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Dunbar E, Chalmers E, Sivamurthy G, Revie G, McIntyre GT, Mossey PA. Is occlusal contact re-established within 6 months after bonding of a fixed anterior bite plane in adolescents with a Class II division 2 incisor relationship? A randomised controlled trial. J Orthod 2024:14653125241277832. [PMID: 39345006 DOI: 10.1177/14653125241277832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if re-establishment of occlusal contact was achieved within 6 months after insertion of a fixed anterior bite plane in individuals with Class II division 2 incisor relationship, and to evaluate the occlusal and vertical skeletal changes and acceptance of the intra-oral scanner and bite plane. DESIGN Single-centre two-arm parallel group randomised controlled trial with 1:1 allocation to intervention and control groups. SETTING Dundee Dental Hospital and Research School, UK. PARTICIPANTS A total of 38 participants aged 9-16 years (11 males, 27 females) with Class II division 2 incisor relationship and increased overbite (greater than one-third incisor overlap). METHODS Participants were randomised to intervention (n = 19) and control (n = 19) groups using block randomisation. The intervention group had a fixed anterior bite plane, and the occlusion and vertical facial dimensions were monitored with intra-oral scans, lateral cephalograms and photographs. The control group received no treatment and occlusal and vertical facial dimensions were monitored with scans and photographs. Questionnaires were completed by participants and parents/carers. An intention-to-treat analysis was planned. RESULTS The overbite reduced in all participants in the intervention group (mean initial overbite: 5.07 mm, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.15-6.00; mean overbite after 6 months: 2.45 mm, 95% CI = 1.93-2.96). There was a mean incisor intrusion of 0.29 mm (95% CI = 0.17-0.42) and mean eruption of the first molars of 0.23 mm (95% CI = 0.09-0.37). There was no significant change in incisor inclination or vertical skeletal change. Feedback from participants and their parents/carers were generally positive. CONCLUSION Fixed anterior bite planes effectively reduce an increased overbite in adolescents with a Class II division 2 incisor relationship, due to a combination of incisor intrusion and molar eruption with no change in incisor inclination or vertical skeletal change. Intra-oral scanning and fixed anterior bite planes are acceptable in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Dunbar
- Orthodontic Department, Dundee Dental Hospital and Research School, Dundee, UK
| | - Elinor Chalmers
- Orthodontic Department, Dundee Dental Hospital and Research School, Dundee, UK
| | - Gautham Sivamurthy
- Orthodontic Department, Dundee Dental Hospital and Research School, Dundee, UK
| | - Gavin Revie
- Research Methodologist, Dundee Dental Hospital and Research School, Dundee, UK
| | - Grant T McIntyre
- Orthodontic Department, Dundee Dental Hospital and Research School, Dundee, UK
| | - Peter A Mossey
- Orthodontic Department, Dundee Dental Hospital and Research School, Dundee, UK
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He L, Zhang W, Liu J, Pan Y, Li S, Xie Y. Applications of nanotechnology in orthodontics: a comprehensive review of tooth movement, antibacterial properties, friction reduction, and corrosion resistance. Biomed Eng Online 2024; 23:72. [PMID: 39054528 PMCID: PMC11270802 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-024-01261-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has contributed important innovations to medicine and dentistry, and has also offered various applications to the field of orthodontics. Intraoral appliances must function in a complex environment that includes digestive enzymes, a diverse microbiome, mechanical stress, and fluctuations of pH and temperature. Nanotechnology can improve the performance of orthodontic brackets and archwires by reducing friction, inhibiting bacterial growth and biofilm formation, optimizing tooth remineralization, improving corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of metal substrates, and accelerating or decelerating orthodontic tooth movement through the application of novel nanocoatings, nanoelectromechanical systems, and nanorobots. This comprehensive review systematically explores the orthodontic applications of nanotechnology, particularly its impacts on tooth movement, antibacterial activity, friction reduction, and corrosion resistance. A search across PubMed, the Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar yielded 261 papers, of which 28 met our inclusion criteria. These selected studies highlight the significant benefits of nanotechnology in orthodontic devices. Recent clinical trials demonstrate that advancements brought by nanotechnology may facilitate the future delivery of more effective and comfortable orthodontic care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longwen He
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No. 366, South of Jiangnan Boulevard, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Wenzhong Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No. 366, South of Jiangnan Boulevard, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No. 366, South of Jiangnan Boulevard, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yuemei Pan
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No. 366, South of Jiangnan Boulevard, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Simin Li
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No. 366, South of Jiangnan Boulevard, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yueqiang Xie
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No. 366, South of Jiangnan Boulevard, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
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van der Bie RM, Bos A, Bruers JJM, Jonkman REG. Patient adherence in orthodontics: a scoping review. BDJ Open 2024; 10:58. [PMID: 39013856 PMCID: PMC11252357 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-024-00235-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient adherence is a key factor in achieving orthodontic treatment success. Despite an evolution in orthodontic healthcare, no recent comprehensive reviews are available on patient adherence in orthodontics. This scoping review provides an evidence-based overview of the literature available on multiple aspects of patient adherence in orthodontics, during both active treatment as well as during the retention phase. Knowledge gaps identified in the literature are listed. METHODS The protocol for this scoping review was registered in the Open Science Framework ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/EC6QD ). Electronic databases and reference lists of relevant studies were searched up to 9 February 2023. The inclusion criteria were studies investigating any form of patient adherence in orthodontics published in English from 2006 onwards. The exclusion criteria were studies investigating adherence in the following patients: those with an intellectual or physical disability that could affect their ability to coincide with their therapist's recommendations and advice, those with oral cleft and craniofacial conditions, and those treated solely for obstructive sleep apnoea. Non-peer-reviewed studies and case reports were also excluded. RESULTS A total of 3284 articles were identified, 60 of which met the criteria for final inclusion. CONCLUSIONS There is no conclusive evidence on which factors have a significant impact on patient adherence and how patient adherence can be promoted. The degree of patient adherence is generally not compared to achieved treatment results or stability of treatment results, making it difficult to provide clear statements about the impact of the degree of adherence on desired treatment results or orthodontic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Max van der Bie
- Department of Orthodontics, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Vrije Universiteit (VU), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Annemieke Bos
- Department of Orthodontics, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Vrije Universiteit (VU), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Joseph Mathieu Bruers
- Department of Oral Public Health, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Vrije Universiteit (VU), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Edwin Gaston Jonkman
- Department of Orthodontics, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Vrije Universiteit (VU), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Atik E, Taner T, Aksu M. Is wear time of Hawley retainers measured with microsensors related to mandibular arch stability? J Orofac Orthop 2023:10.1007/s00056-023-00495-x. [PMID: 37731053 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-023-00495-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to show a possible correlation between the mean wear time of Hawley retainers and long-term mandibular arch stability as assessed via wear time analysis with microsensors. METHODS This longitudinal retrospective study comprised 47 subjects (mean age 16.30 ± 1.06 years) having been treated with a nonextraction protocol and presenting moderate crowding at pretreatment. For retention, all patients were instructed to use a mandibular Hawley retainer for 12 months, and wear time was documented every 3 months during a posttreatment period of 6 months using TheraMon software. These individuals were divided into two groups. Those who adhered to a wear time equal to or more than 12 h/day (group 1A; N = 17) and those who complied for less than 12 h/day (group 2A; N = 30) were compared with respect to changes of the mandibular arch during the first 6 months of retention. Furthermore, a subgroup of 28 patients who completed a 12-month follow-up period were again divided into two groups: the individuals in group 1B (N = 12) adhered to a wear time equal to or more than 8 h/day, while those in group 2B (N = 16) complied for less than 8 h/day. Little's Irregularity Index, intercanine and intermolar widths, arch length, overjet, and overbite were measured on mandibular models taken at pretreatment (T0) and posttreatment (T1), as well as 6 months (T2) and 12 months (T3) after debonding. Pearson correlation test, independent samples t‑test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical evaluation. RESULTS From T1 to T2, group 1A and group 2A showed a significant relapse in intermolar width with a difference in the median value of 0.38 mm (p = 0.019). At the complete 12-month follow-up, the increase in Little's irregularity score was significantly greater in group 2B (2.54 ± 1.29 mm) than in group 1B (1.32 ± 1.03 mm; p = 0.012). The established wear time measurements showed significant negative correlations with the Little's irregularity score and overjet changes between T1 and T3 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results emphasized that the use of a retainer should not fall below a level of at least 8 h/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Atik
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Tulin Taner
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muge Aksu
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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A survey of patient compliance with removable orthodontic retainer wear in Brunei Darussalam. BDJ Open 2023; 9:10. [PMID: 36869042 PMCID: PMC9984364 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-023-00138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore compliance with removable orthodontic retainer wear among patients who had completed fixed appliance orthodontic treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was distributed to patients who had completed orthodontic treatment at the government orthodontic clinics. The response rate was 54.9%, 663 questionnaires were distributed and 364 responses were received. Demographic information was collected, and questions regarding types of retainers prescribed, instructed and actual wear times, satisfaction levels, and reasons for wearing and not wearing retainers. Chi Square, Fisher's Exact tests and Independent T-Test were used to detect significant associations between variables. RESULTS Respondents under 20 years old and employed were the most compliant. The mean satisfaction levels of Hawley Retainer and Vacuum-Formed Retainer were reported to be 3.7 (P = 0.565). About 28% of those in both groups stated that they wear them to maintain their teeth straight. 32.7% of Hawley retainer wearers reported not wearing their retainers due to speech difficulties. CONCLUSION Age and employment status were the variables that determined compliance. There was no significant difference in the satisfaction levels between the two retainer types. Most respondents wear their retainers to keep their teeth straight. Discomfort and forgetfulness were the primary reasons for not wearing retainers, besides speech difficulties.
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Prasad S, Arunachalam S, Boillat T, Ghoneima A, Gandedkar N, Diar-Bakirly S. Wearable Orofacial Technology and Orthodontics. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:24. [PMID: 36661561 PMCID: PMC9858298 DOI: 10.3390/dj11010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Wearable technology to augment traditional approaches are increasingly being added to the arsenals of treatment providers. Wearable technology generally refers to electronic systems, devices, or sensors that are usually worn on or are in close proximity to the human body. Wearables may be stand-alone or integrated into materials that are worn on the body. What sets medical wearables apart from other systems is their ability to collect, store, and relay information regarding an individual's current body status to other devices operating on compatible networks in naturalistic settings. The last decade has witnessed a steady increase in the use of wearables specific to the orofacial region. Applications range from supplementing diagnosis, tracking treatment progress, monitoring patient compliance, and better understanding the jaw's functional and parafunctional activities. Orofacial wearable devices may be unimodal or incorporate multiple sensing modalities. The objective data collected continuously, in real time, in naturalistic settings using these orofacial wearables provide opportunities to formulate accurate and personalized treatment strategies. In the not-too-distant future, it is anticipated that information about an individual's current oral health status may provide patient-centric personalized care to prevent, diagnose, and treat oral diseases, with wearables playing a key role. In this review, we examine the progress achieved, summarize applications of orthodontic relevance and examine the future potential of orofacial wearables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabarinath Prasad
- Department of Orthodontics, Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 50505, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sivakumar Arunachalam
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Thomas Boillat
- Design Lab, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 50505, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed Ghoneima
- Department of Orthodontics, Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 50505, United Arab Emirates
| | - Narayan Gandedkar
- Discipline of Orthodontics & Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Samira Diar-Bakirly
- Department of Orthodontics, Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 50505, United Arab Emirates
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Wilson S, Idicula D, Littlewood SJ, Barber S. Orthodontic retention experience of university students: A qualitative study. J Orthod 2022; 50:177-187. [DOI: 10.1177/14653125221134300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore university students’ experience of retention and identify potential barriers and facilitators to long-term adherence. Design: Cross-sectional qualitative study using virtual focus groups. Setting: University of Leeds. Participants: Dental and non-dental students from the University of Leeds, who had previously undergone orthodontic treatment and had received removable retainers. Methods: Students were invited to participate via email. Virtual focus groups were undertaken using Microsoft Teams. A topic guide was used to explore the experience of orthodontic retention including factors that influence long-term retainer wear. Focus groups were recorded and analysed using an inductive thematic approach. Results: In total, 23 students participated in four focus groups, including 13 dental students. The period since the end of orthodontic treatment varied from 9 months to 10 years. Of the 23 participants, 8 (35%) were no longer wearing their retainers. Four themes were identified: (1) experience of orthodontic treatment including knowledge of relapse; (2) experience of retainer wear, including motivators and barriers; (3) role of others; and (4) increasing adherence. Key factors influencing use of retainers were the importance placed on maintaining treatment outcomes, awareness of unwanted tooth movement and understanding of the role of the retainer, access to replacement retainers, and ongoing support to encourage retainer wear. Greater knowledge and dental awareness reported by dental students did not necessarily increase adherence. Conclusion: Adherence to removable retainer wear is an important aspect of orthodontic treatment but it is recognised that long-term retainer wear is highly variable. The understanding of relapse and retention is variable. Challenges in gaining access to replacement retainers are a common cause of cessation of retainer wear. Dental professionals are perceived to be important in encouraging and supporting retainer wear and individuals reported they would like more follow-up.
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Nahajowski M, Lis J, Sarul M. Orthodontic Compliance Assessment: A Systematic Review. Int Dent J 2022; 72:597-606. [PMID: 35961844 PMCID: PMC9485511 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this review was to determine whether the type of removable appliance, as well as the age and sex of the patient, may affect the extension or reduction of wear time by assessing the correlation between the mean actual and orthodontist-recommended wear times. METHODS Randomised case control trials, cohort studies, case series, observational studies, reviews, and retrospective analyses were identified. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Tool and modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The electronic databases Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were reviewed, and 542 articles were obtained, of which 31 were qualified for qualitative synthesis. The data from 1674 participants were collected and a weighted average was determined for the mean wear time of each appliance. RESULTS Regardless of the type of extra- or intraoral appliances, mean wear time was shorter than recommended, although patients using intraoral appliances cooperated more. The best compliance was noted for Schwarz appliances (73.70%) and plate retainers (85%). There was no evidence of an influence of patients' age and sex on compliance during treatment. CONCLUSIONS The considerable inconsistency and imprecision of articles could affect the reliability of the results. Previous studies analysing the effectiveness of treatment with removable appliances based on an arbitrarily assumed average wear time need to be revised in order to verify the actual wear time with the use of microsensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Nahajowski
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Lis
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Michał Sarul
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Nahajowski M, Lis J, Sarul M. The Use of Microsensors to Assess the Daily Wear Time of Removable Orthodontic Appliances: A Prospective Cohort Study. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22072435. [PMID: 35408050 PMCID: PMC9003140 DOI: 10.3390/s22072435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Orthodontic treatment with removable appliances is still common in children and adolescents. However, their effectiveness depends primarily on the patients’ compliance. Currently, it is possible to check the daily wear time (DWT) of the removable appliances using special microsensors. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to assess the degree of patients’ compliance depending on the type of removable appliance used. In total, 167 patients (87 F, 80 M) were enrolled in the study and were treated with block appliances (Klammt, Twin-Block), Schwarz plates, and block appliances in combination with headgear. All patients were followed up for 6 months with the mean daily wear time checked at followup visits using TheraMon® microsensors fitted in the appliances. It has been shown that the type of appliance influences the patients’ compliance. The DWT for the Twin Block was significantly longer compared to the DWT for the other appliances. Girls have been shown to wear removable appliances better than boys. It has been proven that the majority of patients do not follow the orthodontist’s recommendations, wearing removable appliances for just over half of the recommended time. Microsensors can be used for objective verification of patients’ compliance, which allows for a reliable assessment of the effectiveness of treatment with removable appliances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Nahajowski
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Clinic of Orthodontics, Academic Policlinic of Stomatology, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Joanna Lis
- Clinic of Orthodontics, Academic Policlinic of Stomatology, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Michał Sarul
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Clinic of Integrated Dentistry, Academic Policlinic of Stomatology, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
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İshakoğlu S, Çokakoğlu S. Evaluation of relapse with thermoplastic retainers equipped with microsensors. Angle Orthod 2022; 92:340-346. [PMID: 35076691 DOI: 10.2319/072221-578.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine relapse with thermoplastic retainers equipped with microsensors 1 year after treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 42 patients (29 females, 13 males) treated with four premolar extractions were included in this study. Thermoplastic appliances equipped with TheraMon microsensors (Handelsagentur Gschladt, Hargelsberg, Austria) were used to assess daily wear time (DWT), and the patients were monitored at 2-month intervals for a period of 12 months. At the end of the follow-up, the following two groups were formed based on the mean DWT: short wear time (SWT; <9 h/d) and long wear time (LWT; ≥9 h/d). Digital models were constructed before treatment (T0), at debonding (T1), and 6 months (T2) and 12 months (T3) after debonding. Little's Irregularity Index (LII) and the intercanine and intermolar widths, arch lengths, overjet, and overbite were calculated based on the digital models. Data were analyzed statistically. RESULTS Irregularity and overjet increased, whereas transverse measurements and arch lengths decreased with time in both groups. During the retention period, overbite decreased in the SWT group but increased in the LWT group. There were significant differences between groups only in mandibular irregularity. The LII values of the SWT group were significantly higher than those of the LWT group for the T1-T2 and T1-T3 time intervals (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS A mean DWT less than 9 hours/day was inadequate for controlling irregularity within clinically acceptable limits. A wear time of at least 9 h/d is recommended for the maintenance of mandibular anterior alignment.
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Al-Moghrabi D, Barber S, Fleming PS. Removable retention: enhancing adherence and the remit of shared decision-making. Br Dent J 2021; 230:765-769. [PMID: 34117436 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-021-2951-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Patient adherence to removable retainer wear is integral to the long-term success of retention regimes. We discuss the factors influencing removable retainer wear, the methods of gauging wear levels, approaches to enhance adherence and the quality of online available information concerning retention. The potential value of patient involvement in approaches to retention within a shared decision-making framework and motivational interviewing are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalya Al-Moghrabi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Sophy Barber
- Orthodontic Department, Leeds Dental Institute, Clarendon Way, Leeds, UK
| | - Padhraig S Fleming
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Moreno-Fernández A, Iranzo-Cortés JE, Paredes-Gallardo V, García-Sanz V, Tarazona-Álvarez B, Almerich-Silla JM, Bellot-Arcís C, Montiel-Company JM. Effectiveness of removable appliances with temperature sensors in orthodontic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Orthod 2021; 44:134-145. [PMID: 34100070 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Patient compliance during orthodontic treatment is one of the factors that most affects success in the final result. The use of removable appliances is frequent at an early age and the monitoring of its use is essential to assess the collaboration of the patient. The aim of this study was to establish the effectiveness of microsensors included in removable appliances during orthodontic treatment or in the retention phase to enable a reliable and individualized follow-up of the patient. SEARCH METHODS The article search was carried out in various electronic databases and journals without any language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA Studies using microsensors into removable appliances were selected with the key selection criterion of a minimum follow-up of 4 weeks. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS The quality of the studies included was evaluated using the Cochrane scale for the randomized controlled trials and the Newcastle Ottawa Scale for control-case, cohort, and transversal studies. The mean of the differences with a 95% confidence interval was expressed for the continuous data. RESULTS Twenty-nine full-text articles were analysed and included in the qualitative synthesis. In general, the mean daily wear time of removable appliances measured objectively was less than the time that the professional had predetermined. CONCLUSIONS The use of microsensors as an objective measurement method enhances communication and boosts confidence in the orthodontist-patient relationship. More random clinical studies with temperature sensors are needed to establish to what extent they influence the orthodontic outcome. REGISTRATION PROSPERO (CRD42019120525).
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Littlewood SJ, Dalci O, Dolce C, Holliday LS, Naraghi S. Orthodontic retention: what's on the horizon? Br Dent J 2021; 230:760-764. [PMID: 34117435 PMCID: PMC8193167 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-021-2937-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Orthodontic retention remains one of the great challenges in orthodontics. In this article, we discuss what is on the horizon to help address this challenge, including biological approaches to reduce relapse, treating patients without using retainers, technological developments, personalised medicine and the impact of COVID-19 on approaches to orthodontic retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Littlewood
- Consultant Orthodontist, Department of Orthodontics, St Luke's Hospital, Bradford, UK.
| | - Oyku Dalci
- Senior Lecturer, Discipline of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Calogero Dolce
- Professor and Chairman, Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - L Shannon Holliday
- Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sasan Naraghi
- Consultant Orthodontist, Orthodontic Clinic, Public Dental Health, Växjö, Sweden
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Krämer A, Sjöström M, Hallman M, Feldmann I. Vacuum-formed retainers and bonded retainers for dental stabilization-a randomized controlled trial. Part II: patients' perceptions 6 and 18 months after orthodontic treatment. Eur J Orthod 2021; 43:136-143. [PMID: 32613244 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjaa039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare removable vacuum-formed Essix C retainers with bonded cuspid-to-cuspid retainers (CTCs) regarding patients' perceptions after debonding and 6 and 18 months of retention. TRIAL DESIGN A single-centre two-arm parallel-group randomized controlled trial. METHODS This trial included 104 adolescent patients, computer-generated randomized, with sequentially numbered, opaque and sealed envelopes, into two groups and stratified by gender. They were treated with fixed appliances with and without tooth extractions in both jaws and were ready for debond. Patients in the intervention arm received a vacuum-formed retainer (VFR) in the mandible (n = 52), and patients in the active comparator arm received a CTC (n = 52). Both groups had a VFR in the maxilla. Treatment outcome satisfaction, quality of care and attention, side-effects during the retention phase, and retainer acceptance and compliance were assessed with questionnaires at baseline (T1, 2 weeks after debond) and after 6 (T2) and 18 months (T3) of retention. Operator was blinded to group assignment during measurements. RESULTS Ninety-five patients completed the questionnaires at all three time points. Patients were overall satisfied with treatment outcome, quality of care and attention, and how their retainers worked at all three time points, with no differences between groups. At T1 and T3, the VFR group reported significantly more pain and discomfort (T1: P = 0.005, T3: P < 0.0001) and soreness (T1: P = 0.001, T3: P = 0.011) in the mandible compared to the CTC group. The CTC group found it easier to get used to their retainers. After 18 months, 70.5 per cent in the VFR group and 73.9 per cent in the CTC group reported the recommended wear-time of the VFRs. Decreased wear-time was correlated to perceived pain and discomfort (rs = -0.421, P < 0.0001). LIMITATIONS The results were limited by our retainer design and recommended wear regimen. CONCLUSIONS Both groups reported high treatment outcome satisfaction and low levels of side-effects during the retention phase. Nevertheless, the VFR group reported more pain and discomfort at T1 and at T3. Self-reported compliance was the same in both groups. The VFR group was more concerned about relapse. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03070444 (https://clinicaltrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Krämer
- Orthodontic Clinic, Public Dental Health, Region Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden.,Centre for Research and Development, Uppsala University/Region Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden.,Department of Odontology/Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mats Sjöström
- Department of Odontology/Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mats Hallman
- Centre for Research and Development, Uppsala University/Region Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden.,Department of Odontology/Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gävle Hospital, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Ingalill Feldmann
- Centre for Research and Development, Uppsala University/Region Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden
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Kusumawardhani PI, Tarman KE, Soegiharto BM. Difference in Orthodontic Patients’ Perceptions of Essix and Hawley Retainers. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2021.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Abstract
Long-term effective therapy is essential for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) control and preventing comorbidity. OSA patients are often reported to be more receptive to oral appliance therapy over positive airway pressure (PAP). Oral appliance usage can now be objectively recorded by temperature microsensors. Studies using commercially available microsensor chips have reported data out to 1 year, with high rates of adherence (>80%), albeit in small samples. There is opportunity to further use this technology to understand individual adherence factors and patterns and in obtaining objective measures of treatment effectiveness, particularly for longer-term health outcomes and allowing comparison to PAP.
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Vagdouti G, Karvouni E, Bitsanis E, Koletsi D. Objective evaluation of compliance after orthodontic treatment using Hawley or vacuum-formed retainers: A 2-center randomized controlled trial over a 3-month period. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019; 156:717-726.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Colonna A, Lombardo L, Siciliani G, Bracci A, Guarda-Nardini L, Djukic G, Manfredini D. Smartphone-based application for EMA assessment of awake bruxism: compliance evaluation in a sample of healthy young adults. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:1395-1400. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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19
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Al-Moghrabi D, Colonio Salazar FB, Johal A, Fleming PS. Factors influencing adherence to vacuum-formed retainer wear: A qualitative study. J Orthod 2019; 46:212-219. [DOI: 10.1177/1465312519851196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore factors influencing adherence to vacuum-formed retainer wear over a minimum period of four years. Design: A qualitative study based on a randomised controlled trial assessing the effectiveness of orthodontic retainers. Setting: Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London. Participants: Fifteen participants wearing vacuum-formed retainers for at least four years. Methods: One-to-one semi-structured interviews were undertaken on a criterion-based purposive sample of participants wearing vacuum-formed retainers. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using Framework Methodology. Results: High self-reported levels of adherence in the early stages of retention were linked to a desire to maintain orthodontic outcomes and the negative perception of potential post-treatment changes. However, adherence typically reduced over time due to a combination of factors including the negative impact of retainers on quality of life and pragmatic issues related to retainer wear. Network support was found to be important in the short and long term, with instances of self-directed wear and negative beliefs concerning the importance of retainer wear and predisposition to post-treatment changes. Lack of follow-up appointments and immaturity of participants prompted independent decisions to cease retainer wear. Conclusions: Six key influencers of prolonged adherence with vacuum-formed retainer wear were identified. Future strategies to improve adherence should account for these while also being responsive to time elapsed since debond and patient age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalya Al-Moghrabi
- Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fiorella Beatriz Colonio Salazar
- Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Dental Institute, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ama Johal
- Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Padhraig S Fleming
- Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Wouters C, Lamberts TA, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM, Renkema AM. Development of a clinical practice guideline for orthodontic retention. Orthod Craniofac Res 2019; 22:69-80. [PMID: 30771260 PMCID: PMC6850190 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a clinical practice guideline (CPG) for orthodontic retention (OR). MATERIALS AND METHODS The CPG was developed according to the AGREE II instrument and EBRO (Dutch methodology for evidence-based guideline development). Reporting was done according the RIGHT statement. A Task Force developed clinical questions regarding OR. To answer these questions, a systematic literature search in PubMed and EMBASE was performed. Two independent researchers identified and selected studies, assessed risk of bias using Cochrane RoB tool and rated quality of evidence using GRADE. The Task Force formulated considerations and recommendations after discussing the evidence. The concept CPG was sent for commentary to all relevant stakeholders. RESULT One systematic review-with 15 studies-met the inclusion criteria. In case of low evidence and lack of outcome measures, expert-based considerations were developed. Over four meetings, the Task Force reached consensus on considerations and recommendations, after which the concept CPG was ready for the commentary phase. After processing the comments, the CPG was presented to the Dutch Association of Orthodontists, whereafter authorization followed. LIMITATIONS The paucity of evidence-based studies concerning OR and the reporting of measurable patient outcomes. CONCLUSION This CPG offers practitioner recommendations for best practice regarding OR, may reduce variation between practices and assists with patient aftercare. A carefully chosen retention procedure for individual patients, combined with clear information and communication between orthodontist, dentist and patient will contribute to long-term maintenance of orthodontic treatment results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleo Wouters
- Department of Dentistry, Section of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Toon A Lamberts
- Knowledge Institute of the Federation of Medical Specialists, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman
- Department of Dentistry, Section of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Marie Renkema
- Department of Dentistry, Section of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Al Rahma WJ, Kaklamanos EG, Athanasiou AE. Performance of Hawley-type retainers: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Eur J Orthod 2019; 40:115-125. [PMID: 28549122 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjx036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Although post-treatment changes are almost inevitable, and retention has long been recognized as one of the most critical and routine problems faced by orthodontists, there remains a lack of certainty regarding the parameters of any definitive retention protocol following orthodontic treatment. Objective To investigate the performance of the Hawley-type retainers. Search methods Search without restrictions in 15 databases and hand searching until December 2016. Selection criteria Randomized clinical trials comparing the performance of Hawley-type retainers to other removable appliances or comparing different Hawley-type retainers' wearing schedules. Data collection and analysis Following study retrieval and selection, data extraction and individual study risk of bias assessment using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool took place. The overall quality of the available evidence was assessed with the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. Results Finally, 10 studies were identified involving 854 individuals, followed for up to 1 year after debonding. Eight studies compared subjects using Hawley and clear thermoplastic retainers; another compared Hawley to positioner and, finally, one trial involved individuals allocated to different Hawley appliance wearing schedules. Three studies were considered as being of low, four of unclear, and three of high risk of bias. In general, few differences were observed between the Hawley and other removable retainers regarding outcomes relevant to maxillary and mandibular dental arch measurements, dental arch relationships and occlusal contacts, speech evaluation, patient reported outcomes, adverse effects, and problems related to the appliances, as well as economic evaluation related outcomes. Moreover, no differences were observed between the compared Hawley wearing schedules. Overall, the quality of the available evidence was considered low. Conclusions Given the overall quality of the available evidence and the multitude of parameters, which may have affected the results of the included trials, good practice would suggest further research in the respective field in order to increase both the quantity and quality of information available. Registration PROSPERO (CRD42015029279). Funding No funding was received for the present systematic review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Jaber Al Rahma
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eleftherios G Kaklamanos
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Athanasios E Athanasiou
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Zotti F, Zotti R, Albanese M, Nocini PF, Paganelli C. Implementing post-orthodontic compliance among adolescents wearing removable retainers through Whatsapp: a pilot study. Patient Prefer Adherence 2019; 13:609-615. [PMID: 31118585 PMCID: PMC6498955 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s200822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To determine whether the use of social media is useful in improving compliance and follow-up attendance among patients wearing retainers after orthodontic treatment. Patients and methods: Sixty post-orthodontic patients (aged 16-19 years), randomized in two groups: follow-up supported by participation in WhatsApp chat group (SG), and Control Group (CG). All patients were scheduled for quarterly check-ups for monitoring of orthodontic stability by measurement of intercanine width at the beginning of the study (t0) and every 4 months t1, t2, t3) for 1 year of observation. Patients in the SG additionally participated in a WhatsApp chat group, where they would send, on a weekly basis, snapshots showing his/her occlusion. Every month, the orthodontist acting as the moderator awarded the best five snapshots by publishing a ranking in the chat. Results: Participants in the SG featured smaller changes from the intercanine widths at baseline (at debonding) compared to the CG patients at all times during 1 year of follow-up. Follow-up attendance was regular in both groups in the first 8 months of follow-up. After that, patient compliance decreased in the CG, with eight patients missing check-up appointments. Conclusion: Engaging adolescent patients directly through WhatsApp activity seems to increase regularity in wearing removable retainers, attendance to follow-up schedule, and yield better long-term outcome in terms of orthodontic stability and compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Zotti
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatric and Gynecology, University of Verona, 37134Verona, Italy
- Correspondence: Francesca ZottiDepartment of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatric and Gynecology, University of Verona, P.Le L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134Verona, ItalyTel +39 045 812 6938Email
| | - Rinaldo Zotti
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Brescia, 25100Brescia, Italy
| | - Massimo Albanese
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatric and Gynecology, University of Verona, 37134Verona, Italy
| | - Pier Francesco Nocini
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatric and Gynecology, University of Verona, 37134Verona, Italy
| | - Corrado Paganelli
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Brescia, 25100Brescia, Italy
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Adherence to gynecological screening impacted by experienced orthodontic treatment in childhood. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2018; 299:167-171. [PMID: 30374649 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-018-4950-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental and cervical controls are two established screening programs in Germany. Compliance to orthodontic treatment in childhood is essential for dental health and one of the first health interventions that requires adherent behavior; therefore, it may be associated with participation in further screening programs in adulthood. However, it is not yet known whether early orthodontic treatment influences long-term screening adherence. METHODS Using a questionnaire administered during a visit to a special dysplasia outpatient service, this case-control study evaluated women's personal history of orthodontic care, long-term satisfaction, and dental and gynecological screening adherence. Oral health status and dental anxiety were assessed with validated instruments. Cases were categorized as cervical dysplasia only (S2) or cervical dysplasia with conization (S1) and compared to healthy controls with a normal PAP smear. RESULTS A study population of 233 participants included 132 cases and 101 controls. The control group had had orthodontic treatment during childhood more often than our study population with abnormal PAP smears (68.3% controls versus 56.1% subjects; p < 0.005). Orthodontic treatment was not associated with attending dental appointment or gynecological check-ups. However, women with an orthodontic treatment in childhood were significantly more often vaccinated against human papillomavirus than women without orthodontic treatment (p < 0.03). CONCLUSION Data suggest that women with orthodontic treatment in childhood are more conscious about prevention strategies in adulthood; therefore, compliant behavior might be established in childhood.
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Fleming PS, Al-Moghrabi D, Fudalej P, Pandis N. Orthodontic pain: The use of non-pharmacological adjuncts and its effect on compliance. Semin Orthod 2018. [DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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25
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Schott TC, Menne D. How patient-selected colors for removable appliances are reflected in electronically tracked compliance (wear times and wear behavior). Angle Orthod 2018; 88:458-464. [PMID: 29583018 DOI: 10.2319/101617-700.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A broad spectrum of colors for removable appliances, intended to optimize acceptance of treatment and patient cooperation, have been available on the dental market for years. This is the first study to analyze how patient-selected colors are reflected in wear times and wear behavior of removable appliances. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 117 children (55 girls and 62 boys) who were treated with active removable plate or functional appliances. All patients were offered to choose from 11 different colors, which were pooled into six groups (black, blue, green, yellow, pink, red) for analysis, or to combine any two to four colors ("multicolored" group) for their appliances. All appliances featured a built-in microsensor (TheraMon; MC Technology, Hargelsberg, Austria) for objective wear-time tracking. Differences between wear times were analyzed using pairwise t tests and Tukey correction. RESULTS The longest median wear times were recorded in the blue and green groups (≈11 h/d) and the shortest ones in the red and pink groups (≈9 h/d), but they were not significantly influenced by the patient-selected colors. The median wear times involved an age-related decrease by 0.56 h/y that was statistically significant ( P = .00005). No gender-specific patterns of wear behavior were observed. CONCLUSIONS Patient-selected colors for removable appliances can presumably improve acceptance of treatment, but they are not associated with statistically significant improvements in wear time or wear behavior.
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von Bremen J, Lorenz N, Ludwig B, Ruf S. Increased BMI in children—an indicator for less compliance during orthodontic treatment with removable appliances. Eur J Orthod 2018; 40:350-355. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjy007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Björn Ludwig
- Private Orthodontic Practice, Traben-Trarbach, Germany
| | - Sabine Ruf
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Giessen
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Brierley CA, Benson PE, Sandler J. How accurate are TheraMon® microsensors at measuring intraoral wear-time? Recorded vs. actual wear times in five volunteers. J Orthod 2017; 44:241-248. [DOI: 10.1080/14653125.2017.1365220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Brierley
- Academic Unit of Oral Health and Development, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Orthodontic Department, Chesterfield Royal Hospital, Chesterfield, Derbyshire, UK
| | - Philip E Benson
- Academic Unit of Oral Health and Development, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jonathan Sandler
- Orthodontic Department, Chesterfield Royal Hospital, Chesterfield, Derbyshire, UK
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Al-Moghrabi D, Salazar FC, Pandis N, Fleming PS. Compliance with removable orthodontic appliances and adjuncts: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2017; 152:17-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Al-Kurwi AS, Bos A, Kuitert RB. Overjet reduction in relation to wear time with the van Beek activator combined with a microsensor. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2017; 151:277-283. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Arreghini A, Trigila S, Lombardo L, Siciliani G. Objective assessment of compliance with intra- and extraoral removable appliances. Angle Orthod 2016; 87:88-95. [PMID: 27508935 DOI: 10.2319/020616-104.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct an objective assessment of the level of compliance in young patients prescribed various types of removable appliances and to determine the influence of device type, treatment duration, and patient age, gender, psychological maturity, and awareness of monitoring on compliance. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 30 patients were fitted with either a class 2 (Frankel or bionator) or a class 3 (face mask) removable appliance, each bearing a compliance indicator chip, and they were instructed to wear them for 13 hours per day. Compliance was monitored by means of the sensor for an average of 8 months. Of the patients, 14 were informed that their appliance was fitted with a monitoring sensor, and 16 were not. The psychological maturity of all patients was assessed on the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale, and the effect on compliance of this score as well as the patient- and treatment-related variables considered were determined via statistical analysis Results: The mean compliance recorded by the chips was 8.6 ± 2.9 hours, far lower than the 13 hours prescribed, and younger patients showed significantly greater compliance than adolescents (P < .01). However, no significant differences in compliance were found between intra- and extraoral appliances, and neither gender, psychological scores, treatment duration, nor awareness of being monitored had any significant effect. CONCLUSIONS Compliance is generally very poor in young patients, regardless of their gender and psychological maturity. Although awareness of monitoring does not appear to boost compliance, such systems may be a valuable means of providing a dentist with objective information regarding their patients' compliance.
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Al-Moghrabi D, Pandis N, Fleming PS. The effects of fixed and removable orthodontic retainers: a systematic review. Prog Orthod 2016; 17:24. [PMID: 27459974 PMCID: PMC4961661 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-016-0137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the view of the widespread acceptance of indefinite retention, it is important to determine the effects of fixed and removable orthodontic retainers on periodontal health, survival and failure rates of retainers, cost-effectiveness, and impact of orthodontic retainers on patient-reported outcomes. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was undertaken based on a defined electronic and gray literature search strategy ( PROSPERO CRD42015029169). The following databases were searched (up to October 2015); MEDLINE via OVID, PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, LILACS, BBO, ClinicalTrials.gov, the National Research Register, and ProQuest Dissertation and Thesis database. Randomized and non-randomized controlled clinical trials, prospective cohort studies, and case series (minimum sample size of 20) with minimum follow-up periods of 6 months reporting periodontal health, survival and failure rates of retainers, cost-effectiveness, and impact of orthodontic retainers on patient-reported outcomes were identified. The Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were used to assess the quality of included trials. RESULTS Twenty-four studies were identified, 18 randomized controlled trials and 6 prospective cohort studies. Of these, only 16 were deemed to be of high quality. Meta-analysis was unfeasible due to considerable clinical heterogeneity and variations in outcome measures. The mean failure risk for mandibular stainless steel fixed retainers bonded from canine to canine was 0.29 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.26, 0.33) and for those bonded to canines only was 0.25 (95 % CI: 0.16, 0.33). A meta-regression suggested that failure of fixed stainless steel mandibular retainers was not directly related to the period elapsed since placement (P = 0.938). CONCLUSION Further well-designed prospective studies are needed to elucidate the benefits and potential harms associated with orthodontic retainers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalya Al-Moghrabi
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AD, UK.
| | - Nikolaos Pandis
- Dental School, Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Padhraig S Fleming
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AD, UK
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Mirzakouchaki B, Shirazi S, Sharghi R, Shirazi S. Assessment of Factors Affecting Adolescent Patients' Compliance with Hawley and Vacuum Formed Retainers. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ZC24-7. [PMID: 27504404 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/18539.7897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Success of orthodontic retention with removable retainers almost entirely depends on patients' compliance. AIM This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between adolescent orthodontic patients' compliance and various clinical and social factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS The data were collected from 77 orthodontic patients aged 7-11 years old who had finished the full fixed appliance therapy. Hawley's retainers were used in 34 patients and 43 patients used Vacuum Formed Retainers (VFRs). The subjects completed a questionnaire including several identifiers allowing the respondents to be classified into subgroups. They were also asked to indicate how long they wore their retainers during the day, by writing the number of hours in the report-card for the next three months. Comparison of the results was performed by one-way ANOVA and independent sample-t tests. RESULTS No significant differences were found between males and females. Type of the retainer, patients' grade of study, mothers' occupation, clinicians' and parents' attitudes and filling the report cards had significant effect on mean wear hours per day. When compliance of the patients was assessed according to treatment location, Living place, parents' educational degrees and ethnicity, no significant differences could be found. CONCLUSION The adolescent patients' compliance was greater with VFRs than with Hawley's retainers. Parental attitude and doctor-patient relationship had a great impact on adolescent patients' compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Mirzakouchaki
- Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sajjad Shirazi
- Lecturer and Academic Member, Dental and Periodontal Research Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Sharghi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Dental Caries Prevention Research Centre, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences , Qazvin, Iran
| | - Samaneh Shirazi
- Undergraduate Student, Student Research Committe, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran
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Schott TC, Meyer-Gutknecht H, Mayer N, Weber J, Weimer K. A comparison between indirect and objective wear-time assessment of removable orthodontic appliances. Eur J Orthod 2016; 39:170-175. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjw026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Lin F, Sun H, Ni Z, Zheng M, Yao L. A feasible method to improve adherence of Hawley retainer in adolescent orthodontic patients: a randomized controlled trial. Patient Prefer Adherence 2015; 9:1525-30. [PMID: 26604705 PMCID: PMC4630201 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s94111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retention is an important component of orthodontic treatment; however, poor compliance with retainer use is often encountered, especially in adolescents. The purpose of this study was to prove the hypothesis that verbal instructions combined with images showing the severe consequences of poor compliance can increase retainer use. METHODS This study was a randomized controlled trial. The sample was recruited from Wenzhou, People's Republic of China, between February 2013 and May 2014, and 326 participants were randomized into three groups. Patients and parents in Group A (n=106) were given routine retainer wear instructions only; in Group B (n=111), images illustrating the severe consequences of poor compliance with Hawley retainer use were shown to patients, combined with routine instructions; and in Group C (n=109), images illustrating the severe consequences of poor compliance with Hawley retainer use were shown to patients and parents, combined with routine instructions. Three months after debonding, questionnaires were used to investigate daily wear time and the reasons for poor compliance. Differences in means between the groups were tested by one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS The mean daily wear time in Group C (15.09±4.13 hours) was significantly greater than in Group A (12.37±4.58 hours, P<0.01) or Group B (13.50±4.22 hours, P<0.05); the mean daily wear time in Group B was greater than in Group A, but was not significant (P=0.67). Reasons for nonusage were forgetting to wear the retainer (51%) and finding the retainer bothersome to frequently insert and remove (42%). CONCLUSION Verbal instructions combined with images showing the severe consequences of poor compliance can increase retainer use. Parents play an important role in compliance with retainer use in adolescent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiou Lin
- Orthodontic Department, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Sun
- Orthodontic Department, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Ni
- Orthodontic Department, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minling Zheng
- Orthodontic Department, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linjie Yao
- Pedodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Linjie Yao, Pedodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, No 113 West Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 577 8806 3008, Fax +86 577 8806 3008, Email
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Schott TC, Ludwig B. Microelectronic wear-time documentation of removable orthodontic devices detects heterogeneous wear behavior and individualizes treatment planning. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2014; 146:155-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2014.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Schäfer K, Ludwig B, Meyer-Gutknecht H, Schott TC. Quantifying patient adherence during active orthodontic treatment with removable appliances using microelectronic wear-time documentation. Eur J Orthod 2014; 37:73-80. [PMID: 24993614 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cju012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to quantify the wear times of removable appliances during active orthodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS The wear times of 141 orthodontic patients treated with active removable appliances in different locations were documented over a period of 3 months using an incorporated microsensor. Gender, age, treatment location, health insurance status, and type of device were evaluated with respect to wear time. Significant associations between wear times and patient factors were calculated using non-parametric tests. RESULTS The median daily wear time was 9.7 hours/day for the entire cohort, far less than the 15 hours/day prescribed. Younger patients wore their appliances for longer than older patients (7-9 years 12.1 hours/day, 10-12 years 9.8 hours/day, and 13-15 years 8.5 hours/day; P < 0.0001). The median wear time for females (10.6 hours/day) was 1.4 hours/day longer than males (9.3 hours/day; P = 0.017). Patients treated at different locations wore their devices with a difference of up to 5.0 hours/day. Privately insured patients had significantly longer median wear times than statutorily insured patients. No significant difference in wear time was noted according to device type. CONCLUSIONS The daily wear time of removable appliances during the active phase of orthodontic therapy can be routinely quantified using integrated microelectronic sensors. The relationship between orthodontist and patient seems to play a key role in patient adherence. Wear-time documentation provides the basis for more individualized wear-time recommendations for patients with removable appliances. This could result in a more efficient, shorter, and less painful orthodontic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schäfer
- *Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital of Dentistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen
| | - Björn Ludwig
- **Department of Orthodontics, University of Homburg/Saar, and Private Practice, Traben-Trarbach
| | | | - Timm Cornelius Schott
- *Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital of Dentistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen,
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Schott TC, Ludwig B. Quantification of wear-time adherence of removable appliances in young orthodontic patients in relation to their BMI: a preliminary study. Patient Prefer Adherence 2014; 8:1587-95. [PMID: 25484576 PMCID: PMC4240191 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s69586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The relationship between unhealthy body mass index (BMI) and adherence to orthodontic treatment with removable appliances has not previously been evaluated. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to quantify the association between BMI and wear time of removable orthodontic appliances and to evaluate BMI changes during orthodontic treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty-three normal-weight and 39 overweight/obese children and adolescents (7-15 years old) undergoing orthodontic treatment with removable appliances were enrolled into the study. BMI categories were determined using standardized age-specific and sex-specific BMI criteria, using data measured at the beginning of therapy and once during orthodontic treatment. Wear times of removable appliances were measured at 15-minute intervals over a period of 5 months using implanted microelectronic sensors. Median wear-time values were used in the analysis with the Mann-Whitney U-test used to test statistical differences between groups. RESULTS The median wear time of removable orthodontic appliances was 9.3 hours for normal-weight patients and 9.2 hours for overweight/obese patients. No statistically significant (P>0.05) or clinically relevant differences in usage or adherence were detected between normal-weight and overweight/obese patients. BMI did not influence wear time or behavior of removable orthodontic appliances by young patients. The majority of patients showed qualitative decreases in BMI during therapy. CONCLUSION The orthodontic treatment of young patients with removable devices does not require BMI-dependent changes in the treatment strategy. However, the use of removable appliances during meal times raises the possibility of reducing food intake, and in this way the orthodontist may have an active role to play in weight reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timm Cornelius Schott
- Department of Orthodontics, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Correspondence: Timm Cornelius Schott, Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital of Dentistry, Oral Medicine, and Maxillofacial Surgery, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Osianderstr 2-8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany, Tel +49 7071 29 821 62, Fax +49 7071 657 82, Email
| | - Björn Ludwig
- Private practice, Traben-Trarbach, Germany
- Department of Orthodontics University of Homburg/Saar, Germany
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