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Martin C, Papageorgiou SN, Gonzalez-Martin O, Sanz M. Orthodontic management of uneven gingival margins in patients with healthy or reduced periodontium to improve smile aesthetics. Periodontol 2000 2024. [PMID: 39415330 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/18/2024]
Abstract
AbstractUneven gingival margins may cause visible asymmetries during smiling and may reflect alterations in the tooth shape and morphology, particularly in cases requiring restorative procedures. Despite being perceived as a minor health condition, presence of uneven gingival margins usually impacts the smile aesthetics and could affect the individual's appearance, self‐esteem, and overall quality of life, especially in subjects with a high smile line. Uneven gingival margins may result from different causes, which makes an accurate diagnosis fundamental for its treatment planning. Orthodontic treatment often serves as a conservative approach for leveling these margins, by achieving the most appropriate tooth position. This article reviews the rationale, differential diagnosis, and clinical management of uneven gingival margins using orthodontic tooth movements, providing insights for orthodontists, periodontists, and restorative dentists on the interdisciplinary care needed to correct this condition, and hence, to improve the subject's smile aesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conchita Martin
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- BIOCRAN (Craniofacial Biology: Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics) Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Spyridon N Papageorgiou
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oscar Gonzalez-Martin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, USA
- Section of Periodontics, Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Sanz
- Section of Periodontics, Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Peng C, Huang J, Li M, Liu G, Liu L, Lin J, Sun W, Liu H, Huang Y, Chen X. Uncovering periodontitis-associated markers through the aggregation of transcriptomics information from diverse sources. Front Genet 2024; 15:1398582. [PMID: 38919957 PMCID: PMC11196414 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1398582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Periodontitis, a common chronic inflammatory disease, significantly impacted oral health. To provide novel biological indicators for the diagnosis and treatment of periodontitis, we analyzed public microarray datasets to identify biomarkers associated with periodontitis. Method The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets GSE16134 and GSE106090 were downloaded. We performed differential analysis and robust rank aggregation (RRA) to obtain a list of differential genes. To obtain the core modules and core genes related to periodontitis, we evaluated differential genes through enrichment analysis, correlation analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network analysis. Potential biomarkers for periodontitis were identified through comparative analysis of dual networks (PPI network and ceRNA network). PPI network analysis was performed in STRING. The ceRNA network consisted of RRA differentially expressed messenger RNAs (RRA_DEmRNAs) and RRA differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (RRA_DElncRNAs), which regulated each other's expression by sharing microRNA (miRNA) target sites. Results RRA_DEmRNAs were significantly enriched in inflammation-related biological processes, osteoblast differentiation, inflammatory response pathways and immunomodulatory pathways. Comparing the core ceRNA module and the core PPI module, C1QA, CENPK, CENPU and BST2 were found to be the common genes of the two core modules, and C1QA was highly correlated with inflammatory functionality. C1QA and BST2 were significantly enriched in immune-regulatory pathways. Meanwhile, LINC01133 played a significant role in regulating the expression of the core genes during the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Conclusion The identified biomarkers C1QA, CENPK, CENPU, BST2 and LINC01133 provided valuable insight into periodontitis pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chujun Peng
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhang Huang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanru Liu
- School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingxian Liu
- School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiechun Lin
- School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijun Sun
- School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghui Huang
- School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Sun J, Tong D, Sun C, Wang X, Zuo Z, Liu Y, Qi L, Kong L, Luan X, Meng J. Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward self-control of dental plaque among patients with periodontal diseases: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:628. [PMID: 37660046 PMCID: PMC10475179 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03352-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of periodontal disease is closely linked to individual oral healthcare behaviors. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward the self-control of dental plaque among patients with periodontal diseases. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at Jinan Stomatological Hospital between July 2022 and September 2022 through a self-administrated questionnaire for patients with periodontal diseases. RESULTS A total of 563 participants were included. Among them, 147 (26.11%) had gingivitis and 416 (73.89%) had periodontitis. Participants' knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 8.71 ± 2.81 (range 0-12), 39.82 ± 3.69 (range 10-50), 33.13 ± 5.91 (range 11-55), respectively. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the knowledge [odds ratio (OR) = 1.212, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.097-1.339, P < 0.001], attitude (OR = 1.132, 95% CI: 1.070-1.198, P < 0.001), occupation, especially in the commercial and service industry (OR = 0.488, 95% CI: 0.221-1.080, P = 0.007), and income of 10,000-20,000 yuan (OR = 0.476, 95% CI: 0.258-0.877, P = 0.017) were independently associated with good practice. CONCLUSIONS Chinese patients with periodontal diseases demonstrated satisfactory knowledge and attitudes regarding oral hygiene, but the practical aspects need more promotion and training, especially in daily brushing frequency, usage of oral irrigator and interdental brush. Individualized approach should consider patients' knowledge, attitudes, occupation and income level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Periodontology, Central Laboratory, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Dongdong Tong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University; Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration; Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Chen Sun
- Department of Periodontology, Central Laboratory, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Periodontology, Central Laboratory, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Zhibin Zuo
- Department of Periodontology, Central Laboratory, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Vocational College of Nursing, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Liangyan Qi
- Department of Periodontology, Central Laboratory, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Lingxue Kong
- Department of Periodontology, Central Laboratory, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Xiao Luan
- Department of Periodontology, Central Laboratory, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Junru Meng
- Hospital Infection Management Office, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, 250000, China.
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Zhang Y, Zhang T, Zhang Z, Su J, Wu X, Chen L, Ge X, Wang X, Jiang N. Periodontal ligament cells derived small extracellular vesicles are involved in orthodontic tooth movement. Eur J Orthod 2022; 44:690-697. [PMID: 35980351 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjac041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Small extracellular vesicles (EVs) from human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) are closely associated with periodontal homeostasis. Far less is known about EVs association with orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). This study aimed to explore the role of small EVs originated from hPDLCs during OTM. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult C57BL/6 mice were used. Springs were bonded to the upper first molars of mice for 7 days to induce OTM in vivo. To block small EVs release, GW4869 was intraperitoneally injected and the efficacy of small EVs inhibition in periodontal ligament was verified by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Tooth movement distance and osteoclastic activity were studied. In vitro, hPDLCs were isolated and administered compressive force in the EV-free culture media. The cell morphologies and CD63 expression of hPDLCs were studied. Small EVs were purified and characterized using a scanning electron microscope, TEM, western blot, and nanoparticle tracking analysis. The expression of proteins in the small EVs was further processed and validated using a human immuno-regulated cytokines array and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The small EV depletion significantly decreased the distance and osteoclastic activity of OTM in the mice. The hPDLCs displayed different morphologies under force compression and CD63 expression level decreased verified by western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Small EVs purified from supernatants of the hPDLCs showed features with <200 nm diameter, the positive EVs marker CD63, and the negative Golgi body marker GM130. The number of small EVs particles increased in hPDLCs suffering force stimuli. According to the proteome array, the level of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) displayed the most significant fold change in small EVs under compressive force and this was further confirmed using an ELISA. LIMITATIONS Further mechanism studies are warranted to validate the hPDLC-originated small EVs function in OTM through proteins delivery. CONCLUSIONS The notable decrease in the OTM distance after small EV blocking and the significant alteration of the sICAM-1 level in the hPDLC-originated small EVs under compression provide a new vista into small EV-related OTM biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Zhang
- First Clinic Division, Peking University Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ziqian Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Junxiang Su
- Department of Endodontics, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Wu
- Department of Endodontics, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Liyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xuejun Ge
- Department of Endodontics, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Xiujing Wang
- First Clinic Division, Peking University Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Nan Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China.,Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
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Jiang K, Jiang LS, Li HX, Lei L. Periodontal-orthodontic interdisciplinary management of a “periodontally hopeless” maxillary central incisor with severe mobility: A case report and review of literature. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:4550-4562. [PMID: 35663057 PMCID: PMC9125257 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i14.4550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treating periodontally hopeless teeth with advanced bone resorption and severe tooth mobility is a great challenge for both orthodontists and periodontists. Biofilm-induced periodontal inflammation and occlusal trauma-related inflammation may synergistically aggravate tooth mobility. This case report illustrates that even periodontally hopeless teeth can be saved and have long-term stability with comprehensive periodontal treatment to control periodontal inflammation and promote periodontal bone regeneration and intricate orthodontic mechanical control to correct cross bite and occlusal trauma.
CASE SUMMARY A 27-year-old female patient whose chief complaint was severe tooth mobility and discomfort of the maxillary incisor was diagnosed with severe aggressive periodontitis by clinical and radiographic examinations. To reduce tooth mobility and establish stable occlusion, we combined orthodontic treatment with periodontal therapy to preserve the tooth. Orthodontic treatment was performed after basic periodontal therapy and periodontal surgery. The loosened upper right central incisor was successfully retained, and the periodontal tissue remained stable during follow-up.
CONCLUSION Teeth with severe mobility and bone loss can be saved through interdisciplinary treatment when periodontal inflammation is strictly controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Jiang
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li-Shan Jiang
- Department of Periodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hou-Xuan Li
- Department of Periodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lang Lei
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
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Wang C, Li Y, Hou Y, Jin L, Chen M. Effects of Emodin on Alveolar Bone Resorption via the IL-23/Th17 Inflammatory Axis in Rats with Periodontitis. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2022. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.31.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Hunan University of Medicine
| | - Yuxian Li
- Teaching and Research Office of Diagnostics, Medical College, Hunan University of Medicine
| | - Yepo Hou
- Department of Stomatology, Hunan University of Medicine
| | - Ling Jin
- Teaching and Research Office of Diagnostics, Medical College, Hunan University of Medicine
| | - Minmin Chen
- Department of Endodontics, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University & Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research
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7
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Motta ATSD. Orthodontic treatment in the presence of aggressive periodontitis. Dental Press J Orthod 2021; 26:e21bbo6. [PMID: 34932773 PMCID: PMC8690590 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.26.6.e21bbo6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Aggressive periodontitis causes periodontal destruction, with loss of supporting alveolar bone. The common symptom is rapid attachment loss in the first molar and incisor area, in young adults. Objective: The aim of this study was to discuss the challenges, implications and the impact of orthodontic treatment in patients affected by severe periodontal problems, specifically aggressive periodontitis. Discussion: In addition to other bacteria, the main pathogen involved in aggressive periodontitis is the Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. However, the susceptibility to the disease differs among individuals, being immune deficiencies the main reason for this variability. Many orthodontists are not comfortable about performing treatments on individuals with aggressive periodontitis. Conclusion: Orthodontic treatment is feasible in young patients with severe and localized aggressive periodontitis, as long as the limitations imposed by the disease are respected. An interdisciplinary approach is required, with frequent periodontal follow-up before, during and after orthodontic treatment, allowing the correction of dental positions without aggravating bone loss.
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8
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Influence of Intermittent Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Administration on the Outcomes of Orthodontic Tooth Movement—A Systematic Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11115268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this review is to summarize the effects of local and systemic PTH administration on periodontal tissues during orthodontic tooth movement. Materials and methods: An electronic search was conducted on the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, SCOPUS and Embase. On PubMed/MEDLINE, the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) keywords used were: “orthodontic tooth movement” OR (“tooth” (All Fields) AND “tooth movement” (All Fields)) OR “tooth movement” (All Fields)) AND (“parathyroid hormone”); all studies included using CONSORT. Results: After elimination of duplicates and articles not meeting our inclusion criteria, seven animal studies were included in this review. Although the majority of the studies suggest that PTH may a have a favorable outcome on OTM, most studies were found to have several sources of bias. Conclusion: Animal studies with minimal bias and long-term clinical studies are needed to ascertain the efficacy of intermittent PTH administration in improving the rate and retention of OTM.
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Martin C, Celis B, Ambrosio N, Bollain J, Antonoglou GN, Figuero E. Effect of orthodontic therapy in periodontitis and non-periodontitis patients: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 49 Suppl 24:72-101. [PMID: 33998045 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To answer these PICO questions: #1: In adult patients with malocclusion, what are the effects of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) on clinical attachment level (CAL) changes in treated periodontitis patients with a healthy but reduced periodontium compared to non-periodontitis patients? #2: In adult patients with treated periodontitis and malocclusion, which is the efficacy of skeletal anchorage devices compared to conventional systems in terms of orthodontic treatment outcomes? MATERIAL AND METHODS Seven databases were searched until June 2020 looking for randomized, non-randomized trials and case series. Mean effects (ME) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS Twenty-six studies with high risk of bias were included. PICO#1: In 26 patients without periodontitis and in 69 treated periodontitis patients, minimal changes in periodontal outcomes were reported after orthodontic therapy (p>0.05). A significant CAL gain (mm) (ME=3.523; 95% CI [2.353; 4.693]; p<0.001) was observed in 214 patients when periodontal outcomes were retrieved before a combined periodontal and orthodontic therapy. PICO#2: Orthodontic variables were scarcely reported and objective assessment of the results on orthodontic therapy were missing. CONCLUSIONS Based on a small number of low-quality studies, in non-periodontitis and in stable treated periodontitis patients, OTM had no significant impact on periodontal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conchita Martin
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,BIOCRAN (Craniofacial Biology: Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics) Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Celis
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nagore Ambrosio
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Bollain
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Georgios N Antonoglou
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Figuero
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent epidemics affecting human health and life recently, and exploration of the pathogenesis and treatment of periodontitis has been valued by scholars. In recent years, sclerostin, a new factor on bone resorption and reconstruction caused by inflammation and mechanical stimulation, has been a research hotspot. This article summarizes the researches on sclerostin in periodontitis development in recent years. Among them, sclerostin has been shown to be a critical negative regulator of bone formation, thereby inhibiting bone remodeling in periodontitis development, and is closely associated with tooth movement. Besides, evidence indicates that the removal of sclerostin seems to reasonably protect the alveolar bone from resorption. Regulation of sclerostin expression is a novel, promising treatment for periodontitis and addresses several complications seen with traditional therapies; accordingly, many drugs with similar mechanisms have emerged. Moreover, the application prospect of sclerostin in periodontal therapy combined with orthodontic treatment is another promising approach. There are also a lot of drugs that regulate sclerostin. Anti-sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab) is the most direct one that inhibits bone resorption caused by sclerostin. At present, drugs that inhibit the expression of sclerostin have been applied to the treatment of diseases such as multiple myeloma and osteoporosis. Therefore, the application of sclerostin in the oral field is just around the corner, which provides a new therapeutic bone regulation strategy in oral and general health.
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11
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Guo R, Zheng Y, Zhang L, Shi J, Li W. Salivary microbiome and periodontal status of patients with periodontitis during the initial stage of orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 159:644-652. [PMID: 33608141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with severe periodontitis typically present with pathologic tooth migration. To improve esthetics and masticatory function, orthodontic treatment is required. Research on periodontal orthodontic treatment has been sparse, particularly from the microbial perspective. Hence, we analyzed the microbial and clinical changes in patients with well-controlled periodontitis in the early stage of orthodontic treatment. METHODS Ten patients with well-controlled periodontitis were asked to collect saliva before and 1 and 3 months after appliance placement (T0, T1, and T2, respectively) and underwent clinical examinations before and 1, 3, and 6 months after appliance placement (T0, T1, T2, and T3, respectively). The microbial community of saliva was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Gingival index, the plaque index, and the probing pocket depth were clinically assessed. RESULTS The plaque index significantly increased from T0 to T1 and decreased at T2 and T3. The probing pocket depth and gingival index increased slightly at T2, but not significantly, in both the high-risk site and low-risk site. The alpha and beta diversity increased at T1. The microbial community structure was similar at T0 and T2. The relative abundance of core genera and periodontal pathogens was stable during the initial 3 months of orthodontic treatment. CONCLUSIONS The orthodontic appliance promoted plaque accumulation and altered the microbial community of patients with well-controlled periodontitis during the first month of orthodontic treatment. The microbial community returned to the basal composition at 3 months after appliance placement, and the periodontal inflammation during the 6-months orthodontic treatment was under control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhi Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfei Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Department of Dental Medical Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
| | - Weiran Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
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Ishii T, Goto H, Watanabe A, Yamamoto S, Onodera H, Yoshida S, Nishii Y. A Case of Mandibular Prognathism with Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis and Crowding. THE BULLETIN OF TOKYO DENTAL COLLEGE 2021; 62:27-39. [PMID: 33583878 DOI: 10.2209/tdcpublication.2020-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aggressive periodontitis during adolescence has a poor prognosis due to rapid alveolar bone resorption. Few studies have investigated long-term follow-up after surgical orthodontic treatment performed in conjunction with that for invasive periodontitis. Here, we report a case of mandibular prognathism accompanied by generalized aggressive periodontitis and crowding. A 31-year-old woman was referred to our department for treatment of masticatory dysfunction due to reverse overjet. The patient exhibited a class III molar relationship, protrusion of the ANB of -6.0°, and severe maxillary crowding. Initial periodontal examination revealed deep periodontal pockets and extensive inflammation. Mandibular prognathism accompanied by generalized aggressive periodontitis and crowding was diagnosed. Therefore, it was necessary to adopt an interdisciplinary approach involving surgical, orthodontic, and periodontal treatment. Prior to commencement of orthodontic treatment, plaque control, scaling, and root planing of all teeth were performed by a periodontist to suppress inflammation and reduce probing depth. During pre-surgical orthodontic treatment, the maxillary first premolars were extracted to reduce crowding of the maxillary incisors. To correct the mandibular prognathism, the mandible was repositioned by sagittal split ramus osteotomy. Proper occlusion of the incisors and maximum intercuspation were achieved by post-surgical orthodontic treatment. After completion of active orthodontic treatment, acceleration of inflammation was observed together with aggravated resorption of the alveolar bone surrounding the molars. However, reduction of probing depth and inflammation were observed after scaling and root planing. The surgical-orthodontic treatment time was 1 year and 11 months, which was followed by a 2-year retention period. There was no tooth loss due to periodontitis, and an overall satisfactory outcome was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Akira Watanabe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College
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13
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Jiang C, Fan C, Yu X, Xu T, Cai J, Fan X, Zhang J. Comparison of the efficacy of different periodic periodontal scaling protocols for oral hygiene in adolescents with fixed orthodontic appliances: A prospective cohort study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 159:435-442. [PMID: 33573896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this reseach was to compare the effects of different periodic periodontal scaling protocols on the periodontal health of adolescents with fixed orthodontic appliances by assessing the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in gingival crevicular fluid and periodontal clinical indexes in a prospective cohort study. METHODS Forty-eight adolescents were divided into 3 groups according to the interval of periodontal scaling (group A: once a month; group B: once every 3 months; group C: once every 6 months). The AST and ALP levels in the gingival crevicular fluid were measured before orthodontic treatment (T0) and at 1 (T1), 3 (T2), 6 (T3), and 9 (T4) months during orthodontic treatment. Periodontal clinical indexes (plaque index [PI], gingival index [GI], and probing depth) were also assessed. RESULTS At T2, significantly lower AST and ALP levels were observed in group A than in groups B and C (P <0.05). At T3 and T4, lower AST and ALP levels were detected in groups A and B than in group C (P <0.05), and there was no significant difference between the A and B groups at T4 (P >0.05). At T2, the PI and GI were increased in groups B and C compared with group A, and at T3 and T4, significantly lower PI and GI values were observed in groups A and B than in group C (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Periodontal scaling promotes the oral hygiene of adolescents undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment, and periodontal scaling protocols administered monthly and once every 3 months are better for controlling periodontal health than treatments administered once every 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmiao Jiang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, and School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cunhui Fan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, and School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xinbo Yu
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, and School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, and School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jia Cai
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyu Fan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, and School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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14
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Johnson TM, Bice RW, Gilbert WA. Orthodontic Treatment of Periodontally Compromised Teeth After Laser Periodontal Therapy: A Case Report. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2021; 39:528-534. [PMID: 33493411 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2020.4910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To assess stability of laser periodontal therapy (LPT) results after orthodontic tooth movement. Background: Periodontitis and malocclusion each exhibit high global prevalence. Thus, dentists inevitably face increasing demand for orthodontic treatment in patients with reduced periodontal support. Many of these patients benefit from orthodontic treatment, provided that periodontal inflammation is controlled. Materials and methods: We present a case demonstrating successful orthodontic treatment of periodontally compromised teeth after LPT. A patient with severe attachment and alveolar bone loss received orthodontic treatment 13 months after neodymium-doped: yttrium aluminum garnet LPT (1064 nm). We utilized three laser parameter sets for various purposes during the procedure-ablation of the periodontal pocket epithelium (2.8 W, 20 Hz, 100 μs), clot stabilization (2.8 W, 20 Hz, 550 μs), and photobiomodulation (2.8 W, 20 Hz, 100 μs, noncontact). Results: Treatment resulted in improved radiographic bone levels, clinical parameters consistent with periodontal health, and favorable occlusal relationships. Conclusions: In the presented case, we successfully treated a patient presenting with malocclusion and reduced periodontal support while avoiding the risk and morbidity of conventional periodontal surgery. Controlled clinical research to establish the predictability of the described approach appears warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Johnson
- Department of Periodontics, Army Postgraduate Dental School, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Fort Gordon, Georgia, USA
| | - Ronald W Bice
- Department of Orthodontics, United States Army Dental Health Activity, Fort Gordon, Georgia, USA
| | - William A Gilbert
- Deputy Consultant to the Surgeon General for Periodontics, United States Army Dental Health Activity, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington, USA
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15
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Calniceanu H, Stratul SI, Rusu D, Jianu A, Boariu M, Nica L, Ogodescu A, Sima L, Bolintineanu S, Anghel A, Milicescu S, Didilescu A, Roman A, Surlin P, Solomon S, Tudor M, Rauten AM. Changes in clinical and microbiological parameters of the periodontium during initial stages of orthodontic movement in patients with treated severe periodontitis: A longitudinal site-level analysis. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:199. [PMID: 33123229 PMCID: PMC7588781 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Applying orthodontic braces makes oral hygiene difficult and increases plaque accumulation, frequently resulting in gingival inflammation. In patients with previous severe periodontitis, this inflammation overlaps with the pre-existing inflammatory challenge and can lead to further progression of periodontal attachment loss. The aim of this study was to assess longitudinal site-level changes as mirrored by clinical and microbiological parameters during the initial remodeling of alveolar bone and the periodontal ligament, produced as an effect of light orthodontic forces in adult patients with severe periodontal disease that underwent standard (non-surgical and conventional surgical) periodontal therapy. Thirteen patients with previously treated severe generalized periodontitis were given fixed orthodontic appliances for re-alignment of teeth misaligned or displaced during the course of periodontitis. Before insertion of orthodontic appliances and at 2, 4, and 6 months of treatment, periodontal clinical parameters were recorded in the same deepest residual pocket of at least 3 mm in each patient. The same pocket was sampled at baseline and after 6 months of orthodontic treatment for the frequency of positive detection of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Tanerella forsythia (Tf), Treponema denticola (Td). An average reduction in Pocket Depth by 0.2 mm at the end of the assessment period was identified. The only clinical parameter with statistically significant improvement was bleeding on probing. The frequency of detection of Aa, Pg, Pi, and Tf was not significantly different between baseline and 6 months of treatment, while a marginally significant increase of Td was found. There were no significant differences in the clinical parameters or microflora in the initial phase of orthodontic treatment in patients with reduced periodontal support. By correlating clinical and microbiological data, we concluded that the presence of periopathogens do not negatively influence periodontal health during orthodontic treatment in adult patients treated for severe periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horia Calniceanu
- Department of Periodontology, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Stefan-Ioan Stratul
- Department of Periodontology, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Darian Rusu
- Department of Periodontology, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandru Jianu
- Department of Periodontology, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Marius Boariu
- Department of Endodontics, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Luminita Nica
- Department of Endodontics, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandru Ogodescu
- Department of Paedodontics, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Laurentiu Sima
- Department of Surgery-1, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sorin Bolintineanu
- Department of Anatomy, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andrei Anghel
- Department of Biochemistry, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Stefan Milicescu
- Department of Prosthodontics, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Didilescu
- Department of Embryology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Roman
- Department of Periodontology, ‘Iuliu Hatieganu’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Petra Surlin
- Department of Periodontology, University of Craiova, 200585 Craiova, Romania
| | - Sorina Solomon
- Department of Periodontology, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Anne Marie Rauten
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Craiova, 200585 Craiova, Romania
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16
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Squires T, Michelogiannakis D, Rossouw PE, Javed F. An evidence-based review of the scope and potential ethical concerns of teleorthodontics. J Dent Educ 2020; 85:92-100. [PMID: 32860244 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim was to evaluate the scope and potential ethical concerns related to the use of teledentistry in clinical orthodontics. METHODS Indexed databases were searched up to and including October 2020. The eligibility criteria were as follows: (a) original clinical studies, and (b) case reports/series. Historic reviews, commentaries, experimental studies, and letters to the editor, were excluded. The pattern of the present review was customized to summarize the relevant information. RESULTS A total of 4 clinical studies (out of 1016) were included in the present evidence-based review. Three studies reported that teledentistry is useful in clinical orthodontics. In 1 study, a clear conclusion could not be derived regarding the benefits of teledentistry in clinical orthodontics. Two out of 4 studies did not obtain prior approval from an Institutional Review Board or Ethical Committee. Three studies did not report any measures that were undertaken to safeguard the electronic transfer of patient-related health information. CONCLUSIONS Teleorthodontics facilitates treatment planning/monitoring by sharing orthodontics-based patient records among oral healthcare providers; however, the importance of direct patient supervision and routine follow-ups during orthodontic therapy cannot be overlooked. Further studies are needed to establish ethical guidelines and a standard of care in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Squires
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Dimitrios Michelogiannakis
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - P Emile Rossouw
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Fawad Javed
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
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17
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Xu T, Wu X, Zhou Z, Ye Y, Yan C, Zhuge N, Yu J. Hyperoside ameliorates periodontitis in rats by promoting osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs via activation of the NF-κB pathway. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:1843-1855. [PMID: 32687664 PMCID: PMC7459408 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperoside, as an active compound, widely exists in a large number of Chinese herbal medicines and has been reported to possess anti‐inflammatory and diuretic properties. However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of hyperoside on periodontitis have not been previously reported. In this study, we found that hyperoside ameliorates symptoms of periodontitis in a rat model, with improvements in alveolar bone resorption, relief of inflammatory infiltration, increase in orderly arrangement of collagen fibers and increase of osteogenic differentiation. In addition, hyperoside promoted proliferation, up‐regulated EdU‐positive cells, decreased cell‐cycle distribution and increased the protein expression of Ki67 and PCNA in rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs), as revealed by Cell Counting Kit‐8, EdU, flow cytometry and western blot analysis. Moreover, hyperoside significantly promoted osteogenic differentiation, as shown by quantitative RT‐PCR, western blot and alizarin red staining assays. Furthermore, hyperoside activated the nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signaling pathway in rBMSCs, similar to the results observed in vivo. Finally, BMS345541, an inhibitor of the NF‐κB signaling pathway, could reverse the effects of hyperoside on the biological functions in rBMSCs. In conclusion, our results suggest that hyperoside has potential therapeutic properties against periodontitis via promotion of proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs via activation of the NF‐κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Stomatology, Central Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province, Stomatological Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province, Stomatological Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Ye
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province, Stomatological Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaoting Yan
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province, Stomatological Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Jinhua Yu
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Yu L, Zhou C, Wei Z, Shi Z. Effect of combined periodontal-orthodontic treatment on NOD-like receptor protein 3 and high mobility group box-1 expressions in patients with periodontitis and its clinical significance. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17724. [PMID: 31689812 PMCID: PMC6946199 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of combined periodontal-orthodontic treatment on the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) in chronic periodontitis.A total of 60 patients with periodontitis who received combined periodontal-orthodontic treatment and 32 healthy individuals as normal controls were recruited in this study. Periodontal parameters were recorded. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to examine GCF levels of HMGB1 and NLRP3.The periodontal parameters and GCF levels of HMGB1 and NLRP3 in periodontitis patients were significantly higher before treatment, and observably decreased after 6 months of treatment as compared with the healthy group. However, significant positive correlations were observed between HMGB1, NLRP3, and periodontal parameters in chronic periodontitis patients.Patients with chronic periodontitis showed higher levels of HMGB1 and NLRP3 in GCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Hospital of Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing
| | - Chen Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, The Fourth People's Hospital of Wuxi City, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zicheng Wei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, The Fourth People's Hospital of Wuxi City, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhanai Shi
- Department of Stomatology, Hospital of Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing
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19
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Pini Prato GP, Chambrone L. Orthodontic treatment in periodontal patients: The use of periodontal gold standards to overcome the “grey zone”. J Periodontol 2019; 91:437-441. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leandro Chambrone
- School of DentistryIbirapuera University (Unib) São Paulo Brazil
- Unit of Basic Oral Investigation (UIBO)School of DentistryUniversidad El Bosque Bogota Colombia
- Department of PeriodonticsCollege of Dentistry and Dental ClinicsThe University of Iowa Iowa City IA USA
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