1
|
Calcagno M, Serra P, Etrusco A, Margioula-Siarkou C, Terzic S, Giannini A, Garzon S, Ferrari F, Dellino M, Laganà AS. A bitter pill to swallow: adjustments to oral contraceptive pill use in polycystic ovary syndrome. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2024; 25:1137-1143. [PMID: 38904185 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2371977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This Special Report aims to highlight the importance of tailored therapies in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), avoiding prescribing generalized or unsuitable therapies based on oral contraceptive pills (OCPs). AREAS COVERED This article discusses the benefits and risks of OCP-based therapy, highlighting the possible undesirable effects, especially in those patients exhibiting risk factors as women with PCOS, and the importance of carefully evaluated tailored therapeutic approaches. Literature searches were performed with the use of PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science between January and February 2024. EXPERT OPINION Considering the recent re-analysis of PCOS Rotterdam Criteria by the Expert Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research, and on PCOS (EGOI-PCOS), the traditional Rotterdam phenotypes can be reclassified to achieve more efficacious therapy choices. Using personalized therapies that consider the specific clinical characteristics of the patient allows to improve the management of the syndrome, thus avoiding the generalized use of OCPs, which risk treating only symptoms of PCOS rather than the underlying cause. In cases when contraceptive purpose is desired, patients may benefit from combined therapy with diet or insulin-sensitizer agents, as inositol, to rebalance the metabolic profile, thus reducing the risk of developing future complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Calcagno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Santo Spirito Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Serra
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Paolo Giaccone" Hospital, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Etrusco
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Paolo Giaccone" Hospital, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Sanja Terzic
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Andrea Giannini
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Gynecology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Garzon
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics, and Gynecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Ferrari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Miriam Dellino
- 1st Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Paolo Giaccone" Hospital, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research, and on PCOS, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Campelia GD, Adashi EY, Amory JK. Shared risk and shared responsibility: the ethics of male contraceptives. Andrology 2024. [PMID: 38639014 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Efforts to develop reversible male contraceptives analogous to female oral contraceptives are underway and may be introduced in the next decade. The advent of novel male contraceptives provides an opportunity for an ethical reformulation of the contraceptive paradigm given the relational, rather than individual, nature of sexual relationships, and family planning. For individuals in any sexual relationship that could result in pregnancy, issues of reproductive autonomy, freedom, equality in reproductive decision-making and risks-both of side effects and of unintended pregnancies-are significant. Historically, however, women have been attributed the greatest responsibilities simultaneously with the most restrictions on their freedom of choice and access to reproductive care. OBJECTIVES In this paper, we extend our prior "shared risk" model of male contraception to one of "shared risk and responsibility" to ethically inform this discourse. CONCLUSIONS This updated framework more fully captures the complexity of this novel technology and may be of use to regulatory and legal agencies grappling with an intervention that poses medical risks to the member of the relationship who does not face risks of becoming pregnant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eli Y Adashi
- Department of Medical Science, Former Dean of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - John K Amory
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Creinin MD, Cagnacci A, Spaczyński RZ, Stute P, Chabbert-Buffet N, Korver T, Simoncini T. Experts' view on the role of oestrogens in combined oral contraceptives: emphasis on oestetrol (E4). Front Glob Womens Health 2024; 5:1395863. [PMID: 38655395 PMCID: PMC11035732 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2024.1395863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The evolution of contraception has been crucial for public health and reproductive well-being. Over the past 60 years, combined oral contraceptives (COCs) have remained an important part of the contraceptive landscape worldwide; continued development has worked toward maintaining efficacy and improving safety. Methods Seven global experts convened to discuss the clinical relevance of the oestrogen in COCs, focusing on the impact of the new oestrogen, oestetrol (E4). Participants then commented through an online forum on the summary content and other participants' feedback. We prepared this report to describe the experts' views, their follow-up from the open forum and the evidence supporting their views. Results Ethinylestradiol (EE) and oestradiol (E2) affect receptors similarly whereas E4 has differential effects, especially in the liver and breast. Adequate oestrogen doses in COCs ensure regular bleeding and user acceptability. EE and E4 have longer half-lives than E2; accordingly, COCs with EE and E4 offer more predictable bleeding than those with E2. Oestrogen type and progestin influence VTE risk; E2 poses a lower risk than EE; although promising, E4/DRSP VTE risk is lacking population-based data. COCs alleviate menstrual symptoms, impact mental health, cognition, libido, skin, and bone health. Conclusion Oestrogens play an important role in the contraceptive efficacy, bleeding patterns, and overall tolerability/safety of COCs. Recent studies exploring E4 combined with DRSP show promising results compared to traditional formulations, but more definitive conclusions await further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. D. Creinin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - A. Cagnacci
- Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, DINOGMI, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - R. Z. Spaczyński
- Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - P. Stute
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - N. Chabbert-Buffet
- Gynécologie—Obstétrique et Médecine de la Reproduction—Maternité, Hospital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - T. Korver
- Reprovision Clinical Consultancy, Oss, Netherlands
| | - T. Simoncini
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gregory S, Booi L, Jenkins N, Bridgeman K, Muniz-Terrera G, Farina FR. Hormonal contraception and risk for cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in young women: a scoping review of the evidence. Front Glob Womens Health 2023; 4:1289096. [PMID: 38025979 PMCID: PMC10679746 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2023.1289096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Women are significantly more likely to develop Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) than men. Suggestions to explain the sex differences in dementia incidence have included the influence of sex hormones with little attention paid to date as to the effect of hormonal contraception on brain health. The aim of this scoping review is to evaluate the current evidence base for associations between hormonal contraceptive use by women and non-binary people in early adulthood and brain health outcomes. Methods A literature search was conducted using EMBASE, Medline and Google Scholar, using the keywords "hormonal contraception" OR "contraception" OR "contraceptive" AND "Alzheimer*" OR "Brain Health" OR "Dementia". Results Eleven papers were identified for inclusion in the narrative synthesis. Studies recruited participants from the UK, USA, China, South Korea and Indonesia. Studies included data from women who were post-menopausal with retrospective data collection, with only one study contemporaneously collecting data from participants during the period of hormonal contraceptive use. Studies reported associations between hormonal contraceptive use and a lower risk of ADRD, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD), better cognition and larger grey matter volume. Some studies reported stronger associations with longer duration of hormonal contraceptive use, however, results were inconsistent. Four studies reported no significant associations between hormonal contraceptive use and measures of brain health, including brain age on MRI scans and risk of AD diagnosis. Discussion Further research is needed on young adults taking hormonal contraceptives, on different types of hormonal contraceptives (other than oral) and to explore intersections between sex, gender, race and ethnicity. Systematic Review Registration https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/MVX63, identifier: OSF.io: 10.17605/OSF.IO/MVX63.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gregory
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Booi
- Memory and Aging Center, Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Dementia Research, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Jenkins
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- School of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Bridgeman
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Graciela Muniz-Terrera
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Francesca R. Farina
- Memory and Aging Center, Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hashemi SJ, Khezri R, Saki N, Nasehi N, Hosseini SA, Harizi M, Rahimi Z. Association between oral contraceptives with lipid profile: results from Hoveyzeh cohort study (HCS). BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:552. [PMID: 37875906 PMCID: PMC10594894 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02703-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral contraceptives (OCs) affect lipid metabolism, which can cause hyperlipidemia, a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The study was designed to evaluate the possible changes in lipid profile due to using OCs. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2016 to August 2018 among women from the baseline phase Hoveyzeh cohort study (HCS). Sociodemographic data, anthropometric measurements, physical activity, and biochemical blood tests were measured for every participant. Multiple logistic regression was used to adjust the potential confounders. RESULTS Among 2272 participants, 1549 women were OC users, and 723 women were non-user OCs. The mean lipid profile levels were higher in OC users than in non-user OCs. Odds of abnormal Total cholesterol (TC) in OC users were significantly higher than those of non-users OCs [OR = 1.29 (95% CI;1.05 to 1.58)]. Also, the Odds of abnormal low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in OC users was 12% higher than in non-user OCs. However, no significant relationship between abnormal LDL with Oral Contraceptive Pills (OCPs) was observed. CONCLUSIONS The mean lipid profile was higher in OC users compared to non-user OCs. This finding highlights the need for public health strategies to prevent and detect hyperlipidemia in user OCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Jalal Hashemi
- Alimentary Tract Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Rozhan Khezri
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Saki
- Hearing Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nahal Nasehi
- Fertility, Infertility, and Perinatology Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Hosseini
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahmood Harizi
- Chamran Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zahra Rahimi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jankie S, Sampath S, Pinto Pereira LM. Contraceptives Are Also Drugs. Cureus 2023; 15:e35563. [PMID: 37007302 PMCID: PMC10065130 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a patient who stated that contraceptives are not drugs. She presented with distressing symptoms of UTI following sexual activity and denied using any medication. Her physician prescribed co-amoxiclav based on her urine culture and sensitivity report, and the patient returned three days later with complete relief of symptoms but complained of vaginal bleeding. The patient then disclosed that her gynaecologist administered a contraceptive injection one month prior for endometriosis. When asked why she did not disclose this information at her previous visit, she responded, "that's not a drug, it is a contraceptive." It is essential to inquire from every woman of childbearing potential if she is currently using contraceptives to enhance patient care and for public health considerations.
Collapse
|
7
|
Swan LE, Vu H, Higgins JA, Bui LM, Malecki K, Green TL. Exploring financial stress and resource deprivation as barriers to preferred contraceptive use in Wisconsin in 2021. Contraception 2022; 115:22-26. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
|
8
|
Moldenhauer LM, Jin M, Wilson JJ, Green ES, Sharkey DJ, Salkeld MD, Bristow TC, Hull ML, Dekker GA, Robertson SA. Regulatory T Cell Proportion and Phenotype Are Altered in Women Using Oral Contraception. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6628694. [PMID: 35786711 PMCID: PMC9354970 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are a specialized CD4+ T cell subpopulation that are essential for immune homeostasis, immune tolerance, and protection against autoimmunity. There is evidence that sex-steroid hormones estrogen and progesterone modulate Treg cell abundance and phenotype in women. Since natural oscillations in these hormones are modified by hormonal contraceptives, we examined whether oral contraception (OC) use impacts Treg cells and related T cell populations. T cells were analyzed by multiparameter flow cytometry in peripheral blood collected across the menstrual cycle from healthy women either using OC or without hormonal contraception and from age-matched men. Compared to naturally cycling women, women using OC had fewer Treg cells and an altered Treg cell phenotype. Notably, Treg cells exhibiting a strongly suppressive phenotype, defined by high FOXP3, CD25, Helios, HLADR, CTLA4, and Ki67, comprised a lower proportion of total Treg cells, particularly in the early- and mid-cycle phases. The changes were moderate compared to more substantial differences in Treg cells between women and men, wherein women had fewer Treg cells-especially of the effector memory Treg cell subset-associated with more T helper type 1 (Th1) cells and CD8+ T cells and lower Treg:Th1 cell and Treg:CD8+ T cell ratios than men. These findings imply that OC can modulate the number and phenotype of peripheral blood Treg cells and raise the possibility that Treg cells contribute to the physiological changes and altered disease susceptibility linked with OC use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jasmine J Wilson
- Robinson Research Institute and School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ella S Green
- Robinson Research Institute and School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - David J Sharkey
- Robinson Research Institute and School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mark D Salkeld
- Robinson Research Institute and School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Thomas C Bristow
- Robinson Research Institute and School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - M Louise Hull
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gustaaf A Dekker
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Division of Women’s Health, Lyell McEwin Hospital, Elizabeth Vale, Australia
| | - Sarah A Robertson
- Correspondence: Sarah A. Robertson, PhD, Robinson Research Institute and the School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Electroacupuncture Treatment for Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.13045/jar.2022.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effectiveness of electroacupuncture treatment for primary dysmenorrhea (PD), a literature review of a randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed where electroacupuncture was used as a treatment intervention in patients diagnosed with PD. Relevant clinical studies (N = 226) were retrieved from multiple databases according to the study inclusion/exclusion criteria, and interventions and outcomes were analyzed. As a result of the review, there were 6 RCTs which met the criteria. In all 4 studies that measured pain indicators (visual analog scales), electroacupuncture showed significantly positive changes. In addition, positive changes were observed in most indicators (MMDQ, PGF2a, PGE2, 6-keto PGF1, TXB2, clinical efficacy score, uterine arterial blood flow parameters, and blood viscosity). 2 studies showed that electroacupuncture had a stronger therapeutic effect than NSAIDs. No major side effects were reported. Electroacupuncture may be an effective and safe treatment for PD however, further RCTs are required.
Collapse
|
10
|
Swan LE, Vu H, Higgins JA, Bui LM, Malecki K, Green TL. Exploring financial stress and resource deprivation as barriers to preferred contraceptive use in Wisconsin in 2021. Contraception 2022; 115:22-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
11
|
Sinha R, Maheshwari S, Gupta P, Roy D, Deepshikha .. Socio-economic Correlates of Body Mass Index, Blood Pressure and Contraceptive Use by Reproductive age-group Females. INDIAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.47203/ijch.2022.v34i02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Oral Contraceptive use, BP and BMI are strongly associated variables in terms of socio economic conditions. Oral Contraceptives are an important and widely accepted contraceptive modality used throughout the world. Aim & Objective: This study aims to examine the effects of socio-economic factors on Body Mass Index (BMI), Blood pressure (BP) and contraceptive use by reproductive age-group females of Uttarakhand. Settings and Design: This study utilizes nationwide data from the Fourth National Family Health Survey (NFHS-IV). Methods and Material: Information was collected from Indian Institute of Population Sciences (IIPS) Mumbai and 17,300 women of Uttarakhand were considered for this study. Statistical analysis used: For inter age-group comparisons of blood pressure, BMI and socio-demographic indicators, analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique has been used. Results: The variation in mean age at menarche was found to be significant (p< 0.01, ANOVA). The numbers of live births over the women's total lifetime were lower in the younger age groups (p<0.01, ANOVA). Conclusions: The important findings of present study were that the use of contraceptive tended to have increased BMI and elevated blood pressure, even though the magnitude of these was little (equal to 4% and 40% respectively).
Collapse
|
12
|
A. Al-Gham M, A. Baothma O, Afzal M, I. Alzarea S, Anwar F, Shahid Nad M, Kazmi I. Levonorgestrel and Desogestrel Modulate Gut Microbiota and Blood Biochemistry of Female Wistar Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.826.841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
13
|
Role of Estrogens in Menstrual Migraine. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081355. [PMID: 35456034 PMCID: PMC9025552 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a major neurological disorder affecting one in nine adults worldwide with a significant impact on health care and socioeconomic systems. Migraine is more prevalent in women than in men, with 17% of all women meeting the diagnostic criteria for migraine. In women, the frequency of migraine attacks shows variations over the menstrual cycle and pregnancy, and the use of combined hormonal contraception (CHC) or hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can unveil or modify migraine disease. In the general population, 18–25% of female migraineurs display a menstrual association of their headache. Here we present an overview on the evidence supporting the role of reproductive hormones, in particular estrogens, in the pathophysiology of migraine. We also analyze the efficacy and safety of prescribing exogenous estrogens as a potential treatment for menstrual-related migraine. Finally, we point to controversial issues and future research areas in the field of reproductive hormones and migraine.
Collapse
|
14
|
Itani R, Soubra L, Karout S, Rahme D, Karout L, Khojah HMJ. Primary Dysmenorrhea: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Updates. Korean J Fam Med 2022; 43:101-108. [PMID: 35320895 PMCID: PMC8943241 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.21.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a common, disregarded, underdiagnosed, and inadequately treated complaint of both young and adult females. It is characterized by painful cramps in the lower abdomen, which start shortly before or at the onset of menses and which could last for 3 days. In particular, PD negatively impacts the quality of life (QOL) of young females and is the main reason behind their absenteeism from school or work. It is suggested that increased intrauterine secretion of prostaglandins F2α and E2 are responsible for the pelvic pain associated with this disorder. Its associated symptoms are physical and/or psychological. Its physical symptoms include headache, lethargy, sleep disturbances, tender breasts, various body pains, disturbed appetite, nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea, and increased urination, whereas its psychological symptoms include mood disturbances, such as anxiety, depression, and irritability. While its diagnosis is based on patients’ history, symptoms, and physical examination, its treatment aims to improve the QOL through the administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hormonal contraceptives, and/or the use of non-pharmacological aids (e.g., topical heat application and exercise). Patients must be monitored to measure their response to treatment, assess their adherence, observe potential side effects, and perform further investigations, if needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rania Itani
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Corresponding Author: Rania Itani https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4316-3224 Tel: +961-70-614-735, Fax: +961-1-300110 Ext: 2627, E-mail:
| | - Lama Soubra
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Samar Karout
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Deema Rahme
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lina Karout
- Department of Radiology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hani M J Khojah
- Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Karout S, Soubra L, Rahme D, Karout L, Khojah HMJ, Itani R. Prevalence, risk factors, and management practices of primary dysmenorrhea among young females. BMC Womens Health 2021; 21:392. [PMID: 34749716 PMCID: PMC8576974 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01532-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is one of the most common gynecological conditions among young females, which has a significant negative impact on health-related quality of life and productivity. Despite its high prevalence, the evidence is limited regarding the management-seeking practices and its perceived effectiveness among females with PD. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study conducted among 550 female students in six universities across Lebanon. The prevalence of PD, associated risk factors, and management-seeking practices were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS The prevalence of PD was 80.9%. Most of the females with PD described their menstrual pain as moderate (56%) to severe (34.6%), which significantly affected their daily activities and studying ability (P < 0.001). The major risk factors associated with PD included heavy menstrual flow (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 10.28), family history of PD (AOR = 2.52), history of weight loss attempt (AOR = 2.05), and medical specialization (AOR = 1.663). Only 36.9% of females with PD sought formal medical advice. Most dysmenorrheic females (76.4%) received medications for the management of PD, and remarkably none of them took hormonal contraceptives. Drugs commonly used for PD were mefenamic acid (26.2%), ibuprofen (25%), and paracetamol (11.5%), which were administered when the pain started (58.2%). All medications were significantly effective in reducing the pain score (P = 0.001), and most NSAIDs were more potent than paracetamol in managing PD (P = 0.001). However, no significant difference in adverse effects among medications was revealed. Moreover, no superiority of any individual NSAID for pain relief was established. Nevertheless, mefenamic acid was associated with the lowest risk of abdominal pain (OR: 0.03, P = 0.005) and the highest risk of flank pain (OR = 12, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Suboptimal management of PD is practiced among university students in Lebanon. Therefore, health care providers should educate dysmenorrheic females to optimize the self-management support of PD. Furthermore, future research is required to investigate females' misconceptions about hormonal contraceptives in the management of PD, aiming to raise awareness and correct misconceptions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samar Karout
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 11-5020, Beirut, 1107 2809, Lebanon
| | - Lama Soubra
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 11-5020, Beirut, 1107 2809, Lebanon
| | - Deema Rahme
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 11-5020, Beirut, 1107 2809, Lebanon
| | - Lina Karout
- Department of Radiology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El-Solh, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Hani M J Khojah
- Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania Itani
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 11-5020, Beirut, 1107 2809, Lebanon.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Agénor M, Pérez AE, Wilhoit A, Almeda F, Charlton BM, Evans ML, Borrero S, Austin SB. Contraceptive Care Disparities Among Sexual Orientation Identity and Racial/Ethnic Subgroups of U.S. Women: A National Probability Sample Study. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2021; 30:1406-1415. [PMID: 34129406 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2020.8992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sexual minority women may use contraception for various reasons but face notable barriers to contraceptive care, including stigma and discrimination. However, studies examining sexual orientation disparities in contraceptive care have largely relied on nonprobability samples of predominately White women and may thus not be generalizable to U.S. women overall or Black and Latina women in particular. Materials and Methods: Using data from the 2006 to 2017 National Survey of Family Growth, a large national probability sample of U.S. women 15-44 years of age (N = 25,473), we used multivariable logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios for receiving a contraceptive method or prescription and contraceptive counseling from a health care provider in the past year among sexual orientation identity and racial/ethnic subgroups of heterosexual, bisexual, and lesbian White, Black, and Latina women relative to White heterosexual women. Results: Among women overall, 33.9% had received contraception and 18.3% had obtained contraceptive counseling. Black (odds ratio [OR] = 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65-0.82) and Latina (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.64-0.82) heterosexual women, White (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.65-0.99) and Black (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.32-0.58) bisexual women, and White (OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.13-0.43), Black (OR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.09-0.40), and Latina (OR = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.03-0.22) lesbian women had significantly lower adjusted odds of receiving contraception compared with White heterosexual women. White (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.15-0.85), Black (OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.18-0.98), and Latina (OR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.09-0.53) lesbian women also had significantly lower adjusted odds of obtaining contraceptive counseling relative to White heterosexual women. Conclusions: Policies, programs, and practices that facilitate access to person-centered contraceptive care among marginalized sexual orientation identity and racial/ethnic subgroups of U.S. women are needed to promote reproductive health equity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madina Agénor
- Department of Community Health, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA.,The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ashley E Pérez
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Amanda Wilhoit
- Department of Community Health, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Florence Almeda
- Department of Community Health, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brittany M Charlton
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Megan L Evans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sonya Borrero
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Women's Health Research and Innovation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Health Equity Research Promotion, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - S Bryn Austin
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Houvèssou GM, Farías-Antúnez S, da Silveira MF. Combined hormonal contraceptives use among women with contraindications according to the WHO criteria: A systematic review. SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTHCARE 2021; 27:100587. [PMID: 33545506 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2020.100587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Combined hormonal contraceptives (CHC), containing estrogen, remain the most popular choice of contraceptive among women. While the method offers many benefits, the use of CHC involves potential health risks. The aim of this study was to analyze the available evidence on the prevalence of CHC use among women with contraindications to their use according to the WHO recommendations (2015). METHODS Pubmed, Lilacs, and Web of Sciences databases were searched. Selection was based on articles that described the use of combined hormonal contraceptives according to the characteristics that are listed as contraindications in WHO medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use. RESULTS A total of 4363 articles were identified and 18 articles were selected for the review. The most prevalent contraindications against use of CHC were systemic arterial hypertension, migraine, and smoking (in women aged 35 years or older). Prevalence rates of contraindications against use of CHC ranged from 5.9% to 41.9%. CONCLUSIONS A high proportion of women still use CHC when contraindicated to do so according to the WHO criteria. Health policies should focus on highlighting the importance of a detailed health evaluation on CHC candidates, to reduce the proportion of inappropriate prescriptions.
Collapse
|
18
|
Jensen MCH, Jørgensen L, Gemzell-Danielsson K, Sundström Poromaa I, Schroll JB. Hormonal contraceptive use and depression. Hippokratia 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Inger Sundström Poromaa
- Women's and Children's Health, Research Group; Reproductive Health; Uppsala University; Hvidovre Denmark
| | - Jeppe B Schroll
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre; Hvidovre Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Alemayehu A, Demissee A, Feleke D, Abdella M. Level and determinants of long-acting family planning utilization among reproductive age women in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia. WOMEN'S HEALTH 2021; 17:17455065211063279. [PMID: 34903118 PMCID: PMC8679018 DOI: 10.1177/17455065211063279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Ethiopia’s population is currently estimated to be 117,814,659 people and
continues to have countries with the highest maternal mortality rates.
Family planning is one of the most effective techniques for lowering mother
and child mortality, in addition to limiting rapid population expansion. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess level and determinants of long-acting
family planning method among reproductive age women in Harar, Eastern
Ethiopia, 2021 Method: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 845 randomly
selected reproductive age women. Data were collected by trained data
collector using pretested structured questionnaire. Data were coded and
entered into Epidata v.3 and analyzed using SPSS v.26 software. Descriptive
statistics, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was
used. Variable with p-value less than 0.05 was declared as statistically
significant. Result: The prevalence of long-acting family planning method was 74.7%, while 53.6%
and 46.4% was from rural and urban, respectively. The mean age of
participants was 28.5 (± 5.6) years. Married women four times (AOR: 4.1; 95%
CI: 1.6, 10.4) more likely to use long-acting family planning method than
single women. Women with educated husband four times (AOR: 4.4; 95% CI: 1.8,
10.6) more likely to use long-acting family planning method than women with
illiterate husband. Conclusion: There is high level of utilization of long-acting family planning. The
women’s marital status, increased education level of husbands, increasing in
age of women, intention to spacing birth, and having less than five children
were found to significantly increase the utilization of long-acting family
planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astawus Alemayehu
- Department of Nursing, Rift Valley University, Harar, Ethiopia
- Department of Public Health, Harar Health Science College, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abebaw Demissee
- Department of Nursing, Rift Valley University, Harar, Ethiopia
- Department of Anesthesia, Harar Health Science College, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Dereje Feleke
- Department of Health Informatics, Harar Health Science College, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Maruf Abdella
- Department of Education, Rift Valley University, Harar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
COMPARATIVE ASPECTS OF PLACENTAL DYSFUNCTION IN WOMEN USING DIFFERENT METHODS OF CONTRACEPTION IN ANAMNESIS. EUREKA: HEALTH SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.21303/2504-5679.2020.001416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim. To reduce the incidence of perinatal pathology in women who have used various methods of contraception, based on the study of the functional state of the fetoplacental complex (FPS), as well as improving diagnostic measures and tactics of pregnancy.
Materials and methods. 140 pregnant women were studied with their division into control and 3 test groups depending on the method of contraception in the anamnesis, using clinical, laboratory and instrumental research methods during pregnancy and childbirth.
Results. The study found that women with a history of intrauterine contraception (IUC), in contrast to combined oral contraception (COC) and combined oral contraception containing folate (COC+F), had a higher incidence of complications during pregnancy and childbirth, as well as fewer newborns with a satisfactory condition at birth. Assessment of folic acid levels at 6-8 weeks of gestation showed significantly better results among women with a history of COC+F, compared with IUC and COC. In the group of women with IUC in the anamnesis, significantly worse mean endocrinological values prevailed, and there was also a greater number of pregnant women with disorders of fetal-placental blood flow. More pronounced dystrophic changes in the placentas of women in this group were pathomorphologically confirmed.
Conclusions. The presence in the anamnesis of IUC is accompanied by a high proportion of pregnant women with various pathological conditions and is a risk factor for FPS dysfunction. The use of COC+F in the anamnesis is the best option for women of different risk groups.
Collapse
|
21
|
Aremu AO, Lilian DC, Olufemi SA, Aderemi OL. Combined but not single treatment with ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel and spironolactone reduces plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in insulin-resistant ovariectomised rats. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2019; 20:1470320319895933. [PMID: 31856649 PMCID: PMC6927203 DOI: 10.1177/1470320319895933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Increased circulating level of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is
associated with menopausal oestrogen deficiency. We therefore hypothesised
that the combined oral contraceptive (COC) with spironolactone (SPL)
improves insulin resistance (IR) in ovariectomised (OVX) rats by reducing
circulating PAI-1. Methods: Twelve-week-old female Wistar rats were divided into sham-operated (SHM),
OVX, OVX+SPL (0.25 mg/kg), COC (1.0 µg ethinylestradiol and 5.0 µg
levonorgestrel) and OVX+COC+SPL rats treated with COC and SPL daily for
eight weeks. IR was assessed by homeostatic model assessment of IR
(HOMA-IR). Results: Data showed that OVX rats had a higher HOMA-IR value that is associated with
increased visceral adiposity, triglycerides (TG), total
cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), TG/HDL-C, plasma
insulin, GSK-3, corticosterone and decreased 17β-oestradiol. However, these
effects were attenuated in OVX+COC, OVX+SPL and OVX+COC+SPL rats compared to
OVX rats. OVX rats had lower PAI-1 than SHM rats, whereas the beneficial
effect on IR and other parameters by COC or SPL was accompanied with
increased PAI-1. Improvement of IR and other parameters with combined COC
and SPL in OVX rats was accompanied with reduced PAI-1. Conclusion: Taken together, COC or SPL improves IR independent of PAI-1, whereas a
combination of COC and SPL in OVX rats ameliorates IR in a PAI-1-dependent
manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adeyanju Oluwaseun Aremu
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team and Department of Physiology, University of Ilorin, Nigeria.,Cardiometabolic Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Nigeria
| | - Dibia Chinaza Lilian
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team and Department of Physiology, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Soladoye Ayodele Olufemi
- Cardiometabolic Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Health sciences, Bowen University, Nigeria
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Olaniyi KS, Olatunji LA. Oral ethinylestradiol–levonorgestrel normalizes fructose-induced hepatic lipid accumulation and glycogen depletion in female rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:1042-1052. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of oral ethinylestradiol–levonorgestrel (EEL) on hepatic lipid and glycogen contents during high fructose (HF) intake, and determined whether pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK-4) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity were involved in HF and (or) EEL-induced hepatic dysmetabolism. Female Wistar rats weighing 140–160 g were divided into groups. The control, EEL, HF, and EEL+HF groups received water (vehicle, p.o.), 1.0 μg ethinylestradiol plus 5.0 μg levonorgestrel (p.o.), fructose (10% w/v), and EEL plus HF, respectively, on a daily basis for 8 weeks. Results revealed that treatment with EEL or HF led to insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, increased hepatic uric acid production and triglyceride content, reduced glycogen content, and reduced production of plasma or hepatic glutathione- and G6PD-dependent antioxidants. HF but not EEL also increased fasting glucose and hepatic PDK-4. Nonetheless, these alterations were attenuated by EEL in HF-treated rats. Our results demonstrate that hepatic lipid accumulation and glycogen depletion induced by HF is accompanied by increased PDK-4 and defective G6PD activity. The findings also suggest that EEL would attenuate hepatic lipid accumulation and glycogen depletion by suppression of PDK-4 and enhancement of a G6PD-dependent antioxidant barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde Samuel Olaniyi
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team & Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Lawrence Aderemi Olatunji
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team & Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nelson AL. Comprehensive overview of the recently FDA-approved contraceptive vaginal ring releasing segesterone acetate and ethinylestradiol: A new year-long, patient controlled, reversible birth control method. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2019; 12:953-963. [DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2019.1669448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anita L. Nelson
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, University Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Research Division, Essential Access Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nelson AL, Shabaik S, Xandre P, Kakaiya R, Awaida J, Mellon M, Schiller A, Stohl HE. Perceptions of health risks associated with pregnancy compared to oral contraceptive use. Contraception 2019; 100:193-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
25
|
Baker SE, Limberg JK, Dillon GA, Curry TB, Joyner MJ, Nicholson WT. Aging Alters the Relative Contributions of the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System to Blood Pressure Control in Women. Hypertension 2019; 72:1236-1242. [PMID: 30354803 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Autonomic support of blood pressure increases with age in humans. Large differences exist in the dose of trimethaphan (TMP) required for ganglionic blockade in young and older women. We asked whether differences in the dose of TMP required to achieve ganglionic blockade are because of differences in the relative contributions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system in control of blood pressure with age. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (microneurography, peroneal nerve), heart rate (HR), and blood pressure were recorded before and during incremental doses of TMP camsylate until ganglionic blockade was achieved (absence of muscle sympathetic nerve activity and <5-bpm increase in HR during a valsalva maneuver; final TMP dose, 1-7 mg/min). HR variability was analyzed from the ECG waveform (WinCPRS). The dose of TMP required to achieve ganglionic blockade is positively related to basal HR variability, where women with high HR variability require a higher dose of TMP to achieve ganglionic blockade. In contrast, baseline muscle sympathetic nerve activity is inversely related with the dose of TMP required to achieve ganglionic blockade, such that women with high basal muscle sympathetic nerve activity required a lower dose of TMP. As such, the change in HR with ganglionic blockade was positively related, and the change in mean arterial pressure was inversely related, with the dose of TMP required to achieve ganglionic blockade. These data suggest loss of parasympathetic tone and increased sympathetic tone with aging contribute to the increase in blood pressure with age in women and dictate the dose of TMP that is necessary to achieve ganglionic blockade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Baker
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | - Timothy B Curry
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Michael J Joyner
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Perimenopause, or the menopausal transition, represents a period of time during which newly arising symptoms can present complex management decisions for providers. Many women present to care with complaints of hot flashes, vaginal and sexual changes, altered mood and sleep, and changing bleeding patterns. The effect of these symptoms on quality of life, even before a woman enters menopause, can be significant. The appropriate evaluation and evidence-based management of women in this transition is reviewed in this article. Two case vignettes are used to highlight certain evaluation and treatment challenges.
Collapse
|
27
|
van Aerts RMM, Kievit W, de Jong ME, Ahn C, Bañales JM, Reiterová J, Nevens F, Drenth JPH. Severity in polycystic liver disease is associated with aetiology and female gender: Results of the International PLD Registry. Liver Int 2019; 39:575-582. [PMID: 30225933 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Polycystic liver disease (PLD) occurs in two genetic disorders, autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and autosomal-dominant polycystic liver disease (ADPLD). The aim of this study is to compare disease severity between ADPKD and ADPLD by determining the association between diagnosis and height-adjusted total liver volume (hTLV). METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis with hTLV as endpoint. Patients were identified from the International PLD Registry (>10 liver cysts) and included in our analysis when PLD diagnosis was made prior to September 2017, hTLV was available before volume-reducing therapy (measured on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging) and when patients were tertiary referred. Data from the registry were retrieved for age, diagnosis (ADPKD or ADPLD), gender, height and hTLV. RESULTS A total of 360 patients (ADPKD n = 241; ADPLD n = 119) met our inclusion criteria. Female ADPKD patients had larger hTLV compared with ADPLD (P = 0.008). In a multivariate regression analysis, ADPKD and lower age at index CT were independently associated with larger hTLV in females, whereas in males a higher age was associated with larger hTLV. Young females (≤51 years) had larger liver volumes compared with older females (>51 years) in ADPKD. CONCLUSION Aetiology is presented as a new risk factor associated with PLD severity. Young females with ADPKD represent a subgroup of PLD patients with the most severe phenotype expressed in hTLV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- René M M van Aerts
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wietske Kievit
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel E de Jong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Curie Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jesús M Bañales
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute-Donostia University Hospital, IKERBASQUE, CIBERehd, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jana Reiterová
- Department of Nephrology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frederik Nevens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joost P H Drenth
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition protects the liver of insulin-resistant female rats against triglyceride accumulation by suppressing uric acid. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 110:869-877. [PMID: 30557836 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition has been shown to exert beneficial effects against insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes. Combined oral contraceptive (COC) treatment is associated with impaired glucose and lipid metabolism but the mechanisms are elusive. We therefore, hypothesized that DPP-4 inhibition ameliorates COC-induced glucose dysregulation and hepatic triglyceride (TG) accumulation through adenosine deaminase (ADA) /xanthine oxidase (XO) /uric acid-dependent pathway. Female Wistar rats received (po) vehicle and COC (1.0 μg ethinylestradiol plus 5.0 μg levonorgestrel; po) with or without DPP-4 inhibitor (sitagliptin; 100 mg/kg; po) for 8 weeks (n = 6/group). Glucose dysmetabolism was assessed by elevated fasting blood glucose, impaired oral glucose tolerance test and homeostatic model assessment of IR. Treatment with COC led to increased plasma fasting glucose, triglyceride-glucose index, 1-h postload glucose response, insulin, free fatty acid, IR and impaired glucose tolerance. COC treatment also resulted in increased plasma and hepatic TG, TG/HDL-cholesterol ratio, malondialdehyde, uric acid (plasma; 25.2 ± 0.6 mg/dl; hepatic 128.9 ± 8.0 mg/100 mg tissue), lactate dehydrogenase, DPP-4, ADA and XO (plasma;10.5 ± 1.1 U/L; hepatic 21.2 ± 1.4 U/g protein) activities. Likewise, COC led to reduction in nitric oxide level. However, DPP-4 inhibition significantly ameliorated these alterations induced by COC treatment through suppression of uric acid (plasma; 15.1 ± 1.0 mg/dl, hepatic; 75.6 ± 5.0 mg/100 mg tissue), XO (plasma; 4.1 ± 0.9 U/L, hepatic; 8.7 ± 0.4 U/g protein), ADA and DPP-4 activities suggesting their involvement in glucose dysregulation and hepatic TG accumulation induced by COC treatment. Therefore, DPP-4 inhibition would impact positively on cardiometabolic disorders, at least in part, through XO, ADA and uric acid suppression.
Collapse
|
29
|
Olaniyi KS, Olatunji LA. Oral ethinylestradiol-levonorgestrel attenuates cardiac glycogen and triglyceride accumulation in high fructose female rats by suppressing pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 392:89-101. [PMID: 30276420 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1568-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fructose (FRU) intake has increased dramatically in recent decades with a corresponding increased incidence of insulin resistance (IR), particularly in young adults. The use of oral ethinylestradiol-levonorgestrel (EEL) formulation is also common among young women worldwide. The present study aimed at determining the effect of EEL on high fructose-induced cardiac triglyceride (TG) and glycogen accumulation. The study also investigated the possible involvement of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK-4) in EEL and/or high fructose metabolic effects on the heart. Ten-week-old female Wistar rats were allotted into four groups. The control, EEL, FRU, and EEL + FRU rats received distilled water (vehicle, p.o.), 1.0 μg ethinylestradiol plus 5.0 μg levonorgestrel (p.o.), 10% fructose (w/v), and 1.0 μg ethinylestradiol plus 5.0 μg levonorgestrel and 10% fructose, respectively, daily for 8 weeks. Data showed that EEL or high fructose caused IR' impaired glucose tolerance' hyperlipidemia' increased plasma lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, PDK-4, uric acid, xanthine oxidase (XO), adenosine deaminase (ADA), malondialdehyde (MDA), cardiac uric acid, TG, TG/HDL- cholesterol, glycogen synthesis, MDA, and visceral fat content and reduced glutathione. High fructose also resulted in impaired pancreatic β-cell function, hyperglycemia, and increased cardiac PDK-4, lactate synthesis, and mass. Nonetheless, these alterations were ameliorated in EEL plus high fructose rats. This study demonstrates that high fructose-induced myocardial TG and glycogen accumulation is attributable to increased PDK-4. Besides, EEL could be a useful pharmacological utility for protection against cardiac dysmetabolism by inhibiting PDK-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde Samuel Olaniyi
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team & Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, 240001, Nigeria
| | - Lawrence Aderemi Olatunji
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team & Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, 240001, Nigeria.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lete I, Calleja J, Pérez-Campos E, de la Viuda E, Lertxundi R, Martínez M, Quesada M, Sánchez-Borrego R. Cross-sectional evaluation of the impact of information on flexible extended regimens of oral contraceptives in the choices made by women seeking contraceptive counselling: the FLEXO study. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2018; 23:260-264. [PMID: 30203678 DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2018.1493099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) are available that limit the number of menses when used in a flexible extended regimen. Our aim was to investigate the decision-making processes of women presented with a flexible extended CHC option. METHODS The FLEXO study is an epidemiological, cross-sectional, multicentre study conducted under typical clinical practice conditions to determine women's acceptance of a flexible continuous CHC regimen versus a cyclical 21/7 day regimen, after receiving standardised information during contraceptive counselling. RESULTS A total of 1350 women were invited to participate, of whom 1156 were enrolled. Of these, 47.2% chose the flexible extended CHC regimen. Their main reason for choosing this regimen was to reduce the number of menses (25.7%), followed by the desire to avoid symptoms related to menstruation (21.6%). The reasons given for rejecting this regimen were the desire to have monthly menstrual cycles (24.9%) and the fear of becoming pregnant and not being aware of it due to the absence of menstruation (18.1%). CONCLUSION Many women chose the extended flexible regimen when they received information about this option. Women primarily chose this pattern to relieve or eliminate discomfort related to menstruation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki Lete
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , University Hospital of Araba , Vitoria-Gasteiz , Spain
| | | | - Ezequiel Pérez-Campos
- c Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Associated University Hospital of Requena , Requena , Spain
| | - Esther de la Viuda
- d Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , University Hospital of Guadalajara , Guadalajara , Spain
| | | | - Mercedes Martínez
- f Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Hospital Virgen Macarena , Seville , Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Casey MJ, Salzman TA. Reducing the Risk of Gynecologic Cancer in Hereditary Breast Ovarian Cancer Syndrome Mutation Carriers: Moral Dilemmas and the Principle of Double Effect. LINACRE QUARTERLY 2018; 85:225-240. [PMID: 30275608 PMCID: PMC6161234 DOI: 10.1177/0024363918788340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary breast ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease linked to mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in 90 percent of affected families. Female mutation carriers are highly susceptible to aggressive, often disseminated, usually fatal pelvic-abdominal carcinomatosis. This cancer risk can be markedly reduced by surgical removal of the internal gynecologic organs before the end of the fourth decade of life and by using estrogen-progestin formulations marketed for many years as combined oral contraceptives (COCs). Both risk-reducing methods are associated with unfavorable effects. Relying on the principle of double effect, this essay argues for the ethical justification of prophylactic surgery and the use of COC to reduce the risk of gynecologic cancer in HBOC syndrome mutation carriers. Summary: Hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease linked to mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in most affected families. Female mutation carriers are highly susceptible to aggressive, often disseminated, usually fatal pelvic-abdominal carcinomatosis. This cancer risk can be markedly reduced by surgical removal of the internal gynecologic organs before the end of the fourth decade of life and by using estrogen-progestin formulations marketed for many years as combined oral contraceptives. Both risk-reducing methods are associated with unfavorable effects. Relying on the principle of double effect, this essay argues for the ethical justification for those unfavorable effects.
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Long-acting reversible contraception—intrauterine devices and contraceptive implants—offers the highest protection against unintended pregnancies. In addition, the use of reversible hormonal contraception has added health benefits for women in both the short and the long term. This review will give an overview of the benefits of reversible contraception as well as an evidence-based recommendation on how it should be used to benefit women the most.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Kopp Kallner
- Department of Clinical Sciences at Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
van Aerts RMM, van de Laarschot LFM, Banales JM, Drenth JPH. Clinical management of polycystic liver disease. J Hepatol 2018; 68:827-837. [PMID: 29175241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A 41-year old female underwent a computed tomography (CT) scan in 2010 because of symptoms suggestive of appendicitis. Incidentally, multiple liver lesions characterised as cysts were detected. The presence of small to medium sized liver cysts (diameter between <1 cm and 4 cm) in all liver segments (>100 cysts) and absence of kidney cysts in the context of normal renal function led to the clinical diagnosis of autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease (ADPLD). Five years later she was referred to the outpatient clinic with increased abdominal girth, pain in the right upper abdomen and right flank, and early satiety. She had difficulties bending over and could neither cut her toenails nor tie her shoe laces. In her early twenties she had used oral contraception for five years. She has been pregnant twice. Clinical examination showed an enlarged liver reaching into the right pelvic region and crossing the midline of the abdomen. Laboratory testing demonstrated increased gamma-glutamyl transferase (80 IU/L, normal <40 IU/L) and alkaline phosphatase (148 IU/L, normal <100 IU/L) levels. Bilirubin, albumin and coagulation times were within the normal range. A new CT scan in 2015 was compatible with an increased number and size of liver cysts. The diameter of cysts varied between <1 cm and 6 cm (anatomic distribution shown [Fig. 2B]). There were no signs of hepatic venous outflow obstruction, portal hypertension or compression on the biliary tract. Height-adjusted total liver volume (htTLV) increased from 2,667 ml/m in 2012 to 4,047 ml/m in 2015 (height 172 cm). The case we present here is not uncommon, and prompts several relevant questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- René M M van Aerts
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jesus M Banales
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute - Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), IKERBASQUE, CIBERehd, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Joost P H Drenth
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ballantyne PJ, Norris P, Parachuru VP, Thomson WM. Becoming a 'pharmaceutical person': Medication use trajectories from age 26 to 38 in a representative birth cohort from Dunedin, New Zealand. SSM Popul Health 2018; 4:37-44. [PMID: 29349271 PMCID: PMC5769117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the abundance of medications available for human consumption, and frequent concerns about increasing medicalization or pharmaceuticalization of everyday life, there is little research investigating medicines-use in young and middle-aged populations and discussing the implications of young people using increasing numbers of medicines and becoming pharmaceutical users over time. We use data from a New Zealand longitudinal study to examine changes in self-reported medication use by a complete birth cohort of young adults. Details of medications taken during the previous two weeks at age 38 are compared to similar data collected at ages 32 and 26, and by gender. Major drug categories are examined. General use profiles and medicine-types are considered in light of our interest in understanding the formation of the young and middle-aging 'pharmaceutical person' - where one's embodied experience is frequently and normally mediated by pharmaceutical interventions having documented benefit/risk outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peri J. Ballantyne
- Department of Sociology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Canada, K9L 0G2
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Pauline Norris
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Room 505a, Fifth Floor, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | | | - W. Murray Thomson
- School of Dentistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Xu Z, Yue Y, Bai J, Shen C, Yang J, Huang X, Zhao Y, Li Y. Association between oral contraceptives and risk of hemorrhagic stroke: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2018; 297:1181-1191. [PMID: 29460112 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-018-4723-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the risk of hemorrhagic stroke associated with current use of oral contraceptives (OCs), and to further depict how the risk was affected by study characteristics. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for relevant articles published up to February 2017 that examined the association between OC use and risk of hemorrhagic stroke. Two investigators independently reviewed articles based on inclusion criteria. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was employed to evaluate quality of studies. Random-effects meta-analysis model was used to generate summary risk estimates. RESULTS Fifteen independent studies (5 cohort studies and 10 case-control studies) with 4271 hemorrhagic stroke cases were included in this meta-analysis. The overall summary odds ratio (OR) for hemorrhagic stroke (HS) in relation to current OC use was 1.39 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05-1.83]. Subgroup analyses on hemorrhagic stroke types showed that OC use was associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) (OR 1.68; 95% CI 1.21-2.12), but not with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) (OR 0.92; 95% CI 0.33-2.54). The risk of hemorrhagic stroke was increased slightly among current OC users with high-dose estrogen (OR 1.60; 95% CI 1.12-2.27). The risk of hemorrhagic stroke was further increased in OC users with additional risk factors including current smoking, hypertension, and history of migraine. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis of observational studies suggests that current use of OCs could contribute to a small increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke, and the increased risk is related to subarachnoid hemorrhage, but not intracerebral hemorrhage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlin Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101, Longmiandadao, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Hohai University Hospital, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yuanping Yue
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101, Longmiandadao, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jianling Bai
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101, Longmiandadao, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Chong Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101, Longmiandadao, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Hohai University Hospital, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- Pukou Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing City, 72 Pudong Road, Nanjing, 210031, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101, Longmiandadao, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101, Longmiandadao, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Isono W, Wada-Hiraike O, Kawamura Y, Fujii T, Osuga Y, Kurihara H. Administration of Oral Contraceptives Could Alleviate Age-Related Fertility Decline Possibly by Preventing Ovarian Damage in a Mouse Model. Reprod Sci 2017; 25:1413-1423. [PMID: 29237349 DOI: 10.1177/1933719117746758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Age-related fertility decline is hypothesized to occur mainly by the spontaneous exhaustion and deterioration of the ovarian follicle, and the accumulation of ovarian tissue damage resulting from the ovulation cycle may play roles in the process. In this study, we hypothesized that suppressing ovulation would exert protective effects against age-related fertility decline. To test this hypothesis, we established a mouse model in which oral contraceptives (OCs) were administered daily. Female C57BL/6N mice were administered OCs daily from the age of 2 months to 12 months as an ovulation suppression mouse model. Mouse fecundity was investigated by counting oocyte number after ovarian stimulation and by examining live fetuses after mating. We found that compared with control mice administered vehicle alone, 12-month-old mice administered 2-fold dose OCs used for treating humans exhibited a significantly greater average oocyte number after ovarian stimulation (8.5 ± 0.6 vs 5.9 ± 0.6, P < .01). In addition, spontaneous conception with living fetuses after mating was strikingly increased in 12-month-old mice administered OCs relative to controls (6.0 ± 1.2 vs 0.4 ± 0.3, P < .01). In the histological examination of mouse ovarian tissues, we did not detect a significant difference in ovarian follicle number, but reduced amount of brownish foamy fibrous tissues, which might reflect ovarian tissue damage, was detected in aged mice administered OCs. These results suggest the possibility that long-term OC administration might alleviate age-related fertility decline, and the improvement mechanism could be attributed to the prevention of ovarian tissue damage by suppressing ovulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Isono
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,2 Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Wada-Hiraike
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kawamura
- 2 Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujii
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurihara
- 2 Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Armbruster D, Kirschbaum C, Strobel A. The not-so-bitter pill: Effects of combined oral contraceptives on peripheral physiological indicators of emotional reactivity. Horm Behav 2017; 94:97-105. [PMID: 28676251 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Combined oral contraceptives (COC) are used by millions of women worldwide. Although findings are not entirely consistent, COC have been found to impact on brain function and, thus, to modulate affective processes. Here, we investigated electro-physiological responses to emotional stimuli in free cycling women in both the early follicular and late luteal phase as well as in COC users. Skin conductance response (SCR), startle reflex, corrugator and zygomaticus activity were assessed. COC users showed reduced overall startle magnitude and SCR amplitude, but heightened overall zygomaticus activity, although effect sizes were small. Thus, COC users displayed reduced physiological reactions indicating negative affect and enhanced physiological responses signifying positive affect. In free cycling women, endogenous 17β-estradiol levels were associated with fear potentiated startle in both cycle phases as well as with SCR and zygomaticus activity during the follicular phase. Testosterone was associated with corrugator and zygomaticus activity during the luteal phase, while progesterone levels correlated with corrugator activity in the follicular phase. To the contrary, in COC users, endogenous hormones were not associated with electro-physiological measures. The results further underscore the importance of considering COC use in psychophysiological studies on emotional processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Armbruster
- Personality and Individual Differences, Institute of Psychology I, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Clemens Kirschbaum
- Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology I, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Strobel
- Personality and Individual Differences, Institute of Psychology I, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Liu H, Yao J, Wang W, Zhang D. Association between duration of oral contraceptive use and risk of hypertension: A meta-analysis. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2017; 19:1032-1041. [DOI: 10.1111/jch.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics; Qingdao University Medical College; Qingdao China
| | - Jie Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics; Qingdao University Medical College; Qingdao China
| | - Weijing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics; Qingdao University Medical College; Qingdao China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics; Qingdao University Medical College; Qingdao China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Olatunji LA, Olaniyi KS, Usman TO, Abolarinwa BA, Achile CJ, Kim IK. Combined oral contraceptive and nitric oxide synthesis inhibition synergistically causes cardiac hypertrophy and exacerbates insulin resistance in female rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 52:54-61. [PMID: 28376377 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Combined oral contraceptive (COC) use or inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis has been shown to cause hypertension and insulin resistance. However, the concomitant effects of COC and NO deficiency on the heart and glucose regulation are not well known. We therefore hypothesized that COC treatment during NO deficiency would lead to the development of cardiac hypertrophy that is associated with aggravated glucose deregulation, pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic biomarkers. Eight-week-old female Wistar rats were randomly allotted into control, NO deficient (NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester: L-NAME; 20.0mg/kg b.w.), COC-treated (1.0μg ethinylestradiol+5.0μg levonorgestrel, p.o) and L-NAME+COC-treated groups. The animals were treated daily for 6 weeks. Systolic blood pressure was estimated by tail-cuff plethysmography, insulin resistance (IR) and β-cell function were estimated by homeostatic model of assessment (HOMA-IR and HOMA-β). Pro-inflammatory (C-reactive protein; CRP and uric acid) and pro-fibrotic (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; PAI-1) biomarkers were estimated in the plasma. Cardiac histological examination was also done. Results show that COC or L-NAME treatments led to increased blood pressure, HOMA-IR, impaired β-cell function, PAI-1, CRP and uric acid, without significant effect on cardiac mass. L-NAME+COC-treated group had significantly higher blood pressure, HOMA-IR, impaired β-cell function, PAI-1, CRP and cardiac mass than COC- or L-NAME-treated groups. Histological examination validated that COC use during NO deficiency causes cardiac hypertrophy. The present study demonstrates that COC treatment and NO deficiency synergistically causes cardiac hypertrophy that is associated with aggravated glucose deregulation, atherogenic dyslipidemia, pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence A Olatunji
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - Kehinde S Olaniyi
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Taofeek O Usman
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Cardiovascular Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Bilikis A Abolarinwa
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Caleb J Achile
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - In-Kyeom Kim
- Department of Pharmacology & Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-842, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
Vera N, Patel N, Cardwell LA, Saleem M, Feldman SR. Chemical pharmacotherapy options for managing adult acne. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2017; 18:263-273. [PMID: 28081648 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2017.1282460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The incidence of adult acne is increasing worldwide. Despite clinical overlap with conventional acne, it has distinct features. Areas covered: A literature search of English-language review articles, randomized control studies and retrospective studies conducted over the past 30 years was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar. Search terms included acne, adult, topical medication, oral medication and skin of color. We highlight important clinical features and treatment modalities pertinent to the evaluation and management of adult acne. Given the relative dearth of literature detailing treatment options specific to adult acne, we offer expert opinion regarding management of the condition especially in special populations such as skin of color and pregnancy. Expert Opinion: It is unclear whether adult acne represents a distinct entity or a continuum of adolescent disease. Providers may opt to use topical medication as first-line, but should have a low threshold for switching to systemic therapy given the magnitude of psychosocial and emotional burden associated with the condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Vera
- a Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , NC , USA
| | - Nupur Patel
- a Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , NC , USA
| | - Leah A Cardwell
- a Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , NC , USA
| | - Mohammed Saleem
- a Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , NC , USA
| | - Steven R Feldman
- a Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , NC , USA.,b Department of Pathology , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , NC , USA.,c Department of Public Health Sciences , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , NC , USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Corrêa DAS, Felisbino-Mendes MS, Mendes MS, Malta DC, Velasquez-Melendez G. Factors associated with the contraindicated use of oral contraceptives in Brazil. Rev Saude Publica 2017; 51:1. [PMID: 28099550 PMCID: PMC5260930 DOI: 10.1590/s1518-8787.2017051006113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of the contraindicated use of oral contraceptives and the associated factors in Brazilian women. METHODS 20,454 women who answered the VIGITEL survey in 2008 also participated in this study, of which 3,985 reported using oral contraceptives. We defined the following conditions for the contraindicated use of contraceptives: hypertension; cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack, stroke/cerebrovascular accident; diabetes mellitus; being smoker and 35 years old or older. We estimated the prevalence and 95% confidence intervals of contraindicated use in users of oral contraceptives and the factors associated with contraindication by prevalence ratio and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS In the total population, 21% (95%CI 19.7-21.9) of women showed some contraindication to the use of oral contraceptives, of which 11.7% (95%CI 10.6-13.7) belonged to the group of users of oral contraceptives. The most frequent contraindication in users of oral contraceptives was hypertension (9.1%). The largest proportion of women with at least one contraindication was aged between 45 and 49 years (45.8%) and with education level between zero and eight years (23.8%). The prevalence of contraindication to oral contraceptives was higher in women less educated (zero to eight years of study) (PR = 2.46; 95%CI 1.57-3.86; p < 0.05) and with age between 35-44 years (PR = 4.00; 95%CI 2.34-6.83) and 45-49 years (PR = 5.59; 95%CI 2.90-10.75). CONCLUSIONS Age greater than or equal to 35 and low education level were demographic and iniquity factors, respectively, in the contraindicated use of oral contraceptives. OBJETIVO Estimar a prevalência de contraindicação ao uso de anticoncepcionais orais e os fatores associados em mulheres brasileiras. MÉTODOS Participaram 20.454 mulheres que responderam ao inquérito Vigitel em 2008, das quais 3.985 reportaram uso de contraceptivos orais. Definiu-se como uso contraindicado de anticoncepcionais quando presente pelo menos uma condição: hipertensão; doenças cardiovasculares como infarto, derrame/acidente vascular encefálico; diabetes mellitus; ser tabagista e ter idade igual ou maior de 35 anos. Foram estimadas as prevalências e intervalos de 95% de confiança de uso contraindicado em usuárias de anticoncepcionais orais e fatores associados à contraindicação por meio de razões de prevalência e intervalos de 95% de confiança. RESULTADOS Na população total, 21,0% (IC95% 19,7-21,9) das mulheres apresentaram alguma contraindicação ao uso de anticoncepcionais orais, das quais 11,7% (IC95% 10,6-13,7) pertenciam ao grupo de usuárias de anticoncepcionais orais. A contraindicação mais freqüente entre as usuárias de anticoncepcionais orais foi hipertensão (9,1%). A maior proporção de mulheres com pelo menos uma contraindicação tinha entre 45 a 49 anos (45,8%) e escolaridade entre zero e oito (23,8%). A prevalência de contraindicação de anticoncepcionais orais foi maior nas mulheres menos escolarizadas (zero a oito anos de estudos) (RP = 2,46; IC95% 1,57-3,86; p < 0,05) e idade entre 35-44 anos (RP = 4,00; IC95% 2,34-6,83) e 45-49 anos (RP = 5,59; IC95% 2,90-10,75). CONCLUSÕES Idade maior ou igual a 35 e escolaridade baixa foram fatores demográficos e de iniquidade, respectivamente, no uso contraindicado de contraceptivos orais.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Aparecida Silva Corrêa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem. Escola de Enfermagem. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Mariana Santos Felisbino-Mendes
- Departamento de Enfermagem Materno-Infantil e Saúde Pública. Escola de Enfermagem. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Mayara Santos Mendes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem. Escola de Enfermagem. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Deborah Carvalho Malta
- Departamento de Enfermagem Materno-Infantil e Saúde Pública. Escola de Enfermagem. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez
- Departamento de Enfermagem Materno-Infantil e Saúde Pública. Escola de Enfermagem. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Baker SE, Limberg JK, Ranadive SM, Joyner MJ. Neurovascular control of blood pressure is influenced by aging, sex, and sex hormones. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R1271-R1275. [PMID: 27856414 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00288.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we highlight that the relationship between muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and mean arterial pressure is complex, differs by sex, and changes with age. In young men there is an inverse relationship between MSNA and cardiac output where high MSNA is compensated for by low cardiac output. This inverse relationship is not seen in older men. In young women sympathetic vasoconstriction is offset by β-adrenoreceptor mediated vasodilation, limiting the ability of young women to maintain blood pressure in response to orthostatic stress. However, β-mediated dilation in women is attenuated with age, leading to unopposed α-adrenergic vasoconstriction and a rise in the direct transduction of MSNA into increases in blood pressure. We propose that these changes with age and menopausal status are major contributing factors in the increased prevalence of hypertension in older women. In addition to aging, we highlight that changes in sex hormones in young women (across the menstrual cycle, with oral contraceptive use, or with pregnancy) influence MSNA and the transduction of MSNA into increases in blood pressure. It is likely that the β-adrenergic receptors and/or changes in baroreflex sensitivity play a large role in these sex differences and changes with alterations in sex hormones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Baker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Limberg JK, Peltonen GL, Johansson RE, Harrell JW, Kellawan JM, Eldridge MW, Sebranek JJ, Walker BJ, Schrage WG. Greater Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Mediated Vasodilation in Women Using Oral Contraceptives. Front Physiol 2016; 7:215. [PMID: 27375493 PMCID: PMC4896959 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: β-adrenergic receptors play an important role in mitigating the pressor effects of sympathetic nervous system activity in young women. Based on recent data showing oral contraceptive use in women abolishes the relationship between muscle sympathetic nervous system activity and blood pressure, we hypothesized forearm blood flow responses to a β-adrenergic receptor agonist would be greater in young women currently using oral contraceptives (OC+, n = 13) when compared to those not using oral contraceptives (OC–, n = 10). Methods: Women (18–35 years) were studied during the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (days 1–5) or placebo phase of oral contraceptive use. Forearm blood flow (FBF, Doppler ultrasound) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP, brachial arterial catheter) were measured at baseline and during graded brachial artery infusion of the β-adrenergic receptor agonist, Isoproterenol (ISO), as well as Acetylcholine (ACH, endothelium-dependent vasodilation) and Nitroprusside (NTP, endothelium-independent vasodilation). Forearm vascular conductance was calculated (FVC = FBF/MAP, ml/min/100 mmHg) and the rise in FVC from baseline during infusion quantified vasodilation (ΔFVC = FVCinfusion − FVCbaseline). Results: ISO increased FVC in both groups (p < 0.01) and ISO-mediated ΔFVC was greater in OC+ compared to OC– (Main effect of group, p = 0.02). Expressing data as FVC and FBF resulted in similar conclusions. FVC responses to both ACH and NTP were also greater in OC+ compared to OC–. Conclusions: These data are the first to demonstrate greater β-adrenergic receptor-mediated vasodilation in the forearm of women currently using oral contraceptives (placebo phase) when compared to those not using oral contraceptives (early follicular phase), and suggest oral contraceptive use influences neurovascular control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John W Harrell
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Marlowe W Eldridge
- Department of Kinesiology, University of WisconsinMadison, WI, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of WisconsinMadison, WI, USA
| | - Joshua J Sebranek
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin Madison, WI, USA
| | - Benjamin J Walker
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin Madison, WI, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Simultaneous determination of estrogens (ethinylestradiol and norgestimate) concentrations in human and bovine serum albumin by use of fluorescence spectroscopy and multivariate regression analysis. Talanta 2016; 152:401-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
46
|
|
47
|
Zaenglein AL, Pathy AL, Schlosser BJ, Alikhan A, Baldwin HE, Berson DS, Bowe WP, Graber EM, Harper JC, Kang S, Keri JE, Leyden JJ, Reynolds RV, Silverberg NB, Stein Gold LF, Tollefson MM, Weiss JS, Dolan NC, Sagan AA, Stern M, Boyer KM, Bhushan R. Guidelines of care for the management of acne vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol 2016; 74:945-73.e33. [PMID: 26897386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 704] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acne is one of the most common disorders treated by dermatologists and other health care providers. While it most often affects adolescents, it is not uncommon in adults and can also be seen in children. This evidence-based guideline addresses important clinical questions that arise in its management. Issues from grading of acne to the topical and systemic management of the disease are reviewed. Suggestions on use are provided based on available evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Diane S Berson
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Whitney P Bowe
- SUNY Down State Medical Center-Brooklyn, New York, New York
| | - Emmy M Graber
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Sewon Kang
- Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jonette E Keri
- University of Miami Health System, Miami, Florida; Miami VA Hospital, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Rachel V Reynolds
- Harvard Medical Faculty Physicians, Boston, Massachusetts; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nanette B Silverberg
- Mount Sinai Health System-Beth Israel, New York, New York; St. Lukes-Roosevelt, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kevin M Boyer
- American Academy of Dermatology, Schaumburg, Illinois
| | - Reva Bhushan
- American Academy of Dermatology, Schaumburg, Illinois.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Allais G, Chiarle G, Bergandi F, Benedetto C. The use of progestogen-only pill in migraine patients. Expert Rev Neurother 2015; 16:71-82. [PMID: 26630354 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2016.1127161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Migraine is a debilitating neurovascular disorder which is estimated to affect 18% of women and 6% of men. Two main forms of this neurological disorder must be considered: Migraine without Aura and Migraine with Aura. Migraine without aura often has a strict menstrual relationship: the International Headache Society classification gives criteria for Pure Menstrual Migraine and Menstrually Related Migraine. The higher prevalence of migraine among women suggests that this sex difference probably results from the trigger of fluctuating hormones during the menstrual cycle. Safe and effective contraception is essential for all women of childbearing age, but Combined Oral Contraceptives have been associated with worsening of attacks and cardiovascular risk in these patients. We analyzed characteristics, effects and benefits of progestogen-only pill, a possible alternative for contraception in women with migraine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Allais
- a Department of Surgical Sciences, Women's Headache Center , University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - Giulia Chiarle
- a Department of Surgical Sciences, Women's Headache Center , University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - Fabiola Bergandi
- a Department of Surgical Sciences, Women's Headache Center , University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - Chiara Benedetto
- a Department of Surgical Sciences, Women's Headache Center , University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sex, the brain and hypertension: brain oestrogen receptors and high blood pressure risk factors. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 130:9-18. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20150654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a major contributor to worldwide morbidity and mortality rates related to cardiovascular disease. There are important sex differences in the onset and rate of hypertension in humans. Compared with age-matched men, premenopausal women are less likely to develop hypertension. However, after age 60, the incidence of hypertension increases in women and even surpasses that seen in older men. It is thought that changes in levels of circulating ovarian hormones as women age may be involved in the increase in hypertension in older women. One of the key mechanisms involved in the development of hypertension in both men and women is an increase in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA). Brain regions important for the regulation of SNA, such as the subfornical organ, the paraventricular nucleus and the rostral ventral lateral medulla, also express specific subtypes of oestrogen receptors. Each of these brain regions has also been implicated in mechanisms underlying risk factors for hypertension such as obesity, stress and inflammation. The present review brings together evidence that links actions of oestrogen at these receptors to modulate some of the common brain mechanisms involved in the ability of hypertensive risk factors to increase SNA and blood pressure. Understanding the mechanisms by which oestrogen acts at key sites in the brain for the regulation of SNA is important for the development of novel, sex-specific therapies for treating hypertension.
Collapse
|
50
|
Harvey RE, Hart EC, Charkoudian N, Curry TB, Carter JR, Fu Q, Minson CT, Joyner MJ, Barnes JN. Oral Contraceptive Use, Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity, and Systemic Hemodynamics in Young Women. Hypertension 2015; 66:590-7. [PMID: 26101348 PMCID: PMC4537364 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.05179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous female sex hormones influence muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), a regulator of arterial blood pressure and important factor in hypertension development. Although ≈80% of American women report using hormonal contraceptives sometime during their life, the influence of combined oral contraceptives (OCs) on MSNA and systemic hemodynamics remains equivocal. The goal of this study was to determine whether women taking OCs have altered MSNA and hemodynamics (cardiac output and total peripheral resistance) at rest during the placebo phase of OC use compared with women with natural menstrual cycles during the early follicular phase. We retrospectively analyzed data from studies in which healthy, premenopausal women (aged 18-35 years) participated. We collected MSNA values at rest and hemodynamic measurements in women taking OCs (n=53; 25±4 years) and women with natural menstrual cycles (n=74; 25±4 years). Blood pressure was higher in women taking OCs versus those with natural menstrual cycles (mean arterial pressure, 89±1 versus 85±1 mm Hg, respectively; P=0.01), although MSNA was similar in both groups (MSNA burst incidence, 16±1 versus 18±1 bursts/100 heartbeats, respectively; P=0.19). In a subset of women in which detailed hemodynamic data were available, those taking OCs (n=33) had similar cardiac output (4.9±0.2 versus 4.7±0.2 L/min, respectively; P=0.47) and total peripheral resistance (19.2±0.8 versus 20.0±0.9 U, respectively; P=0.51) as women with natural menstrual cycles (n=22). In conclusion, women taking OCs have higher resting blood pressure and similar MSNA and hemodynamics during the placebo phase of OC use when compared with naturally menstruating women in the early follicular phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronee E Harvey
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.E.H., T.B.C., M.J.J., J.N.B.); School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (E.C.H.); Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA (N.C.); Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton (J.R.C.); Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine at Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (Q.F.); and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene (C.T.M.).
| | - Emma C Hart
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.E.H., T.B.C., M.J.J., J.N.B.); School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (E.C.H.); Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA (N.C.); Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton (J.R.C.); Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine at Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (Q.F.); and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene (C.T.M.)
| | - Nisha Charkoudian
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.E.H., T.B.C., M.J.J., J.N.B.); School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (E.C.H.); Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA (N.C.); Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton (J.R.C.); Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine at Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (Q.F.); and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene (C.T.M.)
| | - Timothy B Curry
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.E.H., T.B.C., M.J.J., J.N.B.); School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (E.C.H.); Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA (N.C.); Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton (J.R.C.); Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine at Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (Q.F.); and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene (C.T.M.)
| | - Jason R Carter
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.E.H., T.B.C., M.J.J., J.N.B.); School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (E.C.H.); Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA (N.C.); Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton (J.R.C.); Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine at Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (Q.F.); and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene (C.T.M.)
| | - Qi Fu
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.E.H., T.B.C., M.J.J., J.N.B.); School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (E.C.H.); Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA (N.C.); Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton (J.R.C.); Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine at Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (Q.F.); and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene (C.T.M.)
| | - Christopher T Minson
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.E.H., T.B.C., M.J.J., J.N.B.); School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (E.C.H.); Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA (N.C.); Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton (J.R.C.); Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine at Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (Q.F.); and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene (C.T.M.)
| | - Michael J Joyner
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.E.H., T.B.C., M.J.J., J.N.B.); School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (E.C.H.); Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA (N.C.); Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton (J.R.C.); Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine at Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (Q.F.); and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene (C.T.M.)
| | - Jill N Barnes
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.E.H., T.B.C., M.J.J., J.N.B.); School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (E.C.H.); Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA (N.C.); Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton (J.R.C.); Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine at Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (Q.F.); and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene (C.T.M.)
| |
Collapse
|