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Sahoo S, Yadav S, Shamim MA, Nisha S, Sandeep M, Padhi BK, Gandhi AP. Prevalence of suicidal behavior in adolescents in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 86:103661. [PMID: 37321152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal behaviour (SB) in adolescents is an emerging public health issue globally. The present study was undertaken to estimate the overall prevalence of SB among the adolescents (10-19 years of age) in India. DATA SOURCES In this systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA), an extensive literature search in PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, Web of Science, ProQuest, Embase, Cochrane, and preprint servers (medRxiv, arXiv, bioRxiv, BioRN, ChiRxiv, ChiRN, and SSRN) and assessment of all published articles until 28th February 2023 as per the PROSPERO registration protocol (CRD42023385550), was undertaken. STUDY SELECTION, DATA EXTRACTION, AND SYNTHESIS Studies from India which reported the prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and suicidal plan were included. The quality of the included studies was assessed by risk of bias assessment tool. R version 4.2 was used to conduct all the relevant analyses. Heterogeneity was assessed, and a random effects model for estimating the pooled prevalence of the outcomes was applied. Subgroup analyses were planned based on region, locality (urban/rural) and the study settings (educational institutions/community-based). A meta-regression to analyze the effects of potential moderators on outcomes was done. Sensitivity analyses were planned based on the removal of outliers and poor-quality studies. Publication bias was tested by Doi plot and LFK index. MAIN OUTCOMES Pooled prevalence of suicide attempts, suicide ideations and suicide plans RESULTS: A total of 20 studies were identified as eligible for the systematic review, and 19 studies were identified as eligible for the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of suicidal ideation was estimated to be 11% (95 % CI 7-15); heterogeneity between the studies was high (I2 98 %, p < 0.01). The pooled prevalence of suicidal attempts and suicidal plan was estimated to be 3 % each (95 % CI 2-5); with heterogeneity being high (I2 96 %, p < 0.01). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant variation in suicidal ideation and attempts between different regions of India (South > East > North), and higher prevalence among the educational-institute-based settings and urban areas. CONCLUSION Overall, the prevalence of suicidal behavior among the adolescents in India is high, and they experience all types of suicidal behavior (ideations, plans and attempts).
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnajeet Sahoo
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shikha Yadav
- Department of Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Swet Nisha
- Department of Periodontology, Haldia Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Haldia, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Bijaya Kumar Padhi
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012 India
| | - Aravind P Gandhi
- Department of Community Medicine, ESIC Medical College & Hospital, Sanathnagar, Hyderabad, India.
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Al Houri A, Alhouri A, Zahrawi H, Al Houri H, Abu-Hussein B, Mohammad Nazir Arrouk D, Jarrar Y, Al-Thunaibat A, Latifeh O, Al Sharei A, Latifeh Y. The Prevalence and Risk Factors of COVID-Stress Syndrome. Cureus 2023; 15:e39388. [PMID: 37362515 PMCID: PMC10286765 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 is a serious disease causing negative psychological effects such as nervousness, isolation, depression, and suicide ideation. The COVID Stress Scale was developed to better understand and assess COVID-19-related distress. University students are predicted to be negatively impacted by the COVID-19 outbreak due to their lack of psychological skills and high levels of academic stress. This study compares the prevalence of COVID stress syndrome (CSS) among university students in Syria and Jordan during the outbreak. The questionnaire used in the study covers multiple aspects and can be applied to future pandemics or infectious diseases. Methodology This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Syria and Jordan between September 1 and December 1, 2021, to evaluate CSS among university students. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 2525 students using a structured, validated, and published questionnaire. Ethical considerations were taken, and informed consent was obtained from participants. The questionnaire had two parts: participant characteristics and CSS. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY), and the chi-square test was used to compare the CSS scale between the two countries. Result The study involved 2525 university students, mostly Syrian (63.6%) and Jordanian (36.4%), aged 18-24 (89.5%), and mostly single (95.6%). Over 50% of students lived in homes with three or more people. More than half reported good to excellent economic status; non-smokers accounted for over 50%. Regarding CSS, 39.8% had a high score, 28% average, 20% severe, and 12.2% low to mild. Jordanian male students and single Syrian students showed a higher probability of experiencing CSS symptoms. The number of people in the household, financial status, and field of study also played a significant role. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has negative impacts beyond physical health, including the economy, education, and mental health. A stress scale has been developed to measure COVID-19 stress syndrome, which includes Danger and Contamination Fears (DAN), Socioeconomic Consequences Fears (SEC), Xenophobic Fears (XEN), Traumatic Stress Symptoms (TSS), and Compulsive Checking and Reassurance Seeking (CHE). Non-medical faculty students are more likely to acquire CSS symptoms than medical faculty students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Al Houri
- Department of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, SYR
| | | | - Hanaa Zahrawi
- Department of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, SYR
| | - Hasan Al Houri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, SYR
- Department of Internal Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, SYR
| | | | | | - Yazan Jarrar
- Department of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, JOR
| | | | - Obada Latifeh
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, SYR
| | | | - Youssef Latifeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Damascus University, Damascus, SYR
- Department of Psychiatry, Al Sham Private University, Damascus, SYR
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Nan J, Salina N, Chong ST, Jiang HJ. Trajectory of suicidal ideation among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of childhood trauma. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:90. [PMID: 36747156 PMCID: PMC9900550 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04582-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to understand the longitudinal trajectory of suicidal ideation (SI) among Chinese medical students and the role of childhood trauma (CT). METHODS Using a whole-group sampling method, we assessed SI in 2192 (male = 834, female = 1358) medical students on three occasions over a period of one year. The Suicidal Ideation Self-Assessment Scale (SISAS) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) were used to assess SI and CT. The growth mixture modeling (GMM) was used to classify the developmental trajectory of SI. RESULTS A greater number of medical students were experiencing suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic. The trajectory of SI among medical students was divided into two groups: a low risk, slowly rising group and a high risk, continuous group. The low risk, slowly rising group had a significant time effect (B = 1.57, p < 0.001) and showed a slowly increasing trend. Emotional neglect (EN), physical neglect (PN), emotional abuse (EA) and physical abuse (PA) all had significant positive predictive effects for the high risk, continuous group (B = 0.18-0.65, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The trajectory of SI among medical students can be divided into a low risk, slowly rising group and a high risk, continuous group; the more EN, PN, EA and PA experienced during childhood, the more likely medical students are to develop a high risk, continuous state of SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Nan
- grid.412113.40000 0004 1937 1557Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia ,grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 China
| | - Nen Salina
- grid.412113.40000 0004 1937 1557Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia ,grid.412113.40000 0004 1937 1557Counselling Program, Postgraduate Secretariat, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Sheau Tsuey Chong
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Malaysia. .,Counselling Program, Postgraduate Secretariat, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Malaysia.
| | - Hong-juan Jiang
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 China ,grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 China
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Obesity-Associated Anxiety Is Prevalent among College Students and Alleviated by Calorie Restriction. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173518. [PMID: 36079775 PMCID: PMC9460559 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety is a common disorder among college students, especially those with obesity. Obesity contributes to metabolic disorders and disturbs the neural functions, further leading to anxiety. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to determine the association between obesity and anxiety among college students and identified the potential factors for obesity-associated anxiety. We evaluated the intervention effects of calorie restriction on anxiety. Self-reported questionnaires were distributed to 1381 college students from January to March in 2021. Anxiety was measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Participants were classified into anxiety and non-anxiety groups according to their STAI scores. Chi-squared test and logistic regression were used to analyze the potential factors. We found that 383 college students exhibited anxiety, accounting for 30.1% among all included college students, which was higher than the global average. The association between anxiety and obesity was observed among college students (p = 0.009), especially in males (p = 0.007). We identified that pre-obesity (p = 0.012), unhealthy calorie intake (p = 0.001), dieting (p = 0.003) and high academic year (p = 0.006) as the risk factors for anxiety and found that the long sleep duration was a protective factor for anxiety (p < 0.001). We found that more obese students showed an improvement of anxiety than the underweight students after calorie restriction (p < 0.001). Collectively, our findings suggest that obesity-associated anxiety is prevalent among the college students and could be alleviated by moderate calorie restriction. It is necessary for students to receive anxiety management in their college life. Additionally, the proper calorie restriction should be promoted to help students protect against obesity and obesity-associated anxiety.
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Chen NH, Liu LM, Liu HY, Hsieh IC, Tsai CC. Psychological distress among first-year health science students in Taiwan. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10121. [PMID: 35991974 PMCID: PMC9389246 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Objective Methods Results Conclusion Some first-year health science students are at risk of psychological distress. Anxiety and self-harm are common among first-year health science students. Students in four-year programs are more likely to experience mental health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Hung Chen
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Mei Liu
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsing-Yuan Liu
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - I-Chang Hsieh
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Failure Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan, ROC
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Ching Tsai
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan, ROC
- Corresponding author.
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Mayya SS, Mayya A, Martis M, Lakshmi RV. Academic stress and associated sociodemographic variables: A study of pre-university students in Karnataka, India. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2022; 11:230. [PMID: 36177424 PMCID: PMC9514250 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_87_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Academic stress is a predominant phenomenon among grade 11 and 12 students. The performance in Grade 12 is important for entry to higher education programs in India. The purpose of the study was to assess the magnitude of the perceived academic stress and identify the main stressors and the sociodemographic variables associated with the perceived academic stress among adolescents enrolled in the science stream in coastal Karnataka. MATERIALS AND METHODS Upon Institutional Ethical Committee approval, a cross-sectional survey was carried out among pre-university students (science stream) of coastal Karnataka during February-April 2021. The study used Manipal Inventory of Academic Stress (MIAS) scale to collect data on perceived academic stress from 1859 students (response rate 68.3%). Stratified cluster sampling method was used to collect data from the study participants. IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 26.0 was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics, unpaired t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple linear regression analyses were used to study the association between academic stress and various demographic variables. RESULTS The study revealed that 28% of the Grade 11 students and 26% of the Grade 12 students experienced high or extreme stress. The significant stressors were lack of time for revision, queries from neighbors or relatives, and parental expectations on academic performance. Gender, residence, and the medium of instruction until Grade 10 were associated with academic stress. CONCLUSION Measures at the institutional and national levels are necessary to reduce the academic stress in higher secondary education. The integrated curriculum proposed in the National Educational Policy 2020 addresses a few stressors identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreemathi S. Mayya
- Department of Data Science, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Arun Mayya
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, A J Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Maxie Martis
- Nursing College, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - R Vani Lakshmi
- Department of Data Science, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Cullinan J, Walsh S, Flannery D, Kennelly B. A cross-sectional analysis of psychological distress among higher education students in Ireland. Ir J Psychol Med 2022:1-9. [PMID: 35177152 DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2022.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine levels of psychological distress among higher education students in Ireland overall and across a range of personal, higher education, and socioeconomic characteristics, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey of college students in Ireland was undertaken in 2018. Data on 5201 students from 13 higher education institutions (HEIs) were analyzed. Stress, anxiety, and depression symptom scores based on the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were calculated and reported, with statistical testing used to compare across groups. RESULTS Overall, 29.6% and 19.1% of respondents were classified in the mild to moderate and severe to extremely severe range for depression respectively. The corresponding proportions were 25.9% and 20.7% for anxiety, and 24.5% and 14.8% for stress. Differences across groups included higher levels of psychological distress for transgender and female students compared to males (p < 0.01), for gay/lesbian/bisexual students compared to heterosexuals (p < 0.01), for undergraduates compared to postgraduates (p < 0.01), for students from intermediate/technical/service/unskilled social classes compared to professional/self-employed social classes (p < 0.01), and for those with financial difficulties compared to those without financial difficulties (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Rates of psychological distress were high amongst college students in Ireland prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, with substantial differences across groups. Due to study limitations, such as possible selection bias, the findings need replication. Further research is needed to determine the impact of the pandemic on the prevalence of mental illness in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cullinan
- School of Business & Economics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - S Walsh
- School of Business & Economics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - D Flannery
- Department of Economics, Kemmy Business School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - B Kennelly
- School of Business & Economics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Wang P, Kelifa MO, Yu B, Yang Y. Classes of childhood adversities and their associations to the mental health of college undergraduates: a nationwide cross-sectional study. Environ Health Prev Med 2021; 26:73. [PMID: 34273939 PMCID: PMC8286578 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-021-00993-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood adversities pose deleterious consequences on health and well-being, but limited studies explore whether unique patterns of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) impact the mental health of emerging adults and the mediating role of current stressful events (CSEs). This study examined classes of ACEs and how they relate to CSEs, psychological distress, and subjective well-being among Eritrean College undergraduates. Methods Cross-sectional data on ACEs, CSEs, symptoms of psychological distress, and subjective well-being were collected from a national sample of college students (N = 507). We identified ACE patterns using latent class analysis and further examined whether CSEs mediated the effects of ACE classes on psychological distress and subjective well-being. Results 86.4% of the sample experienced at least one ACE. Collective violence, domestic violence, and physical abuse were the most common ACEs. Three subgroups, low ACEs (66.3%), household violence (19.1%), and multiple ACEs (14.6%) were identified. We found that relative to low ACEs, household violence (β = 0.142, 95% CI 0.046, 0.248) and multiple ACEs (β = 0.501, 95% CI 0.357, 0.666) indirectly influenced psychological distress through CSEs, and CSEs mediated the relationships between household violence (β = −0.096, 95% CI −0.176, −0.033), multiple ACEs (β = −0.338, 95% CI −0.498, −0.210), and subjective well-being. However, there were nonsignificant relative direct effects of ACE patterns on both psychological distress and subjective well-being. Conclusions Experiencing multiple ACEs and household violence in conjunction with CSEs significantly predict psychological distress and subjective well-being. Contextual interventions for the early identification of ACEs and the management of CSEs may play a crucial role in the prevention of mental health problems. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12199-021-00993-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peigang Wang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115 Donghu Road, Wuhan City, 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Mohammedhamid Osman Kelifa
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115 Donghu Road, Wuhan City, 430071, Hubei Province, China.,Orotta College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Asmara, Meakel, Eritrea
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Yinmei Yang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115 Donghu Road, Wuhan City, 430071, Hubei Province, China.
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Mirza AA, Milaat WA, Ramadan IK, Baig M, Elmorsy SA, Beyari GM, Halawani MA, Azab RA, Zahrani MT, Khayat NK. Depression, anxiety and stress among medical and non-medical students in Saudi Arabia: An epidemiological comparative cross-sectional study. NEUROSCIENCES (RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA) 2021; 26:141-151. [PMID: 33814366 PMCID: PMC8024138 DOI: 10.17712/nsj.2021.2.20200127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To quantify the extent and variation of depression, anxiety and stress among medical and non-medical Saudi Arabian students. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, students from Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia, were recruited. The Faculty of Education was randomly selected to represent the non-medical colleges. The depression, anxiety and stress scale-21 items (DASS-21) was used to estimate the study outcomes. RESULTS Of the 465 undergraduates recruited in this study, 49.68% (n=231) were medical students and 50.32% (n=234) were non-medical students. Approximately 54%, 53%, and 38% of the participants were found to be suffering from depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. The analyses showed that the two groups did not differ significantly with respect to stress and depression (p=0.934 and 0.423, respectively). However, the non-medical students exhibited a significantly higher anxiety score compared to the medical students (p=0.002). Family conflicts was a common risk factor for the studied psychological disturbances. Female gender and travel time from home to university were significant predictors of depression and anxiety, whereas a positive history of a psychological condition increased the likelihood of depression and stress. CONCLUSION There was a high prevalence of anxiety, stress, and depression among the students, with a significantly higher anxiety levels among the non-medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A. Mirza
- From the Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (Mirza), Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, from the Department of Community Medicine (Milaat, Ramadan), from the Department of Clinical Biochemistry/Medical Education (Baig), Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, from the Department of Epidemiology and Statistics (Elmorsy), King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, from the Faculty of Medicine (Beyari, Halawanim, Azab, Zahrani, Khayat) Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Community Medicine (Ramadan), Faculty of Medicine, Alazhar University, and from the Department of Pharmacology (Elmorsy), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Waleed A. Milaat
- From the Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (Mirza), Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, from the Department of Community Medicine (Milaat, Ramadan), from the Department of Clinical Biochemistry/Medical Education (Baig), Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, from the Department of Epidemiology and Statistics (Elmorsy), King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, from the Faculty of Medicine (Beyari, Halawanim, Azab, Zahrani, Khayat) Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Community Medicine (Ramadan), Faculty of Medicine, Alazhar University, and from the Department of Pharmacology (Elmorsy), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iman K. Ramadan
- From the Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (Mirza), Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, from the Department of Community Medicine (Milaat, Ramadan), from the Department of Clinical Biochemistry/Medical Education (Baig), Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, from the Department of Epidemiology and Statistics (Elmorsy), King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, from the Faculty of Medicine (Beyari, Halawanim, Azab, Zahrani, Khayat) Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Community Medicine (Ramadan), Faculty of Medicine, Alazhar University, and from the Department of Pharmacology (Elmorsy), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mukhtiar Baig
- From the Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (Mirza), Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, from the Department of Community Medicine (Milaat, Ramadan), from the Department of Clinical Biochemistry/Medical Education (Baig), Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, from the Department of Epidemiology and Statistics (Elmorsy), King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, from the Faculty of Medicine (Beyari, Halawanim, Azab, Zahrani, Khayat) Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Community Medicine (Ramadan), Faculty of Medicine, Alazhar University, and from the Department of Pharmacology (Elmorsy), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Soha A. Elmorsy
- From the Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (Mirza), Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, from the Department of Community Medicine (Milaat, Ramadan), from the Department of Clinical Biochemistry/Medical Education (Baig), Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, from the Department of Epidemiology and Statistics (Elmorsy), King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, from the Faculty of Medicine (Beyari, Halawanim, Azab, Zahrani, Khayat) Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Community Medicine (Ramadan), Faculty of Medicine, Alazhar University, and from the Department of Pharmacology (Elmorsy), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada M. Beyari
- From the Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (Mirza), Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, from the Department of Community Medicine (Milaat, Ramadan), from the Department of Clinical Biochemistry/Medical Education (Baig), Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, from the Department of Epidemiology and Statistics (Elmorsy), King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, from the Faculty of Medicine (Beyari, Halawanim, Azab, Zahrani, Khayat) Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Community Medicine (Ramadan), Faculty of Medicine, Alazhar University, and from the Department of Pharmacology (Elmorsy), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A. Halawani
- From the Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (Mirza), Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, from the Department of Community Medicine (Milaat, Ramadan), from the Department of Clinical Biochemistry/Medical Education (Baig), Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, from the Department of Epidemiology and Statistics (Elmorsy), King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, from the Faculty of Medicine (Beyari, Halawanim, Azab, Zahrani, Khayat) Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Community Medicine (Ramadan), Faculty of Medicine, Alazhar University, and from the Department of Pharmacology (Elmorsy), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ruqayyah A. Azab
- From the Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (Mirza), Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, from the Department of Community Medicine (Milaat, Ramadan), from the Department of Clinical Biochemistry/Medical Education (Baig), Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, from the Department of Epidemiology and Statistics (Elmorsy), King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, from the Faculty of Medicine (Beyari, Halawanim, Azab, Zahrani, Khayat) Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Community Medicine (Ramadan), Faculty of Medicine, Alazhar University, and from the Department of Pharmacology (Elmorsy), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Meshari T. Zahrani
- From the Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (Mirza), Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, from the Department of Community Medicine (Milaat, Ramadan), from the Department of Clinical Biochemistry/Medical Education (Baig), Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, from the Department of Epidemiology and Statistics (Elmorsy), King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, from the Faculty of Medicine (Beyari, Halawanim, Azab, Zahrani, Khayat) Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Community Medicine (Ramadan), Faculty of Medicine, Alazhar University, and from the Department of Pharmacology (Elmorsy), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nora K. Khayat
- From the Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (Mirza), Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, from the Department of Community Medicine (Milaat, Ramadan), from the Department of Clinical Biochemistry/Medical Education (Baig), Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, from the Department of Epidemiology and Statistics (Elmorsy), King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, from the Faculty of Medicine (Beyari, Halawanim, Azab, Zahrani, Khayat) Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Community Medicine (Ramadan), Faculty of Medicine, Alazhar University, and from the Department of Pharmacology (Elmorsy), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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10
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Wimberly CE, Rajapakse H, Park LP, Price A, Proeschold-Bell RJ, Østbye T. Mental well-being in Sri Lankan medical students: a cross-sectional study. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2020; 27:1213-1226. [PMID: 33356528 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2020.1858488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Preventing burnout and promoting positive mental health among medical students is important. Relevant research is lacking on positive mental health in medical students, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of Sri Lankan students enrolled in a five-year medical program. Measures included the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form, Kessler 10 Psychological Distress Scale, and Oldenburg Burnout Inventory. We investigated relationships between year in program, mental health indicators, and academic performance. Three hundred twenty-seven students participated (35% response rate). Most students had moderate positive mental health (64.8%) and severe psychological distress (40.4%). Final year students reported more psychological distress and burnout than first year students. Female students had higher burnout scores than males. In multivariable models, fourth and fifth year students evidenced lower positive mental health than first year students. Mental health indicators were unassociated with academic performance. Overall, distress rates were higher than those reported among students in other countries. Higher burnout and distress may be driven by increased responsibilities in the final clinical years of training. Bolstering positive mental health through positive emotions, meaning, and social connection may minimize burnout and distress, although extracurricular activities require time. Interventions to reduce medical student distress in Sri Lanka are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney E Wimberly
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Division of Neuro-Epidemiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Harshini Rajapakse
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka
| | - Lawrence P Park
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ashley Price
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Truls Østbye
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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11
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Li T, Zhang X, Chen M, Wang R, He L, Xue B, Zhao D. Psychological distress and its associated risk factors among university students. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2020; 66:414-418. [PMID: 32578772 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.66.4.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychological distress is an important mental health problem among university students. The goal of this study was to determine psychological distress and its associated risk factors among students in the Anhui province. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 1304 students. In this study, a self-administered questionnaire consisting of the general demography and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) was completed. Psychological distress was assessed using the GHQ-12-item questionnaire. A dichotomous category split was imposed on the GHQ-12 for the purpose of analysis. A GHQ-12 score of 4 or higher indicated psychological distress. The data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0 system. RESULTS A total of 1304 samples were analyzed in this study. The results indicated that the education level of the father and mother was associated with the students' psychological distress (P<0.001). A significant association was found between high-intensity exercise and low-intensity exercise and psychological distress. However, no significant difference was identified between gender and psychological distress (P=0.173). CONCLUSION The education level of parents, high-intensity exercise, and low-intensity exercise were associated with psychological distress. Our results suggest that it is indispensable to raise awareness of psychological disorders and its associated risk factors among university students. Further studies are required to develop appropriate interventions for high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- . Department, College of experience industry, Anhui polytechnic university, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- . Department, College of experience industry, Anhui polytechnic university, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Mingming Chen
- . Department, College of experience industry, Anhui polytechnic university, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Rui Wang
- . Training canter for comprehensive quality and ability of college students, Anhui institute of information technology, Wuhu, Anhui 241003, China
| | - Lianping He
- . Department, College of experience industry, Anhui polytechnic university, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Baohong Xue
- . Department, College of experience industry, Anhui polytechnic university, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Dexun Zhao
- . Department, College of experience industry, Anhui polytechnic university, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
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