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Grčević D, Sanjay A, Lorenzo J. Interactions of B-lymphocytes and bone cells in health and disease. Bone 2023; 168:116296. [PMID: 34942359 PMCID: PMC9936888 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Bone remodeling occurs through the interactions of three major cell lineages, osteoblasts, which mediate bone formation, osteocytes, which derive from osteoblasts, sense mechanical force and direct bone turnover, and osteoclasts, which mediate bone resorption. However, multiple additional cell types within the bone marrow, including macrophages, T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes influence the process. The bone marrow microenvironment, which is supported, in part, by bone cells, forms a nurturing network for B lymphopoiesis. In turn, developing B lymphocytes influence bone cells. Bone health during homeostasis depends on the normal interactions of bone cells with other lineages in the bone marrow. In disease state these interactions become pathologic and can cause abnormal function of bone cells and inadequate repair of bone after a fracture. This review summarizes what is known about the development of B lymphocytes and the interactions of B lymphocytes with bone cells in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danka Grčević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Archana Sanjay
- Department of Orthopaedics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | - Joseph Lorenzo
- Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
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Alexander KA, Tseng HW, Kulina I, Fleming W, Vaquette C, Genêt F, Ruitenberg MJ, Lévesque JP. Lymphocytes Are Not Required for Neurogenic Heterotopic Ossification Development after Spinal Cord Injury. Neurotrauma Rep 2022; 3:87-96. [PMID: 35317305 PMCID: PMC8935476 DOI: 10.1089/neur.2021.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenic heterotopic ossifications (NHOs) are incapacitating complications of traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries (SCI) that manifest as abnormal bone formation in periarticular muscles. Using a unique model of NHO after SCI in genetically unmodified mice, we have previously established that the innate immune system plays a key driving role in NHO pathogenesis. The role of adaptive immune cells in NHO pathogenesis, however, remains unexplored in this model. Here we established that B lymphocytes were reduced in the spleen and blood after SCI and increased in muscles of mice in which NHO develops, whereas minimal changes in T cell frequencies were noted. Interestingly, Rag1-/- mice lacking mature T and B lymphocytes, developed NHO, similar to wild-type mice. Finally, mice that underwent splenectomy before SCI and muscle damage also developed NHO to the same extent as non-splenectomized SCI controls. Overall, our findings show that functional T and B lymphocytes have minimal influence or dispensable contributions to NHO development after experimental SCI in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie A. Alexander
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hsu-Wen Tseng
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Irina Kulina
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Whitney Fleming
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Cedryck Vaquette
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - François Genêt
- UPOH (Unité Péri Opératoire du Handicap, Perioperative Disability Unit), Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Garches, France
- Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University (UVSQ); UFR Simone Veil—Santé, END: ICAP, Inserm U1179, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Lévesque
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
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Flevas DA, Papageorgiou MG, Drakopoulos P, Lambrou GI. The Role of Immune System Cells in Fracture Healing: Review of the Literature and Current Concepts. Cureus 2021. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Stefanowski J, Fiedler AF, Köhler M, Günther R, Liublin W, Tschaikner M, Rauch A, Reismann D, Matthys R, Nützi R, Bixel MG, Adams RH, Niesner RA, Duda GN, Hauser AE. Limbostomy: Longitudinal Intravital Microendoscopy in Murine Osteotomies. Cytometry A 2020; 97:483-495. [PMID: 32196971 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bone healing involves the interplay of immune cells, mesenchymal cells, and vasculature over the time course of regeneration. Approaches to quantify the spatiotemporal aspects of bone healing at cellular resolution during long bone healing do not yet exist. Here, a novel technique termed Limbostomy is presented, which combines intravital microendoscopy with an osteotomy. This design allows a modular combination of an internal fixator plate with a gradient refractive index (GRIN) lens at various depths in the bone marrow and can be combined with a surgical osteotomy procedure. The field of view (FOV) covers a significant area of the fracture gap and allows monitoring cellular processes in vivo. The GRIN lens causes intrinsic optical aberrations which have to be corrected. The optical system was characterized and a postprocessing algorithm was developed. It corrects for wave front aberration-induced image plane deformation and for background and noise signals, enabling us to observe subcellular processes. Exemplarily, we quantitatively and qualitatively analyze angiogenesis in bone regeneration. We make use of a transgenic reporter mouse strain with nucleargreen fluorescent protein and membrane-bound tdTomato under the Cadherin-5 promoter. We observe two phases of vascularization. First, rapid vessel sprouting pervades the FOV within 3-4 days after osteotomy. Second, the vessel network continues to be dynamically remodeled until the end of our observation time, 14 days after surgery. Limbostomy opens a unique set of opportunities and allows further insight on spatiotemporal aspects of bone marrow biology, for example, hematopoiesis, analysis of cellular niches, immunological memory, and vascularization in the bone marrow during health and disease. © 2020 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Stefanowski
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander F Fiedler
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Freie Universitat Berlin, Veterinary Medicine, Dynamic and Functional in vivo Imaging, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Köhler
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Freie Universitat Berlin, Veterinary Medicine, Dynamic and Functional in vivo Imaging, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Günther
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wjatscheslaw Liublin
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Tschaikner
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ariana Rauch
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Reismann
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ralf H Adams
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Raluca A Niesner
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Freie Universitat Berlin, Veterinary Medicine, Dynamic and Functional in vivo Imaging, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg N Duda
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja E Hauser
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Gruber R. Osteoimmunology: Inflammatory osteolysis and regeneration of the alveolar bone. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46 Suppl 21:52-69. [PMID: 30623453 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Osteoimmunology covers the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for inflammatory osteolysis that culminates in the degradation of alveolar bone. Osteoimmunology also focuses on the interplay of immune cells with bone cells during bone remodelling and regeneration. The aim of this review was to provide insights into how osteoimmunology affects alveolar bone health and disease. METHOD This review is based on a narrative approach to assemble mouse models that provide insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms causing inflammatory osteolysis and on the impact of immune cells on alveolar bone regeneration. RESULTS Mouse models have revealed the molecular pathways by which microbial and other factors activate immune cells that initiate an inflammatory response. The inflammation-induced alveolar bone loss occurs with the concomitant suppression of bone formation. Mouse models also showed that immune cells contribute to the resolution of inflammation and bone regeneration, even though studies with a focus on alveolar socket healing are rare. CONCLUSIONS Considering that osteoimmunology is evolutionarily conserved, osteolysis removes the cause of inflammation by provoking tooth loss. The impact of immune cells on bone regeneration is presumably a way to reinitiate the developmental mechanisms of intramembranous and endochondral bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Giannobile WV, Berglundh T, Al-Nawas B, Araujo M, Bartold PM, Bouchard P, Chapple I, Gruber R, Lundberg P, Sculean A, Lang NP, Lyngstadaas P, Kebschull M, Galindo-Moreno P, Schwartz Z, Shapira L, Stavropoulos A, Reseland J. Biological factors involved in alveolar bone regeneration: Consensus report of Working Group 1 of the 15 th European Workshop on Periodontology on Bone Regeneration. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46 Suppl 21:6-11. [PMID: 31215113 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To describe the biology of alveolar bone regeneration. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four comprehensive reviews were performed on (a) mesenchymal cells and differentiation factors leading to bone formation; (b) the critical interplay between bone resorbing and formative cells; (c) the role of osteoimmunology in the formation and maintenance of alveolar bone; and (d) the self-regenerative capacity following bone injury or tooth extraction were prepared prior to the workshop. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS This summary information adds to the fuller understanding of the alveolar bone regenerative response with implications to reconstructive procedures for patient oral rehabilitation. The group collectively formulated and addressed critical questions based on each of the reviews in this consensus report to advance the field. The report concludes with identified areas of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- William V Giannobile
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tord Berglundh
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bilal Al-Nawas
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, J. Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - P Mark Bartold
- School of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Iain Chapple
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pernilla Lundberg
- Department of Odontology, Division of Molecular Periodontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Moritz Kebschull
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Lior Shapira
- Department of Periodontology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In the process of bone fracture healing, inflammation is thought to be an essential process that precedes bone formation and remodeling. We review recent studies on bone fracture healing from an osteoimmunological point of view. RECENT FINDINGS Based on previous observations that many types of immune cells infiltrate into the bone injury site and release a variety of molecules, recent studies have addressed the roles of specific immune cell subsets. Macrophages and interleukin (IL)-17-producing γδ T cells enhance bone healing, whereas CD8+ T cells impair bone repair. Additionally, IL-10-producing B cells may contribute to bone healing by suppressing excessive and/or prolonged inflammation. Although the involvement of other cells and molecules has been suggested, the precise underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Accumulating evidence has begun to reveal the deeper picture of bone fracture healing. Further studies are required for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for bone fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehito Ono
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takayanagi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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Skoloudik L, Chrobok V, Kalfert D, Koci Z, Sykova E, Chumak T, Popelar J, Syka J, Laco J, Dedková J, Dayanithi G, Filip S. Human Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in the Treatment of Postoperative Temporal Bone Defect: An Animal Model. Cell Transplant 2016; 25:1405-14. [DOI: 10.3727/096368915x689730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Canal wall down mastoidectomy is one of the most effective treatments for cholesteatoma. However, it results in anatomical changes in the external and middle ear with a negative impact on the patient's quality of life. To provide complete closure of the mastoid cavity and normalize the anatomy of the middle and external ear, we used human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs), GMP grade, in a guinea pig model. A method for preparing a biomaterial composed of hMSCs, hydroxyapatite, and tissue glue was developed. Animals from the treated group were implanted with biomaterial composed of hydroxyapatite and hMSCs, while animals in the control group received hydroxyapatite alone. When compared to controls, the group implanted with hMSCs showed a significantly higher ratio of new bone formation ( p = 0.00174), as well as a significantly higher volume percentage of new immature bone ( p = 0.00166). Our results proved a beneficial effect of hMSCs on temporal bone formation and provided a promising tool to improve the quality of life of patients after canal wall down mastoidectomy by hMSC implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Skoloudik
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Hradec Kralové, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralové, Hradec Kralové, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Chrobok
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Hradec Kralové, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralové, Hradec Kralové, Czech Republic
| | - David Kalfert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Hradec Kralové, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralové, Hradec Kralové, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Koci
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Neuroscience, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Bioinova, Ltd., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Sykova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Neuroscience, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tetyana Chumak
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Popelar
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Syka
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Laco
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, University Hospital Hradec Kralové, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralové, Hradec Kralové, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Dedková
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Hradec Kralové, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralové, Hradec Kralové, Czech Republic
| | - Govindan Dayanithi
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Molecular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité de recherche U1198, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes-Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Stanislav Filip
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralové, Hradec Kralové, Czech Republic
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Coupling the activities of bone formation and resorption: a multitude of signals within the basic multicellular unit. BONEKEY REPORTS 2014; 3:481. [PMID: 24466412 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2013.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Coupling between bone formation and bone resorption refers to the process within basic multicellular units in which resorption by osteoclasts is met by the generation of osteoblasts from precursors, and their bone-forming activity, which needs to be sufficient to replace the bone lost. There are many sources of activities that contribute to coupling at remodeling sites, including growth factors released from the matrix, soluble and membrane products of osteoclasts and their precursors, signals from osteocytes and from immune cells and signaling taking place within the osteoblast lineage. Coupling is therefore a process that involves the interaction of a wide range of cell types and control mechanisms. As bone remodeling occurs at many sites asynchronously throughout the skeleton, locally generated activities comprise very important control mechanisms. In this review, we explore the potential roles of a number of these factors, including sphingosine-1-phosphate, semaphorins, ephrins, interleukin-6 (IL-6) family cytokines and marrow-derived factors. Their interactions achieve the essential tight control of coupling within individual remodeling units that is required for control of skeletal mass.
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Wythe SE, Nicolaidou V, Horwood NJ. Cells of the immune system orchestrate changes in bone cell function. Calcif Tissue Int 2014; 94:98-111. [PMID: 23912951 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-013-9764-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a complex interplay between the cells of the immune system and bone. Immune cells, such as T and NK cells, are able to enhance osteoclast formation via the production of RANKL. Yet there is increasing evidence to show that during the resolution of inflammation or as a consequence of increased osteoclastogenesis there is an anabolic response via the formation of more osteoblasts. Furthermore, osteoblasts themselves are involved in the control of immune cell function, thus promoting the resolution of inflammation. Hence, the concept of "coupling"-how bone formation is linked to resorption-needs to be more inclusive rather than restricting our focus to osteoblast-osteoclast interactions as in a whole organism these cells are never in isolation. This review will investigate the role of immune cells in normal bone homeostasis and in inflammatory diseases where the balance between resorption and formation is lost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Wythe
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
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