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Sandoval C, Díaz A, Manríquez G. Assessing cervical spine and craniofacial morphology in Class II and Class III malocclusions: A geometric morphometric approach. Cranio 2024; 42:450-460. [PMID: 34623215 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2021.1987040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To compare craniofacial and cervical morphology between skeletal Classes II and III applying Geometric Morphometric Methods (GMM). Twenty-six cervical and craniofacial landmarks of 40 Class II and 39 Class III individuals were digitalized on lateral cephalograms. Procrustes ANOVA, generalized Procrustes, principal component analyses, and thin-plate spline function were applied to assess the pattern of shape variation of craniofacial structure and the cervical spine in relation to skeletal classes. Compared with Class III, Class II individuals presented a maxillary protrusion, mandibular retrusion, shorter mandibular corpus, posterior mandibular ramus rotation, anterior cranial base rotation, and a smaller centroid size. Furthermore, a forward and smaller cervical spine were observed. With GMM, the shape and size differences between skeletal classes can be analyzed visually and numerically.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandro Díaz
- Centre for Quantitative Analysis in Dental Anthropology (Ca2), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile
| | - Germán Manríquez
- Centre for Quantitative Analysis in Dental Anthropology (Ca2), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile
- Institute of Dental Research, Physics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile
- Physical Anthropology Group, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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2
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Różańska-Perlińska D, Potocka-Mitan M, Rydzik Ł, Lipińska P, Perliński J, Javdaneh N, Jaszczur-Nowicki J. The Correlation between Malocclusion and Body Posture and Cervical Vertebral, Podal System, and Gait Parameters in Children: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3463. [PMID: 38929993 PMCID: PMC11204623 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13123463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: This study investigates the relationship between malocclusion and body posture, head posture, podal system, and gait parameters in children. Methods: A systematic review of observational studies from 2010 to 2023 was conducted and 24 cross-sectional studies involving 6199 participants were identified. These studies were categorized into those dealing with body posture (10 studies, 3601 participants), cervical vertebral column and head posture (6 studies, 644 participants), the podal system (5 studies, 1118 participants), and gait (3 studies, 836 participants). Results: Evidence suggests a significant association between malocclusion and body posture, balance, podal system, and gait parameters. Notably, eight studies found a significant relationship between malocclusion and body posture, while five studies identified this relationship with the cervical vertebral column and head posture, five with the podal system, and three with gait parameters. Conclusions: Overall, the quality of evidence was strong for the association between malocclusion and body posture and the podal system and moderate for head posture and gait parameters. These findings offer insights for therapists to design interventions tailored to children with malocclusion based on considerations of body posture, head posture, podal system, and gait parameters, though further longitudinal cohort studies are needed for better predictive understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Różańska-Perlińska
- Medical Department, The Academy of Applied Medical and Social Sciences, 82-300 Elblag, Poland; (D.R.-P.); (J.P.)
| | - Małgorzata Potocka-Mitan
- Institute of Humanities, Social Sciences and Tourism, Podhale State College of Applied Sciences in Nowy Targ, 34-400 Nowy Targ, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Rydzik
- Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Patrycja Lipińska
- Institute of Physical Education, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Jacek Perliński
- Medical Department, The Academy of Applied Medical and Social Sciences, 82-300 Elblag, Poland; (D.R.-P.); (J.P.)
| | - Norollah Javdaneh
- Department of Biomechanics and Sports Injuries, Kharazmi University of Tehran, Tehran 14911-15719, Iran;
| | - Jarosław Jaszczur-Nowicki
- Department Physiotherapy, School of Public Health, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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Peng H, Liu W, Yang L, Yan P, Zhong W, Gao X, Song J. Craniocervical posture in patients with skeletal malocclusion and its correlation with craniofacial morphology during different growth periods. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5280. [PMID: 38438541 PMCID: PMC10912775 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55840-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The association between craniocervical posture and craniofacial structures in the various sagittal skeletal malocclusion during different growth stages has been the focus of intense interest in fields of orthodontics, but it has not been conclusively demonstrated. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association between craniofacial morphology and craniocervical posture in patients with sagittal skeletal malocclusion during different growth periods. A total of 150 from a large pool of cephalograms qualified for the inclusion and exclusion were evaluated and classified into three groups according to the Cervical Vertebral Maturation (CVM) by examining the morphological modifications of the second through fourth cervical vertebrae, each group consisted of 50 cephalograms. In each growth period, for the comparison of head and cervical posture differences among various skeletal classes, the radiographs were further subdivided into skeletal Class I (0° < ANB < 5°, n = 16), skeletal Class II (ANB ≥ 5°, n = 18), and skeletal Class III (0° ≤ ANB, n = 16) on the basis of their ANB angle. There was no significant difference in gender (P > 0.05). Some variables were found to be significant during pubertal growth and later in patients with sagittal skeletal malocclusion (P < 0.05). Most indicators describing craniocervical posture were largest in skeletal Class II and smallest in skeletal Class III during the peak growth periods and later. Cervical inclination variables were greater in skeletal Class III than in skeletal Class II. Variables of craniofacial morphology and craniocervical posture are more correlated during the pubertal growth period and later in patients with sagittal skeletal malocclusion. A tendency is an indication of the close interrelationship that a more extended head was in skeletal Class II while a flexed head was in skeletal Class III. Nevertheless, with the considerations of some limitations involved in this study, further longitudinal studies with large samples are required to elucidate the relationship clearly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houli Peng
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Weihan Liu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Department of Orthodonticsrthodontics, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, 404000, China
| | - Lanxin Yang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Pingping Yan
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Wenjie Zhong
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China.
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China.
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Öztürk K, Danışman H, Akkoca F. The effect of temporomandibular joint dysfunction on the craniocervical mandibular system: A retrospective study. J Oral Rehabil 2024; 51:469-475. [PMID: 37983893 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temporomandibular disorders are the most common condition affecting the orofacial region, resulting in pain and dysfunction. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to elucidate the ambiguous association between cervical features and temporomandibular disorders by measuring the rotations between the skull-atlas, atlas-axis and mandible-atlas and examining the relationship between these rotations and temporomandibular disorders. METHODS Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images from 176 patients, 97 females and 79 males with an average age of 25.7 years were used in this study. The patients were divided into two groups: those with joint dysfunction (n = 88) and those without (n = 88). The study employed various methods to determine rotations in the skull-atlas, atlas-axis and mandible atlas based on anatomical landmarks and measurements. These methods include the use of specific planes, angles and distances to identify and measure rotation. Data analysis was performed using the TURCOSA statistical software (Turcosa Analytics Ltd Co, Turkey, www.turcosa.com.tr). RESULTS The results showed that the degree of rotation between the skull and the atlas was higher in the TMD group than in the control group (p < .001). Similarly, Atlas-axis rotation was significantly higher in the TMD group (p < .001). However, no significant difference was found between mandible atlas rotations in the two groups (p = .546). The study also found a significant difference between the direction of rotation between the atlas and axis and the direction of mandible atlas rotation (p < .001) as well as between skull and atlas rotations and mandible-atlas rotations (p < .001). CONCLUSION Overall, the study suggests that there is a relationship between the skeletal structures of the cranio-cervico-mandibular system and TMD. Skull-atlas and atlas-axis rotations may play an important role in the aetiology of TMD in individuals with TMD. Therefore, it is important to evaluate rotations in the skull-atlas-axis region for the treatment of TMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Öztürk
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Nuh Naci Yazgan University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hikmetnur Danışman
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Nuh Naci Yazgan University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Fatma Akkoca
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Nuh Naci Yazgan University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Peng H, Liu W, Yang L, Zhong W, Yin Y, Gao X, Song J. Does head and cervical posture correlate to malocclusion? A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276156. [PMID: 36282836 PMCID: PMC9595508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of head and cervical posture with malocclusion has been studied for many years. Despite extensively encouraging researches, no conclusive evidence has been reached for clinical application. OBJECTIVE To identify the question "Does head and cervical posture correlate to malocclusion?", a systematic review and meta-analysis based on the available studies were carried out (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022319742). METHODS A search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and the grey literature was performed without language restrictions. The study screening, data extraction, risk-of-bias evaluation and methodological quality assessment were performed by two independent investigators. When a disagreement arose, a third author was consulted. RESULTS 6 original cross-sectional studies involving 505 participants were included, which were of moderate methodological quality. NL/VER in Class Ⅱ group and NL/CVT in Class Ⅲ group showed significant differences compared to Class Ⅰ group, but no significant differences were observed in most of the variables like NSL/VER, OPT/CVT, OPT/HOR, CVT/HOR, NSL/OPT, NSL/CVT, NL/OPT in Class Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that the current research evidence is not sound enough to prove the association of head and cervical posture with sagittal malocclusion. Better controlled design and a larger sample size are required for clarifying this question in future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houli Peng
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Weihan Liu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of orthodontics, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Lanxin Yang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjie Zhong
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yin
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (XG); (JS)
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (XG); (JS)
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Di Venere D, Laforgia A, Azzollini D, Barile G, De Giacomo A, Inchingolo AD, Rapone B, Capodiferro S, Kazakova R, Corsalini M. Calcification of the Atlanto-Occipital Ligament (Ponticulus Posticus) in Orthodontic Patients: A Retrospective Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10071234. [PMID: 35885761 PMCID: PMC9319085 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10071234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ponticlus Posticus (PP) is a rare anomaly of the first cervical vertebra easily identifiable in lateral cephalometric radiograph and typically required for orthodontic diagnosis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the PP prevalence in lateral Cephalograms in a cohort of orthodontic patients treated at the Dental School of the University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Italy, and to find possible connection between PP and other dental anomalies, as well as the patient’s cephalometric characteristics. Methods: A total of 150 panoramic radiographs and 150 lateral Cephalograms, obtained for orthodontic use only, were evaluated. No patients were referred to for congenital syndromes or disease, or a history of previously occurred maxillofacial trauma. A detailed cephalometric study was performed for each patient, and the whole cohort was divided according to the common three dental malocclusion classes. The values obtained were analyzed using the Chi-Square Test. Results: PP prevalence was 8% (12 of 150 cases), where the complete and partial forms observed 4.7% and 3.3%, respectively. Although females were more affected (9.6%), no statistically significant sex-related difference was found. Furthermore, no statistically significant relationship regarding age or dental anomalies (dental agenesis/palatal impacted canines) among the groups was observed either. Cephalometric analyses revealed that half of the subjects with PP were sagittal skeletal class I and had vertical hyper-divergence. Conclusions: PP is a frequent anatomical variation of the cervical vertebra, apparently unrelated to the skeletal malocclusion type or dental anomalies. The current study needs to further confirm the congenital hypothesis of PP’s origin already reported in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Di Venere
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70121 Bari, Italy; (D.D.V.); (A.L.); (D.A.); (A.D.I.); (B.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Alessandra Laforgia
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70121 Bari, Italy; (D.D.V.); (A.L.); (D.A.); (A.D.I.); (B.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Daniela Azzollini
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70121 Bari, Italy; (D.D.V.); (A.L.); (D.A.); (A.D.I.); (B.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Barile
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70121 Bari, Italy; (D.D.V.); (A.L.); (D.A.); (A.D.I.); (B.R.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (G.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Andrea De Giacomo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Alessio Danilo Inchingolo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70121 Bari, Italy; (D.D.V.); (A.L.); (D.A.); (A.D.I.); (B.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Biagio Rapone
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70121 Bari, Italy; (D.D.V.); (A.L.); (D.A.); (A.D.I.); (B.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Saverio Capodiferro
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70121 Bari, Italy; (D.D.V.); (A.L.); (D.A.); (A.D.I.); (B.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Rada Kazakova
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University—Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Massimo Corsalini
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70121 Bari, Italy; (D.D.V.); (A.L.); (D.A.); (A.D.I.); (B.R.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (G.B.); (M.C.)
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Serritella E, Impellizzeri A, Musone L, De Stefano A, Gabriella G. Cranio-cervical posture and rapid palatal expansion therapy. J Orthod Sci 2022; 11:13. [PMID: 35754428 PMCID: PMC9214420 DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_128_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Connections between craniocervical posture (CCP) and changes in teeth position have already been demonstrated; however, the defined pathway of relationship is still not clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate CCP modifications after rapid maxillary expansion therapy using rapid palatal expansion therapy (REP)/McNamara appliances. Materials and Methods: A consecutive series of 35 subjects, aged between 6 and 14 years, with no prior history of orthodontic treatment, and requiring skeletal expansion of the upper arch, were selected and analyzed. All patients were treated with REP or Mcnamara appliance: the active phase of 15 days and retaining phase of 6 months. Cephalometric analysis was carried out before (T0) and after (T1) orthodontic therapy evaluating changes in the craniofacial area and those related to CCP. The obtained data were statistically analyzed for the pre-post changes. Results: No statistically significant difference emerged indicating a modification in the CCP measured at T0 and T1 (P > 0.05). Patients treated with the McNamara appliance, compared to those treated with REP, showed a higher value of the angle OPT ^ Ver (P = 0.021), and a lower measure of the angles CVT^EVT (P = 0.035) and EVT^Ver (P = 0.023). Furthermore, patients treated with REP showed a higher hyoid angle value than those treated with McNamara (P = 0.047). Conclusion: This study did not reveal any relationship between the application of palatal expansion therapy and changes in CCP.
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Abdalla Y, Kiliaridis S, Sonnesen L. Airway changes after fixed functional appliance treatment in children with and without morphologic deviations of the upper spine: A 3-dimensional CBCT study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2022; 161:791-797. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Oh E, Ahn SJ, Sonnesen L. Treatment effects of functional appliances in children with Class II malocclusion with and without morphologic deviations in the upper spine. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 160:41-49. [PMID: 33888375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This research aimed to compare treatment effects of functional appliances between children with and without morphologic deviations in the upper spine and analyze associations between Atlas dimensions and the short- and long-term treatment effects. METHODS Sixty-eight prepubertal or pubertal children (35 boys and 33 girls; mean age, 11.47 ± 1.39 years) treated with Class II functional appliances were included. Lateral cephalograms were taken at pretreatment (T1), postfunctional appliance treatment (T2), and after retention at postpuberty (T3). Upper spine morphology and Atlas dimensions were evaluated at T1. T1-T2 and T1-T3 lateral cephalograms were superimposed using a structural method. Changes in the jaws were compared with multiple linear regression analysis between children with and without deviations in the upper spine. Associations between the changes and Atlas dimensions were analyzed by partial correlation. RESULTS Children with morphologic deviations in the upper spine showed significantly more backward rotation of the mandible (P <0.01) and increased inclination of the jaws (P <0.05, P <0.01) from T1-T2 and significantly smaller condylar growth (P <0.01) from T1-T3 compared with children without the deviations. Atlas height was significantly associated with vertical and rotational changes in the mandible (P <0.01) from T1-T2 and condylar growth (P <0.05) from T1-T2 and T1-T3. CONCLUSIONS Morphologic deviations in the upper spine and low Atlas height were significantly associated with smaller condylar growth induced by functional appliances in the long term. Upper spine morphology and the Atlas dimension may be valuable in phenotypic differentiation in children with Class II malocclusion for optimal treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhye Oh
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sug-Joon Ahn
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Liselotte Sonnesen
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Santos JGL, Montezuma T, Perez CS, Sverzut CE, Trivellato AE, Guirro ECDO. Body postural realignment in the first 2 months after orthognathic surgery. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 159:e281-e290. [PMID: 33487498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to assess the static posture in patients with Angle Class II and III malocclusions in the first 2 months after orthognathic surgery. METHODS This was a longitudinal observational study. Eligible participants were adult patients who had an indication of orthognathic surgery (bilateral sagittal split osteotomy of the maxilla and/or mandible, can be associated or not with genioplasty). Thirty-five patients were evaluated from the orthognathic surgery group (OSG) and control group (CG). Measurements in OSG were performed at 3 time points: preoperative orthognathic surgery (P0), first postoperative month (P1), and second postoperative month (P2). Static posture was evaluated using the PostureScreen Mobile (PostureCo Inc, Trinity, Fla) application in 4 views. RESULTS Patients with Angle Class II malocclusion in the OSG evidenced a tendency to a left hip translation at P1 with a significant difference at P2 in the anterior view (P = 0.052). In the right lateral view, patients with Angle Class II malocclusion in the OSG at P1 presented an accentuated anterior shoulder translation when compared with CG (P <0.001). At P1, patients with Angle Class II malocclusion in the OSG showed a significant anterior knee translation compared with the CG and OSG at P0 and P2 (P <0.001 for all). Patients in the OSG with Angle Class III malocclusion presented an average posterior head translation in the right lateral view at P1 when compared with those in the CG and OSG at P0, who presented an anterior translation (P = 0.0008). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a realignment of static posture in the first 2 months after orthognathic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joselia Gomes Lima Santos
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Montezuma
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carla Silva Perez
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cassio Edvard Sverzut
- Department of Buccomaxillofacial Surgery, Traumatology, and Periodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Elias Trivellato
- Department of Buccomaxillofacial Surgery, Traumatology, and Periodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Jiménez-Silva A, Carnevali-Arellano R, Vivanco-Coke S, Tobar-Reyes J, Araya-Díaz P, Palomino-Montenegro H. Craniofacial growth predictors for class II and III malocclusions: A systematic review. Clin Exp Dent Res 2020; 7:242-262. [PMID: 33274551 PMCID: PMC8019771 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the validity of craniofacial growth predictors in class II and III malocclusion. Material and methods An electronic search was conducted until August 2020 in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Bireme, Lilacs and Scielo including all languages. The articles were selected and analyzed by two authors independently and the selected studies was assessed using the 14‐item Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS‐2). The quality of evidence and strength of recommendation was assessed by the GRADE tool. Results In a selection process of two phases, 10 articles were included. The studies were grouped according to malocclusion growth predictor in (1) class II (n = 4); (2) class III (n = 5) and (3) class II and III (n = 1). The predictors were mainly based on data extracted from cephalometries and characterized by: equations, structural analysis, techniques and computer programs among others. The analyzed studies were methodologically heterogeneous and had low to moderate quality. For class II malocclusion, the predictors proposed in the studies with the best methodological quality were based on mathematical models and the Fishman system of maturation assessment. For class III malocclusion, the Fishman system could provide adequate growth prediction for short‐ and long‐term. Conclusions Because of the heterogeneity of the design, methodology and the quality of the articles reviewed, it is not possible to establish only a growth prediction system for class II and III malocclusion. High‐quality cohort studies are needed, well defined data extraction from cephalometries, radiographies and clinical characteristics are required to design a reliable predictor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Jiménez-Silva
- Orthodontic and Orthopaedic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Romano Carnevali-Arellano
- Orthodontic and Orthopaedic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sheilah Vivanco-Coke
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julio Tobar-Reyes
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Araya-Díaz
- Orthodontic and Orthopaedic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
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Gaitan-Romero L, Shujaat S, Ma H, Orhan K, Shaheen E, Mulier D, Willems G, Politis C, Jacobs R. Evaluation of long-term hard tissue relapse following surgical-orthodontic treatment in skeletal class II patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 50:477-486. [PMID: 33041167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the long-term hard tissue stability and relapse factors following surgical-orthodontic treatment in skeletal class II patients. A literature search was conducted using Embase, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, and PubMed, yielding 3184 articles published up to January 2019. Risk of bias was assessed following the Cochrane handbook. Ten articles met the inclusion criteria. A total of 1079 patients were followed up for 5-13 years. The qualitative findings showed a variety of extrinsic and intrinsic factors affecting long-term stability. Meta-analysis for the amount and direction of cephalometric landmark displacement in the vertical and sagittal planes showed significant angular increases of ANB and backward relapse of SNB, however within the clinically acceptable range of 4°. In relation to linear measurements, the mean differences in all landmarks were within the clinically acceptable range of 2mm except for gonion. In conclusion, this systematic review showed multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors responsible for relapse. However, the outcomes of the meta-analysis are limited due to the heterogeneity of data, small number of studies, and inconsistent methods of evaluation. Further high-quality studies utilising standardised three-dimensional methodologies are required to improve the level of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gaitan-Romero
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - S Shujaat
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - H Ma
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Orhan
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Ankara University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - E Shaheen
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - D Mulier
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - G Willems
- Department of Oral Health Sciences - Orthodontics, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C Politis
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - R Jacobs
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Anusuya V, Sharan J, Jena AK. A study of cervical vertebra anomalies among individuals with different sagittal and vertical facial growth patterns. JOURNAL OF CRANIOVERTEBRAL JUNCTION AND SPINE 2020; 11:75-80. [PMID: 32904940 PMCID: PMC7462128 DOI: 10.4103/jcvjs.jcvjs_51_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective was to evaluate the prevalence of cervical vertebra anomalies (CVA) in individuals with different sagittal and vertical skeletal growth patterns of jaws and also to establish the associations of anomalies with the type of growth, if any. Materials and Methods: A total of 293 lateral cephalograms were evaluated for CVA. Based on the Frankfort mandibular plane angle, cephalograms were categorized into three groups: Group I, II, and III. Based on the ANB angle, cephalograms were classified into three classes, Class 1, 2, and 3. Six types of CVA such as partial cleft (PC), block fusion (BF), dehiscence (D), fusion between C2 and C3 (F23), occipitalization (OC), and spina bifida (SB) were identified on lateral cephalograms. Descriptive statistics were applied along with multinomial logistic regression analysis. P = 0.05 was considered as the level of statistical significance. Results: PC was most common in the overall samples (36%). BF was the least common (3.2%) CVA. The frequency of various CVA was comparable between males and females in all the three classes of individuals. The association of vertical growth patterns with CVA was found to be statistically nonsignificant (P > 0.05). Class 2 malocclusion was found to be statistically significantly associated with the D (P = 0.043). Conclusions: PC, fusion, and D were the most frequently found CVA, and SB was found only among the hypodivergent growth pattern individuals. The association of CVA with vertical facial growth patterns was not significant, somewhat influenced by age, sex, and sagittal skeletal malocclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jitendra Sharan
- Department of Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Jena
- Department of Dentistry, Central Sterile Services Department, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Oh E, Ahn SJ, Sonnesen L. Evaluation of growth changes induced by functional appliances in children with Class II malocclusion: Superimposition of lateral cephalograms on stable structures. Korean J Orthod 2020; 50:170-180. [PMID: 32475844 PMCID: PMC7270938 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2020.50.3.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare short- and long-term dentoalveolar, skeletal, and rotational changes evaluated by Björk’s structural method of superimposition between children with Class II malocclusion treated by functional appliances and untreated matched controls. Methods Seventy-nine prepubertal or pubertal children (mean age, 11.57 ± 1.40 years) with Class II malocclusion were included. Thirty-four children were treated using an activator with a high-pull headgear (Z-activator), while 28 were treated using an activator without a headgear (E-activator). Seventeen untreated children were included as controls. Lateral cephalograms were obtained before treatment (T1), after functional appliance treatment (T2), and after retention in the postpubertal phase (T3). Changes from T1 to T2 and T1 to T3 were compared between the treated groups and control group using multiple linear regression analysis. Results Relative to the findings in the control group at T2, the sagittal jaw relationship (subspinale-nasion-pogonion, p < 0.001), maxillary prognathism (sella-nasion-subspinale, p < 0.05), and condylar growth (p < 0.001) exhibited significant improvements in the Z- and E-activator groups, which also showed a significantly increased maxillary incisor retraction (p < 0.001) and decreased overjet (p < 0.001). Only the E-activator group exhibited significant backward rotation of the maxilla at T2 (p < 0.01). The improvements in the sagittal jaw relationship (p < 0.01) and dental relationship (p < 0.001) remained significant at T3. Condylar growth and jaw rotations were not significant at T3. Conclusions Functional appliance treatment in children with Class II malocclusion can significantly improve the sagittal jaw relationship and dental relationships in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhye Oh
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sug-Joon Ahn
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Liselotte Sonnesen
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Evirgen Ş, Yüksel HT, Yüksel G, Kaki B, Kamburoğlu K. Assessment of intravertebral pneumatocysts, degenerative joint disease, and ponticulus posticus in the cervical spine through cone beam computed tomography examination. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2020; 129:531-538. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Ethnic differences in craniofacial and upper spine morphology between European and Asian children with skeletal Class III malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019; 156:502-511. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Piancino MG, Dalmasso P, Borello F, Cinnella P, Crincoli V, Garagiola U, de Biase C, Tonni I, Matacena G, Deregibus A. Thoracic-lumbar-sacral spine sagittal alignment and cranio-mandibular morphology in adolescents. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2019; 48:169-175. [PMID: 31398597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The relationship between thoracic-lumbar-sacral spine sagittal alignment and craniofacial morphology is still controversial. Evidence-based results are difficult to obtain and scientific studies are inhomogeneous. The aim of this study was to investigate the difference of thoracic-lumbar-sacral spine posture and cephalometric values comparing two groups of subjects with different cranial structure in the sagittal plane. METHODS Eighty-one subjects were consecutively selected and divided into two groups, according to the orientation of the condyle-orbital plane (CoOr) with respect to the superior maxilla (SpP): Group1: 49 subjects 11.6 (2.1) years showing posterior-rotation of CoOr: SpP^CoOr ≤ -2°, -4.1°(2.1°); Group2: 32 subjects 12.9 (2.3)years showing anterior-rotation of CoOr: SpP^CoOr ≥ 2°, 3.7°(1.9°). Each patient underwent in blinding, Spinal Mouse recording and cephalometry of the skull. RESULTS Group1 showed a significant forward tilting of the spine 4.4°(1.8°) with respect to Group2 2.4°(1.3°) (p < 0.0001) and higher values related to the vertical dimension of the skull: higher maxillary divergency (p < 0.0001), steep occlusal plane (p < 0.0007), higher gonial angle (p < 0.001). DISCUSSION The results of this study showed a difference in the thoracic-lumbar-sacral spine inclination between groups with different craniofacial morphology. The achievement of this outcome is important to improve our multidisciplinary evaluation and treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Piancino
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School C.I.R., Division of Orthodontics, University of Turin, via Nizza 230, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Paola Dalmasso
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Borello
- I.N.Ri.M. (National Institute of Metrologic Research), Str. Delle Cacce 91, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Pasquale Cinnella
- Spine Surgery Department, CTO Hospital, University Hospital Company "Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino", Corso Bramante 88, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Vito Crincoli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Division of Complex Operating Unit of Dentistry, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Umberto Garagiola
- Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences Maxillo-Facial and Odontostomatology Unit, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Corrado de Biase
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School C.I.R., Division of Orthodontics, University of Turin, via Nizza 230, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Ingrid Tonni
- Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Dental School, Division of Orthodontics, University of Brescia, Piazza del Mercato 15, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giada Matacena
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School C.I.R., Division of Orthodontics, University of Turin, via Nizza 230, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Deregibus
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School C.I.R., Division of Orthodontics, University of Turin, via Nizza 230, 10126 Turin, Italy
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Cesur E, Orhan K, Misirli M, Bilecenoglu B. Cone beam computed tomography evaluation of the relationship between atlantodental interval and skeletal facial morphology in adolescents. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 86:711-719. [PMID: 31285185 PMCID: PMC9422517 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the pediatric population, computed tomography examination of the upper cervical spine plays an important role in the diagnosis of neurological injuries involving that region. Due to the interconnected nature of the craniofacial structures, a structural change in one is expected to also cause changes in the other structures. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate relationships between atlantodental interval, cervical vertebral morphology, and facial structure in healthy adolescents using cone beam computed tomography. Methods Thirty subjects aged 14–20 years (10 males, mean age: 17.2 years; 20 females, mean age: 17.9 years) were included in the study. The anterior, lateral and posterior atlantodental intervals, and vertical and anteroposterior dimensions of the first and second cervical vertebrae were evaluated from cone beam computed tomography images. Facial morphology was evaluated using 7 parameters on lateral cephalometric cone beam computed tomography images and 6 parameters on posteroanterior images. The Mann–Whitney U test and Wilcoxon test were used for statistical analyses. Results Comparisons between males and females showed that most parameters were larger in males, with significant differences in vertical facial dimensions (anterior lower face height: p = 0.05; anterior upper face height: p = 0.001), (distance between the most internal point of the frontozygomatic suture and midsagittal reference plane; p = 0.01), (the distance between the deepest point of the right alveolar maxillar process and midsagittal reference plane; p = 0.001), and C2 vertebral dimensions. The anterior and lateral atlantodental interval values correlated with maxilla position relative to the mandible angle, and the anterior atlantodental interval correlated with lower anterior facial height (p = 0.05). Dimensional measurements of the C1 and C2 vertebrae were correlated with both anterior facial heights and some posteroanterior parameters. Conclusion Sagittal, vertical, and transverse facial dimensions and positions were strongly associated with C1 and C2 vertebral dimensions, and the maxillomandibular relationship may affect atlantodental interval. Therefore, including craniofacial features in assessment of the atlantodental area and vertebral distances in adolescents may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaan Orhan
- University of Leuven, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Imaging & Pathology, Leuven, Belgium; Ankara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of DentoMaxillofacial Radiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melis Misirli
- Near East University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of DentoMaxillofacial Radiology, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Burak Bilecenoglu
- Ankara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Anatomy, Ankara, Turkey
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Sandoval C, Díaz A, Manríquez G. Relationship between craniocervical posture and skeletal class: A statistical multivariate approach for studying Class II and Class III malocclusions. Cranio 2019; 39:133-140. [PMID: 31035911 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2019.1603795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the relationships between craniocervical posture and skeletal Class in cephalometric radiographs of adult subjects.Methods: Sixty-five cephalometric radiographs were classified after Delaire, as skeletal Class II and III. The craniocervical posture was evaluated using the variables proposed by Solow (1976) and Rocabado (1983). In order to test the null hypothesis (absence of an association between craniocervical posture and skeletal Class), uni- and multivariate statistical protocols were carried out.Results: Skeletal Class II presented a more posterior rotation of the ramus in relation to the cranium and a more extended head than skeletal Class III. Additionally, significant correlations were observed in Class II individuals between the rotation of mandibular ramus and cervical lordosis, as well as between rotation of mandibular ramus and craniocervical posture.Discussion: The findings of this research may help to understand the contradictory results described in clinical literature about the effect of skeletal class on craniocervical posture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Sandoval
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Díaz
- Centre for Quantitative Analysis in Dental Anthropology (CA2), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Germán Manríquez
- Centre for Quantitative Analysis in Dental Anthropology (CA2), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Institute of Dental Research, Physics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Physical Anthropology Group, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Iacob SM, Chisnoiu AM, Lascu LM, Berar AM, Studnicska D, Fluerasu MI. Is PostureScreen® Mobile app an accurate tool for dentists to evaluate the correlation between malocclusion and posture? Cranio 2018; 38:233-239. [PMID: 30198398 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2018.1512197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether PostureScreen® Mobile app is a useful, simple tool that is accessible for dentists to evaluate the correlation between malocclusion and posture. METHODS Twenty-nine subjects underwent static and dynamic dental occlusion examinations and a postural exam with PostureScreen® Mobile app, a photographic method. The subjects were divided into groups depending on their static and dynamic occlusion features. The postural parameters were then compared between these groups. RESULTS Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) for some postural parameters were obtained for Angle Class 1 vs. 2 and 3 and for the passive interference group and active premature contacts group during left lateral movement. There were no statistically significant differences regarding protrusion and right lateral movement. DISCUSSION Dental occlusion anomalies and posture pathological modifications can be inter-related. PostureScreen® Mobile app might represent a useful tool in the early diagnosis of dental occlusion pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Maria Iacob
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrea Maria Chisnoiu
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Liana Maria Lascu
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Antonela Marcela Berar
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniela Studnicska
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Chronic Pain, CH Marmande-Tonneins , Marmande, France
| | - Mirela Ioana Fluerasu
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj Napoca, Romania
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Changes in Cervical Lordosis After Orthognathic Surgery in Skeletal Class III Patients. J Craniofac Surg 2018; 29:e598-e603. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000004644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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22
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Adisen SR, Adisen MZ, Ozdiler FE. The evaluation of the relationship between cervical vertebral anomalies with skeletal malocclusion types and upper airway dimensions. Cranio 2018; 38:149-157. [PMID: 30063196 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2018.1503136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To compare the prevalence of cervical vertebral anomalies (CVAs) in different skeletal malocclusions and to evaluate the relationship between upper airway dimension and vertebral anomalies. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on lateral cephalometric radiographs of 2062 patients aged 7-49 years. Skeletal malocclusion type, presence of CVAs, and upper airway area of 1856 patients who met the inclusion criteria of the study were recorded. The obtained data were transferred to the SPSS program for statistical analysis. Results: The mean age of the patients was 13.8 ± 3.7 years. The prevalence of CVAs was 45.7%. There was no significant difference in prevalence between skeletal malocclusions (p = 0.89). According to airway measurements, no significant difference was found between patients with and without CVAs (p = 0.718). Conclusion: The present results suggest that there is no direct effect of skeletal malocclusion type and upper airway dimension in the etiology of CVAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirin Rabia Adisen
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Zahit Adisen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Ferabi Erhan Ozdiler
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Sonnesen L, Petersson A, Berg S, Svanholt P. Pharyngeal Airway Dimensions and Head Posture in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients with and without Morphological Deviations in the Upper Cervical Spine. J Oral Maxillofac Res 2017; 8:e4. [PMID: 29142656 PMCID: PMC5676314 DOI: 10.5037/jomr.2017.8304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of the study was to analyse differences in pharyngeal airway dimensions and head posture between obstructive sleep apnea patients with and without morphological deviations in the upper cervical spine and to analyse associations between pharyngeal airway dimensions and head posture in the total sample. Material and Methods The sample comprised 53 obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients of which 32.1% had upper spine morphological deviations. Accordingly two groups were defined: 17 OSA patients with morphological deviations in the upper spine and 36 without upper spine deviations. Pharyngeal airway dimensions in terms of distances, cross-sectional areas and volume and upper spine morphological deviations were evaluated on cone-beam computed tomography. Head posture was evaluated on two-dimensional generated lateral cephalograms. Differences were analysed and adjusted for age and gender by multiple linear regression analysis. Results OSA patients with upper spine morphological deviations had a significantly more backward and curved neck posture (OPT/HOR, P < 0.01; OPT/CVT, P < 0.05) compared to OSA patients without spine deviations. No significant differences were found in airway dimensions between patients with and without upper spine deviations. In the total group significant associations were found between head posture and pharyngeal airway distances and cross-sectional area at the nasal floor, epiglottis and hyoid bone level (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001). No significant association was found between head posture and airway volume. Conclusions The results may contribute to differentiate obstructive sleep apnea patients and thereby may prove valuable in diagnosis and treatment planning of obstructive sleep apnea patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liselotte Sonnesen
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Arne Petersson
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Malmö University, MalmöSweden
| | - Søren Berg
- Clinic for Infant and Adult Sleep Medicine, Lovisenberg Diakonale Sykehus, OsloNorway
| | - Palle Svanholt
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenDenmark
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Panainte I, Suciu V, Mártha KI. Original Research. Correlation Between Cranial Base Morphology And Various Types Of Skeletal Anomalies. JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/jim-2017-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Previous studies regarding various types of malocclusions have found correlations between the angle of the base of the skull and prognathism. Aim of the study: This cephalometric study sought to investigate the function of the cranium base angle in different types of malocclusion on a group of Romanian subjects. Materials and methods: Forty-four cephalometric radiographs were selected from patients referred to orthodontic treatment. The cephalometric records were digitized, and with the CorelDRAW Graphics Suite X5 software 22 landmarks have been marked on each radiograph. A number of linear and angular variables were calculated. Results: The angle of the base of the skull was found to be higher in Class II Division 1 subjects compared to the Class I group. The cranial base lengths, N-S and S-Ba, were significantly larger in both categories of Class II malocclusion than in Class I patients, but measurements were comparable in Class I and Class III. The SNA angle showed no considerable variation between Class I subjects and the other groups. SNA-SNP was significantly increased above Class I values in Class II Division1 and Class II Division 2 groups. No significant dissimilarities were observed for these lengths between Class I and Class III patients. Conclusions: The angle of the cranium base (S-N-Ba, S-N-Ar) does not have a major role in the progression of malocclusion. In Angle Class II malocclusion the SNA angle is increased, and SNB is increased in malocclusion Class III. The anterior skull base length is increased in Class II anomalies. The length of the maxillary bone base is increased in Class II malocclusions type; in Class III type of malocclusion the length of the mandible bone is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irinel Panainte
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Str. Gheorghe Marinescu nr. 38 540139, Tîrgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Victor Suciu
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Str. Gheorghe Marinescu nr. 38 540139, Tîrgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Krisztina-Ildikó Mártha
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Str. Gheorghe Marinescu nr. 38 540139, Tîrgu Mureș, Romania
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Aranitasi L, Tarazona B, Zamora N, Gandía JL, Paredes V. Influence of skeletal class in the morphology of cervical vertebrae: A study using cone beam computed tomography. Angle Orthod 2016; 87:131-137. [PMID: 27513029 DOI: 10.2319/041416-307.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To quantify the prevalence of cervical vertebrae anomalies and to analyze any association between them and skeletal malocclusions or head posture positions in the same study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred forty patients who were attending the Department of Orthodontics of the University of Valencia for orthodontic treatment were selected and divided into three groups: skeletal Class I (control group, 0° <ANB < 4°), Class II (ANB ≥ 4°), and Class III (ANB ≤ 0°) according to ANB Steiner angle. The morphology of the first five cervical vertebrae was analyzed with cone beam computed tomography to identify any anomalies. Intra- and interobserver error methods were calculated. RESULTS Dehiscence and fusion of one unit (both 23.3%) and partial cleft (11.7%) were the most frequent anomalies, while occipitalization was the least common (3.3%). Dehiscence anomaly was observed when the control group was compared with Classes II and III and partial cleft anomaly when Class I was compared with Class III. Furthermore, NSBa and ss-N-sm/ANB angles were associated with partial cleft anomaly, while NSL/NL angle and extended head posture were associated with fusion anomaly. CONCLUSIONS Fusion, dehiscence, and partial cleft were the most frequent cervical vertebrae anomalies. Dehiscence and partial cleft were found to present statistically significant differences between Class I and Classes II and III. Cervical vertebrae anomalies and head posture were associated with fusion.
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Kamak H, Yildırım E. The distribution of cervical vertebrae anomalies among dental malocclusions. J Craniovertebr Junction Spine 2015; 6:158-61. [PMID: 26692691 PMCID: PMC4660490 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8237.167857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The aims of our study were to investigate the distribution of cervical vertebrae anomalies (CVAs) among dental Angle Class I, II, and III malocclusions in Turkish population and whether a correlation between CVA and dental malocclusion. Materials and Methods: The study was performed on lateral cephalometric radiographs which were taken at the Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University. The final sample of 318 orthodontic patients was included in the study. Dental malocclusions were performed according to Angle classification. CVAs were categorized: (1) fusion and (2) posterior arch deficiency (PAD). The Chi-square test was used to the analysis of the potential differences among dental malocclusions. Results: The final sample of 318 patients was examined. CVA was observed in 42 individuals (of 26 [8.17%] had fusion and 16 [5.03%] had PAD), with a frequency of 13.2%. Of the 26 fusion defect, 8 (30.7%) had Angle Class I, 8 (30.7%) had Angle Class II, and 10 (38.4%) had Angle Class III malocclusion. Of the 16 PAD, 8 (50%) had Angle Class I, 8 (50%) had Angle Class II but no patients with Angle Class III malocclusion was observed. The distribution of dental malocclusions regarding CVA was not statistically significant (P = 0.076). Of these 42 individuals with CVA, 52.3% (15 fusions and 7 PAD) were females and 47.7% (11 fusions and 9 PAD) were males. Conclusion: In our study, the prevalence of fusion and PAD were found 8.1% and 5.0% in Turkish population, respectively. Besides, no statistically significant correlation between CVA and Angle Class I, II, and III malocclusions were found. Our findings support the studies showing no gender dimorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Kamak
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Eren Yildırım
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
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Altan AB, Dönmez Zorkun B. Cervical Vertebral Anomalies in Patients With Transverse Maxillary Deficiency. Turk J Orthod 2014. [DOI: 10.13076/tjo-d-15-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ramirez-Yanez GO, Mehta L, Mehta NR. The effect of dental occlusal disturbances on the curvature of the vertebral spine in rats. Cranio 2014; 33:217-27. [DOI: 10.1179/2151090314y.0000000017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Assessment of type of bite and vertical dimension of occlusion in children and adolescents with temporomandibular disorder. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2014; 18:435-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kim P, Sarauw MT, Sonnesen L. Cervical vertebral column morphology and head posture in preorthodontic patients with anterior open bite. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2014; 145:359-66. [PMID: 24582027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cervical vertebral column morphology and head posture were examined and related to craniofacial morphology in preorthodontic children and adolescents with anterior open bite. METHODS One hundred eleven patients (ages, 6-18 years) with an anterior open bite of more than 0 mm were divided into 2 groups of skeletal or dentoalveolar open bite. The skeletal open-bite group comprised 38 subjects (19 girls, 19 boys). The dentoalveolar open-bite group comprised 73 subjects (43 girls, 30 boys). Visual assessment of the cervical column and measurements of craniofacial morphology and head posture were made on profile radiographs. RESULTS Deviations in the cervical vertebral column morphology occurred in 23.7% of the subjects in the skeletal open-bite group and in 19.2% in the dentoalveolar open-bite group, but the difference was not significant. Head posture was significantly more extended in the skeletal open-bite group compared with the dentoalveolar open-bite group (craniovertical angle [Mx/VER], P <0.05; craniocervical angles [Mx/OPT, Mx/CVT], P <0.01. Only head posture was associated with craniofacial morphology: extended posture was associated with a large cranial base angle (P <0.01, P <0.001), large vertical craniofacial dimensions (P <0.05; P <0.01; P <0.001), and retrognathia of the jaws (P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Cervical column morphology is described for the first time in children and adolescents with open bite. No significant differences in the cervical vertebral column's morphologic deviations were found between the skeletal and the dentoalveolar open-bite groups. Significant differences were found in head posture between the groups and with regard to associations with craniofacial dimensions. This might indicate a respiratory etiologic component in children with anterior open bite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phong Kim
- Dental student. Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Toft Sarauw
- Dental student. Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Liselotte Sonnesen
- Associate professor, Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Illusions of fusions: Assessing cervical vertebral fusion on lateral cephalograms, multidetector computed tomographs, and cone-beam computed tomographs. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2013; 143:213-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2012.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Revised: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Armond MC, Generoso R, Falci SGM, Ramos-Jorge ML, Marques LS. Skeletal maturation of the cervical vertebrae: association with various types of malocclusion. Braz Oral Res 2012; 26:145-50. [DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242012005000003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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