1
|
AlZaabi A, Piccolo S, Graves S, Hansen M. Differential Serum Peptidomics Reveal Multi-Marker Models That Predict Breast Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2365. [PMID: 39001426 PMCID: PMC11240466 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we assess how the differential expression of low molecular weight serum peptides might predict breast cancer progression with high confidence. We apply an LC/MS-MS-based, unbiased 'omics' analysis of serum samples from breast cancer patients to identify molecules that are differentially expressed in stage I and III breast cancer. Results were generated using standard and machine learning-based analytical workflows. With standard workflow, a discovery study yielded 65 circulating biomarker candidates with statistically significant differential expression. A second study confirmed the differential expression of a subset of these markers. Models based on combinations of multiple biomarkers were generated using an exploratory algorithm designed to generate greater diagnostic power and accuracy than any individual markers. Individual biomarkers and the more complex multi-marker models were then tested in a blinded validation study. The multi-marker models retained their predictive power in the validation study, the best of which attained an AUC of 0.84, with a sensitivity of 43% and a specificity of 88%. One of the markers with m/z 761.38, which was downregulated, was identified as a fibrinogen alpha chain. Machine learning-based analysis yielded a classifier that correctly categorizes every subject in the study and demonstrates parameter constraints required for high confidence in classifier output. These results suggest that serum peptide biomarker models could be optimized to assess breast cancer stage in a clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adhari AlZaabi
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy, Sultan Qaboos University, 35, Muscat 123, Oman
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Stephen Piccolo
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Steven Graves
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (Emeritus), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84606, USA
| | - Marc Hansen
- Magellan Bioanalytics, Inc., Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Esene JE, Burningham AJ, Tahir A, Nordin GP, Woolley AT. 3D printed microfluidic devices for integrated solid-phase extraction and microchip electrophoresis of preterm birth biomarkers. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1296:342338. [PMID: 38401930 PMCID: PMC10895869 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm birth (PTB) is a leading cause of neonatal mortality, such that the need for a rapid and accurate assessment for PTB risk is critical. Here, we developed a 3D printed microfluidic system that integrated solid-phase extraction (SPE) and microchip electrophoresis (μCE) of PTB biomarkers, enabling the combination of biomarker enrichment and labeling with μCE separation and fluorescence detection. RESULTS Reversed-phase SPE monoliths were photopolymerized in 3D printed devices. Microvalves in the device directed sample between the SPE monolith and the injection cross-channel in the serpentine μCE channel. Successful on-chip preconcentration, labeling and μCE separation of four PTB-related polypeptides were demonstrated in these integrated microfluidic devices. We further show the ability of these devices to handle complex sample matrices through the successful analysis of labeled PTB biomarkers spiked into maternal blood serum. The detection limit was 7 nM for the PTB biomarker, corticotropin releasing factor, in 3D printed SPE-μCE integrated devices. SIGNIFICANCE This work represents the first successful demonstration of integration of SPE and μCE separation of disease-linked biomarkers in 3D printed microfluidic devices. These studies open up promising possibilities for rapid bioanalysis of medically relevant analytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joule E Esene
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Addalyn J Burningham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Anum Tahir
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Gregory P Nordin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Adam T Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gondane P, Kumbhakarn S, Maity P, Kapat K. Recent Advances and Challenges in the Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Preterm Labor. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:161. [PMID: 38391647 PMCID: PMC10886370 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) is the primary cause of neonatal mortality and long-term disabilities. The unknown mechanism behind PTB makes diagnosis difficult, yet early detection is necessary for controlling and averting related consequences. The primary focus of this work is to provide an overview of the known risk factors associated with preterm labor and the conventional and advanced procedures for early detection of PTB, including multi-omics and artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML)- based approaches. It also discusses the principles of detecting various proteomic biomarkers based on lateral flow immunoassay and microfluidic chips, along with the commercially available point-of-care testing (POCT) devices and associated challenges. After briefing the therapeutic and preventive measures of PTB, this review summarizes with an outlook.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashil Gondane
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Kolkata, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kankurgachi, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Sakshi Kumbhakarn
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Kolkata, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kankurgachi, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Pritiprasanna Maity
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Kausik Kapat
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Kolkata, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kankurgachi, Kolkata 700054, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Esene JE, Nasman PR, Miner DS, Nordin GP, Woolley AT. High-performance microchip electrophoresis separations of preterm birth biomarkers using 3D printed microfluidic devices. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1706:464242. [PMID: 37595419 PMCID: PMC10473225 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
We employed digital light processing-stereolithography 3D printing to create microfluidic devices with different designs for microchip electrophoresis (µCE). Short or long straight channel, and two- or four-turn serpentine channel microfluidic devices with separation channel lengths of 1.3, 3.1, 3.0, and 4.7 cm, respectively, all with a cross injector design, were fabricated. We measured current as a function of time and voltage to determine a separation time window and conditions for the onset of Joule heating in these designs. Separations in these devices were evaluated by performing µCE and measuring theoretical plate counts for electric field strengths near and above the onset of Joule heating, with fluorescently labeled glycine and phenylalanine as model analytes. We further demonstrated µCE of peptides and proteins related to preterm birth risk, showing increased peak capacity and resolution compared to previous results with 3D printed microdevices. These results mark an important step forward in the use of 3D printed microfluidic devices for rapid bioanalysis by µCE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joule E Esene
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Parker R Nasman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Dallin S Miner
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Gregory P Nordin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Adam T Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lee JE, Dan K, Kim HJ, Kim YM, Park KH. Plasma proteomic analysis to identify potential biomarkers of histologic chorioamnionitis in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270884. [PMID: 35797368 PMCID: PMC9262229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction
To identify potential biomarkers in the plasma that could predict histologic chorioamnionitis (HCA) in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), using shotgun and targeted proteomic analyses.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study included 78 singleton pregnant women with PPROM (24–34 gestational weeks) who delivered within 96 h of blood sampling. Maternal plasma samples were analyzed by label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for proteome profiling in a nested case-control study design (HCA cases vs. non-HCA controls [n = 9 each]). Differential expression of 12 candidate proteins was assessed by multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (MRM-MS) analysis in individual plasma samples from cases and controls matched by gestational age at sampling (n = 40, cohort 1). A validation study was further performed in an independent study group (n = 38, cohort 2) using ELISA and turbidimetric immunoassay for three differentially expressed proteins.
Results
Shotgun proteomics analyses yielded 18 proteins that were differentially expressed (P < 0.05) between HCA cases and non-HCA controls. MRM-MS analysis of 12 differentially expressed proteins further revealed that the CRP, C4A, and SAA4 levels were significantly increased in women with HCA. A multi-marker panel comprising plasma SAA4 and C4A showed enhanced potential for differentiating HCA from non-HCA women (area under the curve = 0.899). Additional validation of these findings by ELISA assays revealed that the CRP levels were significantly higher in women with HCA than in those without HCA, whereas the plasma levels of C4A and SAA4 did not significantly differ between the two groups.
Conclusions
Plasma C4A, SAA4, and CRP were identified as potential biomarkers for detecting HCA in women with PPROM, based on targeted and shotgun proteomic analyses, showing good accuracy when used as a combined dual-biomarker panel (C4A and SAA4). Nevertheless, ELISA validation of these proteins, except for CRP, may not yield clinically useful markers for predicting HCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kisoon Dan
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Ji Kim
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yu Mi Kim
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kyo Hoon Park
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Weiner CP, Cuckle H, Weiss ML, Buhimschi IA, Dong Y, Zhou H, Ramsey R, Egerman R, Buhimschi CS. Evaluation of a Maternal Plasma RNA Panel Predicting Spontaneous Preterm Birth and Its Expansion to the Prediction of Preeclampsia. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:1327. [PMID: 35741140 PMCID: PMC9221694 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12061327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth is the principal contributor to neonatal death and morbidity worldwide. We previously described a plasma cell-free RNA panel that between 16 and 20 weeks of pregnancy had potential to predict spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) ≤ 32 weeks caused by preterm labor (PTL) or preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). The present study had three objectives: (1) estimate the RNA panel prognostic accuracy for PTL/PPROM ≤ 32 weeks in a larger series; (2) improve accuracy by adding clinical characteristics to the predictive model; and (3) examine the association of the RNA panel with preeclampsia. We studied 289 women from Memphis TN prospectively sampled 16.0-20.7 weeks and found: (1) PSME2 and Hsa-Let 7g were differentially expressed in cases of PTL/PPROM ≤ 32 weeks and together provided fair predictive accuracy with AUC of 0.76; (2) combining the two RNAs with clinical characteristics improved good predictive accuracy for PTL/PPROM ≤ 32 weeks (AUC 0.83); (3) NAMPT and APOA1 were differentially expressed in women with 'early-onset preeclampsia' (EOP) and together provided good predictive accuracy with AUC of 0.89; and (4) combining the two RNAs with clinical characteristics provided excellent predictive accuracy (AUC 0.96). Our findings suggest an underlying common pathophysiological relationship between PTL/PPROM ≤ 32 weeks and EOP and open inroads for the prognostication of high-risk pregnancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl Philip Weiner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (Y.D.); (H.Z.)
- Rosetta Signaling Laboratory, Phoenix, AZ 85018, USA
| | - Howard Cuckle
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 6934206, Israel;
| | - Mark Louis Weiss
- Departments of Anatomy and Physiology & Midwest Institute of Comparative Stem Cell Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
| | - Irina Alexandra Buhimschi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (I.A.B.); (C.S.B.)
| | - Yafeng Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (Y.D.); (H.Z.)
- Rosetta Signaling Laboratory, Phoenix, AZ 85018, USA
| | - Helen Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (Y.D.); (H.Z.)
| | - Risa Ramsey
- Office of Clinical Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
| | - Robert Egerman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Catalin Sorin Buhimschi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (I.A.B.); (C.S.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Esene JE, Boaks M, Bickham AV, Nordin GP, Woolley AT. 3D printed microfluidic device for automated, pressure-driven, valve-injected microchip electrophoresis of preterm birth biomarkers. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:204. [PMID: 35484354 PMCID: PMC10079432 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05303-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A 3D printed, automated, pressure-driven injection microfluidic system for microchip electrophoresis (µCE) of preterm birth (PTB)-related peptides and proteins has been developed. Functional microvalves were formed, either with a membrane thickness of 5 µm and a layer exposure time of 450 ms or with a membrane thickness of 10 µm and layer exposure times of 300-350 ms. These valves allowed for control of fluid flow in device microchannels during sample injection for µCE separation. Device design and µCE conditions using fluorescently labeled amino acids were optimized. A sample injection time of 0.5 s and a separation voltage of 450 V (460 V/cm) yielded the best separation efficiency and resolution. We demonstrated the first µCE separation with pressure-driven injection in a 3D printed microfluidic device using fluorescently labeled PTB biomarkers and 532 nm laser excitation. Detection limits for two PTB biomarkers, peptide 1 and peptide 2, for an injection time of 1.5 s were 400 pM and 15 nM, respectively, and the linear detection range for peptide 2 was 50-400 nM. This 3D printed microfluidic system holds promise for future integration of on-chip sample preparation processes with µCE, offering promising possibilities for PTB risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joule E Esene
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Mawla Boaks
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Anna V Bickham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Gregory P Nordin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Adam T Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hornaday KK, Wood EM, Slater DM. Is there a maternal blood biomarker that can predict spontaneous preterm birth prior to labour onset? A systematic review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265853. [PMID: 35377904 PMCID: PMC8979439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The ability to predict spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) prior to labour onset is a challenge, and it is currently unclear which biomarker(s), may be potentially predictive of sPTB, and whether their predictive power has any utility. A systematic review was conducted to identify maternal blood biomarkers of sPTB. METHODS This study was conducted according to PRISMA protocol for systematic reviews. Four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus) were searched up to September 2021 using search terms: "preterm labor", "biomarker" and "blood OR serum OR plasma". Studies assessing blood biomarkers prior to labour onset against the outcome sPTB were eligible for inclusion. Risk of bias was assessed based on the Newcastle Ottawa scale. Increased odds of sPTB associated with maternal blood biomarkers, as reported by odds ratios (OR), or predictive scores were synthesized. This review was not prospectively registered. RESULTS Seventy-seven primary research articles met the inclusion criteria, reporting 278 unique markers significantly associated with and/or predictive of sPTB in at least one study. The most frequently investigated biomarkers were those measured during maternal serum screen tests for aneuploidy, or inflammatory cytokines, though no single biomarker was clearly predictive of sPTB based on the synthesized evidence. Immune and signaling pathways were enriched within the set of biomarkers and both at the level of protein and gene expression. CONCLUSION There is currently no known predictive biomarker for sPTB. Inflammatory and immune biomarkers show promise, but positive reporting bias limits the utility of results. The biomarkers identified may be more predictive in multi-marker models instead of as single predictors. Omics-style studies provide promising avenues for the identification of novel (and multiple) biomarkers. This will require larger studies with adequate power, with consideration of gestational age and the heterogeneity of sPTB to identify a set of biomarkers predictive of sPTB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kylie K. Hornaday
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eilidh M. Wood
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Donna M. Slater
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Inter-Alpha-Trypsin Inhibitor Heavy Chain 4 Plays an Important Role in the Development and Reproduction of Nilaparvata lugens. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13030303. [PMID: 35323600 PMCID: PMC8951764 DOI: 10.3390/insects13030303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), is a destructive insect pest of rice. It causes reductions in rice yield and great economic losses. In this study, we used RNAi to explore the function of the inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 (ITIH4) gene in the development and reproduction of the brown planthopper. Our results revealed that ITIH4 influences the survival, ovarian development, egg production, and egg hatching of this insect, indicating that ITIH4 plays important roles in development and reproduction. Considering the importance of ITIH4 in the brown planthopper, it may be a potential target for pest management. Abstract The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, is a difficult-to-control insect pest affecting rice yields in Asia. As a structural component of the inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (ITI), the inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain (ITIH) has been reported to be involved in various inflammatory or malignant disorders, ovarian development, and ovulation. To reveal the function of ITIH4 in N. lugens, the gene encoding N. lugens ITIH4 (NlITIH4) was cloned and characterized. NlITIH4 contains a signal peptide, a vault protein inter-alpha-trypsin domain, and a von Willebrand factor type A domain. qPCR analysis showed that NlITIH4 was expressed at all developmental stages and in all tissues (fat body, ovary, and gut), with the highest expression in the fat body. Double stranded NlITIH4 (dsNlITIH4) injection clearly led to an RNAi-mediated inhibition of the expression of NlITIH4 and resulted in reduced survival, delayed ovarian development, and reduced egg production and egg hatching. These results indicate that NlITIH4 plays an important role in the development and reproduction of N. lugens.
Collapse
|
10
|
Almughamsi HM, Howell KM, Parry SR, Esene JE, Nielsen JB, Nordin GP, Woolley AT. Immunoaffinity monoliths for multiplexed extraction of preterm birth biomarkers from human blood serum in 3D printed microfluidic devices. Analyst 2022; 147:734-743. [PMID: 35103723 PMCID: PMC8849610 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01365c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to develop biomarker-based diagnostics for preterm birth (PTB) risk, we created 3D printed microfluidic devices with multiplexed immunoaffinity monoliths to selectively extract multiple PTB biomarkers. The equilibrium dissociation constant for each monoclonal antibody toward its target PTB biomarker was determined. We confirmed the covalent attachment of three different individual antibodies to affinity monoliths using fluorescence imaging. Three different PTB biomarkers were successfully extracted from human blood serum using their respective single-antibody columns. Selective binding of each antibody toward its target biomarker was observed. Finally, we extracted and eluted three PTB biomarkers from depleted human blood serum in multiplexed immunoaffinity columns in 3D printed microfluidic devices. This is the first demonstration of multiplexed immunoaffinity extraction of PTB biomarkers in 3D printed microfluidic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haifa M. Almughamsi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Karyna M. Howell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Samuel R. Parry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Joule E. Esene
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Jacob B. Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Gregory P. Nordin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Adam T. Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA,corresponding author: ; 1-801-422-1701
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
C G, D P M, J C SA, S L G, A L N, E DM, C G E, S N Z, T A L, S SJ, J F, S D, P S. Neighborhoods, Racism, Stress, and Preterm Birth Among African American Women: A Review. West J Nurs Res 2021; 44:101-110. [PMID: 34455864 DOI: 10.1177/01939459211041165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
African American women are more likely to experience preterm birth (<37 completed weeks gestation) compared with White women. African American women are also more likely to live in neighborhoods characterized as disadvantaged (i.e., exhibiting higher rates of vacant housing, poorer property conditions, and more litter and crime) and to experience racial discrimination compared with White women. These chronic stressors have been related to preterm birth (PTB) among African American women. This review focuses on potential stress-related pathways by which neighborhood disadvantage and racial discrimination increase the risk for PTB among African American women. Specifically, we propose cortisol, systemic inflammation, proteome and lipidome profiles, and telomere shortening as potential mediators linking these social determinants of health with PTB among African American women. Examination of these factors and the signaling pathways they contribute to will increase our knowledge of the effects of social determinants of health on PTB for African American women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giurgescu C
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Misra D P
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Nowak A L
- Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Engeland C G
- Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Zenk S N
- National Institute of Nursing Research and National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lydic T A
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Ford J
- Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Drury S
- Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Stemmer P
- Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dan K, Lee JE, Han D, Kim SM, Hong S, Kim HJ, Park KH. Proteomic identification of biomarkers in maternal plasma that predict the outcome of rescue cerclage for cervical insufficiency. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250031. [PMID: 33857242 PMCID: PMC8049309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We sought to identify plasma protein biomarkers that are predictive of the outcome of rescue cerclage in patients with cervical insufficiency. Methods This retrospective cohort study included 39 singleton pregnant women undergoing rescue cerclage for cervical insufficiency (17–25 weeks) who gave plasma samples. Three sets of pooled plasma samples from controls (cerclage success, n = 10) and cases (cerclage failure, n = 10, defined as spontaneous preterm delivery at <33 weeks) were labeled with 6-plex tandem mass tag (TMT) reagents and analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Differentially expressed proteins between the two groups were selected from the TMT-based quantitative analysis. Multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (MRM-MS) analysis was further used to verify the candidate proteins of interest in patients with cervical insufficiency in the final cohort (n = 39). Results From MRM-MS analysis of the 40 proteins showing statistically significant changes (P < 0.05) from the TMT-based quantitative analysis, plasma IGFBP-2, PSG4, and PGLYRP2 levels were found to be significantly increased, whereas plasma MET and LXN levels were significantly decreased in women with cerclage failure. Of these, IGFBP-2, PSG4, and LXN levels in plasma were independent of cervical dilatation. A multiple-biomarker panel was developed for the prediction of cerclage failure, using a stepwise regression procedure, which included the plasma IGFBP-2, PSG4, and LXN (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.916). The AUC for this multiple-biomarker panel was significantly greater than the AUC for any single biomarker included in the multi-biomarker model. Conclusions Proteomic analysis identified useful and independent plasma biomarkers (IGFBP-2, PSG4, and LXN; verified by MRM) that predict poor pregnancy outcome following rescue cerclage. Their combined analysis in a multi-biomarker panel significantly improved predictability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kisoon Dan
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Biomedical Research Division, Theragnosis Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dohyun Han
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Min Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Subeen Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Ji Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kyo Hoon Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sylvester KG, Hao S, You J, Zheng L, Tian L, Yao X, Mo L, Ladella S, Wong RJ, Shaw GM, Stevenson DK, Cohen HJ, Whitin JC, McElhinney DB, Ling XB. Maternal metabolic profiling to assess fetal gestational age and predict preterm delivery: a two-centre retrospective cohort study in the US. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e040647. [PMID: 33268420 PMCID: PMC7713207 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to develop a single blood test that could determine gestational age and estimate the risk of preterm birth by measuring serum metabolites. We hypothesised that serial metabolic modelling of serum analytes throughout pregnancy could be used to describe fetal gestational age and project preterm birth with a high degree of precision. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective cohort study. SETTING Two medical centres from the USA. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-six patients (20 full-term, 16 preterm) enrolled at Stanford University were used to develop gestational age and preterm birth risk algorithms, 22 patients (9 full-term, 13 preterm) enrolled at the University of Alabama were used to validate the algorithms. OUTCOME MEASURES Maternal blood was collected serially throughout pregnancy. Metabolic datasets were generated using mass spectrometry. RESULTS A model to determine gestational age was developed (R2=0.98) and validated (R2=0.81). 66.7% of the estimates fell within ±1 week of ultrasound results during model validation. Significant disruptions from full-term pregnancy metabolic patterns were observed in preterm pregnancies (R2=-0.68). A separate algorithm to predict preterm birth was developed using a set of 10 metabolic pathways that resulted in an area under the curve of 0.96 and 0.92, a sensitivity of 0.88 and 0.86, and a specificity of 0.96 and 0.92 during development and validation testing, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In this study, metabolic profiling was used to develop and test a model for determining gestational age during full-term pregnancy progression, and to determine risk of preterm birth. With additional patient validation studies, these algorithms may be used to identify at-risk pregnancies prompting alterations in clinical care, and to gain biological insights into the pathophysiology of preterm birth. Metabolic pathway-based pregnancy modelling is a novel modality for investigation and clinical application development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl G Sylvester
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Shiying Hao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Clinical and Translational Research Program, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Jin You
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Le Zheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Clinical and Translational Research Program, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Lu Tian
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Xiaoming Yao
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Lihong Mo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California San Francisco-Fresno, Fresno, California, USA
| | - Subhashini Ladella
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California San Francisco-Fresno, Fresno, California, USA
| | - Ronald J Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Gary M Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - David K Stevenson
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Harvey J Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - John C Whitin
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Doff B McElhinney
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Clinical and Translational Research Program, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Xuefeng B Ling
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Clinical and Translational Research Program, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bickham AV, Pang C, George BQ, Topham DJ, Nielsen JB, Nordin GP, Woolley AT. 3D Printed Microfluidic Devices for Solid-Phase Extraction and On-Chip Fluorescent Labeling of Preterm Birth Risk Biomarkers. Anal Chem 2020; 92:12322-12329. [PMID: 32829631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is a general preconcentration method for sample preparation that can be performed on a variety of specimens. The miniaturization of SPE within a 3D printed microfluidic device further allows for fast and simple extraction of analytes while also enabling integration of SPE with other sample preparation and separation methods. Here, we present the development and application of a reversed-phase lauryl methacrylate-based monolith, formed in 3D printed microfluidic devices, which can selectively retain peptides and proteins. The effectiveness of these SPE monoliths and 3D printed microfluidic devices was tested using a panel of nine preterm birth biomarkers of varying hydrophobicities and ranging in mass from 2 to 470 kDa. The biomarkers were selectively retained, fluorescently labeled, and eluted separately from the excess fluorescent label in 3D printed microfluidic systems. These are the first results demonstrating microfluidic analysis processes on a complete panel of preterm birth biomarkers, an important step toward developing a miniaturized, fully integrated analysis system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Bickham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602 United States
| | - Chao Pang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602 United States
| | - Benjamin Q George
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602 United States
| | - David J Topham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602 United States
| | - Jacob B Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602 United States
| | - Gregory P Nordin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602 United States
| | - Adam T Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602 United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Parry S, Leite R, Esplin MS, Bukowski R, Zhang H, Varner M, Andrews WW, Saade GR, Ilekis J, Reddy UM, Huang H, Sadovsky Y, Blair IA, Biggio J. Cervicovaginal fluid proteomic analysis to identify potential biomarkers for preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 222:493.e1-493.e13. [PMID: 31758918 PMCID: PMC7196033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.11.1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spontaneous preterm birth is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Early identification of at-risk women by reliable screening tests could reduce the spontaneous preterm birth rate, but conventional methods such as obstetrical history and maternal cervical length screening identify only a minority of spontaneous preterm birth cases. Cervicovaginal fluid might prove to be a useful, readily available biological fluid for identifying spontaneous preterm birth biomarkers. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to identify cervicovaginal fluid biomarkers of early spontaneous preterm birth in a high-risk cohort of pregnant women with a history of spontaneous preterm birth using targeted and shotgun proteomic analyses. STUDY DESIGN A nested case control study (cases were spontaneous preterm birth <34 weeks in the current pregnancy; controls were spontaneous labor and delivery at 39-41 weeks) was performed using cervicovaginal fluid samples collected at 3 study visits (100/7 to 186/7 weeks, 190/7 to 236/7 weeks, and 280/7 to 316/7 weeks). All participants had a history of at least 1 prior spontaneous preterm birth. Targeted proteomic analysis was performed using a stable isotope-labeled proteome derived from endocervical and vaginal mucosal cells. This served as a standard to quantitate candidate protein levels in individual cervicovaginal fluid samples from the second and third study visits using liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. The ratio of endogenous peptide area/stable isotope-labeled proteome-derived peptide area was used to measure levels of 42 peptides in 22 proteins. To maximize biomarker discovery in the cervicovaginal fluid samples, shotgun proteomic analysis also was performed utilizing liquid chromatography and ion trap mass spectrometry. A validation study was performed in second-trimester cervicovaginal fluid samples from an independent study group (12 spontaneous preterm birth cases, 19 term delivery controls) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for 5 proteins expressed at higher levels in spontaneous preterm birth cases compared with controls in targeted or shotgun proteomic analyses. RESULTS For targeted proteomics, cervicovaginal fluid samples from 33 cases and 32 controls at 190/7 to 236/7 weeks and 16 cases and 14 controls at 280/7 to 316/7 weeks from the same pregnancies were analyzed. When samples were compared between cases and controls, the relative abundance of 5 proteins was greater (P = .02-.05) in cases at both visits, while the relative abundance of 1 protein was lower (P = .03) in cases at both visits. For shotgun proteomics analyses, cervicovaginal fluid samples were pooled for 9 spontaneous preterm birth cases and 9 term delivery controls at each study visit. Shotgun proteomics yielded 28 proteins that were detected at levels >2 times higher and 1 protein that was detected at a level <0.5 times lower in spontaneous preterm birth cases compared with controls at all 3 study visits. Validation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for 5 proteins that were detected at higher levels in cervicovaginal fluid samples from spontaneous preterm birth cases compared with term delivery controls in proteomics analyses did not demonstrate statistically significant differences between spontaneous preterm birth cases and controls. CONCLUSIONS Potential biomarkers of spontaneous preterm birth were identified by targeted and shotgun proteomics analyses in cervicovaginal fluid samples from high-risk, asymptomatic women. Many of the proteins detected at higher levels in cervicovaginal fluid samples from spontaneous preterm birth cases are extracellular matrix proteins and/or regulate cell membrane physiology. These proteins have substantial biological interest, but validation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for 5 of these proteins did not yield clinically useful biomarkers for spontaneous preterm birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Parry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Rita Leite
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Radek Bukowski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Heping Zhang
- Collaborative Center for Statistics in Science, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Michael Varner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - William W Andrews
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - George R Saade
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - John Ilekis
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD
| | - Uma M Reddy
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD
| | - Hao Huang
- Collaborative Center for Statistics in Science, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Yoel Sadovsky
- Magee Women's Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ian A Blair
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Joseph Biggio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Effects of Selective Exclusion of Patients on Preterm Birth Test Performance. Obstet Gynecol 2020; 135:1228-1229. [PMID: 32332399 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000003855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
17
|
Battarbee AN, Ros ST, Esplin MS, Biggio J, Bukowski R, Parry S, Zhang H, Huang H, Andrews W, Saade G, Sadovsky Y, Reddy UM, Varner MW, Manuck TA. Optimal timing of antenatal corticosteroid administration and preterm neonatal and early childhood outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2019; 2:100077. [PMID: 32905377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2019.100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Antenatal corticosteroids reduce morbidity and mortality among preterm neonates. However, the optimal timing of steroid administration with regards to severe neonatal and early childhood morbidity is uncertain. Objective To evaluate the association between the timing of antenatal corticosteroid adminstration and preterm outcomes. We hypothesized that neonates exposed to antenatal corticosteroids 2 to <7 days before delivery would have the lowest risks of neonatal and childhood morbidity. Study Design Secondary analysis of two prospective multicenter studies enriched for spontaneous preterm birth, Genomics and Proteomics Network for Preterm Birth Research (11/2007-1/2011) and Beneficial Effect of Antenatal Magnesium (12/1997-5/2004). We included women with singleton gestations who received antenatal corticosteroids and delivered at 23 0/7-33 6/7 weeks' gestation. Women who received ≥1 course of corticosteroids were excluded. Neonatal outcomes were compared by the timing of the first dose of antenatal corticosteroids in relation to delivery: <2 days, 2 to <7 days, 7 to <14 days, and ≥14 days. The primary outcome was respiratory distress syndrome. Secondary outcomes included composite neonatal morbidity (death, intraventricular hemorrhage grade III or IV, periventricular leukomalacia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, or necrotizing enterocolitis), and early childhood morbidity (death or moderate to severe cerebral palsy at age 2). Multivariable logistic regression estimated the association between timing of antenatal corticosteroid administration and study outcomes. Results A total of 2,259 subjects met inclusion criteria: 622 (27.5%) received antenatal corticosteroids <2 days before delivery, 821 (36.3%) 2 to <7 days, 401 (17.8%) 7 to <14 days, and 415 (18.4%) ≥14 days. The majority (78.1%) delivered following idiopathic spontaneous preterm labor or preterm premature rupture of membranes at a mean gestational age of 29.5 +/-2.8 weeks. Neonates exposed to antenatal corticosteroids 2 to <7 days before delivery were the least likely to develop respiratory distress syndrome (51.3%), compared to those receiving antenatal corticosteroids <2 days, 7 to <14 days, and ≥14 days before delivery (62.7%, 55.9%, and 57.6%, respectively, p<0.001). Compared to receipt 2 to <7 days before delivery, there was an increased odds of respiratory distress syndrome with receipt of antenatal corticosteroids <2 days (aOR 2.07, 95%CI 1.61-2.66), 7 to <14 days (aOR 1.40, 95% CI 1.07-1.83), and ≥14 days (aOR 2.34, 95%CI 1.78-3.07). Neonates exposed to antenatal corticosteroids ≥14 days before delivery were at increased odds for severe neonatal morbidity (aOR 1.57, 95%CI 1.12-2.19) and early childhood morbidity (aOR 1.74, 95%CI 1.02-2.95), compared to those exposed 2 to <7 days before delivery. There was no significant association between antenatal corticosteroid receipt <2 days or 7 to <14 days and severe neonatal morbidity or severe childhood morbidity. Conclusions Preterm neonates exposed to antenatal corticosteroids 2 to <7 days before delivery had the lowest odds of respiratory distress syndrome, compared to shorter and longer time intervals between steroid administration and delivery. Antenatal corticosteroid administration ≥14 days before delivery is associated with an increased odds of severe neonatal and childhood morbidity, compared to 2 to <7 days before delivery. These results emphasize the importance of optimally timed antenatal corticosteroids to improve both short- and long-term outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Battarbee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Stephanie T Ros
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT.,Intermountain Healthcare Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - M Sean Esplin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT.,Intermountain Healthcare Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Joseph Biggio
- Center for Women's Reproductive Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Radek Bukowski
- Department of Women's Health, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Samuel Parry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Heping Zhang
- Collaborative Center for Statistics in Science, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Hao Huang
- Collaborative Center for Statistics in Science, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - William Andrews
- Center for Women's Reproductive Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - George Saade
- Department of Women's Health, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Yoel Sadovsky
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Uma M Reddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Michael W Varner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT.,Intermountain Healthcare Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Tracy A Manuck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Boniface JJ, Burchard J, Saade GR. Effects of Selective Exclusion of Patients on Preterm Birth Test Performance. Obstet Gynecol 2019; 134:1333-1338. [PMID: 31764747 PMCID: PMC6882533 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000003511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The need to reduce the rate of preterm delivery and the recent emergence of technologies that measure hundreds of biological analytes (eg, genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics; collectively referred to as "omics approaches") have led to proliferation of potential diagnostic biomarkers. On review of the literature, a concern must be raised regarding experimental design and data analysis reporting. Specifically, inaccurate performance has often been reported after selective exclusion of patients around the definition boundary of preterm birth. For example, authors may report the performance of a preterm delivery predictor by using patients who delivered early preterm compared with deliveries at 37 weeks of gestation or greater. A key principle that must be maintained during the development of any predictive test is to communicate performance for all patients for whom the test will be applicable clinically (ie, the intended-use population), which for prediction of preterm birth includes patients delivering throughout the spectrum of gestational ages, as this is what is to be predicted, and not known at the time of testing. Using biomarker data collected from the U.S.-based Proteomic Assessment of Preterm Risk clinical trial, we provide examples where the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the same test artifactually improves from 0.68 (for preterm delivery at less than 37 weeks of gestation) or 0.76 (for preterm delivery at less than 32 weeks of gestation) to 0.91 when patients who deliver late preterm are excluded. We review this phenomenon in this commentary and offer recommendations for clinicians and investigators going forward. FUNDING SOURCE:: Sera Prognostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Jay Boniface
- Sera Prognostics, Inc, Salt Lake City, Utah; and the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nielsen JB, Nielsen AV, Carson RH, Lin HJL, Hanson RL, Sonker M, Mortensen DN, Price JC, Woolley AT. Analysis of thrombin-antithrombin complex formation using microchip electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2853-2859. [PMID: 31373007 PMCID: PMC6829041 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) related health problems take over one million lives each year, and currently, no clinical analysis is available to determine if a fetus is at risk for PTB. Here, we describe the preparation of a key PTB risk biomarker, thrombin-antithrombin (TAT), and characterize it using dot blots, MS, and microchip electrophoresis (µCE). The pH for fluorescently labeling TAT was also optimized using spectrofluorometry and spectrophotometry. The LOD of TAT was measured in µCE. Lastly, TAT was combined with six other PTB risk biomarkers and separated in µCE. The ability to make and characterize TAT is an important step toward the development of an integrated microfluidic diagnostic for PTB risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob B. Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Anna V. Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Richard H. Carson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Hsien-Jung L. Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Robert L. Hanson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Mukul Sonker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Daniel N. Mortensen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - John C. Price
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Adam T. Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Beauchamp MJ, Nielsen AV, Gong H, Nordin GP, Woolley AT. 3D Printed Microfluidic Devices for Microchip Electrophoresis of Preterm Birth Biomarkers. Anal Chem 2019; 91:7418-7425. [PMID: 31056901 PMCID: PMC6561337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This work demonstrates for the first time the creation of microchip electrophoresis devices with ∼50 μm cross-sectional dimensions by stereolithographic 3D printing and their application in the analysis of medically significant biomarkers related to risk for preterm birth (PTB). We determined that device current was linear with applied potential up to 800 V (620 V/cm). We optimized device and separation conditions using fluorescently labeled amino acids as a model system and compared the performance in our 3D printed microfluidic devices to that in other device materials commonly used for microchip electrophoresis analysis. We demonstrated for the first time microchip electrophoresis in a 3D printed device of three PTB biomarkers, including peptides and a protein, with suitable separation characteristics. Limits of detection for microchip electrophoresis in 3D printed microfluidic devices were also determined for PTB biomarkers to be in the high picomolar to low nanomolar range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Beauchamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Anna V. Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Hua Gong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Gregory P. Nordin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Adam T. Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nielsen AV, Woolley AT. Device Fabrication and Fluorescent Labeling of Preterm Birth Biomarkers for Microchip Electrophoresis. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1972:175-184. [PMID: 30847791 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9213-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An unmet need exists for a clinical diagnostic to determine preterm birth (PTB) risk. Such an assessment is possible with high sensitivity and specificity using a panel of nine biomarkers. An integrated microfluidic analysis system for these biomarkers is being developed which includes microchip electrophoresis (μCE) separation. A t-shaped microchip device can be used to test the μCE portion of this integrated system to find appropriate separation conditions. These t-shaped microchips can be fabricated using photolithographically patterned Si templates and hot embossing. PTB biomarkers can be fluorescently labeled using an amine-reactive dye prior to μCE. The μCE conditions established using this t-shaped device should be useful in developing a complete integrated microfluidic system for PTB risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Adam T Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Baer RJ, McLemore MR, Adler N, Oltman SP, Chambers BD, Kuppermann M, Pantell MS, Rogers EE, Ryckman KK, Sirota M, Rand L, Jelliffe-Pawlowski LL. Pre-pregnancy or first-trimester risk scoring to identify women at high risk of preterm birth. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2018; 231:235-240. [PMID: 30439652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective To develop a pre-pregnancy or first-trimester risk score to identify women at high risk of preterm birth. Study design In this retrospective cohort analysis, the sample was drawn from California singleton livebirths from 2007 to 2012 with linked birth certificate and hospital discharge records. The dataset was divided into a training (2/3 of sample) and a testing (1/3 of sample) set for discovery and validation. Predictive models for preterm birth using pre-pregnancy or first-trimester maternal factors were developed using backward stepwise logistic regression on a training dataset. A risk score for preterm birth was created for each pregnancy using beta-coefficients for each maternal factor remaining in the final multivariable model. Risk score utility was replicated in a testing dataset and by race/ethnicity and payer for prenatal care. Results The sample included 2,339,696 pregnancies divided into training and testing datasets. Twenty-three maternal risk factors were identified including several that were associated with a two or more increased odds of preterm birth (preexisting diabetes, preexisting hypertension, sickle cell anemia, and previous preterm birth). Approximately 40% of women with a risk score ≥ 3.0 in the training and testing samples delivered preterm (40.6% and 40.8%, respectively) compared to 3.1-3.3% of women with a risk score of 0.0 [odds ratio (OR) 13.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 10.7-15.8, training; OR 12.2, 95% CI 9.4-15.9, testing). Additionally, over 18% of women with a risk score ≥ 3.0 had an adverse outcome other than preterm birth. Conclusion Maternal factors that are identifiable prior to pregnancy or during the first-trimester can be used create a cumulative risk score to identify women at the lowest and highest risk for preterm birth regardless of race/ethnicity or socioeconomic status. Further, we found that this cumulative risk score could also identify women at risk for other adverse outcomes who did not have a preterm birth. The risk score is not an effective screening test, but does identify women at very high risk of a preterm birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Baer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
| | - Monica R McLemore
- California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Family Health Care Nursing, University of California San Francisco School of Nursing, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Nancy Adler
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Center for Health and Community, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Scott P Oltman
- California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Brittany D Chambers
- California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Miriam Kuppermann
- California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Matthew S Pantell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth E Rogers
- California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kelli K Ryckman
- Departments of Epidemiology and Pediatrics, University of Iowa College of Public Health and Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Marina Sirota
- Institute for Computational Health Sciences University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Larry Rand
- California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Laura L Jelliffe-Pawlowski
- California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Parker EK, Nielsen AV, Beauchamp MJ, Almughamsi HM, Nielsen JB, Sonker M, Gong H, Nordin GP, Woolley AT. 3D printed microfluidic devices with immunoaffinity monoliths for extraction of preterm birth biomarkers. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 411:5405-5413. [PMID: 30382326 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1440-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) is defined as birth before the 37th week of pregnancy and results in 15 million early deliveries worldwide every year. Presently, there is no clinical test to determine PTB risk; however, a panel of nine biomarkers found in maternal blood serum has predictive power for a subsequent PTB. A significant step in creating a clinical diagnostic for PTB is designing an automated method to extract and purify these biomarkers from blood serum. Here, microfluidic devices with 45 μm × 50 μm cross-section channels were 3D printed with a built-in polymerization window to allow a glycidyl methacrylate monolith to be site-specifically polymerized within the channel. This monolith was then used as a solid support to attach antibodies for PTB biomarker extraction. Using these functionalized monoliths, it was possible to selectively extract a PTB biomarker, ferritin, from buffer and a human blood serum matrix. This is the first demonstration of monolith formation in a 3D printed microfluidic device for immunoaffinity extraction. Notably, this work is a crucial first step toward developing a 3D printed microfluidic clinical diagnostic for PTB risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen K Parker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, C100 BNSN, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Anna V Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, C100 BNSN, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Michael J Beauchamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, C100 BNSN, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Haifa M Almughamsi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, C100 BNSN, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Jacob B Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, C100 BNSN, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Mukul Sonker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, C100 BNSN, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Hua Gong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 450G EB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Gregory P Nordin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 450G EB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Adam T Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, C100 BNSN, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wuethrich A, Quirino JP. A decade of microchip electrophoresis for clinical diagnostics - A review of 2008-2017. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1045:42-66. [PMID: 30454573 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A core element in clinical diagnostics is the data interpretation obtained through the analysis of patient samples. To obtain relevant and reliable information, a methodological approach of sample preparation, separation, and detection is required. Traditionally, these steps are performed independently and stepwise. Microchip capillary electrophoresis (MCE) can provide rapid and high-resolution separation with the capability to integrate a streamlined and complete diagnostic workflow suitable for the point-of-care setting. Whilst standard clinical diagnostics methods normally require hours to days to retrieve specific patient data, MCE can reduce the time to minutes, hastening the delivery of treatment options for the patients. This review covers the advances in MCE for disease detection from 2008 to 2017. Miniaturised diagnostic approaches that required an electrophoretic separation step prior to the detection of the biological samples are reviewed. In the two main sections, the discussion is focused on the technical set-up used to suit MCE for disease detection and on the strategies that have been applied to study various diseases. Throughout these discussions MCE is compared to other techniques to create context of the potential and challenges of MCE. A comprehensive table categorised based on the studied disease using MCE is provided. We also comment on future challenges that remain to be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Wuethrich
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University of Queensland, Building 75, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Joselito P Quirino
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nielsen AV, Nielsen JB, Sonker M, Knob R, Sahore V, Woolley AT. Microchip electrophoresis separation of a panel of preterm birth biomarkers. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:2300-2307. [PMID: 29683528 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) is responsible for over one million infant deaths annually worldwide. Often, the first and only indication of PTB risk is the onset of early labor. Thus, there is an urgent need for an early PTB risk diagnostic that is inexpensive, reliable, and robust. Here, we describe the development of a microchip electrophoresis (μCE) method for separating a mixture of six PTB protein and peptide biomarkers present in maternal blood serum. μCE devices were photografted with a poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate surface coating to regulate EOF and reduce nonspecific analyte adsorption. Separation conditions including buffer pH, buffer concentration, and applied electric field were varied to improve biomarker peak resolution while minimizing deleterious effects like Joule heating. In this way, it was possible to separate six PTB biomarkers, the first μCE separation of this biomarker panel. LODs were also measured for each of the six PTB biomarkers. In the future, this μCE separation can be integrated with upstream maternal blood serum sample preparation steps to yield a complete PTB risk diagnosis microdevice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Jacob B Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Mukul Sonker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Radim Knob
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Vishal Sahore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Adam T Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sahore V, Sonker M, Nielsen AV, Knob R, Kumar S, Woolley AT. Automated microfluidic devices integrating solid-phase extraction, fluorescent labeling, and microchip electrophoresis for preterm birth biomarker analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:933-941. [PMID: 28799040 PMCID: PMC5775915 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0548-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We have developed multichannel integrated microfluidic devices for automated preconcentration, labeling, purification, and separation of preterm birth (PTB) biomarkers. We fabricated multilayer poly(dimethylsiloxane)-cyclic olefin copolymer (PDMS-COC) devices that perform solid-phase extraction (SPE) and microchip electrophoresis (μCE) for automated PTB biomarker analysis. The PDMS control layer had a peristaltic pump and pneumatic valves for flow control, while the PDMS fluidic layer had five input reservoirs connected to microchannels and a μCE system. The COC layers had a reversed-phase octyl methacrylate porous polymer monolith for SPE and fluorescent labeling of PTB biomarkers. We determined μCE conditions for two PTB biomarkers, ferritin (Fer) and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). We used these integrated microfluidic devices to preconcentrate and purify off-chip-labeled Fer and CRF in an automated fashion. Finally, we performed a fully automated on-chip analysis of unlabeled PTB biomarkers, involving SPE, labeling, and μCE separation with 1 h total analysis time. These integrated systems have strong potential to be combined with upstream immunoaffinity extraction, offering a compact sample-to-answer biomarker analysis platform. Graphical abstract Pressure-actuated integrated microfluidic devices have been developed for automated solid-phase extraction, fluorescent labeling, and microchip electrophoresis of preterm birth biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Sahore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 BNSN, Provo, UT, 84602-5700, USA
| | - Mukul Sonker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 BNSN, Provo, UT, 84602-5700, USA
| | - Anna V Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 BNSN, Provo, UT, 84602-5700, USA
| | - Radim Knob
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 BNSN, Provo, UT, 84602-5700, USA
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 BNSN, Provo, UT, 84602-5700, USA
| | - Adam T Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 BNSN, Provo, UT, 84602-5700, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sonker M, Parker EK, Nielsen AV, Sahore V, Woolley AT. Electrokinetically operated microfluidic devices for integrated immunoaffinity monolith extraction and electrophoretic separation of preterm birth biomarkers. Analyst 2017; 143:224-231. [PMID: 29136068 PMCID: PMC5734996 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01357d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers are often present in complex biological fluids like blood, requiring multiple, slow sample preparation steps that pose limitations in simplifying analysis. Here we report integrated immunoaffinity extraction and separation devices for analysis of preterm birth biomarkers in a human blood serum matrix. A reactive polymer monolith was used for immobilization of antibodies for selective extraction of target preterm birth biomarkers. Microfluidic immunoaffinity extraction protocols were optimized and then integrated with microchip electrophoresis for separation. Using these integrated devices, a ∼30 min analysis was carried out on low nanomolar concentrations of two preterm birth biomarkers spiked in a human serum matrix. This work is a promising step towards the development of an automated, integrated platform for determination of preterm birth risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Sonker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Quinney SK, Gullapelli R, Haas DM. Translational Systems Pharmacology Studies in Pregnant Women. CPT-PHARMACOMETRICS & SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 7:69-81. [PMID: 29239132 PMCID: PMC5824114 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy involves rapid physiological adaptation and complex interplay between mother and fetus. New analytic technologies provide large amounts of genomic, proteomic, and metabolomics data. The integration of these data through bioinformatics, statistical, and systems pharmacology techniques can improve our understanding of the mechanisms of normal maternal physiologic changes and fetal development. New insights into the mechanisms of pregnancy‐related disorders, such as preterm birth (PTB), may lead to the development of new therapeutic interventions and novel biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara K Quinney
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Rakesh Gullapelli
- School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - David M Haas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sonker M, Knob R, Sahore V, Woolley AT. Integrated electrokinetically driven microfluidic devices with pH-mediated solid-phase extraction coupled to microchip electrophoresis for preterm birth biomarkers. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:1743-1754. [PMID: 28272749 PMCID: PMC5541996 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Integration in microfluidics is important for achieving automation. Sample preconcentration integrated with separation in a microfluidic setup can have a substantial impact on rapid analysis of low-abundance disease biomarkers. Here, we have developed a microfluidic device that uses pH-mediated solid-phase extraction (SPE) for the enrichment and elution of preterm birth (PTB) biomarkers. Furthermore, this SPE module was integrated with microchip electrophoresis for combined enrichment and separation of multiple analytes, including a PTB peptide biomarker (P1). A reversed-phase octyl methacrylate monolith was polymerized as the SPE medium in polyethylene glycol diacrylate modified cyclic olefin copolymer microfluidic channels. Eluent for pH-mediated SPE of PTB biomarkers on the monolith was optimized using different pH values and ionic concentrations. Nearly 50-fold enrichment was observed in single channel SPE devices for a low nanomolar solution of P1, with great elution time reproducibility (<7% RSD). The monolith binding capacity was determined to be 400 pg (0.2 pmol). A mixture of a model peptide (FA) and a PTB biomarker (P1) was extracted, eluted, injected, and then separated by microchip electrophoresis in our integrated device with ∼15-fold enrichment. This device shows important progress towards an integrated electrokinetically operated platform for preconcentration and separation of biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Sonker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Radim Knob
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Vishal Sahore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Adam T Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nielson CM, Wiedrick J, Shen J, Jacobs J, Baker ES, Baraff A, Piehowski P, Lee CG, Baratt A, Petyuk V, McWeeney S, Lim JY, Bauer DC, Lane NE, Cawthon PM, Smith RD, Lapidus J, Orwoll ES. Identification of Hip BMD Loss and Fracture Risk Markers Through Population-Based Serum Proteomics. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:1559-1567. [PMID: 28316103 PMCID: PMC5489383 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Serum proteomics analysis may lead to the discovery of novel osteoporosis biomarkers. The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study comprises men ≥65 years old in the US who have had repeated BMD measures and have been followed for incident fracture. High-throughput quantitative proteomic analysis was performed on baseline fasting serum samples from non-Hispanic white men using a multidimensional approach coupling liquid chromatography, ion-mobility separation, and mass spectrometry (LC-IMS-MS). We followed the participants for a mean of 4.6 years for changes in femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) and for incident hip fracture. Change in BMD was determined from mixed effects regression models taking age and weight into account. Participants were categorized into three groups: BMD maintenance (no decline; estimated change ≥0 g/cm2 , n = 453); expected loss (estimated change 0 to 1 SD below the estimated mean change, -0.034 g/cm2 for femoral neck, n = 1184); and accelerated loss (estimated change ≥1 SD below mean change, n = 237). Differential abundance values of 3946 peptides were summarized by meta-analysis to determine differential abundance of each of 339 corresponding proteins for accelerated BMD loss versus maintenance. Using this meta-analytic standardized fold change at cutoffs of ≥1.1 or ≤0.9 (p < 0.10), 20 proteins were associated with accelerated BMD loss. Associations of those 20 proteins with incident hip fracture were tested using Cox proportional hazards models with age and BMI adjustment in 2473 men. Five proteins were associated with incident hip fracture (HR between 1.29 and 1.41 per SD increase in estimated protein abundance). Some proteins have been previously associated with fracture risk (eg, CD14 and SHBG), whereas others have roles in cellular senescence and aging (B2MG and TIMP1) and complement activation and innate immunity (CO7, CO9, CFAD). These findings may inform development of biomarkers for future research in bone biology and fracture prediction. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carrie M Nielson
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Bone and Mineral Unit, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jack Wiedrick
- Biostatistics and Design Program, OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jian Shen
- Bone and Mineral Unit, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jon Jacobs
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Erin S Baker
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Aaron Baraff
- Division of Biostatistics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Paul Piehowski
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Christine G Lee
- Research Service, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Arie Baratt
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Vladislav Petyuk
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Shannon McWeeney
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jeong Youn Lim
- Division of Biostatistics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Douglas C Bauer
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nancy E Lane
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Peggy M Cawthon
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Jodi Lapidus
- Biostatistics and Design Program, OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Eric S Orwoll
- Bone and Mineral Unit, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
A Routine 'Top-Down' Approach to Analysis of the Human Serum Proteome. Proteomes 2017; 5:proteomes5020013. [PMID: 28587287 PMCID: PMC5489773 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes5020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum provides a rich source of potential biomarker proteoforms. One of the major obstacles in analysing serum proteomes is detecting lower abundance proteins owing to the presence of hyper-abundant species (e.g., serum albumin and immunoglobulins). Although depletion methods have been used to address this, these can lead to the concomitant removal of non-targeted protein species, and thus raise issues of specificity, reproducibility, and the capacity for meaningful quantitative analyses. Altering the native stoichiometry of the proteome components may thus yield a more complex series of issues than dealing directly with the inherent complexity of the sample. Hence, here we targeted method refinements so as to ensure optimum resolution of serum proteomes via a top down two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) approach that enables the routine assessment of proteoforms and is fully compatible with subsequent mass spectrometric analyses. Testing included various fractionation and non-fractionation approaches. The data show that resolving 500 µg protein on 17 cm 3–10 non-linear immobilised pH gradient strips in the first dimension followed by second dimension resolution on 7–20% gradient gels with a combination of lithium dodecyl sulfate (LDS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) detergents markedly improves the resolution and detection of proteoforms in serum. In addition, well established third dimension electrophoretic separations in combination with deep imaging further contributed to the best available resolution, detection, and thus quantitative top-down analysis of serum proteomes.
Collapse
|
32
|
Kosteria I, Anagnostopoulos AK, Kanaka-Gantenbein C, Chrousos GP, Tsangaris GT. The Use of Proteomics in Assisted Reproduction. In Vivo 2017; 31:267-283. [PMID: 28438852 PMCID: PMC5461434 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the explosive increase in the use of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) over the last 30 years, their success rates remain suboptimal. Proteomics is a rapidly-evolving technology-driven science that has already been widely applied in the exploration of human reproduction and fertility, providing useful insights into its physiology and leading to the identification of numerous proteins that may be potential biomarkers and/or treatment targets of a successful ART pregnancy. Here we present a brief overview of the techniques used in proteomic analyses and attempt a comprehensive presentation of recent data from mass spectrometry-based proteomic studies in humans, regarding all components of ARTs, including the male and female gamete, the derived zygote and embryo, the endometrium and, finally, the ART offspring both pre- and postnatally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Kosteria
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Proteomics Research Unit, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George T Tsangaris
- Proteomics Research Unit, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sonker M, Yang R, Sahore V, Kumar S, Woolley AT. On-Chip Fluorescent Labeling using Reversed-phase Monoliths and Microchip Electrophoretic Separations of Selected Preterm Birth Biomarkers. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2016; 8:7739-7746. [PMID: 28496521 PMCID: PMC5421993 DOI: 10.1039/c6ay01803c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
On-chip preconcentration, purification, and fluorescent labeling are desirable sample preparation steps to achieve complete automation in integrated microfluidic systems. In this work, we developed electrokinetically operated microfluidic devices for solid-phase extraction and fluorescent labeling of preterm birth (PTB) biomarkers. Reversed-phase monoliths based on different acrylate monomers were photopolymerized in cyclic olefin copolymer microdevices and studied for the selective retention and elution of a fluorescent dye and PTB biomarkers. Octyl methacrylate-based monoliths with desirable retention and elution characteristics were chosen and used for on-chip fluorescent labeling of three PTB biomarkers. Purification of on-chip labeled samples was done by selective elution of unreacted dye prior to sample. Automated and rapid on-chip fluorescent labeling was achieved with similar efficiency to that obtained for samples labeled off chip. Additionally, protocols for microchip electrophoresis of several off-chip-labeled PTB biomarkers were demonstrated in poly(methyl methacrylate) microfluidic devices. This study is an important step toward the development of integrated on-chip labeling and separation microfluidic devices for PTB biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Sonker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo 84602, UT, USA
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo 84602, UT, USA
| | - Vishal Sahore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo 84602, UT, USA
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo 84602, UT, USA
| | - Adam T Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo 84602, UT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Development and validation of a spontaneous preterm delivery predictor in asymptomatic women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 214:633.e1-633.e24. [PMID: 26874297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm delivery remains the leading cause of perinatal mortality. Risk factors and biomarkers have traditionally failed to identify the majority of preterm deliveries. OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a mass spectrometry-based serum test to predict spontaneous preterm delivery in asymptomatic pregnant women. STUDY DESIGN A total of 5501 pregnant women were enrolled between 17(0/7) and 28(6/7) weeks gestational age in the prospective Proteomic Assessment of Preterm Risk study at 11 sites in the United States between 2011 and 2013. Maternal blood was collected at enrollment and outcomes collected following delivery. Maternal serum was processed by a proteomic workflow, and proteins were quantified by multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. The discovery and verification process identified 2 serum proteins, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 4 (IBP4) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), as predictors of spontaneous preterm delivery. We evaluated a predictor using the log ratio of the measures of IBP4 and SHBG (IBP4/SHBG) in a clinical validation study to classify spontaneous preterm delivery cases (<37(0/7) weeks gestational age) in a nested case-control cohort different from subjects used in discovery and verification. Strict blinding and independent statistical analyses were employed. RESULTS The predictor had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value of 0.75 and sensitivity and specificity of 0.75 and 0.74, respectively. The IBP4/SHBG predictor at this sensitivity and specificity had an odds ratio of 5.04 for spontaneous preterm delivery. Accuracy of the IBP4/SHBG predictor increased using earlier case-vs-control gestational age cutoffs (eg, <35(0/7) vs ≥35(0/7) weeks gestational age). Importantly, higher-risk subjects defined by the IBP4/SHBG predictor score generally gave birth earlier than lower-risk subjects. CONCLUSION A serum-based molecular predictor identifies asymptomatic pregnant women at risk of spontaneous preterm delivery, which may provide utility in identifying women at risk at an early stage of pregnancy to allow for clinical intervention. This early detection would guide enhanced levels of care and accelerate development of clinical strategies to prevent preterm delivery.
Collapse
|
35
|
Anand S, Bench Alvarez TM, Johnson WE, Esplin MS, Merrell K, Porter TF, Graves SW. Serum biomarkers predictive of pre-eclampsia. Biomark Med 2016; 9:563-75. [PMID: 26079961 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.15.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM We sought serum biomarkers predictive of pre-eclampsia (PE). MATERIALS & METHODS Sera obtained at 12-14 weeks of pregnancy from 24 cases who later developed PE and 24 controls with uncomplicated pregnancies were processed and analyzed using a serum proteomic approach. RESULTS Many statistically significant serum PE biomarker candidates (n > 60) were found comparing cases and controls. In addition, logistic regression analysis modeled biomarker data resulted in 14 different multimarker combinations having high detection sensitivity and specificity (AUC >0.9). CONCLUSIONS Developed panels of serum biomarkers appeared effective in identifying pregnant women at 12-14 weeks gestation at risk of PE later in their pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Anand
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | | | - W Evan Johnson
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - M Sean Esplin
- Maternal Fetal Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84143, USA.,Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Karen Merrell
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - T Flint Porter
- Maternal Fetal Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84143, USA.,Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Steven W Graves
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kleinrouweler CE, Cheong-See FM, Collins GS, Kwee A, Thangaratinam S, Khan KS, Mol BWJ, Pajkrt E, Moons KG, Schuit E. Prognostic models in obstetrics: available, but far from applicable. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 214:79-90.e36. [PMID: 26070707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Health care provision is increasingly focused on the prediction of patients' individual risk for developing a particular health outcome in planning further tests and treatments. There has been a steady increase in the development and publication of prognostic models for various maternal and fetal outcomes in obstetrics. We undertook a systematic review to give an overview of the current status of available prognostic models in obstetrics in the context of their potential advantages and the process of developing and validating models. Important aspects to consider when assessing a prognostic model are discussed and recommendations on how to proceed on this within the obstetric domain are given. We searched MEDLINE (up to July 2012) for articles developing prognostic models in obstetrics. We identified 177 papers that reported the development of 263 prognostic models for 40 different outcomes. The most frequently predicted outcomes were preeclampsia (n = 69), preterm delivery (n = 63), mode of delivery (n = 22), gestational hypertension (n = 11), and small-for-gestational-age infants (n = 10). The performance of newer models was generally not better than that of older models predicting the same outcome. The most important measures of predictive accuracy (ie, a model's discrimination and calibration) were often (82.9%, 218/263) not both assessed. Very few developed models were validated in data other than the development data (8.7%, 23/263). Only two-thirds of the papers (62.4%, 164/263) presented the model such that validation in other populations was possible, and the clinical applicability was discussed in only 11.0% (29/263). The impact of developed models on clinical practice was unknown. We identified a large number of prognostic models in obstetrics, but there is relatively little evidence about their performance, impact, and usefulness in clinical practice so that at this point, clinical implementation cannot be recommended. New efforts should be directed toward evaluating the performance and impact of the existing models.
Collapse
|
37
|
Dulay AT, Buhimschi IA, Zhao G, Bahtiyar MO, Thung SF, Cackovic M, Buhimschi CS. Compartmentalization of acute phase reactants Interleukin-6, C-Reactive Protein and Procalcitonin as biomarkers of intra-amniotic infection and chorioamnionitis. Cytokine 2015; 76:236-243. [PMID: 25957466 PMCID: PMC4824401 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The arsenal of maternal and amniotic fluid (AF) immune response to local or systemic infection includes among others the acute-phase reactants IL-6, C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and Procalcitonin (PCT). If these molecules can be used as non-invasive biomarkers of intra-amniotic infection (IAI) in the subclinical phase of the disease remains incompletely known. METHODS We used time-matched maternal serum, urine and AF from 100 pregnant women who had an amniocentesis to rule out IAI in the setting of preterm labor, PPROM or systemic inflammatory response (SIR: pyelonephritis, appendicitis, pneumonia) to infection. Cord blood was analyzed in a subgroup of cases. We used sensitive immunoassays to quantify the levels of inflammatory markers in the maternal blood, urine and AF compartment. Microbiological testing and placental pathology was used to establish infection and histological chorioamnionitis. RESULTS PCT was not a useful biomarker of IAI in any of the studied compartments. Maternal blood IL-6 and CRP levels were elevated in women with subclinical IAI. Compared to clinically manifest chorioamnionitis group, women with SIR have higher maternal blood IL-6 levels rendering some marginal diagnostic benefit for this condition. Urine was not a useful biological sample for assessment of IAI using either of these three inflammatory biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS In women with subclinical IAI, the large overlapping confidence intervals and different cut-offs for the maternal blood levels of IL-6, CRP and PCT likely make interpretation of their absolute values difficult for clinical decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonette T Dulay
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, United States
| | - Irina A Buhimschi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, United States; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43215, United States
| | - Guomao Zhao
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, United States
| | - Mert O Bahtiyar
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Stephen F Thung
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Michael Cackovic
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Catalin S Buhimschi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sahore V, Kumar S, Rogers CI, Jensen JK, Sonker M, Woolley AT. Pressure-actuated microfluidic devices for electrophoretic separation of pre-term birth biomarkers. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 408:599-607. [PMID: 26537925 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9141-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have developed microfluidic devices with pressure-driven injection for electrophoretic analysis of amino acids, peptides, and proteins. The novelty of our approach lies in the use of an externally actuated on-chip peristaltic pump and closely spaced pneumatic valves that allow well-defined, small-volume sample plugs to be injected and separated by microchip electrophoresis. We fabricated three-layer poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microfluidic devices. The fluidic layer had injection and separation channels, and the control layer had an externally actuated on-chip peristaltic pump and four pneumatic valves around the T-intersection to carry out sample injection. An unpatterned PDMS membrane layer was sandwiched between the fluidic and control layers as the actuated component in pumps and valves. Devices with the same peristaltic pump design but different valve spacings (100, 200, 300, and 400 μm) from the injection intersection were fabricated using soft lithographic techniques. Devices were characterized through fluorescent imaging of captured plugs of a fluorescein-labeled amino acid mixture and through microchip electrophoresis separations. A suitable combination of peak height, separation efficiency, and analysis time was obtained with a peristaltic pump actuation rate of 50 ms, an injection time of 30 s, and a 200-μm valve spacing. We demonstrated the injection of samples in different solutions and were able to achieve a 2.4-fold improvement in peak height and a 2.8-fold increase in separation efficiency though sample stacking. A comparison of pressure-driven injection and electrokinetic injection with the same injection time and separation voltage showed a 3.9-fold increase in peak height in pressure-based injection with comparable separation efficiency. Finally, the microchip systems were used to separate biomarkers implicated in pre-term birth. Although these devices have initially been demonstrated as a stand-alone microfluidic separation tool, they have strong potential to be integrated within more complex systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Sahore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
| | - S Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
| | - C I Rogers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
| | - J K Jensen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
| | - M Sonker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
| | - A T Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Shah DJ, Rohlfing F, Anand S, Johnson WE, Alvarez MTB, Cobell J, King J, Young SA, Kauwe JS, Graves SW. Discovery and Subsequent Confirmation of Novel Serum Biomarkers Diagnosing Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 49:317-27. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-150498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Jigar Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | | | - Swati Anand
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - W. Evan Johnson
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jesse Cobell
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Jackson King
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Sydney A. Young
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - John S.K. Kauwe
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Steven W. Graves
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tan Z, Hu Z, Cai EY, Alev C, Yang T, Li Z, Sung J, El-Sayed YY, Shaw GM, Stevenson DK, Butte AJ, Sheng G, Sylvester KG, Cohen HJ, Ling XB. Serological targeted analysis of an ITIH4 peptide isoform: a preterm birth biomarker and its associated SNP implications. J Genet Genomics 2015; 42:507-10. [PMID: 26408095 PMCID: PMC11186666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Tan
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310029, China; Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zhongkai Hu
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Emily Y Cai
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cantas Alev
- Lab for Early Embryogenesis, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joyce Sung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yasser Yehia El-Sayed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gary M Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David K Stevenson
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Atul J Butte
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Guojun Sheng
- Lab for Early Embryogenesis, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Karl G Sylvester
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Harvey J Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xuefeng B Ling
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Heng YJ, Liong S, Permezel M, Rice GE, Di Quinzio MKW, Georgiou HM. Human cervicovaginal fluid biomarkers to predict term and preterm labor. Front Physiol 2015; 6:151. [PMID: 26029118 PMCID: PMC4429550 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB; birth before 37 completed weeks of gestation) remains the major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. The current generation of biomarkers predictive of PTB have limited utility. In pregnancy, the human cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) proteome is a reflection of the local biochemical milieu and is influenced by the physical changes occurring in the vagina, cervix and adjacent overlying fetal membranes. Term and preterm labor (PTL) share common pathways of cervical ripening, myometrial activation and fetal membranes rupture leading to birth. We therefore hypothesize that CVF biomarkers predictive of labor may be similar in both the term and preterm labor setting. In this review, we summarize some of the existing published literature as well as our team's breadth of work utilizing the CVF for the discovery and validation of putative CVF biomarkers predictive of human labor. Our team established an efficient method for collecting serial CVF samples for optimal 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis resolution and analysis. We first embarked on CVF biomarker discovery for the prediction of spontaneous onset of term labor using 2D-electrophoresis and solution array multiple analyte profiling. 2D-electrophoretic analyses were subsequently performed on CVF samples associated with PTB. Several proteins have been successfully validated and demonstrate that these biomarkers are associated with term and PTL and may be predictive of both term and PTL. In addition, the measurement of these putative biomarkers was found to be robust to the influences of vaginal microflora and/or semen. The future development of a multiple biomarker bed-side test would help improve the prediction of PTB and the clinical management of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujing J Heng
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stella Liong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne Melbourne, VIC, Australia ; Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Permezel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne Melbourne, VIC, Australia ; Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Gregory E Rice
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Megan K W Di Quinzio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne Melbourne, VIC, Australia ; Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Harry M Georgiou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne Melbourne, VIC, Australia ; Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Haas DM, Parker CB, Wing DA, Parry S, Grobman WA, Mercer BM, Simhan HN, Hoffman MK, Silver RM, Wadhwa P, Iams JD, Koch MA, Caritis SN, Wapner RJ, Esplin MS, Elovitz MA, Foroud T, Peaceman AM, Saade GR, Willinger M, Reddy UM. A description of the methods of the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: monitoring mothers-to-be (nuMoM2b). Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 212:539.e1-539.e24. [PMID: 25648779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary aim of the "Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: monitoring mothers-to-be" is to determine maternal characteristics, which include genetic, physiologic response to pregnancy, and environmental factors that predict adverse pregnancy outcomes. STUDY DESIGN Nulliparous women in the first trimester of pregnancy were recruited into an observational cohort study. Participants were seen at 3 study visits during pregnancy and again at delivery. We collected data from in-clinic interviews, take-home surveys, clinical measurements, ultrasound studies, and chart abstractions. Maternal biospecimens (serum, plasma, urine, cervicovaginal fluid) at antepartum study visits and delivery specimens (placenta, umbilical cord, cord blood) were collected, processed, and stored. The primary outcome of the study was defined as pregnancy ending at <37+0 weeks' gestation. Key study hypotheses involve adverse pregnancy outcomes of spontaneous preterm birth, preeclampsia, and fetal growth restriction. RESULTS We recruited 10,037 women to the study. Basic characteristics of the cohort at screening are reported. CONCLUSION The "Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: monitoring mothers-to-be" cohort study methods and procedures can help investigators when they plan future projects.
Collapse
|
43
|
Parry S, Zhang H, Biggio J, Bukowski R, Varner M, Xu Y, Andrews WW, Saade GR, Esplin MS, Leite R, Ilekis J, Reddy UM, Sadovsky Y, Blair IA. Maternal serum serpin B7 is associated with early spontaneous preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 211:678.e1-12. [PMID: 24954659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to identify serum biomarkers of early spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) using semiquantitative proteomic analyses. STUDY DESIGN This was a nested case-control study of pregnant women with previous SPTB. Maternal serum was collected at 19-24 and 28-32 weeks' gestation, and analyzed by liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring/mass spectrometry. Targeted and shotgun proteomics identified 31 candidate proteins that were differentially expressed in pooled serum samples from spontaneous preterm (cases [<34 weeks]) and term (controls) deliveries. Candidate protein expression was compared in individual serum samples between cases and controls matched by age and race groups, and clinical site. Protein expression was verified by Western blot in the placenta and fetal membranes from cases and controls. RESULTS Serum samples were available for 35 cases and 35 controls at 19-24 weeks, and 16 cases and 16 controls at 28-32 weeks. One protein, serpin B7, yielded serum concentrations that differed between cases and controls. The mean concentration of serpin B7 at 28-32 weeks was 1.5-fold higher in women with subsequent preterm deliveries compared to controls; there was no difference at 19-24 weeks. Higher levels of serpin B7 at both gestational age windows were associated with a shorter interval to delivery, and higher levels of serpin B7 in samples from 28-32 weeks were associated with a lower gestational age at delivery. Western blotting identified serpin B7 protein in placenta, amnion, and chorion from cases and controls. CONCLUSION Targeted and shotgun serum proteomics analyses associated 1 protein, serpin B7, with early SPTB. Our results require validation in other cohorts and analysis of the possible mechanistic role of serpin B7 in parturition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Parry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Heping Zhang
- Collaborative Center for Statistics in Science, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Joseph Biggio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL
| | - Radek Bukowski
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Michael Varner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Yaji Xu
- Collaborative Center for Statistics in Science, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - William W Andrews
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL
| | - George R Saade
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - M Sean Esplin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Rita Leite
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John Ilekis
- Pregnancy and Perinatology Branch, Center for Developmental Biology and Perinatal Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD
| | - Uma M Reddy
- Pregnancy and Perinatology Branch, Center for Developmental Biology and Perinatal Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yoel Sadovsky
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ian A Blair
- Center for Cancer Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhang Y, Kang Y, Zhou Q, Zhou J, Wang H, Jin H, Liu X, Ma D, Li X. Quantitative proteomic analysis of serum from pregnant women carrying a fetus with conotruncal heart defect using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111645. [PMID: 25393621 PMCID: PMC4230941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To identify differentially expressed proteins from serum of pregnant women carrying a conotruncal heart defects (CTD) fetus, using proteomic analysis. Methods The study was conducted using a nested case-control design. The 5473 maternal serum samples were collected at 14–18 weeks of gestation. The serum from 9 pregnant women carrying a CTD fetus, 10 with another CHD (ACHD) fetus, and 11 with a normal fetus were selected from the above samples, and analyzed by using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) coupled with two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(2D LC-MS/MS). The differentially expressed proteins identified by iTRAQ were further validated with Western blot. Results A total of 105 unique proteins present in the three groups were identified, and relative expression data were obtained for 92 of them with high confidence by employing the iTRAQ-based experiments. The downregulation of gelsolin in maternal serum of fetus with CTD was further verified by Western blot. Conclusions The identification of differentially expressed protein gelsolin in the serum of the pregnant women carrying a CTD fetus by using proteomic technology may be able to serve as a foundation to further explore the biomarker for detection of CTD fetus from the maternal serum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Kang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiongjie Zhou
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jizi Zhou
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Biomedicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Duan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (XL); (DM)
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (XL); (DM)
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Preterm birth is associated with 5 to 18% of pregnancies and is a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Spontaneous preterm labor, a syndrome caused by multiple pathologic processes, leads to 70% of preterm births. The prevention and the treatment of preterm labor have been long-standing challenges. We summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms of disease implicated in this condition and review advances relevant to intra-amniotic infection, decidual senescence, and breakdown of maternal-fetal tolerance. The success of progestogen treatment to prevent preterm birth in a subset of patients at risk is a cause for optimism. Solving the mystery of preterm labor, which compromises the health of future generations, is a formidable scientific challenge worthy of investment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, Wayne State University/the Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Sudhansu K Dey
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Susan J Fisher
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Department of Anatomy, and Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Olcese J, Beesley S. Clinical significance of melatonin receptors in the human myometrium. Fertil Steril 2014; 102:329-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
47
|
Yang R, Pagaduan JV, Yu M, Woolley AT. On chip preconcentration and fluorescence labeling of model proteins by use of monolithic columns: device fabrication, optimization, and automation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:737-47. [PMID: 25012353 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7988-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic systems with monolithic columns have been developed for preconcentration and on-chip labeling of model proteins. Monoliths were prepared in microchannels by photopolymerization, and their properties were optimized by varying the composition and concentration of the monomers to improve flow and extraction. On-chip labeling of proteins was achieved by driving solutions through the monolith by use of voltage then incubating fluorescent dye with protein retained on the monolith. Subsequently, the labeled proteins were eluted, by applying voltages to reservoirs on the microdevice, and then detected, by monitoring laser-induced fluorescence. Monoliths prepared from octyl methacrylate combine the best protein retention with the possibility of separate elution of unattached fluorescent label with 50% acetonitrile. Finally, automated on-chip extraction and fluorescence labeling of a model protein were successfully demonstrated. This method involves facile sample pretreatment, and therefore has potential for production of integrated bioanalysis microchips.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Romero R, Kadar N, Miranda J, Korzeniewski SJ, Schwartz AG, Chaemsaithong P, Rogers W, Soto E, Gotsch F, Yeo L, Hassan SS, Chaiworapongsa T. The diagnostic performance of the Mass Restricted (MR) score in the identification of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity or intra-amniotic inflammation is not superior to amniotic fluid interleukin-6. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2014; 27:757-69. [PMID: 24028673 PMCID: PMC5881917 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2013.844123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intra-amniotic infection/inflammation are major causes of spontaneous preterm labor and delivery. However, diagnosis of intra-amniotic infection is challenging because most are subclinical and amniotic fluid (AF) cultures take several days before results are available. Several tests have been proposed for the rapid diagnosis of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC) or intra-amniotic inflammation. The aim of this study was to examine the diagnostic performance of the AF Mass Restricted (MR) score in comparison with interleukin-6 (IL-6) and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) for the identification of MIAC or inflammation. METHODS AF samples were collected from patients with singleton gestations and symptoms of preterm labor (n = 100). Intra-amniotic inflammation was defined as >100 white blood cells/mm(3) (WBCs) in AF; MIAC was defined as a positive AF culture. AF IL-6 and MMP-8 were determined using ELISA. The MR score was obtained using the Surface-Enhanced Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight (SELDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated and logistic regression models were fit to construct receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the identification of each outcome. The McNemar's test and paired sample non-parametric statistical techniques were used to test for differences in diagnostic performance metrics. RESULTS (1) The prevalence of MIAC and intra-amniotic inflammation was 34% (34/100) and 40% (40/100), respectively; (2) there were no significant differences in sensitivity of the three tests under study (MR score, IL-6 or MMP-8) in the identification of either MIAC or intra-amniotic inflammation (using the following cutoffs: MR score >2, IL-6 >11.4 ng/mL, and MMP-8 >23 ng/mL); (3) there was no significant difference in the sensitivity among the three tests for the same outcomes when the false positive rate was fixed at 15%; (4) the specificity for IL-6 was not significantly different from that of the MR score in identifying either MIAC or intra-amniotic inflammation when using previously reported thresholds; and (5) there were no significant differences in the area under the ROC curve when comparing the MR score, IL-6 or MMP-8 in the identification of these outcomes. CONCLUSIONS IL-6 and the MR score have equivalent diagnostic performance in the identification of MIAC or intra-amniotic inflammation. Selection from among these three tests (MR score, IL-6 and MMP-8) for diagnostic purposes should be based on factors such as availability, reproducibility, and cost. The MR score requires a protein chip and a SELDI-TOF instrument which are not widely available or considered "state of the art". In contrast, immunoassays for IL-6 can be performed in the majority of clinical laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Nicholas Kadar
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI
| | - Jezid Miranda
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Steven J. Korzeniewski
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Alyse G. Schwartz
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Piya Chaemsaithong
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Wade Rogers
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Eleazar Soto
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Francesca Gotsch
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI
- Integrata Verona, Ostetricia Ginecologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Verona, Italy
| | - Lami Yeo
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Sonia S. Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Rogers CI, Oxborrow JB, Anderson RR, Tsai LF, Nordin GP, Woolley AT. Microfluidic Valves Made From Polymerized Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2014; 191:10.1016/j.snb.2013.10.008. [PMID: 24357897 PMCID: PMC3864702 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Pneumatically actuated, non-elastomeric membrane valves fabricated from polymerized polyethylene glycol diacrylate (poly-PEGDA) have been characterized for temporal response, valve closure, and long-term durability. A ~100 ms valve opening time and a ~20 ms closure time offer valve operation as fast as 8 Hz with potential for further improvement. Comparison of circular and rectangular valve geometries indicates that the surface area for membrane interaction in the valve region is important for valve performance. After initial fabrication, the fluid pressure required to open a closed circular valve is ~50 kPa higher than the control pressure holding the valve closed. However, after ~1000 actuations to reconfigure polymer chains and increase elasticity in the membrane, the fluid pressure required to open a valve becomes the same as the control pressure holding the valve closed. After these initial conditioning actuations, poly-PEGDA valves show considerable robustness with no change in effective operation after 115,000 actuations. Such valves constructed from non-adsorptive poly-PEGDA could also find use as pumps, for application in small volume assays interfaced with biosensors or impedance detection, for example.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chad I. Rogers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602
| | - Joseph B. Oxborrow
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - Ryan R. Anderson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - Long-Fang Tsai
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - Gregory P. Nordin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - Adam T. Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: 801-422-1701.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
van Os M, van der Ven J, Kazemier B, Haak M, Pajkrt E, Mol BW, de Groot C. Individualizing the risk for preterm birth: an overview of the literature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/17474108.2013.825481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|