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Subawa NS, Baykal E, Basmantra IN, Mimaki CA, Yorulmaz H. A cross-cultural analysis of spiritual transcendence and its impact on job satisfaction, job security, and life satisfaction in Bali and Türkiye: mediator effect of earthquake anxiety. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1402685. [PMID: 39149708 PMCID: PMC11325726 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1402685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Earthquakes are considered as a major factor causing PTSD, anxiety, and depression across various age groups. Increased anxiety stemming from earthquakes may prompt individuals to turn to spirituality as a coping mechanism, with spiritual transcendence believed to be an effective way to mitigate anxiety. In this study, Bali, which has a Far Eastern spiritual tradition, and Türkiye, the majority of whose population is Muslim, are discussed comparatively. In fact, the underlying reason for this choice is to examine whether there is a difference between Hindu belief, one of the Far Eastern religions as a spiritual tradition, and Islam, one of the monotheistic religions, regarding individuals' ability to manage anxiety and some basic psychological reactions to the fear of earthquakes. An example of Bali's Hindu tradition has been considered a representation of the Islamic tradition, one of the monotheistic religions in Türkiye. Given this phenomenon, the study took a quantitative approach, giving a novel conceptual framework for understanding the relationship between spiritual transcendence, seismic fear, job satisfaction, job security, life satisfaction, and the moderating influence of optimism. Empirical data were acquired via surveys issued via Google Form to a total of 913 workers in Bali and Türkiye. The research data were analyzed using SmartPLS software and a structural equation modeling technique. Findings indicate that earthquake anxiety and the impact of spiritual transcendence on satisfaction and job security are stronger in Bali than in Türkiye. Additionally, spirituality holds greater significance for the Balinese sample compared to the Turkish sample. The study clarifies the implications of its findings and provides guidance for future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyoman Sri Subawa
- Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Pendidikan Nasional, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Elif Baykal
- School of Business and Management Sciences, İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Türkiye
- Research Center of Innovative Management, Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC), Bakü, Azerbaijan
| | - Ida Nyoman Basmantra
- Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Pendidikan Nasional, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Caren Angellina Mimaki
- Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Pendidikan Nasional, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Halil Yorulmaz
- Vocational School, İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Türkiye
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Dagher D, Malaeb D, Dabbous M, Sakr F, El Khatib S, Hallit R, Fekih-Romdhane F, Obeid S, Hallit S. The moderating effect of resilience in the association between insomnia severity and PTSD symptoms in Lebanese adolescents in the aftermath of the 2023 earthquake. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38944752 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2373997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
The interplay between insomnia and PTSD symptoms remains misunderstood, and seems to be influenced by other factors like individual resilience. Our study examined the moderating role of resilience in the relationship between insomnia and PTSD symptoms among a sample of Lebanese adolescents, in the aftermath of the 2023 earthquake. This cross sectional study, conducted in April, 2 months after the earthquake, enrolled 546 Lebanese adolescents. We used the Sleep Self Report, the Resilience Scale for Adolescents and the 13-item Children's Impact of Event Scale. The interaction insomnia severity by resilience was significantly associated with PTSD scores. At low, moderate and high resilience levels, higher insomnia severity was significantly associated with lower PTSD. Resilience moderated the relationship between insomnia and PTSD, mitigating the detrimental impact of disrupted sleep on PTSD symptoms. This data can guide healthcare administrators and psychiatric caregivers in classifying risk factors and implementing interventions to predict PTSD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Dagher
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Diana Malaeb
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mariam Dabbous
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fouad Sakr
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sami El Khatib
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Bekaa, Lebanon
- Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics (CAMB), Gulf University for Science and Technology (GUST), Hawally, Kuwait
| | - Rabih Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Department of Infectious Disease, Bellevue Medical Center, Mansourieh, Lebanon
- Department of Infectious Disease, Notre Dame des Secours University Hospital, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi Hospital, Manouba, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sahar Obeid
- School of Arts and Sciences, Social and Education Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Department of Psychology, College of Humanities, Effat University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
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Ataya J, Soqia J, Ataya J, AlMhasneh R, Batesh D, Alkhadraa D, Albokaai H, Morjan M. Sleep quality and mental health differences following Syria-Turkey earthquakes: A cross-sectional study. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2024; 70:700-708. [PMID: 38279595 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231223432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explores the lasting mental health impact of the Syria-Turkey earthquakes in 2023 on a population affected by conflict and trauma. It analyzes pre- and post-event mental health and sleep quality differences, identifying predictors of outcomes. AIMS Studying the 2023 Syria-Turkey earthquakes' enduring mental health impact on conflict-affected individuals, this research informs better support and interventions for disaster survivors. METHODS This longitudinal, cross-sectional study examined the enduring mental health impact of the Syria-Turkey earthquakes. The present study involved N = 1,413 Syrian survivors, aged 18 years or older, who actively participated by contributing both pre- and post-earthquake data. A meticulously designed digital questionnaire with established metrics assessed sleep disturbances, depressive symptoms, and anxiety levels. Stratification variables (age, gender, education, marital status) were used for subgroup analysis. Arabic versions of PHQ-9, PSQI, and GAD-2 proved reliable for measuring depression, sleep quality, and anxiety. RESULTS The majority of participants were female (73.6%) with tertiary education (83.3%). Post-earthquake, a higher percentage reported poor sleep quality (67.7% vs. 59.7%, p < .001) and increased prevalence of MDE (66.1% vs. 56%, p < .001). GAD did not differ significantly. Post-earthquake, women had a higher likelihood of poor sleep quality (OR: 1.58, 95% CI [1.19, 2.10], p < .001) and MDE (OR: 1.55, 95% CI [1.18 to 2.04], p = .003). Predictors varied before and after earthquakes; age and education were significant predictors of poor sleep quality, MDE, and GAD. CONCLUSION This study reveals higher rates of poor sleep quality and major depressive episodes among earthquake-affected individuals, especially women. Age, education, and gender contribute to these outcomes. Targeted interventions and comprehensive mental health support are crucial for post-earthquake recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Ataya
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Jameel Soqia
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Jawdat Ataya
- Medical Education Programme, Syrian Virtual University, Damascus, Syria
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Rama AlMhasneh
- Pulmonology Department, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Duaa Batesh
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Doaa Alkhadraa
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Hani Albokaai
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Mohamad Morjan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria
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İme Y. The mediating role of self-efficacy, social support, and hope in the relation between mental health and resilience among 2023 Türkiye earthquake survivors. DEATH STUDIES 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38768037 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2024.2355240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
This research aims to investigate the mediating role of self-efficacy, social support, and hope in the relationship between depression, anxiety, stress, and resilience in 2023 Türkiye earthquake survivors (N = 491). The findings from a multi-mediation analysis showed the indirect effect of depression, anxiety, and stress on resilience through self-efficacy, social support, and hope. Thus, self-efficacy, social support, and hope may be protective factors for resilience in earthquake survivors. Strategies to improve self-efficacy and hope in earthquake survivors and social support may be necessary in reducing the stress factors caused by earthquakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakup İme
- Counseling Psychology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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Kalanlar B, Kuru Alıcı N, Öner M. Individual Earthquake Resilience Scale: Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version. J Emerg Nurs 2024; 50:436-443. [PMID: 38402468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jen.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Individual Earthquake Resilience Scale was developed with the aim of measuring individual resilience in the context of earthquake disasters. The purpose of this study was to adapt the Individual Earthquake Resilience Scale into Turkish and examine its psychometric properties. METHODS A total of 419 adult individuals (65.2% females, median age = 43.35) participated in the study. The psychometric properties of the scale were examined in terms of content validity, face validity, construct validity, criterion-related validity, and reliability. Translation and back-translation processes were conducted. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the scale has a 4-factor structure. In terms of criterion-related validity, a positive relationship was found between Individual Earthquake Resilience and the Short Psychological Resilience Scale. The reliability of the scale was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The total scale had a Cronbach's alpha score of 0.892. The Individual Earthquake Resilience Questionnaire subscales had Cronbach's alpha scores of 0.620, 0.817, 0.776, and 0.692, respectively. DISCUSSION The study confirmed that the 4-factor structure of the Individual Earthquake Resilience Scale met the required standards for validity and reliability at an acceptable level. This validates its use in assessing individual resilience within the context of earthquakes in a Turkish-speaking population.
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Tian Z, Kuang K, Wilson SR, Buzzanell PM, Ye J, Mao X, Wei H. Measuring resilience for Chinese-speaking populations: a systematic review of Chinese resilience scales. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1293857. [PMID: 38605848 PMCID: PMC11007233 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1293857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite the rapid growth of interdisciplinary resilience research in Chinese contexts, no study has systematically reviewed individual-level measurement scales for Chinese-speaking populations. We report a systematic review of scales developed for or translated/adapted to Chinese-speaking contexts, where we assessed how widely used scales fare in terms of their psychometric qualities. Methods Studies included in this review must have been published in peer-reviewed English or Chinese journals between 2015-2020 and included self-reported resilience scales in Chinese-speaking populations. Searches were conducted in PsycINFO, CNKI (completed in May 2021), and PubMed (completed in January 2024). We developed coding schemes for extracting relevant data and adapted and applied an existing evaluation framework to assess the most frequently used resilience scales by seven methodological criteria. Results Analyses of 963 qualified studies suggested that Chinese resilience scales were used in a diverse range of study contexts. Among 85 unique kinds of resilience measures, we highlighted and evaluated the three most frequently used translated scales and three locally developed scales (nine scales in total including variations such as short forms). In short, resilience studies in Chinese contexts relied heavily on the translated 25-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, which scored moderately on the overall quality. The locally developed Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents and Essential Resilience Scale received the best ratings but could use further development. Discussion We discussed how future work may advance widely used scales, and specified seven methodological recommendations for future resilience scale development with existing and new scales in and beyond the Chinese study contexts. We further addressed issues and challenges in measuring resilience as a process and called on researchers to further develop/evaluate process measures for Chinese-speaking populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Tian
- Department of Communication Studies, College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Kai Kuang
- School of Journalism and Communication, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Steven R. Wilson
- Department of Communication, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Patrice M. Buzzanell
- Department of Communication, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jinyi Ye
- School of Journalism and Communication, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyue Mao
- School of Journalism and Communication, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Wei
- School of Journalism and Communication, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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First JM. Post-traumatic stress and depression following disaster: examining the mediating role of disaster resilience. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1272909. [PMID: 38299076 PMCID: PMC10827879 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1272909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The current study used structural equation modeling to examine the role of disaster resilience as a mediator between disaster exposure and post-traumatic stress and depressive symptoms among a sample of 625 U.S. adults who experienced a disaster event. Results found that disaster resilience mediated the relationship between disaster exposure as a predictor and depression and post-traumatic stress as dependent variables. These findings have important implications for understanding the mechanisms by which disaster resilience supports post-disaster mental health and can inform future disaster mental health interventions and practice models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. First
- College of Social Work, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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Po BSK, Lam SKK, Chen YJ, Chien WT, Wong ENM, Wang EKS, Fung HW. Persistence and outcomes of ICD-11 complex PTSD in the community: A nine-month longitudinal investigation in Hong Kong. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 87:103696. [PMID: 37473613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stanley Kam Ki Lam
- Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | - Yu Jun Chen
- Mental Health Division, Department of Health, Taipei City Government, Taiwan.
| | - Wai Tong Chien
- Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | - Emily Nga Man Wong
- Department of Counselling and Psychology, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, North Point, Hong Kong.
| | - Edward K S Wang
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Hong Wang Fung
- Department of Social Work, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong.
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Ross M, Sagrera C, McPherson P, Gurgel Smith D, Alfrad Nobel Bhuiyan M, Tinsley M, Goeders N, Patterson J, Murnane K. Use of virtual meeting and survey technology to assess Covid-19-related mental well-being of healthcare workers. ETHICS, MEDICINE, AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 26:100860. [PMID: 36467267 PMCID: PMC9701645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2022.100860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background and aims Healthcare workers (HCWs) throughout the world have been exposed to economic and existential stress during the Covid-19 pandemic. The American Medical Association (AMA) has documented that increased healthcare burden correlates with increased stress, burnout, and psychological burden in HCWs. However, limits on personnel, time, and in person interactions make it challenging to assess mental health outcomes during a pandemic. This pilot study used virtual technology to efficiently assess these outcomes. Setting Data were collected based on voluntary participation in the Coping with Covid-19 for Caregivers Survey created by AMA. The survey was sent out to approximately 300 participants who included local physicians, medical residents, medical students, and allied health professionals and students who attended a virtual Mental Health Summit. Methods The AMA developed survey included questions about demographics, overall stress, fear of infection and transmission of the virus, perceived anxiety or depression due to Covid-19, work overload, childcare issues, and sense of meaning and purpose. The AMA allows for up to five additional questions to be added to their survey, therefore five questions regarding support service utilization, perseverance, and resilience during the Covid-19 pandemic, and two items to further understand students' areas of medical interest. The survey was administered using an online platform through the AMA. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results There were 81 survey respondents. Based on the results of the survey, "high stress" was found in 52 (64%) participants. 66 (81%) were afraid (moderately or to a great extent) of exposure or transmission, 61 (75%) described high levels of anxiety or depression, and 67 (84%) noted work overload. Despite this increase in stress, most respondents (77%) said they were not likely to reduce their devoted hours to clinical care or research in the next 12 months, and 81% answered that they would not leave their practice or research within two years. Conclusion Covid-19 has negatively affected the well-being of HCWs. This is a similar trend seen during other times of healthcare strain. Mental health support, work modulation, and various provisions should be explored as means to reduce Covid-19-related negative impacts. The use of an online summit and online data collection methods were appropriate for collecting data on the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on mental health. This pilot study supports the larger scale implementation of this technology for health informatics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.M. Ross
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA,Louisiana Addiction Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - C. Sagrera
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA,Louisiana Addiction Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - P. McPherson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA,Louisiana Addiction Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - D. Gurgel Smith
- Louisiana Addiction Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA,Department of Public Health, School of Allied Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - M. Alfrad Nobel Bhuiyan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - M.S. Tinsley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA,Louisiana Addiction Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Services, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - N.E. Goeders
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA,Louisiana Addiction Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neuroscience, School of Graduate Studies, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - J.C. Patterson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA,Louisiana Addiction Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neuroscience, School of Graduate Studies, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - K.S. Murnane
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA,Louisiana Addiction Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neuroscience, School of Graduate Studies, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA,Corresponding author at: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, 1501; Kings Highway, PO Box 33932, 71103 Shreveport, LA, USA
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Tang YM, Wu TL, Liu HT. Causal Model Analysis of the Effect of Formalism, Fear of Infection, COVID-19 Stress on Firefighters' Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome and Insomnia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1097. [PMID: 36673852 PMCID: PMC9859103 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As the front line of epidemic prevention, firefighters are responsible for the transportation of infected cases. Firefighters are under a lot of stress from the new COVID-19, especially the fear that they may contract the virus at work and spread the virus to their families. In particular, the framework of this study incorporates Riggs' formalism variables. When firefighters think that the epidemic prevention regulations are inconsistent with the actual epidemic prevention, it will increase their work pressure on COVID-19. In this study, firefighters from all over Taiwan were used as the respondents, and a total of 453 respondents were obtained. This study uses confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling to test the established hypotheses. The findings confirm that formalism, fear of self and family infection are positively influencing COVID-19 stress. COVID-19 stress positively affects PTSD and insomnia. COVID-19 stress negatively affects problem-focused strategies. Problem-focused strategies negatively affect post-traumatic stress disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ming Tang
- Asia Pacific Society of Fire Engineering, Kaohsiung City 825, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Wu
- Department of Leisure Management, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 84001, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Te Liu
- Department of Public Affairs and Administration, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
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DOĞRUER N, GÖKKAYA F, VOLKAN E, GÜLEÇ M. Predictors of Psychological Resilience: Childhood Trauma Experiences and Forgiveness. PSIKIYATRIDE GUNCEL YAKLASIMLAR - CURRENT APPROACHES IN PSYCHIATRY 2022. [DOI: 10.18863/pgy.1160408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Psychological resilience enables the person to come out of this situation in a strong way without being harmed after traumatic events. In our study, the relationship between experiencing childhood traumas, types of forgiveness and psychological resilience was examined. In addition, it was also investigated how childhood traumatic experiences and types of forgiveness (forgiving oneself, forgiving the situation, forgiving others) predict psychological resilience. In this study, which was conducted with the relational screening model, the relationships between the dependent variable “Psychological Resilience” and the independent variables “Childhood Traumas” and “Forgiveness” were examined by multiple linear regression analysis Enter method. Data were collected from a total of 366 participants, 236 of whom were women (64.5%) and 130 (35.5%) were men, living in the province of Istanbul. The Personal Information Form, Childhood Trauma Scale [CTS], Adult Resilience Scale [PDS] and Heartland Forgiveness Scale [HAS] were applied to the individuals in the sample. In the study, the relationships between the variables mentioned first were examined, the relationship was determined, and according to the results of the multiple linear regression analysis, it was determined that childhood traumas, self-forgiveness and forgiveness of the situation predicted psychological resilience, while forgiveness of others had no predictive effect. In the study, it was concluded that childhood trauma experiences negatively predicted psychological resilience, while self-forgiveness and forgiving the situation variables predicted it positively. It is thought that it is very important to study self-forgiveness, especially when working with childhood traumas in psychological trauma-based interventions and psychotherapy processes.
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12
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Lazzaroni E, Tosi D, Pontiggia S, Ermolli R, Borghesi L, Rigamonti V, Frisone E, Piconi S. Early psychological intervention in adult patients after hospitalization during COVID-19 pandemia. A single center observational study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1059134. [PMID: 36467161 PMCID: PMC9710094 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1059134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has represented an individual and collective trauma with an impact on mental health. COVID-19 survivors need to be screened for psychological distress regularly for timely intervention. After March 2020, an outpatients clinic for follow up of discharged COVID-19 patients was set up at Infectious Diseases Department of the Hospital of Lecco, Italy. Blood exams, specialistic visits were performed for each patients and IES-R and BDI scales were dispensed. 523 patients were referred to the clinic; 93 of them resulted positive at IES-R and/or BDI self-report and 58 agreed to have early interviews with psychologist specialist. Patients could receive only a short psychoeducation/psychological support intervention or in addition to the same, even a specific trauma-focused psychotherapeutic intervention with EMDR where clinically indicated. IES-R e BDI were administered pre- and post-intervention. The results show that the average of the post-traumatic stress scores detected at IES-R is above the clinical cut-off for the entire sample. There is an overall change in the decrease in mean scores on the IES and BDI scales before and after psychological intervention. Among the patients for whom psychopharmacological therapy was also necessary, those who had COVID-mourning in family improved the most at IES-R scale post- intervention. With respect to EMDR treatment, there is a significant improvement in depressive symptoms noticed at BDI for male patients who have received neither psychotropic drugs nor CPAP. Being hospitalized for coronavirus has a significant impact on the patient's mental health and it is a priority to arrange early screening to intercept psychological distress and give it an early response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Lazzaroni
- Department of Mental Health and Addictions, Asst Lecco, Lecco, Italy
| | - Davide Tosi
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University, Varese, Italy
| | - Silvia Pontiggia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Ospedale di Lecco, Asst Lecco, Lecco, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ermolli
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University, Varese, Italy
| | - Luca Borghesi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Ospedale di Lecco, Asst Lecco, Lecco, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefania Piconi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Ospedale di Lecco, Asst Lecco, Lecco, Italy
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13
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Psychological resilience and posttraumatic growth in adolescent survivors of earthquake: A 10-year cohort study. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 155:331-337. [PMID: 36174368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This 10-year cohort study explored whether individual differences in resilience during early stages post-earthquake could have diverse impacts on future PTG and whether the impacts varied by sex. 1357 Chinese adolescent survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake were assessed on their resilience at 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-months post-earthquake. 799 participants responded to an online survey 10 years later, and 744 of which provided useable data for subsequent analysis. Resilience trajectories were modeled using the latent class growth analysis. Linear regressions were used to test the predictive effects of different resilience trajectories on subsequent PTG. Of 744 samples (Mage=15.44, SD = 0.66 at baseline), 59.1% were females. Three trajectories of resilience were identified, including low resilience (19.8%), moderate resilience (58.7%), and high resilience (21.5%). Highly resilient participants reported greater PTG 10 years later (β = 0.12, 95%CI 0.60-6.08) after adjusting for demographic variables, earthquake exposure, negative life events, and mental health problems. Moreover, the same findings only existed in males (β = 0.22, 95%CI 1.26-11.01). Our findings highlight the importance of classifying survivors by resilience trajectories in order to better account for different implications on future PTG. Moreover, sex-specific programs are needed to provide tailored intervention.
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Xi Y, Elkana O, Jiao WE, Li D, Tao ZZ. Associations between social support and anxiety during the COVID-19 lockdown in young and middle-aged Israelis: A cross-sectional study. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:1194-1203. [PMID: 36186497 PMCID: PMC9521534 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i9.1194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the associations between social support and anxiety during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in an Israeli sample.
AIM To examine the associations between social support and anxiety during the COVID-19 in an Israeli sample.
METHODS Data for this cross-sectional study were retrieved from an online survey. Linear regression, logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were conducted to test for associations between social support and anxiety.
RESULTS A total of 655 individuals took part in the present study. In the univariate linear regression model, there is a negative correlation between the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 score (GAD-7) and the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (MSPSS) score. For MSPSS score, the multivariable adjusted regression coefficient and 95% confidence interval (CI) of GAD-7 score were -0.779 (-1.063 to -0.496). In the univariate logistic regression model, there was a negative correlation between anxiety (GAD-7 ≥ 9) and MSPSS score, and there was still a negative correlation in multivariate logical regression analysis. The odds ratios and 95%CI were 0.709 (0.563-0.894).
CONCLUSION Social support was inversely correlated with anxiety during COVID-19 in an Israeli sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Odelia Elkana
- Behavioral Sciences, Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Jaffa 61083, Israel
| | - Wo-Er Jiao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Di Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ze-Zhang Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
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Valladares-Garrido MJ, Zapata-Castro LE, Peralta CI, García-Vicente A, Astudillo-Rueda D, León-Figueroa DA, Díaz-Vélez C. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder after the 6.1 Magnitude Earthquake in Piura, Peru: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11035. [PMID: 36078753 PMCID: PMC9518033 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191711035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In Peru, major disasters like the 2007 Pisco earthquake have produced high rates of post-traumatic stress. However, evidence is still needed to strengthen interventions. In 2021, a major earthquake struck Piura, in northern Peru. In this context, we aimed to assess the prevalence of PTSD and its associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted during August-September 2021 in people who experienced the 6.1 Piura earthquake on 30 July 2021. The questionnaire included the PCL-C, CD-RISC, ISI, HFIAS, and additional demographic data. Generalized linear models were used. The prevalence of PTSD was 20.3%. Household income was between PEN 2001 and 3000 (PR = 4.26, 95% CI: 1.08-16.75), smoking (PR = 2.49, 95% CI: 1.03-6.01), experience of a nervous breakdown (PR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.09-3.09), moderate food insecurity (PR = 2.91, 95% CI: 1.10-7.73), and severe insomnia (PR = 8.25, 95% CI: 2.22-30.71) increased the prevalence of PTSD. One out of five individuals experienced post-traumatic stress symptoms after the 2021 earthquake in Piura, which varies depending on socioeconomic, psychosocial, and individual factors. Further research should strengthen these findings to ensure a fair and early mental health intervention against new seismic events in this and other Peruvian regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario J. Valladares-Garrido
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima 15046, Peru
- Hospital Regional Lambayeque, Chiclayo 14012, Peru
| | - Luis E. Zapata-Castro
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Piura, Piura 20002, Peru
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Piura (SOCIEMUNP), Piura 20002, Peru
| | - C. Ichiro Peralta
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima 15088, Peru
| | - Abigaíl García-Vicente
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Piura, Piura 20002, Peru
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Piura (SOCIEMUNP), Piura 20002, Peru
| | | | - Darwin A. León-Figueroa
- Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15013, Peru
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Chiclayo 14012, Peru
| | - Cristian Díaz-Vélez
- School of Medicine, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Trujillo 13008, Peru
- Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación-IETSI, EsSalud, Lima 15072, Peru
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Hsu WT, Chang HY, Lin G, Lo HWA, Huang JJ, Liao CH, Wu PJ, Chou FHC. Quality of Life Among Geriatric Community Members Following the Kaohsiung Gas Explosion: A 5-Year Cross-Sectional Study. J Psychiatr Pract 2022; 28:362-372. [PMID: 36074105 DOI: 10.1097/pra.0000000000000648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to conduct a follow-up study of the quality of life (QoL) and to measure lifestyle factors among the aging survivors of a petrochemical gas explosion in Taiwan 5 years after the event. METHODS A community-based survey with cross-sectional assessments was conducted with residents of a community who experienced a petrochemical gas explosion 5 years after the disaster. Short Form 12v2 (SF-12v2) was used to survey a representative sample of participants. RESULTS The risk factors for different QoL subscales were stressors and chronic physical illness, and the protective factors were higher income and better diet and exercise habits. The elderly participants had better diet and exercise habits than the younger participants in this survey. Aging had a negative impact on the physical QoL subscales [physical functioning (PF), bodily pain (BP), general health (GH), Physical Component Summary (PCS)] but a positive impact on psychological QoL subscales [vitality (VT), social functioning (SF), emotional problems (RE), mental health (MH), Mental Health Component Summary (MCS)]. CONCLUSIONS While participants' psychiatric status had improved after 5 years, their QoL continued to be affected, especially in those with stress and physical illness. The elderly groups maintained a relatively acceptable QoL in terms of psychological aspects. Postdisaster treatment and follow-up should be addressed to a greater degree, especially in victims with mental illness or chronic illness and those with fewer socioeconomic resources.
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Wang D, Chen X, Zhai S, Fan F. Gratitude and internalizing/externalizing symptoms among adolescents after the Wenchuan earthquake: Mediating roles of social support and resilience. J Adolesc 2022; 94:867-879. [DOI: 10.1002/jad.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Wang
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science South China Normal University Guangzhou China
| | - Xiao‐Yan Chen
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science South China Normal University Guangzhou China
| | - Shuyi Zhai
- Faculty of Medicine McGill University Montreal Québec Canada
| | - Fang Fan
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science South China Normal University Guangzhou China
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18
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Shu Y, Lin W, Yang J, Huang P, Li B, Zhang X. How social support predicts anxiety among university students during COVID-19 control phase: Mediating roles of self-esteem and resilience. ANALYSES OF SOCIAL ISSUES AND PUBLIC POLICY : ASAP 2022; 22:ASAP12314. [PMID: 35936873 PMCID: PMC9347583 DOI: 10.1111/asap.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Public health emergency, such as COVID-19 pandemic, generally has severe impacts on mental health in public. One of the often-neglected negative consequences is that the control and prevention measures of COVID-19 in the post-epidemic can pose psychological threats to public mental health. This study aimed to seek the factors and mechanisms to alleviate this mental health threat based on a sample of university students in China. Accordingly, this study proposed an environmental-individual interaction model examining the multiple mediating effects of self-esteem and resilience in the association between social support and anxiety among university students during COVID-19 control phase. A questionnaire containing multiple scales were administered on the sample of 2734 Chinese university students. Results indicated that social support negatively predicted anxiety through the serial mediating effects of self-esteem and resilience sequentially. Our results highlight the impact of social support and the internal factors on relieving anxiety among university students in COVID-19 control phase. Findings suggest that effective psychological intervention tools should be designed and offered to college students to reduce anxiety distress and improve mental health in the post-epidemic era or the similar situations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacong Shu
- School of PsychologyJiangxi Normal UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Wenzheng Lin
- School of PsychologyJiangxi Normal UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Jia Yang
- School of PsychologyJiangxi Normal UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Pengfei Huang
- School of PsychologyJiangxi Normal UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Biqin Li
- School of PsychologyJiangxi Normal UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of PsychologyJiangxi Normal UniversityNanchangChina
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19
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Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, Physical Illness, and Social Adjustment Among Disaster Victims. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2022; 17:e195. [PMID: 35593424 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2022.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Posttraumatic stress disorder is one of the most studied outcomes after a disaster. Posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are maladaptive and disabling and can severely impair affected individuals' psychosocial functioning and quality of life. Consequently, the objective of this research is to investigate the prevalence of PTSS and physical illness among disaster victims. METHODS We analyzed disaster victims' survey data in South Korea 1 year after a natural disaster (n = 1659). Then, we performed multivariable comparisons of social and work adjustments between individuals with PTSS and individuals with physical illness to examine the association between PTSS and functional impairment. RESULTS Individuals with PTSS had a significant association with work and social maladjustments whether or not they had a physical illness; PTSS (+) physical illness (-) group (OR: 1.18, CI: 1.12-1.26, P < 0.001) and PTSS (+) physical illness (+) group (OR: 1.16, CI: 1.08-1.23, P < 0.001). Interestingly, this association was not significant in the group that exclusively presented physical illness. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that PTSS might be a critical factor in social maladjustment during the post-disaster period. Subsequently, an assessment of disaster victims' PTSS would help ensure effective medical and governmental approaches to assist disaster victims.
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Yang YS, Bae SM. Association between resilience, social support, and institutional trust and post-traumatic stress disorder after natural disasters. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2022; 37:39-44. [PMID: 35337437 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Disasters can cause significant personal and social distress and adversely affect mental health. Compared with research on the risk factors of post-disaster post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), limited studies have reported protective factors against PTSD. We investigated whether resilience, social support, and trust in government were associated with PTSD in disaster survivors, after adjustment for the perceived damage and demographic variables including sex, age, and economic status. We investigated 2311 disaster survivors, using data from the "Long-term survey on the change of life of Disaster victim" performed by NDMI(National Disaster Management Research Institute). Hierarchical regression analysis was used in this study. A high level of trust in institutions was associated with few PTSD symptoms after adjustment for resilience and social support. Among the subfactors of institutional trust, psychological counseling and environmental and facility restoration were associated with PTSD. Psychological counseling and environmental and facility restoration support for disaster survivors were associated with reduced PTSD symptoms. Post-disaster policy support, including psychological counseling and environmental and facility restoration services, is important. Our findings highlight the protective factors against PTSD symptoms and may serve as guidelines for specific interventions for the management of post-disaster PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Seul Yang
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Man Bae
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, College of Health Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
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Wakhid A, Hamid AYS, Setiawan A, Mustikasari M. Symptoms Description of Family Post Traumatic Stress Disorder of the Mount Merapi Eruption Disaster Victims during Covid19. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Volcano disaster can cause psychological problems such as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD is an anxiety disorder caused by a scary or frightening, unpleasant and challenging event or experience with physical abuse or threatened feeling.
AIM: The purpose of this study was to describe the symptoms of PTSD experienced by families after the volcanic eruption disaster in Magelang Regency.
METHODOLOGY: This research was conducted with a descriptive-analytic strategy. The research population was community aged 15–64 years, with a total of 574 people, and 86 respondents were selected as samples using a quota sampling technique.
RESULTS: The results show that the majority of respondents experience symptoms of PTSD in the mild category as many as 60 respondents with a percentage of 68.9%. However, there are two respondents included in the severe category. The results of this study are expected to be the basis for the community and other institutions to pay attention to the symptoms of PTSD.
CONCLUSION: Respondents who are categorized as experiencing weight PTSD symptoms are expected to conduct further examinations at health services immediately; therefore, PTSD can be handled.
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22
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Kumar S, Lee NK, Pinkerton E, Wroblewski KE, Lengyel E, Tobin M. Resilience: a mediator of the negative effects of pandemic-related stress on women's mental health in the USA. Arch Womens Ment Health 2022; 25:137-146. [PMID: 34651237 PMCID: PMC8516405 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-021-01184-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The role of resilience in mediating the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of US women is poorly understood. We examined socioeconomic factors associated with low resilience in women, the relationship of low resilience with psychiatric morbidity, and the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between pandemic-related stress and other coincident psychiatric morbidities. Using a quota-based sample from a national panel, we conducted a web-based survey of 3200 US women in April 2020. Weighted, multivariate logistic regression was used to model the odds of pandemic-related stress, and coincident depression and anxiety symptoms among those with and without low resilience. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate resilience as a mediator of the relationship between pandemic-related stress and other coincident psychiatric morbidities. Risk factors for low resilience included younger age, lower household income, lower education, unemployment, East/Southeast Asian race, unmarried/unpartnered status, and higher number of medical comorbidities. Low resilience was significantly associated with greater odds of depression symptoms (OR = 3.78, 95% CI [3.10-4.60]), anxiety symptoms (OR = 4.17, 95% CI [3.40-5.11]), and pandemic-related stress (OR = 2.86, 95% CI [2.26-3.26]). Resilience acted as a partial mediator in the association between pandemic-related stress and anxiety symptoms (proportion mediated = 0.23) and depression symptoms (proportion mediated = 0.28). In the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, low resilience mediated the association between pandemic-related stress and psychiatric morbidity. Strategies proven to enhance resilience, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based stress reduction, and addressing socioeconomic factors, may help mitigate mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL, MC307760637, USA
| | - Nita Karnik Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth Pinkerton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kristen E Wroblewski
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ernst Lengyel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marie Tobin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL, MC307760637, USA.
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23
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Chi X, Huang L, Hall DL, Li R, Liang K, Hossain MM, Guo T. Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Among Chinese College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study. Front Public Health 2021; 9:759379. [PMID: 34900908 PMCID: PMC8655775 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.759379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A longitudinal assessment of the prevalence of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and risk factors is indispensable for further prevention and/or treatment. The longitudinal web-based survey enrolled 1,164 college students in China. Measured at two time points (February and August 2020), PTSS, demographic information, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), resilience and self-compassion information were collected to explicate the prevalence and predictors of PTSS concurrently and over time. Results showed that although PTSS generally declined throughout the 6 months after the outbreak of COVID-19, the prevalence remained relatively high. Resilience and self-compassion negatively predicted PTSS concurrently and longitudinally. While subjective family socioeconomic status (SES) and ACEs at Wave 1 did not predict PTSS under COVID-19 at Wave 1, but both significantly predicted PTSS at Wave 2. Findings implicate potential targets for detecting and intervening on symptoms of trauma in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Chi
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liuyue Huang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Daniel L. Hall
- Health Policy Research Center, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Raissa Li
- Health Policy Research Center, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kaixin Liang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Md Mahbub Hossain
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Tianyou Guo
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Chen Y, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Li Z, Zhou T. The Effect of Fear of the COVID-19 on Depression Among Chinese Outbound Students Studying Online in China Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic Period: The Role of Resilience and Social Support. Front Psychol 2021; 12:750011. [PMID: 34721231 PMCID: PMC8554294 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.750011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The present study focused on examining fear of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is correlated with depression and explored the potential role of resilience and social support on the association between fear of the COVID-19 (FoC) and depression among Chinese outbound students studying online in China amid the COVID-19 pandemic period. Methods: A total of 476 Chinese outbound students from different universities worldwide, currently studying via online mode in China, completed an online survey including measures on FoC, resilience, social support, and depression. Results: (1) Fear of the COVID-19 was positively correlated with depression and negatively correlated with resilience and social support. Both resilience and social support were negatively correlated with depression. Social support showed a positive correlation with resilience. (2) The effect of FoC on depression mainly occurred through two paths: the mediating effect of resilience and the moderating effect of resilience. However, the moderating effect of social support on the association between FoC and depression was not sustained in this study. Conclusion: This study indicated the mediating and moderating effects of resilience on the association between FoC and depression among Chinese outbound students studying online in China during the COVID-19 pandemic period. The current findings confirmed that resilience has significant implications in preventing negative mental states under the COVID-19 context among this particular group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikang Chen
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Tianshu Zhou
- Department of Asian and International Studies, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR China
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25
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Lazzaroni E, Invernizzi R, Fogliato E, Pagani M, Maslovaric G. Coronavirus Disease 2019 Emergency and Remote Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Group Therapy With Adolescents and Young Adults: Overcoming Lockdown With the Butterfly Hug. Front Psychol 2021; 12:701381. [PMID: 34512458 PMCID: PMC8424043 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.701381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has represented an individual and collective trauma with an impact on mental health. Restrictive measures such as lockdowns have increased risk factors for the development or triggering of various psychopathologies. Timely psychological intervention has constituted a protective factor that has been indicated as a form of prevention. The main objective of this study was to measure changes in the levels of traumatic stress and anxiety in a clinical population of adolescents and young adults aged 13 to 24 years – already assisted by the local primary and specialty care services before the pandemic – following a trauma-focused psychotherapeutic group intervention according to the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing protocol, conducted remotely before the end of the first lockdown. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scales, and the Emotion Thermometer were administered pre- and post-treatment. At the end of the treatment, the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) questionnaire was administered. The results show that there was a significant improvement pre- and post-intervention in the scores of the scales STAI, IES-R, and Emotion Thermometer with a reduction in post-traumatic symptoms related in particular to the domains of intrusiveness and hyperarousal. The domain of avoidance was less significantly modified by therapy. This overall clinical improvement did not correlate with any of the demographic variables of the sample. In addition, the results show a significant positive global perceived change (PTGI) that did not correlate with the reduction of anxiety or post-traumatic symptoms measured by the other self-report scales. The explored use of telemedicine has revealed a valuable clinical opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marco Pagani
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Rome, Italy
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Posttraumatic stress disorder and professional burnout among local government staff seven years after the Wenchuan earthquake in China: A longitudinal study. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 61:102689. [PMID: 34004459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Although local government staff are crucial in post-quake reconstruction, their long-term psychological and professional consequences remain unclear. This longitudinal study investigated changes of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and professional burnout over seven years, and their underlying relationship. The study assessed 250 staff at one year (T1y) after the earthquake, and 162 (64.8 %) were followed up at seven years (T7y). PTSD and professional burnout were assessed with the Short Screening Scale for DSM-IV PTSD and the burnout subscale of Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL), respectively, at both time points. Longitudinal changes in PTSD and burnout were examined and cross-lagged panel analyses were conducted to test the relationship between PTSD and burnout. The rates of positive cases of PTSD screening were 23.2 % at T1y and 11.1 % at T7y. The percentages of moderate burnout were 61.7 % at T1y and 23.5 % at T7y. Scores of PTSD (z = -5.70, p < 0.001) and burnout (t = 10.07, p < 0.001) from T1y to T7y decreased. The cross-lagged analysis indicated that burnout at T1y predicted PTSD at T7y (β = 0.19, p = 0.025). In conclusion, the Wenchuan earthquake has long-lasting negative effects on local government staff, although they can recover over time. Interventions to reduce professional burnout after disaster may does be beneficial to decrease the risk of PTSD in the long run.
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Mohebbian B, Najafi M, Sabahi P. The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on sleep quality, resilience, and optimism. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01944-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sahil , Sood SK. Fog-assisted Energy Efficient Cyber Physical System for Panic-based Evacuation during Disasters. THE COMPUTER JOURNAL 2021. [PMCID: PMC8135371 DOI: 10.1093/comjnl/bxaa201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Disasters around the world have adversely affected every aspect of life and panic-health of stranded persons is one such category. An effective and on-time evacuation from disaster-affected areas can avoid any panic-related health problems of the stranded persons. Although the nature of disasters differ in terms of how they occur, the evacuation of stranded persons faces approximately same set of issues related to the communication, time-sensitive computation and energy efficiency of the devices operated in the disaster-affected areas. In this paper, a cyber physical system (CPS) is proposed that takes into account various challenges of the disaster evacuation, so an efficient on-time and orderly evacuation of stranded panicked persons could be realized. The system employs fog-assisted mobile and UAV devices for time-sensitive computation services, data relaying and energy-aware computation. The system uses a fog-assisted two-factor energy-aware computation approach using data reduction, which enables the energy-efficient data reception and transmission (DRecTrans) operations at the fog nodes and compensates to extend the period for other functionalities. The data reduction at fog devices employs Novel Events Identification (NEI) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for detecting consecutive duplicate traffic and data summarization of high dimensional data, respectively. The proposed system operates in two spaces: physical and cyber. Physical space facilitates real-world data acquisition and information sharing with the concerned stakeholders (stranded persons, evacuation teams and medical professionals). The cyber space houses various data-analytics layers and comprises of two subspaces: fog and cloud. The fog space helps in providing real-time panic-health diagnostic and alert services and enables the optimized energy consumption of devices operate in disaster-affected areas, whereas the cloud space facilitates the monitoring and prediction of panic severity of the stranded persons, using a conditional probabilistic model and seasonal auto regression integrated moving average (SARIMA), respectively. Cloud space also facilitates the disaster mapping for converging the evacuation map to the actual situation of the disaster-affected area, and geographical population analysis (GPA) for the identification of the panic severity-based critical regions. The performance evaluation of the proposed CPS acknowledges its Logistic Regression-based panic-well being determination and real-time alert generation efficiency. The simulated implementation of NEI and PCA depicts the fog-assisted energy efficiency of the DRecTrans operations of the fog nodes. The performance evaluation of the proposed CPS also acknowledges the prediction efficiency of the SARIMA and disaster mapping accuracy through GPA. The proposed system also discusses a case study related to the pandemic disaster of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), where the system can help in panic-based selective testing of the persons, and preventing panic due to distressing period of COVID-19 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandeep Kumar Sood
- Department of Computer Applications, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, HR, India
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Zhang X, Gao Y, Dai X, Zhou J, Yan L, Hou F, Yuan P, Wen J. Health-related quality of life among survivors in minority area 2 years after Jiuzhaigou earthquake: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25089. [PMID: 33725900 PMCID: PMC7969211 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and related factors, the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among earthquake survivors in minority area 2 years after Jiuzhaigou earthquake.Two years after the Jiuzhaigou earthquake, a cross-sectional survey was conducted by a multi-stage sampling approach. HRQoL was measured by the short form 12 (SF-12), PTSD was measured by the PTSD Check List-Civilian Version (PCL-C), and social support was measured by the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis were used for data analysis.Of the 561 participants, the mean scores on the physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) were 46.36 ± 12.79 and 55.03 ± 8.73, and 5.73% reported the symptoms of PTSD. Lower PCS and MCS after an earthquake were associated with elderly age, physical illness, and low level of social support (P < .05). Meanwhile, PTSD was significantly associated with MCS.These findings showed that physical disease and psychological symptoms can adversely affect the HRQoL of survivors. Moreover, providing higher social support to survivors should be considered as a way to improve the HRQoL outcomes of survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health
| | - Yuyang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health
| | - Xuemei Dai
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health
| | - Liuqing Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health
| | - Furang Hou
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health
| | - Jin Wen
- Institute of Hospital Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Shi X, Wang S, Wang Z, Fan F. The resilience scale: factorial structure, reliability, validity, and parenting-related factors among disaster-exposed adolescents. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:145. [PMID: 33691656 PMCID: PMC7945311 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03153-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we examined psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Resilience Scale (RS) and parenting-related factors associated with resilience among disaster-exposed adolescents. METHODS Eighteen months after the earthquake, a total of 1266 adolescents (43.4% male, mean age = 15.98; SD = 1.28) were assessed using the RS, the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Self-Rating Scale, the Depression Self-rating Scale for Children, the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders, and Parental Bonding Instrument. RESULTS Through exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) and parallel analysis, responses were characterized into a 3-factor structure: personal competence, meaningfulness, and acceptance of self and life. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the RS was 0.89 and the test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.72. In terms of predictive validity, resilience was found to be a significant predictor for PTSD, depression, and anxiety. Multiple regression analysis showed that maternal parenting styles were significant predictors of resilience after adjusting for gender, age, sibling number, and earthquake experiences. CONCLUSIONS The Chinese version of RS is a reliable and valid tool for assessing resilience among adolescent survivors after disasters. The implications for research and resilience-oriented interventions were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuliang Shi
- School of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China.
| | - Shuo Wang
- grid.256885.40000 0004 1791 4722School of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002 Hebei China
| | - Zhen Wang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of Public Administration, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Dongguan, 510520 Guangdong China
| | - Fang Fan
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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Yan S, Xu R, Stratton TD, Kavcic V, Luo D, Hou F, Bi F, Jiao R, Song K, Jiang Y. Sex differences and psychological stress: responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in China. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:79. [PMID: 33413224 DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.29.20084061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 83,000 COVID-19 patients were confirmed in China up to May 2020. Amid the well-documented threats to physical health, the effects of this public health crisis - and the varied efforts to contain its spread - have altered individuals' "normal" daily functioning. These impacts on social, psychological, and emotional well-being remain relatively unexplored - in particular, the ways in which Chinese men and women experience and respond to potential behavioral stressors. Our study investigated sex differences in psychological stress, emotional reactions, and behavioral responses to COVID-19 and related threats among Chinese residents. METHODS In late February (2020), an anonymous online questionnaire was disseminated via WeChat, a popular social media platform in China. The cross-sectional study utilized a non-probabilistic "snowball" or convenience sampling of residents from various provinces and regions of China. Basic demographic characteristics (e.g., age and gender) - along with residential living arrangements and conditions - were measured along with psychological stress and emotional responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Three thousand eighty-eight questionnaires were returned: 1749 females (56.6%) and 1339 males (43.4%). The mean stress level,as measured by a visual analog scale, was 3.4 (SD = 2.4) - but differed significantly by sex. Besides sex, factors positively associated with stress included: age (< 45 years), employment (unsteady income, unemployed), risk of infection (exposureto COVID-19, completed medical observation), difficulties encountered (diseases, work/study, financial, mental), and related behaviors (higher desire for COVID-19 knowledge, more time concerning on the COVID-19 outbreak). "Protective" factors included frequent contact with colleagues, calmness of mood comparing with the pre-pandemic, and psychological resilience. Males and females also differed significantly in adapting to current living/working, conditions, responding to run a fever, and needing psychological support services. CONCLUSIONS The self-reported stress of Chinese residents related to the COVID-19 pandemic was significantly related to sex, age, employment, resilience and coping styles. Future responses to such public health threats may wish to provide sex- and/or age-appropriate supports for psychological health and emotional well-being to those at greatest risk of experiencing stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Yan
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Terry D Stratton
- Department of Behavioral Science, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Voyko Kavcic
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Dan Luo
- School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Fengsu Hou
- Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Guangzhou, 518020, China
| | - Fengying Bi
- School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Jiao
- The First Clinical College, Hainan Meidical University, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Kangxing Song
- The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Behavioral Science, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
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Yan S, Xu R, Stratton TD, Kavcic V, Luo D, Hou F, Bi F, Jiao R, Song K, Jiang Y. Sex differences and psychological stress: responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in China. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:79. [PMID: 33413224 PMCID: PMC7789895 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-10085-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 83,000 COVID-19 patients were confirmed in China up to May 2020. Amid the well-documented threats to physical health, the effects of this public health crisis - and the varied efforts to contain its spread - have altered individuals' "normal" daily functioning. These impacts on social, psychological, and emotional well-being remain relatively unexplored - in particular, the ways in which Chinese men and women experience and respond to potential behavioral stressors. Our study investigated sex differences in psychological stress, emotional reactions, and behavioral responses to COVID-19 and related threats among Chinese residents. METHODS In late February (2020), an anonymous online questionnaire was disseminated via WeChat, a popular social media platform in China. The cross-sectional study utilized a non-probabilistic "snowball" or convenience sampling of residents from various provinces and regions of China. Basic demographic characteristics (e.g., age and gender) - along with residential living arrangements and conditions - were measured along with psychological stress and emotional responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Three thousand eighty-eight questionnaires were returned: 1749 females (56.6%) and 1339 males (43.4%). The mean stress level,as measured by a visual analog scale, was 3.4 (SD = 2.4) - but differed significantly by sex. Besides sex, factors positively associated with stress included: age (< 45 years), employment (unsteady income, unemployed), risk of infection (exposureto COVID-19, completed medical observation), difficulties encountered (diseases, work/study, financial, mental), and related behaviors (higher desire for COVID-19 knowledge, more time concerning on the COVID-19 outbreak). "Protective" factors included frequent contact with colleagues, calmness of mood comparing with the pre-pandemic, and psychological resilience. Males and females also differed significantly in adapting to current living/working, conditions, responding to run a fever, and needing psychological support services. CONCLUSIONS The self-reported stress of Chinese residents related to the COVID-19 pandemic was significantly related to sex, age, employment, resilience and coping styles. Future responses to such public health threats may wish to provide sex- and/or age-appropriate supports for psychological health and emotional well-being to those at greatest risk of experiencing stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Yan
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Terry D Stratton
- Department of Behavioral Science, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Voyko Kavcic
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Dan Luo
- School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Fengsu Hou
- Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Guangzhou, 518020, China
| | - Fengying Bi
- School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Jiao
- The First Clinical College, Hainan Meidical University, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Kangxing Song
- The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Behavioral Science, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
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Risk and Resilience Factors For Psychosocial Impact In Healthcare Workers During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review. ANADOLU KLINIĞI TIP BILIMLERI DERGISI 2020. [DOI: 10.21673/anadoluklin.783596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Liang L, Gao T, Ren H, Cao R, Qin Z, Hu Y, Li C, Mei S. Post-traumatic stress disorder and psychological distress in Chinese youths following the COVID-19 emergency. J Health Psychol 2020; 25:1164-1175. [PMID: 32627606 PMCID: PMC7342938 DOI: 10.1177/1359105320937057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the relationship between psychological distress and post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese participants as the result of COVID-19 outbreak. This study was conducted within 1 month after COVID-19 appeared in China, it included 570 participants age from 14 to 35. The results indicated that 12.8% of all participants with the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and the effects of psychological distress on post-traumatic stress disorder was mediated by negative coping style. Gender moderated the direct effect between psychological distress and post-traumatic stress disorder, which is a significant discovery for relevant departments to take further measures.
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