediatric uveitis are idiopathic but can be due to systemic inflammatory disorders, infections, or a manifestation of masquerade syndrome. Ocular complications include cataracts, hypotony or glaucoma, band keratopathy, synechiae formation, macular edema, optic disc edema, choroidal neovascular membranes, and retinal detachment. These complications are often severe, leading to irreversible structural damage and significant visual disability due to delayed presentation and diagnosis, persistent chronic inflammation from suboptimal treatment, topical and systemic corticosteroid dependence, and delayed initiation of systemic disease‒modifying agents. Treatment for noninfectious uveitis is a stepwise approach starting with corticosteroids. Immunomodulatory therapy should be initiated in cases where quiescence cannot be achieved without steroid dependence. Patients should be monitored regularly for complications of uveitis along with systemic and ocular adverse effects from treatments. The goals are to achieve steroid-free durable remission, to reduce the risk of sight-threatening complications from the uncontrolled ocular inflammation, and to avoid the impact of lifelong burden of visual loss on the child and their family. Multidisciplinary management will ensure holistic care of affected children and improve the support for their families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessy Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Sheffield Children NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Ophthalmology Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
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25
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Eksioglu U, Yakin M, Sungur G, Satana B, Demirok G, Balta O, Ornek F. Short- to long-term results of Ahmed glaucoma valve in the management of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with pediatric uveitis. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2017; 52:295-301. [PMID: 28576212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implant for elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in pediatric patients with uveitis. DESIGN This was a retrospective chart review. PARTICIPANTS The study included 16 eyes (11 children) with uveitis. METHODS Success was defined as having IOP between 6 and 21 mm Hg with (qualified success) or without (complete success) antiglaucoma medications and without the need for further glaucoma or tube extraction surgery. RESULTS Mean age of patients at the time of AGV implantation was 14.19 ± 3.25 years. AGV implantation was the first glaucoma surgical procedure in 12 eyes (75%). Average postoperative follow-up period was 64.46 ± 33.56 months. Mean preoperative IOP was 33.50 ± 7.30 mm Hg versus 12.69 ± 3.20 mm Hg at the last follow-up visit (p < 0.001). Three eyes (18.7%) were determined as cases of "failure" because of tube removal in 2 eyes and a second AGV implantation in 1 eye. The cumulative probability of complete success was 68.8% at 6 months, 56.3% at 12 months, 49.2% at 36 months, 42.2% at 48 months, and 35.2% at 84 months, and the cumulative probability of eyes without complication was 75.0% at 6 months, 66.7% at 24 months, 58.3% at 36 months, 48.6% at 48 months and 24.3% at 108 months based on Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. CONCLUSIONS Although AGV implant is an effective choice in the management of elevated IOP in pediatric uveitis, antiglaucoma medications are frequently needed for control of IOP. Tube exposure is an important complication in the long term. Differential diagnosis between relapse of uveitis and endophthalmitis is important in patients who received AGV implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umit Eksioglu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Altindag, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Yakin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Altindag, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Gulten Sungur
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Altindag, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Banu Satana
- Beyoglu Eye Research and Training Hospital, Beyoglu, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulizar Demirok
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Altindag, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Balta
- Dr. Nafiz Korez Sincan State Hospital, Sincan, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Firdevs Ornek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Altindag, Ankara, Turkey
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26
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Nuyen B, Weinreb RN, Robbins SL. Steroid-induced glaucoma in the pediatric population. J AAPOS 2017; 21:1-6. [PMID: 28087345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2016.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Steroid medications may cause elevation of intraocular pressure, sometimes with permanent damage to the optic nerve. These therapies, via various routes of administration, are commonly prescribed for children, but the potential sequelae of elevated intraocular pressure and glaucomatous optic nerve damage can be even more severe and devastating in children than in adults. This review discusses the pathophysiology and potential risk factors, including the impact of intraocular pressure elevation via the different common routes of administration of steroids, clinical evaluation, and management of steroid response and steroid-induced glaucoma in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Nuyen
- Ratner Children's Eye Center at the Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Robert N Weinreb
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Shira L Robbins
- Ratner Children's Eye Center at the Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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27
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28
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29
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Clarke SLN, Sen ES, Ramanan AV. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2016; 14:27. [PMID: 27121190 PMCID: PMC4848803 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-016-0088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic disease of childhood, with JIA-associated uveitis its most common extra-articular manifestation. JIA-associated uveitis is a potentially sight-threatening condition and thus carries a considerable risk of morbidity. The aetiology of the condition is autoimmune in nature with the predominant involvement of CD4(+) T cells. However, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear, particularly regarding interplay between genetic and environmental factors. JIA-associated uveitis comes in several forms, but the most common presentation is of the chronic anterior uveitis type. This condition is usually asymptomatic and thus screening for JIA-associated uveitis in at-risk patients is paramount. Early detection and treatment aims to stop inflammation and prevent the development of complications leading to visual loss, which can occur due to both active disease and burden of disease treatment. Visually disabling complications of JIA-associated uveitis include cataracts, glaucoma, band keratopathy and macular oedema. There is a growing body of evidence for the early introduction of systemic immunosuppressive therapies in order to reduce topical and systemic glucocorticoid use. This includes more traditional treatments, such as methotrexate, as well as newer biological therapies. This review highlights the epidemiology of JIA-associated uveitis, the underlying pathogenesis and how affected patients may present. The current guidelines and criteria for screening, diagnosis and monitoring are discussed along with approaches to management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. N. Clarke
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8BJ UK ,School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ethan S. Sen
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8BJ UK ,School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Athimalaipet V. Ramanan
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8BJ UK ,School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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SUBRETINAL CANNULATION AS A COMPLICATION OF SUTURE TRABECULOTOMY SURGERY IN A PEDIATRIC PATIENT. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2016; 11:79-82. [PMID: 26967964 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0000000000000294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report a case of inadvertent subretinal cannulation of ab externo suture trabeculotomy surgery associated with serous macular detachment. METHODS Retrospective case report. Ophthalmic examination and portable spectral domain optical coherence tomography (Envisu C2300; Bioptogen, Morrisville, NC) were performed under general anesthesia. RESULTS A 5-year-old girl with uveitis secondary to oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis underwent trabeculotomy surgery of the left eye for steroid-induced glaucoma refractory to medical management. The surgery was complicated by inadvertent subretinal cannulation with the prolene suture. Multiple, arcuate, hypopigmented subretinal tracks, originating from the ora serrata, were observed. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography images through the macula revealed subretinal fluid overlying funduscopically visible tracks, defects in photoreceptor outer segments overlying the tracks, and normal choroidal anatomy. The serous macular detachment resolved spontaneously after 4 months and visual acuity returned to baseline 20/25 in the left eye, consistent with reversible localized damage to the outer retina and retinal pigment epithelium. CONCLUSION We report a case of inadvertent subretinal cannulation during suture trabeculotomy surgery that resulted in serous macular detachment which resolved spontaneously. The inadvertent complication demonstrated a pathway for administration of therapeutics to the subretinal space.
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Abu Samra K, Sahawneh H, Foster CS. The role of biologic response modifiers in the management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated uveitis: a review. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1586/17469899.2016.1162097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Hawkins MJ, Dick AD, Lee RJ, Ramanan AV, Carreño E, Guly CM, Ross AH. Managing juvenile idiopathic arthritis–associated uveitis. Surv Ophthalmol 2016; 61:197-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Abu Samra K, Maghsoudlou A, Roohipoor R, Valdes-Navarro M, Lee S, Foster CS. Current Treatment Modalities of JIA-associated Uveitis and its Complications: Literature Review. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2016; 24:431-9. [PMID: 26765345 DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2015.1115878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Uveitis is a common and serious complication of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Up to 75% of all cases of anterior uveitis in childhood are associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Despite the remarkable progress in early detection and treatment of inflammation, vision-threatening complications of uveitis still occur in almost 60% of patients. Structural complications include band keratopathy, maculopathy (macular edema, macular cysts, and epiretinal membrane), glaucomatous optic neuropathy, and cataracts. The management of complications in juvenile idiopathic arthritis is usually complex and requires early surgical intervention. In this paper, we review the general concepts of common ocular complications seen in patients with JIA-associated uveitis, with special attention to the recent diagnostic and preferred treatment approaches at the Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution. Received 9 March 2015; revised 30 September 2015; accepted 30 October 2015; published online 14 January 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawla Abu Samra
- a Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution (MERSI) , Waltham , Massachusetts , USA.,b Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation (OIUF) , Waltham , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Armin Maghsoudlou
- a Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution (MERSI) , Waltham , Massachusetts , USA.,b Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation (OIUF) , Waltham , Massachusetts , USA.,c Department of Ophthalmology , Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA.,d Harvard Medical School , Cambridge , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Ramak Roohipoor
- a Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution (MERSI) , Waltham , Massachusetts , USA.,b Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation (OIUF) , Waltham , Massachusetts , USA.,e Department of Ophthalmology , Farabi Eye Hospital , Tehran , Iran.,f Eye Research Centre , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,g Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary , Cambridge , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Manuel Valdes-Navarro
- a Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution (MERSI) , Waltham , Massachusetts , USA.,b Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation (OIUF) , Waltham , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Stacey Lee
- a Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution (MERSI) , Waltham , Massachusetts , USA.,b Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation (OIUF) , Waltham , Massachusetts , USA
| | - C Stephen Foster
- a Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution (MERSI) , Waltham , Massachusetts , USA.,b Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation (OIUF) , Waltham , Massachusetts , USA.,d Harvard Medical School , Cambridge , Massachusetts , USA.,g Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary , Cambridge , Massachusetts , USA
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Abstract
Childhood glaucoma is known to be one of the most challenging conditions to manage. Surgical management is more complicated than in adults because of differences in anatomy from adults along with variations in anatomy caused by congenital and developmental anomalies, wide-ranging pathogenetic mechanisms, a more aggressive healing response, and a less predictable postoperative course. Challenges in postoperative examination and management in less cooperative children and the longer life expectancies preempting the need for future surgeries and reinterventions are also contributing factors. Angle surgery is usually the first-line treatment in the surgical management of primary congenital glaucoma because it has a relatively good success rate with a low complication rate. After failed angle surgery or in cases of secondary pediatric glaucoma, options such as trabeculectomy, glaucoma drainage devices, or cyclodestructive procedures can be considered, depending on several factors such as the type of glaucoma, age of the patient, and the severity and prognosis of the disease. Various combinations of these techniques have also been studied, in particular combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy, which has been shown to be successful in patients with moderate-to-advanced disease. Newer nonpenetrating techniques, such as viscocanalostomy and deep sclerectomy, have been reported in some studies with variable results. Further studies are needed to evaluate these newer surgical techniques, including the use of modern minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries, in this special and diverse group of young patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yar-Li Tan
- From the Glaucoma Service, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore; and Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
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van Walraven C, McAlister FA. Competing risk bias was common in Kaplan–Meier risk estimates published in prominent medical journals. J Clin Epidemiol 2016; 69:170-3.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Current Approach in the Diagnosis and Management of Uveitic Glaucoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:742792. [PMID: 26558280 PMCID: PMC4628996 DOI: 10.1155/2015/742792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Uveitic glaucoma (UG) typically is associated with very high intraocular pressure (IOP) and more intense optic nerve damage than other glaucoma types. This secondary glaucoma requires an early diagnosis and adequate management of both uveitis and glaucoma. It is mandatory to identify the mechanisms of IOP elevation that in many eyes have multiple combined mechanisms. Management of these patients commonly requires an interdisciplinary approach that includes a glaucoma specialist and rheumatologist to control the inflammation and IOP. Glaucoma surgery is required early in these patients due to the high IOP usually present and is less successful than in primary open-angle glaucoma. Recurrent uveitic episodes, multiple mechanism, and the complications associated with uveitis make surgical management of UG challenging. In this review, the management and treatment of UG are updated to clarify the pathogenesis and prevent optic nerve damage.
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Abstract
Uveitis is a potentially sight-threatening complication of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). JIA-associated uveitis is recognized to have an autoimmune aetiology characterized by activation of CD4(+) T cells, but the underlying mechanisms might overlap with those of autoinflammatory conditions involving activation of innate immunity. As no animal model recapitulates all the features of JIA-associated uveitis, questions remain regarding its pathogenesis. The most common form of JIA-associated uveitis is chronic anterior uveitis, which is usually asymptomatic initially. Effective screening is, therefore, essential to detect early disease and commence treatment before the development of visually disabling complications, such as cataracts, glaucoma, band keratopathy and cystoid macular oedema. Complications can result from uncontrolled intraocular inflammation as well as from its treatment, particularly prolonged use of high-dose topical corticosteroids. Accumulating evidence supports the early introduction of systemic immunosuppressive drugs, such as methotrexate, as steroid-sparing agents. Prospective randomized controlled trials of TNF inhibitors and other biologic therapies are underway or planned. Future research should aim to identify biomarkers to predict which children are at high risk of developing JIA-associated uveitis or have a poor prognosis. Such biomarkers could help to ensure that patients receive earlier interventions and more-potent therapy, with the ultimate aim of reducing loss of vision and ocular morbidity.
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Bou R, Adán A, Borrás F, Bravo B, Calvo I, De Inocencio J, Díaz J, Escudero J, Fonollosa A, de Vicuña CG, Hernández V, Merino R, Peralta J, Rúa MJ, Tejada P, Antón J. Clinical management algorithm of uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: interdisciplinary panel consensus. Rheumatol Int 2015; 35:777-85. [PMID: 25656443 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-015-3231-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) typically involves the anterior chamber segment, follows an indolent chronic course, and presents a high rate of uveitic complications and a worse outcome as compared to other aetiologies of uveitis. Disease assessment, treatment, and outcome measures have not been standardized. Collaboration between pediatric rheumatologists and ophthalmologists is critical for effective management and prevention of morbidity, impaired vision, and irreparable visual loss. Although the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature Working Group recommendations have been a great advance to help clinicians to improve consistency in grading and reporting data, difficulties arise at the time of deciding the best treatment approach in the individual patient in routine daily practice. For this reason, recommendations for a systematized control and treatment strategies according to clinical characteristics and disease severity in children with JIA-related uveitis were developed by a panel of experts with special interest in uveitis associated with JIA. A clinical management algorithm organized in a stepwise regimen is here presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Bou
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Universitat de Barcelona, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu 2, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950, Barcelona, Spain,
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Papadopoulos M, Edmunds B, Fenerty C, Khaw PT. Childhood glaucoma surgery in the 21st century. Eye (Lond) 2014; 28:931-43. [PMID: 24924446 PMCID: PMC4135261 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2014.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Most children with glaucoma will require surgery in their lifetime, often in their childhood years. The surgical management of childhood glaucoma is however challenging, largely because of its greater potential for failure and complications as compared with surgery in adults. The available surgical repertoire for childhood glaucoma has remained relatively unchanged for many years with most progress owing to modifications to existing surgery. Although the surgical approach to childhood glaucoma varies around the world, angle surgery remains the preferred initial surgery for primary congenital glaucoma and a major advance has been the concept of incising the whole of the angle (circumferential trabeculotomy). Simple modifications to the trabeculectomy technique have been shown to considerably minimise complications. Glaucoma drainage devices maintain a vital role for certain types of glaucoma including those refractory to other surgery. Cyclodestruction continues to have a role mainly for patients following failed drainage/filtering surgery. Although the prognosis for childhood glaucoma has improved significantly since the introduction of angle surgery, there is still considerable progress to be made to ensure a sighted lifetime for children with glaucoma all over the world. Collaborative approaches to researching and delivering this care are required, and this paper highlights the need for more high-quality prospective surgical trials in the management of the childhood glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B Edmunds
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - C Fenerty
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - P T Khaw
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Glaucoma Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
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Al Obeidan SA, Osman EA, Mousa A, Al-Muammar AM, Abu El-Asrar AM. Long-term Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Deep Sclerectomy in Uveitic Glaucoma. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2014; 23:82-9. [DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2013.870213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Is cyclophotocoagulation an option in the management of glaucoma secondary to Fuchs’ uveitis syndrome? Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2014; 252:485-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-013-2558-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Wiese K, Heiligenhaus A, Heinz C. Trabekulektomie bei juveniler idiopathischer Arthritis-assoziierter Uveitis. Ophthalmologe 2013; 111:330-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00347-013-2888-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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