1
|
Wang J, Huang Y, Chen F, Li W. The age-related effects on orthodontic tooth movement and the surrounding periodontal environment. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1460168. [PMID: 39308977 PMCID: PMC11412856 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1460168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic treatment in adults is often related to longer treatment time as well as higher periodontal risks compared to adolescents. The aim of this review is to explore the influence of age-related chages on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) from macro and micro perspectives. Adults tend to show slower tooth movement speed compared to adolescence, especially during the early phase. Under orthodontic forces, the biological responses of the periodontal ligament (PDL) and alveolar bone is different between adult and adolescents. The adult PDL shows extended disorganization time, increased cell senescence, less cell signaling and a more inflammatory microenvironment than the adolescent PDL. In addition, the blood vessel surface area is reduced during the late movement phase, and fiber elasticity decreases. At the same time, adult alveolar bone shows a higher density, as well as a reduced osteoblast and osteoclast activation, under orthodontic forces. The local cytokine expression also differs between adults and adolescents. Side-effects, such as excessive root resorption, greater orthodontic pain, and reduced pulpal blood flow, also occur more frequently in adults than in adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
- Central laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Weiran Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gonçalves A, Mathelié-Guinlet Q, Ramires F, Monteiro F, Carvalho Ó, Silva FS, Resende AD, Pinho T. Biological alterations associated with the orthodontic treatment with conventional appliances and aligners: A systematic review of clinical and preclinical evidence. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32873. [PMID: 39021939 PMCID: PMC11253224 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background&objectives Mechanical forces applied during an orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) propel several biochemical and molecular responses in the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. Here, we compile the existing clinical and preclinical evidence on these biological changes, aiming to provide a comprehensive discussion on the influence of the mechanical parameters of the OTM in the biological profile of the periodontium. Material and methods This systematic integrative review was conducted according to PICOS strategy and PRISMA guidelines. A bibliographic search was performed in three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) to find research articles published until 2023 and written in English. This search resulted in a total of 2279 publications, which were independently assessed by two evaluators using appropriate tools. Results Forty-six studies were selected for this review. These revealed that compression, and stretching of the periodontal ligament fibers and cells are observed in the initial phase of the OTM. Specifically, on the tension side, high levels of IL-1β, OPG, and TIMPs are identified. On the compression side, an increase of RANKL, RANK, and MMPs levels predominate. Conclusion This paper describes the release profile of common biomarkers according to the orthodontic protocol, suggesting the most appropriate parameters to keep the teeth and their supporting structures healthy. Overall, this manuscript provides a better understanding of the OTM-associated biological phenomena, also highlighting the importance of early evaluation of oral health, and thus it contributes as a fundamental basis for the development of more effective and safe orthodontic treatments with conventional appliances and aligners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Gonçalves
- UNIPRO – Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Quitterie Mathelié-Guinlet
- UNIPRO – Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Fátima Ramires
- UNIPRO – Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Francisca Monteiro
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Óscar Carvalho
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS – Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Filipe S. Silva
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS – Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Albina D. Resende
- UNIPRO – Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences - CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Toxicologic Pathology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS - CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Teresa Pinho
- UNIPRO – Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shan C, Xia Y, Wu Z, Zhao J. HIF-1α and periodontitis: Novel insights linking host-environment interplay to periodontal phenotypes. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 184:50-78. [PMID: 37769974 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis, the sixth most prevalent epidemic disease globally, profoundly impacts oral aesthetics and masticatory functionality. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), an oxygen-dependent transcriptional activator, has emerged as a pivotal regulator in periodontal tissue and alveolar bone metabolism, exerts critical functions in angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, energy metabolism, and cell fate determination. Numerous essential phenotypes regulated by HIF are intricately associated with bone metabolism in periodontal tissues. Extensive investigations have highlighted the central role of HIF and its downstream target genes and pathways in the coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Within this concise perspective, we comprehensively review the cellular phenotypic alterations and microenvironmental dynamics linking HIF to periodontitis. We analyze current research on the HIF pathway, elucidating its impact on bone repair and regeneration, while unraveling the involved cellular and molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, we briefly discuss the potential application of targeted interventions aimed at HIF in the field of bone tissue regeneration engineering. This review expands our biological understanding of the intricate relationship between the HIF gene and bone angiogenesis in periodontitis and offers valuable insights for the development of innovative therapies to expedite bone repair and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shan
- Department of Dentistry, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Affiliated Stomatology Hospital), Ürümqi, China
| | - YuNing Xia
- Department of Dentistry, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Affiliated Stomatology Hospital), Ürümqi, China
| | - Zeyu Wu
- Department of Dentistry, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Affiliated Stomatology Hospital), Ürümqi, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Dentistry, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Affiliated Stomatology Hospital), Ürümqi, China; Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Institute of Stomatology, Ürümqi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gabada D, Reche A, Saoji KP, Deshmukh R, Rathi N, Mantri A. Accelerated Orthodontics: Stepping Into the Future Orthodontics. Cureus 2023; 15:e46824. [PMID: 37954770 PMCID: PMC10636563 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic treatment signifies a transformative journey for individuals seeking not only enhanced oral health but also a boost in aesthetics and self-confidence. Nonetheless, the protracted timeline associated with conventional orthodontic care has been a persistent concern for both patients and practitioners. In this comprehensive review, we embark on an exploration of innovative strategies aimed at expediting orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). By doing so, we aspire to curtail treatment duration and mitigate potential risks, ultimately culminating in an elevated and more fulfilling patient experience. Traditionally, orthodontists heavily leaned on surgical techniques to hasten tooth movement. However, the recent landscape of orthodontics has been profoundly shaped by technological advancements and groundbreaking research findings, ushering in an era characterized by the embrace of minimally invasive approaches. These progressive methodologies encompass procedures like Piezocision, Discision, and Microosteoperforation (Alveocentesis). Beyond the obvious benefits of reduced patient discomfort, these techniques significantly truncate treatment periods, a development that addresses a primary concern of many patients. Moreover, this review delves into non-invasive alternatives, including cyclic vibrations, photobiomodulation, direct light electric current, and static or pulsed magnetic fields, as well as systemic and local administration of biological substances and hormones, all of which hold substantial promise in optimizing OTM. Furthermore, our exploration extends to a diverse spectrum of medications that have demonstrated their efficacy in expediting OTM. These encompass NSAIDs, acetaminophen, corticosteroids, bisphosphonates, herbal medicine biomaterials, and synthetic biomaterials like graphene dioxide. Every technique and medication is subjected to meticulous evaluation, taking into account its indications, contraindications, advantages, disadvantages, clinical implications, and limitations. Through this review, we endeavor to equip orthodontic professionals with a profound understanding of these innovative strategies. By doing so, we enable them to make informed decisions, tailored meticulously to meet the unique needs of each patient. In an ever-evolving field like orthodontics, staying abreast of these advancements becomes paramount, ultimately contributing to heightened treatment efficacy and enhanced patient satisfaction. The adoption of these innovative strategies not only holds the potential for improved clinical outcomes but also champions a patient-centric approach that could fundamentally reshape the landscape of orthodontic care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dolly Gabada
- Public Health Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Amit Reche
- Public Health Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Kaushiki P Saoji
- Public Health Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Radha Deshmukh
- Public Health Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Netal Rathi
- Public Health Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Achal Mantri
- Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Maltha JC, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM. Mechanobiology of orthodontic tooth movement: An update. J World Fed Orthod 2023; 12:156-160. [PMID: 37349154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the changes at the cellular and tissue level occurring during orthodontic force application. For the understanding of this process, knowledge of the mechanobiology of the periodontal ligament and the alveolar bone are essential. The periodontal ligament and alveolar bone make up a functional unit that undergoes robust changes during orthodontic tooth movement. Complex molecular signaling is responsible for converting mechanical stresses into biochemical events with a net result of bone apposition and/or bone resorption. Despite an improved understanding of mechanical and biochemical signaling mechanisms, it is largely unknown how mechanical stresses regulate the differentiation of stem/progenitor cells into osteoblast and osteoclast lineages. To advance orthodontics, it is crucial to gain a better understanding of osteoblast differentiation from mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells and osteoclastogenesis from the hematopoietic/monocyte lineage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaap C Maltha
- Department of Dentistry - Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine/Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Campus Salemba, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Willcockson H, Ozkan H, Valdés-Fernández J, Arbeeva L, Mucahit E, Musawwir L, Hooper LB, Granero-Moltó F, Prósper F, Longobardi L. CC-Chemokine Receptor-2 Expression in Osteoblasts Contributes to Cartilage and Bone Damage during Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:891. [PMID: 37371471 PMCID: PMC10296290 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In osteoarthritis (OA), bone changes are radiological hallmarks and are considered important for disease progression. The C-C chemokine receptor-2 (CCR2) has been shown to play an important role in bone physiology. In this study, we investigated whether Ccr2 osteoblast-specific inactivation at different times during post-traumatic OA (PTOA) progression improves joint structures, bone parameters, and pain. We used a tamoxifen-inducible Ccr2 inactivation in Collagen1α-expressing cells to obtain osteoblasts lacking Ccr2 (CCR2-Col1αKO). We stimulated PTOA changes in CCR2-Col1αKO and CCR2+/+ mice using the destabilization of the meniscus model (DMM), inducing recombination before or after DMM (early- vs. late-inactivation). Joint damage was evaluated at two, four, eight, and twelve weeks post-DMM using multiple scores: articular-cartilage structure (ACS), Safranin-O, histomorphometry, osteophyte size/maturity, subchondral bone thickness and synovial hyperplasia. Spontaneous and evoked pain were assessed for up to 20 weeks. We found that early osteoblast-Ccr2 inactivation delayed articular cartilage damage and matrix degeneration compared to CCR2+/+, as well as DMM-induced bone thickness. Osteophyte formation and maturation were only minimally affected. Late Collagen1α-Ccr2 deletion led to less evident improvements. Osteoblast-Ccr2 deletion also improved static measures of pain, while evoked pain did not change. Our study demonstrates that Ccr2 expression in osteoblasts contributes to PTOA disease progression and pain by affecting both cartilage and bone tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Willcockson
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3300 Thurston Bldg, Campus Box 7280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (H.W.); (H.O.); (L.A.); (E.M.); (L.M.); (L.B.H.)
| | - Huseyin Ozkan
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3300 Thurston Bldg, Campus Box 7280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (H.W.); (H.O.); (L.A.); (E.M.); (L.M.); (L.B.H.)
| | - José Valdés-Fernández
- Program of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.V.-F.); (F.G.-M.); (F.P.)
| | - Liubov Arbeeva
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3300 Thurston Bldg, Campus Box 7280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (H.W.); (H.O.); (L.A.); (E.M.); (L.M.); (L.B.H.)
| | - Esra Mucahit
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3300 Thurston Bldg, Campus Box 7280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (H.W.); (H.O.); (L.A.); (E.M.); (L.M.); (L.B.H.)
| | - Layla Musawwir
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3300 Thurston Bldg, Campus Box 7280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (H.W.); (H.O.); (L.A.); (E.M.); (L.M.); (L.B.H.)
| | - Lola B. Hooper
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3300 Thurston Bldg, Campus Box 7280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (H.W.); (H.O.); (L.A.); (E.M.); (L.M.); (L.B.H.)
| | - Froilán Granero-Moltó
- Program of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.V.-F.); (F.G.-M.); (F.P.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prósper
- Program of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.V.-F.); (F.G.-M.); (F.P.)
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy and CCUN, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Program of Hemato-Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lara Longobardi
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3300 Thurston Bldg, Campus Box 7280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (H.W.); (H.O.); (L.A.); (E.M.); (L.M.); (L.B.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Francisconi CF, Colavite PM, Fonseca AC, Azevedo MDCS, Tabanez AP, Melchiades JL, Vieira AE, Repeke CEP, Claudino M, Garlet GP. Microtomographic, histomorphometric, and molecular features show a normal alveolar bone healing process in iNOS-deficient mice along a compensatory upregulation of eNOS and nNOS isoforms. J Appl Oral Sci 2023; 31:e20220436. [PMID: 36946828 PMCID: PMC10027412 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2022-0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
METHODOLOGY Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is one of the enzymes responsible for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), which is an important signaling molecule with effects on blood vessels, leukocytes, and bone cells. However, the role of iNOS in alveolar bone healing remains unclear. This study investigated the role of iNOS in alveolar bone healing after tooth extraction in mice. C57Bl/6 wild type (WT) and iNOS genetically deficient (iNOS-KO) mice were subjected to upper incision tooth extraction, and alveolar bone healing was evaluated by micro-computed tomography (μCT) and histological/histomorphometric, birefringence, and molecular methods. RESULTS The expression of iNOS had very low control conditions, whereas a significant increase is observed in healing sites of WT mice, where iNOS mRNA levels peak at 7d time point, followed by a relative decrease at 14d and 21d. Regarding bone healing, both WT and iNOS-KO groups showed the usual phases characterized by the presence of clots, granulation tissue development along the inflammatory cell infiltration, angiogenesis, proliferation of fibroblasts and extracellular matrix synthesis, bone neoformation, and remodeling. The overall micro-computed tomography and histomorphometric and birefringence analyses showed similar bone healing readouts when WT and iNOS-KO strains are compared. Likewise, Real-Time PCR array analysis shows an overall similar gene expression pattern (including bone formation, bone resorption, and inflammatory and immunological markers) in healing sites of WT and iNOS-KO mice. Moreover, molecular analysis shows that nNOS and eNOS were significantly upregulated in the iNOS-KO group, suggesting that other NOS isoforms could compensate the absence of iNOS. CONCLUSION The absence of iNOS does not result in a significant modulation of bone healing readouts in iNOS-KO mice. The upregulation of nNOS and eNOS may compensate iNOS absence, explaining the similar bone healing outcome in WT and iNOS-KO strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Fávaro Francisconi
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Priscila Maria Colavite
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Angélica Cristina Fonseca
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | | | - André Petenuci Tabanez
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Jéssica Lima Melchiades
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Andreia Espíndola Vieira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | | | - Marcela Claudino
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Departamento de Odontologia, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brasil
| | - Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tabanez AP, de Campos Soriani Azevedo M, Melchiades JL, Fonseca AC, Francisconi CF, Colavite PM, Biguetti CC, de Oliveira Rodini Pegoraro C, Trombone APF, Garlet GP. FTY720 administration results in a M2 associated immunoregulatory effect that positively influences the outcome of alveolar bone repair outcome in mice. Bone 2022; 163:116506. [PMID: 35902072 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The alveolar bone repair process may be influenced by multiple local and systemic factors, which include immune system cells and mediators. Macrophages allegedly play important roles in the repair process, and the transition of an initial inflammatory M1 profile into a pro-reparative M2 profile theoretically contributes to a favorable repair outcome. In this context, considering immunoregulatory molecules as potential targets for improving bone repair, this study evaluated the role of the immunoregulatory molecule FTY720, previously described to favor the development of the M2 phenotype, in the process of alveolar bone healing in C57Bl/6 (WT) mice. Experimental groups submitted to tooth extraction and maintained under control conditions or treated with FTY720 were evaluated by microtomographic (μCT), histomorphometric, immunohistochemical and molecular analysis to characterize healing and host response features at 0, 1, 3, 7 and 14 days. Our results demonstrated that the FTY720 group presented higher bone tissue density, higher bone tissue volume, greater tissue volume fraction, greater number and thickness of trabeculae and a higher number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts than the control group. Accordingly, the bone markers BMP2, BMP7, ALPL, SOST and RANK mRNA expressions increased in the FTY720 treated group. Furthermore, the levels of FIZZ, ARG2 and IL-10 mRNA increased in the FTY720 group together with the presence of CD206+ cells, suggesting that the boost of bone formation mediated by FTY720 involves an increased polarization and activity of M2 macrophages in healing sites. Thus, our results demonstrate that FTY720 favored the process of alveolar bone repair, probably trough a strengthened M2 response, associated with an increased expression of markers osteogenic differentiation and activity markers. Immunoregulatory strategies based in the modulation of macrophage polarization profile can comprise effective tools to improve the bone repair process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cláudia Cristina Biguetti
- School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo (FOB/USP), Bauru, SP, Brazil; Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States of America
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yong J, Gröger S, von Bremen J, Meyle J, Ruf S. PD-L1, a Potential Immunomodulator Linking Immunology and Orthodontically Induced Inflammatory Root Resorption (OIIRR): Friend or Foe? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911405. [PMID: 36232704 PMCID: PMC9570182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) is considered an undesired and inevitable complication induced by orthodontic forces. This inflammatory mechanism is regulated by immune cells that precede orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and can influence the severity of OIIRR. The process of OIIRR is based on an immune response. On some occasions, the immune system attacks the dentition by inflammatory processes during orthodontic treatment. Studies on the involvement of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint have demonstrated its role in evading immune responses, aiming to identify possible novel therapeutic approaches for periodontitis. In the field of orthodontics, the important question arises of whether PD-L1 has a role in the development of OIIRR to amplify the amount of resorption. We hypothesize that blocking of the PD-L1 immune checkpoint could be a suitable procedure to reduce the process of OIIRR during orthodontic tooth movement. This review attempts to shed light on the regulation of immune mechanisms and inflammatory responses that could influence the pathogenesis of OIIRR and to acquire knowledge about the role of PD-L1 in the immunomodulation involved in OIIRR. Possible clinical outcomes will be discussed in relation to PD-L1 expression and immunologic changes throughout the resorption process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Yong
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +49-641-99-46131
| | - Sabine Gröger
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Julia von Bremen
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Joerg Meyle
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Ruf
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Knaup I, Symmank J, Bastian A, Neuss S, Pufe T, Jacobs C, Wolf M. Impact of FGF1 on human periodontal ligament fibroblast growth, osteogenic differentiation and inflammatory reaction in vitro. J Orofac Orthop 2021; 83:42-55. [PMID: 34874457 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-021-00363-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate in vitro the impact of fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) in comparison to ascorbic acid (AscA) on human periodontal ligament fibroblast (HPdLF) growth, their osteogenic differentiation, and modulation of their inflammatory reaction to mechanical stress. METHODS The influence of different concentrations of FGF1 (12.5-200 ng/mL) on growth and proliferation of HPdLF cells was analyzed over 20 days by counting cell numbers and the percentage of Ki67-positive cells. Quantitative expression analysis of genes encoding the osteogenic markers alkaline phosphatase (ALPL), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteocalcin (OCN), and osteopontin (OSP), as well as the fibroblast markers vimentin (VIM) and fibroblast-specific protein 1 (FSP1), was performed after 2 and 20 days of cultivation. Metabolic activity was determined by MTT assay. For comparison with AscA, 50 ng/mL FGF1 was used for stimulation for 2 and 20 days. Cell number, percentage of Ki67-positive cells, and expression of osteoblast- and fibroblast-specific genes were examined. Alkaline phosphatase activity was visualized by NBT/BCIP and calcium deposits were stained with alizarin red. Cytokine (IL‑6, IL‑8, COX2/PGE2) expression and secretion were analyzed by qPCR and ELISA in 6 h mechanically compressed HPdLF cultured for 2 days with FGF1 or ascorbic acid. RESULTS Higher concentrations of FGF1 promoted cell proliferation upon short-term stimulation, whereas prolonged treatment induced the expression of osteogenic markers even with low concentrations. AscA promotes cell growth more markedly than FGF1 in short-term cultures, whereas FGF1 induced osteogenic cell fate more strongly in long-term culture. Both factors induced an increased inflammatory response of HPdLF to mechanical compression. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that FGF1 promotes an osteogenic phenotype of HPdLF and limits inflammatory response to mechanical forces compared to AscA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Knaup
- Department of Orthodontics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Judit Symmank
- Department of Orthodontics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Asisa Bastian
- Department of Orthodontics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabine Neuss
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, BioInterface Group, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Collin Jacobs
- Department of Orthodontics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Wolf
- Department of Orthodontics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Parcianello RG, Amerio E, Giner Tarrida L, Nart J, Flores Mir C, Puigdollers Pérez A. Local hormones and growth factors to enhance orthodontic tooth movement: A systematic review of animal studies. Orthod Craniofac Res 2021; 25:281-303. [PMID: 34694693 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged treatment times are the main reason capable of affecting patient compliance with orthodontic treatment. OBJECTIVES A systematic review was made to determine whether the local administration of hormones and growth factors effectively enhances orthodontic tooth movement, and to identify possible adverse effects in animal studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five databases (PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library) were checked for experimental studies reporting one of the following outcomes: orthodontic tooth movement, histological outcomes and side effects. After data extraction, orthodontic tooth movement linked to adjunctive substances was analysed using forest plots. The risk of bias and the quality of evidence were determined with the SYRCLE tool and the GRADE tool, respectively. RESULTS Twenty-four studies were included in the systematic review. On a specific dose level, epidermal growth factor + liposomes, fibroblast growth factor and prostaglandin E2 + Ca were supported by a moderate level of evidence and rated as highly effective in increasing tooth movement in animal models. Likewise, there was histological evidence of increased bone remodelling after the administration of these substances. Other compounds were supported by a low to very low level of evidence. CONCLUSIONS Hormones and growth factors may have a relevant impact upon orthodontic tooth movement rate. In specific formulations, prostaglandin E2 , fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor showed promising results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ettore Amerio
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Giner Tarrida
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Nart
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Flores Mir
- Division of Orthodontics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li Y, Zhan Q, Bao M, Yi J, Li Y. Biomechanical and biological responses of periodontium in orthodontic tooth movement: up-date in a new decade. Int J Oral Sci 2021; 13:20. [PMID: 34183652 PMCID: PMC8239047 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-021-00125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, orthodontic treatment has become increasingly popular. However, the biological mechanisms of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) have not been fully elucidated. We were aiming to summarize the evidences regarding the mechanisms of OTM. Firstly, we introduced the research models as a basis for further discussion of mechanisms. Secondly, we proposed a new hypothesis regarding the primary roles of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) and osteocytes involved in OTM mechanisms and summarized the biomechanical and biological responses of the periodontium in OTM through four steps, basically in OTM temporal sequences, as follows: (1) Extracellular mechanobiology of periodontium: biological, mechanical, and material changes of acellular components in periodontium under orthodontic forces were introduced. (2) Cell strain: the sensing, transduction, and regulation of mechanical stimuli in PDLCs and osteocytes. (3) Cell activation and differentiation: the activation and differentiation mechanisms of osteoblast and osteoclast, the force-induced sterile inflammation, and the communication networks consisting of sensors and effectors. (4) Tissue remodeling: the remodeling of bone and periodontal ligament (PDL) in the compression side and tension side responding to mechanical stimuli and root resorption. Lastly, we talked about the clinical implications of the updated OTM mechanisms, regarding optimal orthodontic force (OOF), acceleration of OTM, and prevention of root resorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minyue Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianru Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Interleukin-20 Acts as a Promotor of Osteoclastogenesis and Orthodontic Tooth Movement. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:5539962. [PMID: 34122555 PMCID: PMC8172288 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5539962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Bones constitute organs that are engaged in constant self-remodelling. Osteoblast and osteoclast homeostasis during remodelling contribute to overall skeletal status. Orthodontics is a clinical discipline that involves the investigation and implementation of moving teeth through the bone. The application of mechanical force to the teeth causes an imbalance between osteogenesis and osteogenesis in alveolar bone, leading to tooth movement. Osteoimmunology comprises the crosstalk between the immune and skeletal systems that regulate osteoclast–osteoblast homeostasis. Interleukin- (IL-) 20, an IL-10 family member, is regarded as a proinflammatory factor for autoimmune diseases and has been implicated in bone loss disease. However, the mechanism by which IL-20 regulates osteoclast differentiation and osteoclastogenesis activation remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of IL-20 on osteoclast differentiation in a rat model; it explored the underlying molecular mechanism in vitro and the specific effects on orthodontic tooth movement in vivo. Methods For in vitro analyses, primary rat bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were prepared from Sprague–Dawley rats for osteoclast induction. After BMMs had been treated with combinations of recombinant IL-20 protein, siRNA, and plasmids, the expression levels of osteoclast-specific factors and signalling pathway proteins were detected through real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. For in vivo analyses, IL-20 was injected into the rat intraperitoneal cavity after the establishment of a rat orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) model. OTM distance was detected by Micro-CT and HE staining; the expression levels of protein were detected through immunofluorescence staining. Results In vitro analyses showed that a low concentration of IL-20 promoted preosteoclast proliferation and osteoclastogenesis. However, a high concentration of IL-20 inhibited BMM proliferation and osteoclastogenesis. IL-20 knockdown decreased the expression of osteoclast specific-markers, while IL-20 overexpression increased the expression of osteoclast specific-markers. Furthermore, IL-20 regulated osteoclast differentiation through the OPG/RANKL/RANK pathway. Overexpression of IL-20 could significantly upregulate RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation and osteoclast specific-marker expression; moreover, RANKL/NF-κB/NFATc1 acted as downstream signalling molecule for IL-20. In vivo analysis showed that OTM speed was significantly increased after intraperitoneal injection of IL-20; additionally, mechanical stress sensing proteins were markedly activated. Conclusions IL-20 augments osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast-mediated bone erosion through the RANKL/NF-κB/NFATc1 signalling pathway. IL-20 inhibition can effectively reduce osteoclast differentiation and diminish bone resorption. Furthermore, IL-20 can accelerate orthodontic tooth movement and activate mechanical stress sensing proteins.
Collapse
|
14
|
Keerthana P, Diddige R, Chitra P. Performance comparison of vibration devices on orthodontic tooth movement - A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2020; 10:814-823. [PMID: 33224725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the efficiency of vibratory devices in altering rate of orthodontic tooth movement. Methods A literature search up to January 31, 2020 was conducted in three electronic databases: PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and Science Direct, to identify studies on vibratory devices reporting any alteration in tooth movement as a primary outcome. Only articles published in English language were included. A meta-analysis was done to compare the amount of tooth movement (in mm) in patients treated with vibratory devices compared to control groups, to quantify weighted treatment effects. Results A total of two split mouth studies, six parallel arm randomized control trials (RCT) one split mouth RCT, and three regular RCTs were assessed qualitatively. Quantitative assessment was done for 8 randomized trials using a forest plot (310 patients). Pooled data showed increase in the amount of tooth movement by 0.34 mm (95% CI:0.25,0.42). There was a statistically significant difference noted for this result at p < 0.00001. Conclusion Current evidence suggests a moderate to high level of certainty in regard to included studies in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Vibratory devices when used in conjunction with fixed orthodontic appliances show significant increase in the rate of tooth movement. These devices can be used by clinicians to reduce treatment duration and patient discomfort. PROSPERO registration CRD42020169675.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pasupureddi Keerthana
- Department of Orthodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, KNR University, Secunderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rajasri Diddige
- Department of Orthodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, KNR University, Secunderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Prasad Chitra
- Department of Orthodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, KNR University, Secunderabad, Telangana, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ma X, Zhu M, Mi X, Chen F. Role of FGF23 c.35C>A in Bone Remodeling during Orthodontic Tooth Movement. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.29.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Ma
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration
| | - Mengjiao Zhu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration
| | - Xiaohui Mi
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration
| | - Fengshan Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Neppelenbroek KH, Honório HM, Garlet GP. To P or not to P, is that the question? Rethinking experimental design and data analysis to improve biological significance beyond the statistical significance. J Appl Oral Sci 2019; 27:e2019ed001. [PMID: 31596371 PMCID: PMC7700743 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2019-ed001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
17
|
Kumar G, Rawat G, Amrita, Kumar V, Saimbi CS. Evaluation of enzyme activity and rate of tooth movement in corticotomy-accelerated tooth movement - A randomized clinical trial. J Orthod Sci 2019; 8:13. [PMID: 31497572 PMCID: PMC6702679 DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_76_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to evaluate the enzyme activity profiles in human saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in accelerated tooth movement when compared with normal orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in extraction cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty patients who required premolar extractions were treated with MBT mechanotherapy. They were divided into two equal groups: conventional (Group I) and corticotomy (Group II) which was performed on both the jaw sides before initiating retraction. GCF was collected from mesial and distal aspects of canine before initiation of retraction and at 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th days, and then at fifth and sixth weeks and third and sixth months after retraction. A total of 5 mL of unstimulated saliva was collected from the subjects after 90 min of nonoral activity (subjects were refrained from eating and drinking). RESULTS: The results showed that in Group I, the peak of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme activity occurred on the 14th day of force application. In Group II, the enzyme activity progressively increased from day 0 to 6 weeks, peaking at the sixth week, and then a decline in enzyme activity was observed on third and sixth months. When ALP and AST activities in GCF and saliva were compared between Groups I and II, no statistically significant difference was observed on days 0, 7, and 14. CONCLUSION: Corticotomy-accelerated tooth movement is a promising technique that has many applications in orthodontic treatment of adults as it helps overcome many of the current limitations of this treatment. The enzymatic activity signifies osteoclastic and osteoblastic activities, so ALP and AST from the saliva and GCF may potentially be used as biomarkers for monitoring corticotomy-assisted OTM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Uttaranchal Dental and Medical Research Institute, Majri Grant, Doiwala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Gargee Rawat
- Department of Endodontics and Conservative Dentistry, Uttaranchal Dental and Medical Research Institute, Majri Grant, Doiwala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amrita
- Department of Periodontology, Uttaranchal Dental and Medical Research Institute, Majri Grant, Doiwala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Department of Periodontology, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Demotand, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sharma K, Batra P, Sonar S, Srivastava A, Raghavan S. Periodontically accelerated orthodontic tooth movement: A narrative review. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2019; 23:5-11. [PMID: 30692736 PMCID: PMC6334545 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_207_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult orthodontics has gained widespread acceptance recently with the introduction of more esthetic options for the patient. The major deterrent that remains is the prolonged treatment time associated with comprehensive orthodontic treatment. The objective of this paper is to present a review of techniques, which could be employed by the orthodontist in conjunction with a periodontist to enhance the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. The biological rationale and clinical manipulation have been discussed with a brief review of the current literature about these techniques. The interdisciplinary approach involving the orthodontist and the periodontist can benefit the patient by affording them with reduced treatment time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karan Sharma
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Puneet Batra
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saurabh Sonar
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Srivastava
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sreevatsan Raghavan
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Expression of biological mediators during orthodontic tooth movement: A systematic review. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 95:170-186. [PMID: 30130671 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present systematic review was to offer a timeline of the events taking place during orthodontic tooth movement(OTM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE were searched up to November 2017. All studies describing the expression of signaling proteins in the periodontal ligament(PDL) of teeth subjected to OTM or describing the expression of signaling proteins in human cells of the periodontal structures subjected to static mechanical loading were considered eligible for inclusion for respectively the in-vivo or the in-vitro part. Risk of bias assessment was conducted according to the validated SYRCLE's RoB tool for animal studies and guideline for assessing quality of in-vitro studies for in-vitro studies. RESULTS We retrieved 7583 articles in the initial electronic search, from which 79 and 51 were finally analyzed. From the 139 protein investigated, only the inflammatory proteins interleukin(IL)-1β, cyclooxygenase(COX)-2 and prostaglandin(PG)-E2, osteoblast markers osteocalcin and runt-related transcription factor(RUNX)2, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand(RANKL) and osteoprotegerin(OPG) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases(ERK)1/2 are investigated in 10 or more studies. CONCLUSION The investigated proteins were presented in a theoretical model of OTM. We can conclude that the cell activation and differentiation and recruitment of osteoclasts is mediated by osteocytes, osteoblasts and PDL cells, but that the osteogenic differentiation is only seen in stem cell present in the PDL. In addition, the recently discovered Ephrin/Ephs seem to play an role parallel with the thoroughly investigated RANKL/OPG system in mediating bone resorption during OTM.
Collapse
|
21
|
Macari S, Madeira MFM, Lima ILA, Pereira TSF, Dias GJ, Cirelli JA, de Molon RS, Fukada SY, Szawka RE, Garlet GP, Teixeira MM, Silva TA. ST2 regulates bone loss in a site-dependent and estrogen-dependent manner. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:8511-8521. [PMID: 30011081 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) and its receptor, ST2, are implicated in bone remodeling. The lack of estrogen after menopause results in an accelerated bone loss. Here we investigated the role of ST2 in the bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency. ST2-deficient mice (ST2-/- ) and their littermates (wildtype [WT]) were ovariectomized (OVX), while ovary-intact mice were used as controls. Bone sites were analyzed by microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Deletion of IL-33 or ST2 resulted in a similar bone loss in the femur and maxilla. Ovariectomy in WT mice caused bone loss in the same areas. The lack of ST2 in OVX mice did not alter bone remodeling in the femur but prevented bone loss in the maxilla. Consistently, ovariectomy increased the IL-33 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in the maxilla but not in the femur. Under mechanical stimulation, ovariectomy and ST2 deletion independently increased bone remodeling induced by orthodontic tooth movement, which was also associated with a greater number of osteoclasts and a reduced number of osteoblasts in the maxillary bone. ST2-/- OVX mice, however, displayed twice as many osteoblasts as that of WT OVX mice. Ovariectomy and ST2 deletion differently altered the cytokine mRNA levels in the maxilla. Remarkably, interleukin-10 expression was decreased in both WT OVX and ST2-/- mice, and this reduction was completely restored in ST2-/- OVX mice. The results demonstrate that estrogen and IL33/ST2 independently protect against bone loss. However, the ovariectomy-induced bone loss is IL-33/ST2-dependent in the maxilla but not in the femur, indicating a bimodal and site-specific role of ST2 in bone remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soraia Macari
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mila F M Madeira
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Izabella L A Lima
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thaís S F Pereira
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - George J Dias
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Joni A Cirelli
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Rafael S de Molon
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Sandra Y Fukada
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Raphael E Szawka
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gustavo P Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tarcília A Silva
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Alikhani M, Chou MY, Khoo E, Alansari S, Kwal R, Elfersi T, Almansour A, Sangsuwon C, Al Jearah M, Nervina JM, Teixeira CC. Age-dependent biologic response to orthodontic forces. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2018; 153:632-644. [PMID: 29706211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Orthodontic tooth movement results from increased inflammation and osteoclast activation. Since patients of all ages now routinely seek orthodontics treatment, we investigated whether age-dependent biologic responses to orthodontic force correlate with the rate of tooth movement. METHODS We studied 18 healthy subjects, adolescents (11-14 years) and adults (21-45 years), with Class II Division 1 malocclusion requiring 4 first premolar extractions. Canines were retracted with a constant force of 50 cN. Gingival crevicular fluid was collected before orthodontic treatment and at days 1, 7, 14, and 28 after the canine retraction. Cytokine (IL-1β, CCL2, TNF-α) and osteoclast markers (RANKL and MMP-9) were measured using antibody-based protein assays. Pain and discomfort were monitored with a numeric rating scale. The canine retraction rate was measured from study models taken at days 28 and 56. RESULTS Although the cytokine and osteoclast markers increased significantly in both age groups at days 1, 7, and 14, the increases were greater in adults than in adolescents. Interestingly, the rate of tooth movement in adults was significantly slower than in adolescents over the 56-day study period. Adults also reported significantly more discomfort and pain. CONCLUSIONS Age is a significant variable contributing to the biologic response to orthodontic tooth movement. Adults exhibited a significantly higher level of cytokine and osteoclasts activity but, counterintuitively, had a significantly slower rate of tooth movement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mani Alikhani
- Advanced Graduate Education Program in Orthodontics, Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Mass; Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Mass; Consortium for Translational Orthodontic Research, Hoboken, NJ
| | - Michelle Y Chou
- Advanced Graduate Education Program in Orthodontics, Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Mass
| | - Edmund Khoo
- Consortium for Translational Orthodontic Research, Hoboken, NJ
| | - Sarah Alansari
- Consortium for Translational Orthodontic Research, Hoboken, NJ
| | | | | | - Abdullah Almansour
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Chinapa Sangsuwon
- Consortium for Translational Orthodontic Research, Hoboken, NJ; Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Mohammed Al Jearah
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Jeanne M Nervina
- Consortium for Translational Orthodontic Research, Hoboken, NJ; Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Cristina C Teixeira
- Consortium for Translational Orthodontic Research, Hoboken, NJ; Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Asiry MA. Biological aspects of orthodontic tooth movement: A review of literature. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 25:1027-1032. [PMID: 30174498 PMCID: PMC6117289 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This review of literature describes the cellular and molecular biology of orthodontic tooth movement, including various theories and effect of chemical mediators on tooth movement. The better understanding of the tooth movement mechanism will inspire the clinicians to design and implement effective appliances that will result in maximum benefits and minimum tissue damage to the patients. This paper also emphasizes the applied aspect of different medication and hormones, during orthodontic treatment, on the signaling molecules which produce bone remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moshabab A Asiry
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Building No 3500, Riyadh 12372-7325 Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lima ILDA, Silva JMD, Rodrigues LFD, Madureira DF, Fonseca AC, Garlet GP, Teixeira MM, Russo RC, Fukada SY, Silva TAD. Contribution of atypical chemokine receptor 2/ackr2 in bone remodeling. Bone 2017; 101:113-122. [PMID: 28476575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone remodeling is a tightly regulated process influenced by chemokines. ACKR2 is a decoy receptor for CC chemokines functioning as regulator of inflammatory response. In this study we investigated whether the absence of ACKR2 would affect bone phenotype and remodeling induced by mechanical loading. METHODS An orthodontic appliance was placed between incisors and first molar of ACKR2 deficient (ACKR2-/-) and C57BL6/J (wild-type/WT) mice. Microtomography, histology and qPCR were performed to evaluate bone parameters, orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), bone cells counts and the expression of ACKR2, bone remodeling markers, CC chemokines and chemokines receptors. Bone marrow cells (BMC) from WT and ACKR2-/- mice were differentiated in osteoclasts and osteoblasts for analysis of activity and expression of specific markers. RESULTS Mechanical stimulus induced ACKR2 production in periodontium. The expression of ACKR2 in vitro was mostly detected in mature osteoclasts and early-differentiated osteoblasts. Although ACKR2-/- mice exhibited regular phenotype in maxillary bone, the amount of OTM, osteoclasts counts and the expression of pro-resorptive markers were increased in this group. In contrast, the number of osteoblasts and related markers were decreased. OTM resulted in augmented expression of CC chemokines and receptors CCR5 and CCR1 in periodontium, which was higher in ACKR2-/- than WT mice. In vitro experiments demonstrated an augmented formation of osteoclasts and diminished differentiation of osteoblasts in ACKR2-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS These data suggests that ACKR2 functions as a regulator of mechanically-induced bone remodeling by affecting the differentiation and activity of bone cells and the availability of CC chemokines at periodontal microenvironment. Therapeutic strategies based on increase of ACKR2 might be useful to hinder bone loss in inflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabella Lucas de Abreu Lima
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, ICB/UFMG, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, 31.270-9010 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Janine Mayra da Silva
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, ICB/UFMG, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, 31.270-9010 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Letícia Fernanda Duffles Rodrigues
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, 31.270-9010 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Davidson Frois Madureira
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, ICB/UFMG, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, 31.270-9010 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Angélica Cristina Fonseca
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, FOB/USP, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisola 9-75, CEP 17012-901 Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, FOB/USP, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisola 9-75, CEP 17012-901 Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, ICB/UFMG, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, 31.270-9010 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Remo Castro Russo
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Mechanics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, ICB/UFMG, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, 31.270-9010 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Sandra Yasuyo Fukada
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University, Avenida do Café, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 14040-903 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Tarcília Aparecida da Silva
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, ICB/UFMG, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, 31.270-9010 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nandi A, Bishayi B. CCR-2 neutralization augments murine fresh BMC activation by Staphylococcus aureus via two distinct mechanisms: at the level of ROS production and cytokine response. Innate Immun 2017; 23:345-372. [PMID: 28409543 DOI: 10.1177/1753425917697806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CCR-2 signaling regulates recruitment of monocytes from the bone marrow into the bloodstream and then to sites of infection. We sought to determine whether CCL-2/CCR-2 signaling is involved in the killing of Staphylococcus aureus by murine bone marrow cells (BMCs). The intermittent link of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-NF-κB/p38-MAPK-mediated CCL-2 production in CCR-2 signaling prompted us to determine whether neutralization of CCR-2 augments the response of murine fresh BMCs (FBMCs) after S. aureus infection. It was observed that anti-CCR-2 Ab-treated FBMCs released fewer ROS on encountering S. aureus infection than CCR-2 non-neutralized FBMCs, also correlating with reduced killing of S. aureus in CCR-2 neutralized FBMCs. Staphylococcal catalase and SOD were also found to play a role in protecting S. aureus from the ROS-mediated killing of FBMC. S. aureus infection of CCR-2 intact FBMCs pre-treated with either NF-κB or p-38-MAPK blocker induced less CCL-2, suggesting that NF-κB or p-38-MAPK is required for CCL-2 production by FBMCs. Moreover, blocking of CCR-2 along with NF-κB or p-38-MAPK resulted in elevated CCL-2 production and reduced CCR-2 expression. Inhibition of CCR-2 impairs the response of murine BMCs to S. aureus infection by attenuation ROS production and modulating the cytokine response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajeya Nandi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, West Bengal, India
| | - Biswadev Bishayi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kouskoura T, Katsaros C, von Gunten S. The Potential Use of Pharmacological Agents to Modulate Orthodontic Tooth Movement (OTM). Front Physiol 2017; 8:67. [PMID: 28228735 PMCID: PMC5296343 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological processes that come into play during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) have been shown to be influenced by a variety of pharmacological agents. The effects of such agents are of particular relevance to the clinician as the rate of tooth movement can be accelerated or reduced as a result. This review aims to provide an overview of recent insights into drug-mediated effects and the potential use of drugs to influence the rate of tooth movement during orthodontic treatment. The limitations of current experimental models and the need for well-designed clinical and pre-clinical studies are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thaleia Kouskoura
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christos Katsaros
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chou MY, Alikhani M. A successful story of translational orthodontic research: Micro-osteoperforation-from experiments to clinical practice. APOS TRENDS IN ORTHODONTICS 2017. [DOI: 10.4103/2321-1407.199172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The gap between basic science research and clinical application has long existed and therefore translational research has emerged in recent years to bridge such gap. Consortium for Translational Orthodontic Research (CTOR) was established with missions to integrate resources from different entities and to provide a platform for interdisciplinary groups who share the same vision to exchange ideas and inspire innovations. During its short existence, CTOR has successfully carried out several research projects which led to various innovations. Micro-osteoperforation is by far one of the most successful examples of translational research in the orthodontic field. It exemplifies how translational research can benefit scientists, clinicians, and patients. In this article, the process of its development, the rationale and scientific evidence from animal and clinical studies, and how it can be applied in daily practice will be depicted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Yuching Chou
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, USA
- Consortium for Translational Research, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mani Alikhani
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, USA
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Consortium for Translational Research, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
The tooth-periodontal ligament-alveolar bone complex acts symbiotically to dissipate the mechanical loads incurred during mastication and/or orthodontic tooth movement. The periodontal ligament functions both in the tension and compression. At the molecular and celleular levels, the loads in the periodontal ligament trigger mechanobiological events in the alveolar bone, which leads to bone modeling and remodeling. The current review focuses on the bone response to mechanical loading of the periodontal ligament on the tension and pressure sides. Understanding the bone response has major implications for dentistry, including a better understanding of the different types of orthodontic tooth movement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Hermes Dutra
- Division of Orthodontics, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Room No L7056, MC1725, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Ravindra Nanda
- Division of Orthodontics, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Room No L7056, MC1725, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Sumit Yadav
- Division of Orthodontics, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Room No L7056, MC1725, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sadegh AAM, Rezvaneh G, Shahroo EM, Mojgan A, Azam K, Shahram R, Reza SA, Nafiseh M. Effect of supplementary zinc on orthodontic tooth movement in a rat model. Dental Press J Orthod 2016; 21:45-50. [PMID: 27275614 PMCID: PMC4896281 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.21.2.045-050.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoclasts and osteoblasts are responsible for regulating bone homeostasis during which the trace element zinc has been shown to exert a cumulative effect on bone mass by stimulating osteoblastic bone formation and inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of zinc (Zn) on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in a rat model. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 44 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of 11 animals each and received 0, 1.5, 20 and 50 ppm Zn in distilled water for 60 days. In the last 21 days of the study, nickel-titanium closed coil springs were ligated between maxillary right incisors and first molars of all rats, and tooth movement was measured at the end of this period. Histological analysis of hematoxylin/eosin slides was performed to assess root resorption lacunae, osteoclast number and periodontal ligament (PDL) width. RESULTS Mean OTM was calculated as 51.8, 49.1, 35.5 and 45 µm in the 0, 1.5, 20 and 50 ppm zinc-receiving groups, respectively. There were no significant differences in neither OTM nor histological parameters among the study groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION According to the results obtained in the current investigation, increase in supplementary zinc up to 50 ppm does not affect the rate of OTM neither bone and root resorption in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghazanfari Rezvaneh
- Postgraduate student, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,
Prosthodontic Department, Tehran, Iran
| | - Etemad-Moghadam Shahroo
- Associate Professor, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dental
Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alaeddini Mojgan
- Associate Professor, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dental
Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khorshidian Azam
- Dentist, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dental Research center,
Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rabbani Shahram
- Head of Experimental Research Laboratory, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shamshiri Ahmad Reza
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Research Center for Caries
Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Department of Community Oral Health, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Momeni Nafiseh
- Dentist, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dental Research center,
Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Moura AP, Montalvany-Antonucci CC, Rodrigues de Albuquerque Taddei S, Queiroz-Junior CM, Biguetti CC, Garlet GP, Ferreira AJ, Teixeira MM, Silva TA, Andrade, Jr I. Effects of angiotensin II type I receptor blocker losartan on orthodontic tooth movement. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2016; 149:358-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
31
|
Lee S, Yoo H, Kim S. CCR5-CCL Axis in PDL during Orthodontic Biophysical Force Application. J Dent Res 2015; 94:1715-23. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034515603926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth movement by application of orthodontic biophysical force primarily reflects the role of soluble molecules released from the periodontal ligament (PDL). Thus far, many factors have been reported to be involved in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), but key molecules that orchestrate responses of periodontal tissues to biophysical force are still enigmatic. In this in vivo study, in which the upper first molars in rats were moved, differential display–polymerase chain reaction revealed that CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) level was differentially increased during OTM. Strong immunoreactivity for CCR5 was found in the PDL undergoing force application. Moreover, the in vitro compression or tension force application to primary cultured human PDL cells increased the expression of CCR5 and CCR5 ligands. In vitro tension force on human PDL cells did not induce RANKL, an osteoclastogenesis-inducing factor, but did induce the upregulation of IL12, an osteoclast inhibitory factor, and osteoblast differentiation factors, including Runx2, which was attenuated under tension by CCR5 gene silencing whereas augmented with CCR5 ligands. In contrast, in vitro compression force did not induce the expression of osteoprotegerin, a decoy receptor for RANKL and Runx2, but did induce the upregulation of RANKL, which was attenuated under compression by CCR5 gene silencing. These results suggest that the CCR5–CCR5 ligands axis in PDL cells may play a crucial role in the remodeling of periodontal tissues and can be a therapeutic target for achieving efficient OTM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S.Y. Lee
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - H.I. Yoo
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - S.H. Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Alansari S, Sangsuwon C, Vongthongleur T, Kwal R, Teo MC, Lee YB, Nervina J, Teixeira C, Alikhani M. Biological principles behind accelerated tooth movement. Semin Orthod 2015. [DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
33
|
Zeng M, Kou X, Yang R, Liu D, Wang X, Song Y, Zhang J, Yan Y, Liu F, He D, Gan Y, Zhou Y. Orthodontic Force Induces Systemic Inflammatory Monocyte Responses. J Dent Res 2015; 94:1295-302. [PMID: 26130260 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515592868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement are considered regional reactions. However, how systemic immune responses are involved in this regional reaction remains unclear. In this study, we explored the systemic effects of orthodontic force by focusing on the mononuclear phagocyte system. Flow cytometric analysis showed that the percentage of inflammatory monocytes, in peripheral blood and in the monocyte reservoir spleen, decreased on days 1 and 3 and then recovered on day 7 after force application. Along with the systemic decrease of inflammatory monocyte percentage, the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase–positive osteoclasts increased in the compression side of the periodontal tissue during orthodontic tooth movement. Systemic transfusion of enhanced green fluorescent protein–labeled inflammatory monocytes showed recruitment of these monocytes to the orthodontic force compression side of periodontal tissues. These monocytes were colocalized with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase–positive osteoclasts. In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that orthodontic force could upregulate the expression of pivotal monocyte chemokine monocyte chemotactic protein 1 in periodontal tissues or cultured periodontal ligament cells, which may contribute to monocyte recruitment to regional sites. These data suggest that orthodontic force induces systemic immune responses related to inflammatory monocytes and that systemic inflammatory monocytes can be recruited to periodontal tissues by orthodontic force stimulus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Zeng
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - X. Kou
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - R. Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - D. Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - X. Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Y. Song
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - J. Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Y. Yan
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - F. Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - D. He
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Y. Gan
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center for Temporomandibular Disorders and Orofacial Pain, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Y. Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Vieira AE, Repeke CE, Ferreira Junior SDB, Colavite PM, Biguetti CC, Oliveira RC, Assis GF, Taga R, Trombone APF, Garlet GP. Intramembranous bone healing process subsequent to tooth extraction in mice: micro-computed tomography, histomorphometric and molecular characterization. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128021. [PMID: 26023920 PMCID: PMC4449187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue has a significant potential for healing, which involves a significant the interplay between bone and immune cells. While fracture healing represents a useful model to investigate endochondral bone healing, intramembranous bone healing models are yet to be developed and characterized. In this study, a micro-computed tomography, histomorphometric and molecular (RealTimePCRarray) characterization of post tooth-extraction alveolar bone healing was performed on C57Bl/6 WT mice. After the initial clot dominance (0h), the development of a provisional immature granulation tissue is evident (7d), characterized by marked cell proliferation, angiogenesis and inflammatory cells infiltration; associated with peaks of growth factors (BMP-2-4-7,TGFβ1,VEGFa), cytokines (TNFα, IL-10), chemokines & receptors (CXCL12, CCL25, CCR5, CXCR4), matrix (Col1a1-2, ITGA4, VTN, MMP1a) and MSCs (CD105, CD106, OCT4, NANOG, CD34, CD146) markers expression. Granulation tissue is sequentially replaced by more mature connective tissue (14d), characterized by inflammatory infiltrate reduction along the increased bone formation, marked expression of matrix remodeling enzymes (MMP-2-9), bone formation/maturation (RUNX2, ALP, DMP1, PHEX, SOST) markers, and chemokines & receptors associated with healing (CCL2, CCL17, CCR2). No evidences of cartilage cells or tissue were observed, strengthening the intramembranous nature of bone healing. Bone microarchitecture analysis supports the evolving healing, with total tissue and bone volumes as trabecular number and thickness showing a progressive increase over time. The extraction socket healing process is considered complete (21d) when the dental socket is filled by trabeculae bone with well-defined medullary canals; it being the expression of mature bone markers prevalent at this period. Our data confirms the intramembranous bone healing nature of the model used, revealing parallels between the gene expression profile and the histomorphometric events and the potential participation of MCSs and immune cells in the healing process, supporting the forthcoming application of the model for the better understanding of the bone healing process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Espindola Vieira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Repeke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila Maria Colavite
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia Cristina Biguetti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cardoso Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Gerson Francisco Assis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Rumio Taga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Andrade I, Sousa ABDS, da Silva GG. New therapeutic modalities to modulate orthodontic tooth movement. Dental Press J Orthod 2014; 19:123-33. [PMID: 25628089 PMCID: PMC4347420 DOI: 10.1590/2176-9451.19.6.123-133.sar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is desirable not only to patients because it shortens treatment time, but also to orthodontists, since treatment duration is associated with increased risk of gingival inflammation, decalcification, dental caries, and root resorption. The increased focus on the biological basis of tooth movement has rendered Orthodontics a more comprehensive specialty that incorporates facets of all fields of medicine. Current knowledge raises the possibility of using new therapeutic modalities for modulation of OTM, such as corticotomy, laser therapy, vibration (low-intensity pulsed ultrasound), local injections of biomodulators and gene therapy; with the latter being applicable in the near future. They are intended to enhance or inhibit recruitment, differentiation and/or activation of bone cells, accelerate or reduce OTM, increase stability of orthodontic results, as well as assist with the prevention of root resorption. This article summarizes recent studies on each one of these therapeutic modalities, provides readers with information about how they affect OTM and points out future clinical perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ildeu Andrade
- School of Dentistry, Catholic University of Minas Gerais
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
de Albuquerque Taddei SR, Madeira MFM, de Abreu Lima IL, Queiroz-Junior CM, Moura AP, Oliveira DD, Andrade I, da Glória Souza D, Teixeira MM, da Silva TA. Effect ofLithothamniumsp and calcium supplements in strain- and infection-induced bone resorption. Angle Orthod 2014; 84:980-8. [DOI: 10.2319/080313-579.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Rodrigues de Albuquerque Taddei
- a Immunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Quan J, Morrison NA, Johnson NW, Gao J. MCP-1 as a Potential Target to Inhibit the Bone Invasion by Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:1787-98. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Quan
- Guanghua School of Stomatology; Hospital of Stomatology; Sun Yat-sen University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Guangzhou Guangdong 510055 China
- School of Medical Science; Griffith University; QLD 4222 Australia
| | | | | | - Jin Gao
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health; Griffith University; QLD 4222 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Liu L, Wang L, Wu Y, Peng B. The expression of MCP-1 and CCR2 in induced rats periapical lesions. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:492-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
39
|
Çörekçi B, Irgın C, Halıcıoğlu K, Hezenci Y, Dursun S, Özan F. Periodontally Accelerated Molar Distalization With Miniscrew Assisted Memory Screw: A Pilot Study. Turk J Orthod 2013. [DOI: 10.13076/tjo-d-13-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
40
|
Alikhani M, Raptis M, Zoldan B, Sangsuwon C, Lee YB, Alyami B, Corpodian C, Barrera LM, Alansari S, Khoo E, Teixeira C. Effect of micro-osteoperforations on the rate of tooth movement. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2013; 144:639-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
41
|
Effect of parathyroid hormone on experimental tooth movement in rats. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2013; 144:523-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
42
|
Meeran NA. Cellular response within the periodontal ligament on application of orthodontic forces. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2013; 17:16-20. [PMID: 23633766 PMCID: PMC3636936 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.107468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During application of controlled orthodontic force on teeth, remodeling of the periodontal ligament (PDL) and the alveolar bone takes place. Orthodontic forces induce a multifaceted bone remodeling response. Osteoclasts responsible for bone resorption are mainly derived from the macrophages and osteoblasts are produced by proliferations of the cells of the periodontal ligament. Orthodontic force produces local alterations in vascularity, as well as cellular and extracellular matrix reorganization, leading to the synthesis and release of various neurotransmitters, cytokines, growth factors, colony-stimulating factors, and metabolites of arachidonic acid. Although many studies have been reported in the orthodontic and related scientific literature, research is constantly being done in this field resulting in numerous current updates in the biology of tooth movement, in response to orthodontic force. Therefore, the aim of this review is to describe the mechanical and biological processes taking place at the cellular level during orthodontic tooth movement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazeer Ahmed Meeran
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Priyadarshini Dental College and Hospital, Thiruvallur Taluk, Pandur, Tamilnadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Taddei SRDA, Queiroz-Junior CM, Moura AP, Andrade I, Garlet GP, Proudfoot AEI, Teixeira MM, da Silva TA. The effect of CCL3 and CCR1 in bone remodeling induced by mechanical loading during orthodontic tooth movement in mice. Bone 2013; 52:259-67. [PMID: 23059626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bone remodeling is affected by mechanical loading and inflammatory mediators, including chemokines. The chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3) is involved in bone remodeling by binding to C-C chemokine receptors 1 and 5 (CCR1 and CCR5) expressed on osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Our group has previously demonstrated that CCR5 down-regulates mechanical loading-induced bone resorption. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the role of CCR1 and CCL3 in bone remodeling induced by mechanical loading during orthodontic tooth movement in mice. Our results showed that bone remodeling was significantly decreased in CCL3(-/-) and CCR1(-/-) mice and in animals treated with Met-RANTES (an antagonist of CCR5 and CCR1). mRNA levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK), its ligand RANKL, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and RANKL/osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio were diminished in the periodontium of CCL3(-/-) mice and in the group treated with Met-RANTES. Met-RANTES treatment also reduced the levels of cathepsin K and metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13). The expression of the osteoblast markers runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and periostin was decreased, while osteocalcin (OCN) was augmented in CCL3(-/-) and Met-RANTES-treated mice. Altogether, these findings show that CCR1 is pivotal for bone remodeling induced by mechanical loading during orthodontic tooth movement and these actions depend, at least in part, on CCL3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvana R de Albuquerque Taddei
- Laboratory Immunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, ICB/UFMG, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, 31.270-9010, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Madureira DF, Taddei SDA, Abreu MHNG, Pretti H, Lages EMB, da Silva TA. Kinetics of interleukin-6 and chemokine ligands 2 and 3 expression of periodontal tissues during orthodontic tooth movement. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2012; 142:494-500. [PMID: 22999673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2012.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mechanical loading induces remodeling of the periodontal ligament and the alveolar bone and is mediated by cytokines and chemokines. In this study, we investigated the kinetics of interleukin-6 and chemokine ligands 2 and 3 levels in periodontal ligaments subjected to orthodontic forces. METHODS We used 64 premolars in this split-mouth design study. The experimental group consisted of premolars subjected to a force of 0.980 N in the apical direction for 3 hours, 15 hours, 3 days, 12 days, or 21 days with a 0.017 × 0.025-in beta-titanium alloy cantilever. The contralateral teeth, without orthodontic appliances, were used as controls. The premolars were extracted for orthodontic reasons, and the periodontal ligaments were scraped for analysis of cytokine levels by ELISA. RESULTS Compared with the control group, an increase in chemokine ligand 2 was observed on days 3 and 12, and increases in interleukin-6 and chemokine ligand 3 were observed on day 12 in the experimental group. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrated differential expressions of interleukin-6 and chemokine ligands 2 and 3 in periodontal ligaments after mechanical loading; this might reflect the distinct roles of these molecules in the bone remodeling process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davidson Fróis Madureira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Taddei SRDA, Moura AP, Andrade I, Garlet GP, Garlet TP, Teixeira MM, da Silva TA. Experimental model of tooth movement in mice: A standardized protocol for studying bone remodeling under compression and tensile strains. J Biomech 2012; 45:2729-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|