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Read NE, Wilson HM. Recent Developments in the Role of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) as a Regulator of Immune Cell Signalling in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7207. [PMID: 39000313 PMCID: PMC11241678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a non-receptor tyrosine phosphatase best known for its role in regulating insulin and leptin signalling. Recently, knowledge on the role of PTP1B as a major regulator of multiple signalling pathways involved in cell growth, proliferation, viability and metabolism has expanded, and PTP1B is recognised as a therapeutic target in several human disorders, including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases and hematopoietic malignancies. The function of PTP1B in the immune system was largely overlooked until it was discovered that PTP1B negatively regulates the Janus kinase-a signal transducer and activator of the transcription (JAK/STAT) signalling pathway, which plays a significant role in modulating immune responses. PTP1B is now known to determine the magnitude of many signalling pathways that drive immune cell activation and function. As such, PTP1B inhibitors are being developed and tested in the context of inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Here, we provide an up-to-date summary of the molecular role of PTP1B in regulating immune cell function and how targeting its expression and/or activity has the potential to change the outcomes of immune-mediated and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neve E Read
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Heather M Wilson
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
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2
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Mendoza-Soto P, Jara C, Torres-Arévalo Á, Oyarzún C, Mardones GA, Quezada-Monrás C, San Martín R. Pharmacological Blockade of the Adenosine A 2B Receptor Is Protective of Proteinuria in Diabetic Rats, through Affecting Focal Adhesion Kinase Activation and the Adhesion Dynamics of Podocytes. Cells 2024; 13:846. [PMID: 38786068 PMCID: PMC11119713 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Induction of the adenosine receptor A2B (A2BAR) expression in diabetic glomeruli correlates with an increased abundance of its endogenous ligand adenosine and the progression of kidney dysfunction. Remarkably, A2BAR antagonism protects from proteinuria in experimental diabetic nephropathy. We found that A2BAR antagonism preserves the arrangement of podocytes on the glomerular filtration barrier, reduces diabetes-induced focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation, and attenuates podocyte foot processes effacement. In spreading assays using human podocytes in vitro, adenosine enhanced the rate of cell body expansion on laminin-coated glass and promoted peripheral pY397-FAK subcellular distribution, while selective A2BAR antagonism impeded these effects and attenuated the migratory capability of podocytes. Increased phosphorylation of the Myosin2A light chain accompanied the effects of adenosine. Furthermore, when the A2BAR was stimulated, the cells expanded more broadly and more staining of pS19 myosin was detected which co-localized with actin cables, suggesting increased contractility potential in cells planted onto a matrix with a stiffness similar to of the glomerular basement membrane. We conclude that A2BAR is involved in adhesion dynamics and contractile actin bundle formation, leading to podocyte foot processes effacement. The antagonism of this receptor may be an alternative to the intervention of glomerular barrier deterioration and proteinuria in the diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Mendoza-Soto
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (P.M.-S.); (C.J.); (Á.T.-A.); (C.O.)
| | - Claudia Jara
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (P.M.-S.); (C.J.); (Á.T.-A.); (C.O.)
| | - Ángelo Torres-Arévalo
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (P.M.-S.); (C.J.); (Á.T.-A.); (C.O.)
| | - Carlos Oyarzún
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (P.M.-S.); (C.J.); (Á.T.-A.); (C.O.)
| | - Gonzalo A. Mardones
- Institute of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile;
| | - Claudia Quezada-Monrás
- Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile;
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Rody San Martín
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (P.M.-S.); (C.J.); (Á.T.-A.); (C.O.)
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3
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Hsu MF, Ito Y, Singh JP, Hsu SF, Wells A, Jen KY, Meng TC, Haj FG. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B is a regulator of alpha-actinin4 in the glomerular podocyte. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119590. [PMID: 37730132 PMCID: PMC11060668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Glomerular podocytes are instrumental for the barrier function of the kidney, and podocyte injury contributes to proteinuria and the deterioration of renal function. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is an established metabolic regulator, and the inactivation of this phosphatase mitigates podocyte injury. However, there is a paucity of data regarding the substrates that mediate PTP1B actions in podocytes. This study aims to uncover novel substrates of PTP1B in podocytes and validate a leading candidate. To this end, using substrate-trapping and mass spectroscopy, we identified putative substrates of this phosphatase and investigated the actin cross-linking cytoskeletal protein alpha-actinin4. PTP1B and alpha-actinin4 co-localized in murine and human glomeruli and transiently transfected E11 podocyte cells. Additionally, podocyte PTP1B deficiency in vivo and culture was associated with elevated tyrosine phosphorylation of alpha-actinin4. Conversely, reconstitution of the knockdown cells with PTP1B attenuated alpha-actinin4 tyrosine phosphorylation. We demonstrated co-association between alpha-actinin4 and the PTP1B substrate-trapping mutant, which was enhanced upon insulin stimulation and disrupted by vanadate, consistent with an enzyme-substrate interaction. Moreover, we identified alpha-actinin4 tandem tyrosine residues 486/487 as mediators of its interaction with PTP1B. Furthermore, knockdown studies in E11 cells suggest that PTP1B and alpha-actinin4 are modulators of podocyte motility. These observations indicate that PTP1B and alpha-actinin4 are likely interacting partners in a signaling node that modulates podocyte function. Targeting PTP1B and plausibly this one of its substrates may represent a new therapeutic approach for podocyte injury that warrants additional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fo Hsu
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jai Prakash Singh
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fang Hsu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alan Wells
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kuang-Yu Jen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Tzu-Ching Meng
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fawaz G Haj
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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4
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Niu SW, Wu CH, Chen HC, Yang CJ, Chang JM, Chang EE, Chuang HH, Chiu YW, Zhen YY, Hung CC, Hwang SJ. Proteins Secreted by Lung Cancer Cells Induce the Onset of Proteinuria via Focal Adhesion Kinase Signaling in Mice. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100156. [PMID: 37119854 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Paraneoplastic nephrotic syndrome (PNS) is a complication seen in cancer patients. Ultrastructural examination shows the accumulation of proteins and the presence of foot process (FP) effacement in the glomeruli of PNS patients. Previously, we reported that orthotopic xenografts of Lewis lung carcinoma 1 in C57BL/6 mice caused them to develop lung cancer with albuminuria. This implies that these mice can be used as a model of human disease and suggests that Lewis lung carcinoma 1 cell-secreted proteins (LCSePs) contain nephrotoxic molecules and cause inflammation in renal cells. As podocyte effacement was present in glomeruli in this model, such podocyte injury may be attributable to either soluble LCSeP or LCSeP deposits triggering pathological progression. LCSePs in conditioned media was concentrated for nephrotoxicity testing. Integrin-focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling and inflammatory responses were evaluated in podocytes either exposed to soluble LCSePs or seeded onto substrates with immobilized LCSePs. FAK phosphorylation and interleukin-6 expression were higher in podocytes attached to LCSePs substrates than in those exposed to soluble LCSePs. Notably, LCSeP-based haptotaxis gave rise to altered signaling in podocytes. When podocytes were stimulated by immobilized LCSePs, FAK accumulated at focal adhesions, synaptopodin dissociated from F-actin, and disrupting the interactions between synaptopodin and α-actinin was observed. When FAK was inhibited by PF-573228 in immobilized LCSePs, the association between synaptopodin and α-actinin was observed in the podocytes. The association of synaptopodin and α-actinin with F-actin allowed FP stretching, establishing a functional glomerular filtration barrier. Therefore, in this mouse model of lung cancer, FAK signaling prompts podocyte FP effacement and proteinuria, indicative of PNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Wen Niu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsing Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chun Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jen Yang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Ming Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Eddy Essen Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Hao Chuang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yi Zhen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chih Hung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Shang-Jyh Hwang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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5
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CdGAP maintains podocyte function and modulates focal adhesions in a Src kinase-dependent manner. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18657. [PMID: 36333327 PMCID: PMC9636259 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21634-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases are regulators of the actin cytoskeleton and their activity is modulated by GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) and guanine nucleotide exchanging factors (GEFs). Glomerular podocytes have numerous actin-based projections called foot processes and their alteration is characteristic of proteinuric kidney diseases. We reported previously that Rac1 hyperactivation in podocytes causes proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis in mice. However, which GAP and GEF modulate Rac1 activity in podocytes remains unknown. Here, using a proximity-based ligation assay, we identified CdGAP (ARHGAP31) and β-PIX (ARHGEF7) as the major regulatory proteins interacting with Rac1 in human podocytes. CdGAP interacted with β-PIX through its basic region, and upon EGF stimulation, they both translocated to the plasma membrane in podocytes. CdGAP-depleted podocytes had altered cell motility and increased basal Rac1 and Cdc42 activities. When stimulated with EGF, CdGAP-depleted podocytes showed impaired β-PIX membrane-translocation and tyrosine phosphorylation, and reduced activities of Src kinase, focal adhesion kinase, and paxillin. Systemic and podocyte-specific CdGAP-knockout mice developed mild but significant proteinuria, which was exacerbated by Adriamycin. Collectively, these findings show that CdGAP contributes to maintain podocyte function and protect them from injury.
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6
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Hsu MF, Ito Y, Afkarian M, Haj FG. Deficiency of the Src homology phosphatase 2 in podocytes is associated with renoprotective effects in mice under hyperglycemia. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:516. [PMID: 36102977 PMCID: PMC10987040 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04517-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a significant complication of diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Hyperglycemia-induced dysfunction of the glomerular podocytes is a major contributor to the deterioration of renal function in DN. Previously, we demonstrated that podocyte-specific disruption of the Src homology phosphatase 2 (Shp2) ameliorated lipopolysaccharide-induced renal injury. This study aims to evaluate the contribution of Shp2 to podocyte function under hyperglycemia and explore the molecular underpinnings. We report elevated Shp2 in the E11 podocyte cell line under high glucose and the kidney under streptozotocin- and high-fat diet-induced hyperglycemia. Consistently, Shp2 disruption in podocytes was associated with partial renoprotective effects under hyperglycemia, as evidenced by the preserved renal function. At the molecular level, Shp2 deficiency was associated with altered renal insulin signaling and diminished hyperglycemia-induced renal endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. Additionally, Shp2 knockdown in E11 podocytes mimicked the in vivo deficiency of this phosphatase and ameliorated the deleterious impact of high glucose, whereas Shp2 reconstitution reversed these effects. Moreover, Shp2 deficiency attenuated high glucose-induced E11 podocyte migration. Further, we identified the protein tyrosine kinase FYN as a putative mediator of Shp2 signaling in podocytes under high glucose. Collectively, these findings suggest that Shp2 inactivation may afford protection to podocytes under hyperglycemia and highlight this phosphatase as a potential target to ameliorate glomerular dysfunction in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fo Hsu
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, and Department of CKD Initiatives/Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Maryam Afkarian
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Fawaz G Haj
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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7
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Podocyte protection by Angptl3 knockout via inhibiting ROS/GRP78 pathway in LPS-induced acute kidney injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 105:108549. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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8
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Teimouri M, Hosseini H, ArabSadeghabadi Z, Babaei-Khorzoughi R, Gorgani-Firuzjaee S, Meshkani R. The role of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. J Physiol Biochem 2022; 78:307-322. [PMID: 34988903 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00860-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance, the most important characteristic of the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is mostly caused by impairment in the insulin receptor (IR) signal transduction pathway. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), one of the main negative regulators of the IR signaling pathway, is broadly expressed in various cells and tissues. PTP1B decreases the phosphorylation of the IR resulting in insulin resistance in various tissues. The evidence for the physiological role of PTP1B in regulation of metabolic pathways came from whole-body PTP1B-knockout mice. Whole-body and tissue-specific PTP1B-knockout mice showed improvement in adiposity, insulin resistance, and glucose tolerance. In addition, the key role of PTP1B in the pathogenesis of T2DM and its complications was further investigated in mice models of PTP1B deficient/overexpression. In recent years, targeting PTP1B using PTP1B inhibitors is being considered an attractive target to treat T2DM. PTP1B inhibitors improve the sensitivity of the insulin receptor and have the ability to cure insulin resistance-related diseases. We herein summarized the biological functions of PTP1B in different tissues in vivo and in vitro. We also describe the effectiveness of potent PTP1B inhibitors as pharmaceutical agents to treat T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Teimouri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra ArabSadeghabadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Babaei-Khorzoughi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sattar Gorgani-Firuzjaee
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Huang T, Li X, Wang F, Lu L, Hou W, Zhu M, Miao C. The CREB/KMT5A complex regulates PTP1B to modulate high glucose-induced endothelial inflammatory factor levels in diabetic nephropathy. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:333. [PMID: 33782381 PMCID: PMC8005662 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03629-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the primary microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and may result in end-stage renal disease. The overproduction of various inflammatory factors is involved in the pathogenesis of DN. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) modulates the expression of a series of cytokines and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activity. cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and lysine methyltransferase 5A (KMT5A) have been reported to participate in the maintenance of a healthy endothelium. In the present study, we hypothesise that CREB associates with KMT5A to modulate PTP1B expression, thus contributing to high glucose-mediated glomerular endothelial inflammation. Our analyses revealed that plasma inflammatory factor levels, glomerular endothelial p65 phosphorylation and PTP1B expression were increased in DN patients and rats. In vitro, high glucose increased endothelial inflammatory factor levels and p65 phosphorylation by augmenting PTP1B expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Moreover, high glucose decreased CREB and KMT5A expression. CREB overexpression and KMT5A overexpression both inhibited high glucose-induced PTP1B expression, p65 phosphorylation and endothelial inflammatory factor levels. si-CREB- and sh-KMT5A-induced p65 phosphorylation and endothelial inflammatory factor levels were reversed by si-PTP1B. Furthermore, CREB was associated with KMT5A. Mechanistic research indicated that CREB and histone H4 lysine 20 methylation (H4K20me1, a downstream target of KMT5A) occupy the PTP1B promoter region. sh-KMT5A augmented PTP1B promoter activity and activated the positive effect of si-CREB on PTP1B promoter activity. Our in vivo study demonstrated that CREB and KMT5A were downregulated in glomerular endothelial cells of DN patients and rats. In conclusion, CREB associates with KMT5A to promote PTP1B expression in vascular endothelial cells, thus contributing to hyperglycemia-induced inflammatory factor levels in DN patients and rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lihong Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenting Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Minmin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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10
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Huang LM, Mao JH. Glomerular podocyte dysfunction in inherited renal tubular disease. World J Pediatr 2021; 17:227-233. [PMID: 33625696 PMCID: PMC8253710 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-021-00417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary renal tubular disease can cause hypercalciuria, acid-base imbalance, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, rickets, kidney stones, etc. If these diseases are not diagnosed or treated in time, they can cause kidney damage and electrolyte disturbances, which can be detrimental to the maturation and development of the child. Glomerular involvement in renal tubular disease patients has only been considered recently. METHODS We screened 71 papers (including experimental research, clinical research, etc.) about Dent's disease, Gitelman syndrome, and cystinosis from PubMed, and made reference. RESULTS Glomerular disease was initially underestimated among the clinical signs of renal tubular disease or was treated merely as a consequence of the tubular damage. Renal tubular diseases affect glomerular podocytes through certain mechanisms resulting in functional damage, morphological changes, and glomerular lesions. CONCLUSIONS This article focuses on the progress of changes in glomerular podocyte function in Dent disease, Gitelman syndrome, and cystinosis for the purposes of facilitating clinically accurate diagnosis and scientific treatment and improving prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Huang
- Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #57 Zhugan Lane, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jian-Hua Mao
- Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #57 Zhugan Lane, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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11
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Priyadarshana C, Setiawan R, Tajima A, Asano A. Src family kinases-mediated negative regulation of sperm acrosome reaction in chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241181. [PMID: 33180820 PMCID: PMC7660528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The acrosome reaction (AR) is a strictly-regulated, synchronous exocytosis that is required for sperm to penetrate ova. This all-or-nothing process occurs only once in the sperm lifecycle through a sequence of signaling pathways. Spontaneous, premature AR therefore compromises fertilization potential. Although protein kinase A (PKA) pathways play a central role in AR across species, the signaling network used for AR induction is poorly understood in birds. Mechanistic studies of mammalian sperm AR demonstrate that PKA activity is downstreamly regulated by Src family kinases (SFKs). Using SFK inhibitors, our study shows that in chicken sperm, SFKs play a role in the regulation of PKA activity and spontaneous AR without affecting motility. Furthermore, we examined the nature of SFK phosphorylation using PKA and protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors, which demonstrated that unlike in mammals, SFK phosphorylation in birds does not occur downstream of PKA and is primarily regulated by calcium-dependent tyrosine phosphatase activity. Functional characterization of SFKs in chicken sperm showed that SFK activation modulates the membrane potential and plays a role in inhibiting spontaneous AR. Employing biochemical isolation, we also found that membrane rafts are involved in the regulation of SFK phosphorylation. This study demonstrates a unique mechanism for regulating AR induction inherent to avian sperm that ensure fertilization potential despite prolonged storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chathura Priyadarshana
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Rangga Setiawan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tajima
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Asano
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Matsuda J, Maier M, Aoudjit L, Baldwin C, Takano T. ARHGEF7 ( β-PIX) Is Required for the Maintenance of Podocyte Architecture and Glomerular Function. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:996-1008. [PMID: 32188698 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019090982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies showed that Cdc42, a member of the prototypical Rho family of small GTPases and a regulator of the actin cytoskeleton, is critical for the normal development and health of podocytes. However, upstream regulatory mechanisms for Cdc42 activity in podocytes are largely unknown. METHODS We used a proximity-based ligation assay, BioID, to identify guanine nucleotide exchange factors that activate Cdc42 in immortalized human podocytes. We generated podocyte-specific ARHGEF7 (commonly known as β-PIX) knockout mice by crossing β-PIX floxed mice with Podocin-Cre mice. Using shRNA, we established cultured mouse podocytes with β-PIX knockdown and their controls. RESULTS We identified β-PIX as a predominant guanine nucleotide exchange factor that interacts with Cdc42 in human podocytes. Podocyte-specific β-PIX knockout mice developed progressive proteinuria and kidney failure with global or segmental glomerulosclerosis in adulthood. Glomerular podocyte density gradually decreased in podocyte-specific β-PIX knockout mice, indicating podocyte loss. Compared with controls, glomeruli from podocyte-specific β-PIX knockout mice and cultured mouse podocytes with β-PIX knockdown exhibited significant reduction in Cdc42 activity. Loss of β-PIX promoted podocyte apoptosis, which was mediated by the reduced activity of the prosurvival transcriptional regulator Yes-associated protein. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that β-PIX is required for the maintenance of podocyte architecture and glomerular function via Cdc42 and its downstream Yes-associated protein activities. This appears to be the first evidence that a Rho-guanine nucleotide exchange factor plays a critical role in podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Matsuda
- Division of Nephrology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mirela Maier
- Division of Nephrology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lamine Aoudjit
- Division of Nephrology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cindy Baldwin
- Division of Nephrology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tomoko Takano
- Division of Nephrology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Agrawal P, Nada R, Ramachandran R, Rayat CS, Kumar A, Kohli HS. Loss of Subpodocytic Space Predicts Poor Response to Tacrolimus in Steroid-Resistant Calcineurin Inhibitor-Naïve Adult-Onset Primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis. Indian J Nephrol 2019; 29:90-94. [PMID: 30983748 PMCID: PMC6440328 DOI: 10.4103/ijn.ijn_422_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is the most common cause of adult-onset nephrotic syndrome, but its pathophysiology is poorly understood. The question as to why only a subset of patients responds to treatment in unanswered. In the past few years, change of podocytic phenotype from stationary type in health to migratory type in disease has been described, of which loss of subpodocytic space is a surrogate marker. Diagnostic biopsies of adult-onset steroid-resistant calcineurin inhibitor-naïve primary FSGS cases, which were subsequently treated with tacrolimus were included in this retrospective study conducted from 2011 to 2013. The ultrastructure of all cases was studied in detail, especially in context to the presence or absence of subpodocytic space. In the present study, we have compared presence or absence of subpodocytic space in tacrolimus-responsive versus tacrolimus-resistant cases to identify potential electron microscopic features predictive of response to treatment, of which loss of subpodocytic space indicating migratory phenotype is the most important and consistent feature. The present series included 7 tacrolimus responsive cases (includes two cases with partial response) and seven tacrolimus-resistant cases. The tacrolimus-resistant patients were of older age, had a longer duration of illness, and a lower eGFR as compared to tacrolimus responsive cases. The subpodocytic space was preserved in patients on tacrolimus with complete remission and lost in patients with partial response and tacrolimus-resistant cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Agrawal
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - R Nada
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - R Ramachandran
- Department of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - C S Rayat
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - A Kumar
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - H S Kohli
- Department of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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14
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Morishita K, Shoji Y, Fukui M, Ito Y, Kitao T, Ozawa SI, Hirono S, Shirahase H. 2-Acyl-3-carboxyl-tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives: Mixed-Type PTP1B Inhibitors without PPARγ Activation. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2018; 66:1131-1152. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ko Morishita
- Drug Discovery Research Department, Kyoto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd
| | - Yoshimichi Shoji
- Drug Discovery Research Department, Kyoto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd
| | - Masaki Fukui
- Drug Discovery Research Department, Kyoto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd
| | - Yuma Ito
- Drug Discovery Research Department, Kyoto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd
| | - Tatsuya Kitao
- Drug Discovery Research Department, Kyoto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd
| | | | | | - Hiroaki Shirahase
- Drug Discovery Research Department, Kyoto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd
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15
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Yu SMW, Nissaisorakarn P, Husain I, Jim B. Proteinuric Kidney Diseases: A Podocyte's Slit Diaphragm and Cytoskeleton Approach. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:221. [PMID: 30255020 PMCID: PMC6141722 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteinuric kidney diseases are a group of disorders with diverse pathological mechanisms associated with significant losses of protein in the urine. The glomerular filtration barrier (GFB), comprised of the three important layers, the fenestrated glomerular endothelium, the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), and the podocyte, dictates that disruption of any one of these structures should lead to proteinuric disease. Podocytes, in particular, have long been considered as the final gatekeeper of the GFB. This specialized visceral epithelial cell contains a complex framework of cytoskeletons forming foot processes and mediate important cell signaling to maintain podocyte health. In this review, we will focus on slit diaphragm proteins such as nephrin, podocin, TRPC6/5, as well as cytoskeletal proteins Rho/small GTPases and synaptopodin and their respective roles in participating in the pathogenesis of proteinuric kidney diseases. Furthermore, we will summarize the potential therapeutic options targeting the podocyte to treat this group of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Mon-Wei Yu
- Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | | | - Irma Husain
- Department of Medicine, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Belinda Jim
- Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States.,Renal Division, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
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16
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Perakakis N, Ghaly W, Peradze N, Boutari C, Batirel S, Douglas VP, Mantzoros CS. Research advances in metabolism 2017. Metabolism 2018; 83:280-289. [PMID: 29378200 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Perakakis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Wael Ghaly
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Physiology, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Natia Peradze
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Chrysoula Boutari
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Saime Batirel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey; Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey
| | - Vivian Paraskevi Douglas
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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18
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Ito Y, Hsu MF, Bettaieb A, Koike S, Mello A, Calvo-Rubio M, Villalba JM, Haj FG. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B deficiency in podocytes mitigates hyperglycemia-induced renal injury. Metabolism 2017; 76:56-69. [PMID: 28987240 PMCID: PMC5690491 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most devastating complications of diabetes, and growing evidence implicates podocyte dysfunction in disease pathogenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate the contribution of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) in podocytes to hyperglycemia-induced renal injury. METHODS To determine the in vivo function of PTP1B in podocytes we generated mice with podocyte-specific PTP1B disruption (hereafter termed pod-PTP1B KO). Kidney functions were determined in control and pod-PTP1B KO mice under normoglycemia and high-fat diet (HFD)- and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia. RESULTS PTP1B expression increased in murine kidneys following HFD and STZ challenges. Under normoglycemia control and pod-PTP1B KO mice exhibited comparable renal functions. However, podocyte PTP1B disruption attenuated hyperglycemia-induced albuminuria and renal injury and preserved glucose control. Also, podocyte PTP1B disruption was accompanied with improved renal insulin signaling and enhanced autophagy with decreased inflammation and fibrosis. Moreover, the beneficial effects of podocyte PTP1B disruption in vivo were recapitulated in E11 murine podocytes with lentiviral-mediated PTP1B knockdown. Reconstitution of PTP1B in knockdown podocytes reversed the enhanced insulin signaling and autophagy suggesting that they were likely a consequence of PTP1B deficiency. Further, pharmacological attenuation of autophagy in PTP1B knockdown podocytes mitigated the protective effects of PTP1B deficiency. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that podocyte PTP1B deficiency attenuates hyperglycemia-induced renal damage and suggest that PTP1B may present a therapeutic target in renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Ito
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Ming-Fo Hsu
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Ahmed Bettaieb
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Shinichiro Koike
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Aline Mello
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Miguel Calvo-Rubio
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Jose M Villalba
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Fawaz G Haj
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
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19
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Loss of the podocyte glucocorticoid receptor exacerbates proteinuria after injury. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9833. [PMID: 28852159 PMCID: PMC5575043 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10490-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome is a common disorder in adults and children whose etiology is largely unknown. Glucocorticoids remain the mainstay of therapy in most cases, though their mechanism of action remains poorly understood. Emerging evidence suggests that immunomodulatory therapies used in nephrotic syndrome directly target the podocytes. To study how steroids directly affect the podocytes in the treatment of proteinuria, we created a mouse model with podocyte-specific deletion of the glucocorticoid receptor. The podocyte-specific glucocorticoid receptor (GR) knockout mice had similar renal function and protein excretion compared to wild type. However, after glomerular injury induced by either LPS or nephrotoxic serum, the podocyte GR knockout mice demonstrated worsened proteinuria compared to wild type. Ultrastructural examination of podocytes confirmed more robust foot process effacement in the knockout animals. Expression of several key slit diaphragm protein was down regulated in pGR KO mice. Primary podocytes isolated from wild type and podocyte GR knockout mice showed similar actin stress fiber staining patterns in unstimulated conditions. Yet, when exposed to LPS, GR knockout podocytes demonstrated fewer stress fibers and impaired migration compared to wild type podocytes. We conclude that the podocyte glucocorticoid receptor is important for limiting proteinuria in settings of podocyte injury.
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20
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Krochmal M, Cisek K, Filip S, Markoska K, Orange C, Zoidakis J, Gakiopoulou C, Spasovski G, Mischak H, Delles C, Vlahou A, Jankowski J. Identification of novel molecular signatures of IgA nephropathy through an integrative -omics analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9091. [PMID: 28831120 PMCID: PMC5567309 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09393-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most prevalent among primary glomerular diseases worldwide. Although our understanding of IgAN has advanced significantly, its underlying biology and potential drug targets are still unexplored. We investigated a combinatorial approach for the analysis of IgAN-relevant -omics data, aiming at identification of novel molecular signatures of the disease. Nine published urinary proteomics datasets were collected and the reported differentially expressed proteins in IgAN vs. healthy controls were integrated into known biological pathways. Proteins participating in these pathways were subjected to multi-step assessment, including investigation of IgAN transcriptomics datasets (Nephroseq database), their reported protein-protein interactions (STRING database), kidney tissue expression (Human Protein Atlas) and literature mining. Through this process, from an initial dataset of 232 proteins significantly associated with IgAN, 20 pathways were predicted, yielding 657 proteins for further analysis. Step-wise evaluation highlighted 20 proteins of possibly high relevance to IgAN and/or kidney disease. Experimental validation of 3 predicted relevant proteins, adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1), SHC-transforming protein 1 (SHC1) and prolylcarboxypeptidase (PRCP) was performed by immunostaining of human kidney sections. Collectively, this study presents an integrative procedure for -omics data exploitation, giving rise to biologically relevant results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Krochmal
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Center of Basic Research, Athens, Greece
- RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Szymon Filip
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Center of Basic Research, Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Markoska
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University of Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Clare Orange
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jerome Zoidakis
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Center of Basic Research, Athens, Greece
| | - Chara Gakiopoulou
- Pathology Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Goce Spasovski
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University of Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Harald Mischak
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, Hannover, Germany
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christian Delles
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Center of Basic Research, Athens, Greece.
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Aachen, Germany.
- University of Maastricht, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, Netherlands.
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21
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Robins R, Baldwin C, Aoudjit L, Côté JF, Gupta IR, Takano T. Rac1 activation in podocytes induces the spectrum of nephrotic syndrome. Kidney Int 2017; 92:349-364. [PMID: 28483380 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hyper-activation of Rac1, a small GTPase, in glomerular podocytes has been implicated in the pathogenesis of familial proteinuric kidney diseases. However, the role of Rac1 in acquired nephrotic syndrome is unknown. To gain direct insights into this, we generated a transgenic mouse model expressing a doxycycline-inducible constitutively active form of Rac1 (CA-Rac1) in podocytes. Regardless of the copy number, proteinuria occurred rapidly within five days, and the histology resembled minimal change disease. The degree and severity of proteinuria were dependent on the transgene copy number. Upon doxycycline withdrawal, proteinuria resolved completely (one copy) or nearly completely (two copy). After one month of doxycycline treatment, two-copy mice developed glomerulosclerosis that resembled focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) with urinary shedding of transgene-expressing podocytes. p38 MAPK was activated in podocytes upon CA-Rac1 induction while a p38 inhibitor attenuated proteinuria, podocyte loss, and glomerulosclerosis. Mechanistically, activation of Rac1 in cultured mouse podocytes reduced adhesiveness to laminin and induced redistribution of β1 integrin, and both were partially reversed by the p38 inhibitor. Activation of Rac1 in podocytes was also seen in kidney biopsies from patients with minimal change disease and idiopathic FSGS by immunofluorescence while sera from the same patients activated Rac1 in cultured human podocytes. Thus, activation of Rac1 in podocytes causes a spectrum of disease ranging from minimal change disease to FSGS, due to podocyte detachment from the glomerular basement membrane that is partially dependent on p38 MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Robins
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cindy Baldwin
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lamine Aoudjit
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Côté
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Department of Medicine (Program of Molecular Biology), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Indra R Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tomoko Takano
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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22
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Protein tyrosine phosphatase Shp2 deficiency in podocytes attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced proteinuria. Sci Rep 2017; 7:461. [PMID: 28352079 PMCID: PMC5428720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00564-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are specialized epithelial cells that play a significant role in maintaining the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier and preventing urinary protein leakage. We investigated the contribution of protein tyrosine phosphatase Shp2 to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced renal injury. We report increased Shp2 expression in murine kidneys and cultured podocytes following an LPS challenge. To determine the role of podocyte Shp2 in vivo, we generated podocyte-specific Shp2 knockout (pod-Shp2 KO) mice. Following administration of LPS, pod-Shp2 KO mice exhibited lower proteinuria and blood urea nitrogen concentrations than controls indicative of preserved filter integrity. In addition, renal mRNA and serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNFα, INFγ and IL-12 p70 were significantly decreased in LPS-treated knockout mice compared with controls. Moreover, the protective effects of podocyte Shp2 deficiency were associated with decreased LPS-induced NF-κB and MAPK activation, nephrin phosphorylation and attenuated endoplasmic reticulum stress. These effects were recapitulated in differentiated E11 murine podocytes with lentiviral-mediated Shp2 knockdown. Furthermore, Shp2 deficient podocytes displayed reduced LPS-induced migration in a wound healing assay. These findings identify Shp2 in podocytes as a significant contributor to the signaling events following LPS challenge and suggest that inhibition of Shp2 in podocytes may present a potential therapeutic target for podocytopathies.
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23
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Regulation of Nephrin Phosphorylation in Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Injury. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 28639250 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is the leading cause of microalbuminuria and end-stage renal failure in industrial countries. Disruption of the filtration barrier, seen in almost all nephrotic diseases and diabetes, is the result of the loss or effacement of the podocyte foot process, notably damage of proteins within the slit diaphragm such as nephrin. For many years, nephrin has been viewed as a structural component of the slit diaphragm. It is now well recognized that nephrin contains several tyrosine residues in its cytoplasmic domain, which influences the development of glomerular injury. In this review, we propose an overview of nephrin signaling pathways in kidney injury.
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24
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Morishita K, Shoji Y, Tanaka S, Fukui M, Ito Y, Kitao T, Ozawa SI, Hirono S, Shirahase H. Novel Non-carboxylate Benzoylsulfonamide-Based Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitors with Non-competitive Actions. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2017; 65:1144-1160. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c17-00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ko Morishita
- Drug Discovery Research Department, Kyoto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd
| | - Yoshimichi Shoji
- Drug Discovery Research Department, Kyoto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd
| | - Shunkichi Tanaka
- Drug Discovery Research Department, Kyoto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd
| | - Masaki Fukui
- Drug Discovery Research Department, Kyoto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd
| | - Yuma Ito
- Drug Discovery Research Department, Kyoto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd
| | - Tatsuya Kitao
- Drug Discovery Research Department, Kyoto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd
| | | | | | - Hiroaki Shirahase
- Drug Discovery Research Department, Kyoto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd
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25
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Abstract
Genetic studies of hereditary forms of nephrotic syndrome have identified several proteins that are involved in regulating the permselective properties of the glomerular filtration system. Further extensive research has elucidated the complex molecular basis of the glomerular filtration barrier and clearly established the pivotal role of podocytes in the pathophysiology of glomerular diseases. Podocyte architecture is centred on focal adhesions and slit diaphragms - multiprotein signalling hubs that regulate cell morphology and function. A highly interconnected actin cytoskeleton enables podocytes to adapt in order to accommodate environmental changes and maintain an intact glomerular filtration barrier. Actin-based endocytosis has now emerged as a regulator of podocyte integrity, providing an impetus for understanding the precise mechanisms that underlie the steady-state control of focal adhesion and slit diaphragm components. This Review outlines the role of actin dynamics and endocytosis in podocyte biology, and discusses how molecular heterogeneity in glomerular disorders could be exploited to deliver more rational therapeutic interventions, paving the way for targeted medicine in nephrology.
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26
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Tan X, Chen Y, Liang X, Yu C, Lai Y, Zhang L, Zhao X, Zhang H, Lin T, Li R, Shi W. Lipopolysaccharide-induced podocyte injury is mediated by suppression of autophagy. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:811-8. [PMID: 27221629 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
High-level autophagy has an important role in maintaining the stable state of podocytes. The present study explored the influence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on autophagic activity in podocytes and demonstrated its mechanistic involvement in LPS-induced injury. Conditionally immortalized podocytes were cultured in vitro and were treated with chloroquine (CQ), LPS, LPS+rapamycin or LPS+3‑methyladenine (3‑MA). The autophagic vesicles and endoplasmic reticulum were observed using transmission electron microscopy. The tandem mRFP‑GFP‑LC3 adenovirus was used to detect autophagosomes and autolysosomes. The expression levels of light chain 3‑II (LC3 II), beclin‑1, P62, CCAAT‑enhancer‑binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and podocin were determined by western blot analysis. Autophagic vesicles were detected in podocytes under basic conditions. CQ was found to increase the protein levels of LC3 II in a time‑dependent manner (2, 4 or 6 h), confirming the high activity of autophagy in podocytes. Compared with the control group, LPS induced the expansion of the endoplasmic reticulum and high expression levels of CHOP, while decreasing the protein expression of podocin. Notably, podocytes treated with LPS showed decreases in LC3 II and beclin‑1 levels and autophagosome/autolysosome numbers, which was accompanied by high P62 levels. Furthermore, the autophagy enhancer rapamycin reversed the downregulation of LC3 II and podocin, and the upregulation of CHOP induced by LPS, while the autophagy inhibitor 3‑MA aggravated the effects of LPS. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that LPS inhibited podocyte autophagy, which contributed to LPS-induced injury of podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Tan
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yuanhan Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xinling Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Chunping Yu
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yuxiong Lai
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xingchen Zhao
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ting Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ruizhao Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wei Shi
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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Ding F, Li X, Li B, Guo J, Zhang Y, Ding J. Calpain-Mediated Cleavage of Calcineurin in Puromycin Aminonucleoside-Induced Podocyte Injury. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155504. [PMID: 27171192 PMCID: PMC4865207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine A (CsA) and tacrolimus are widely used in the treatment of proteinuria diseases. As the direct target of these drugs, calcineurin has previously been demonstrated to play a role in proteinuria diseases. However, aside from its immune-related effects, the local status of calcineurin in renal inherent cells has not been fully explored in the settings of proteinuria disease and podocyte injury. In this study, calcineurin activity and protein expression in the well-known puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced podocyte injury model were examined. Interestingly, we found that calcineurin activity was abnormally increased in PAN-treated podocytes, whereas the expression of the full-length 60-kDa calcineurin protein was decreased. This result suggests that there may be another activated form of calcineurin that is independent of the full-length phosphatase. To investigate whether calpain is involved in regulating calcineurin, we exposed PAN-treated podocytes to both pharmacological inhibitors of calpain and specific siRNAs against calpain. Calpain blockade reduced the enhanced calcineurin activity and restored the down-regulated expression of 60-kDa calcineurin. In addition, purified calpain protein was incubated with podocyte extracts, and a 45-kDa fragment of calcineurin was identified; this finding was confirmed in PAN-induced podocyte injury and calpain inhibition experiments. We conclude that calcineurin activity is abnormally increased during PAN-induced podocyte injury, whereas the expression of the full-length 60-kDa calcineurin protein is down-regulated due to over-activated calpain that cleaves calcineurin to form a 45-kDa fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangrui Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejuan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Baihong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jifan Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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28
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Ding XQ, Gu TT, Wang W, Song L, Chen TY, Xue QC, Zhou F, Li JM, Kong LD. Curcumin protects against fructose-induced podocyte insulin signaling impairment through upregulation of miR-206. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:2355-70. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Sciences; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Sciences; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Sciences; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Lin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Sciences; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Tian-Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Sciences; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Qiao-Chu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Sciences; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Sciences; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Jian-Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Sciences; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Ling-Dong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Sciences; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
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29
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IRS2 and PTEN are key molecules in controlling insulin sensitivity in podocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:3224-34. [PMID: 26384875 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Insulin signaling to the glomerular podocyte is important for normal kidney function and is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). This study determined the role of the insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) in this system. Conditionally immortalized murine podocytes were generated from wild-type (WT) and insulin receptor substrate 2-deficient mice (Irs2(-/-)). Insulin signaling, glucose transport, cellular motility and cytoskeleton rearrangement were then analyzed. Within the glomerulus IRS2 is enriched in the podocyte and is preferentially phosphorylated by insulin in comparison to IRS1. Irs2(-/-) podocytes are significantly insulin resistant in respect to AKT signaling, insulin-stimulated GLUT4-mediated glucose uptake, filamentous actin (F-actin) cytoskeleton remodeling and cell motility. Mechanistically, we discovered that Irs2 deficiency causes insulin resistance through up-regulation of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Importantly, suppressing PTEN in Irs2(-/-) podocytes rescued insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, this study has identified for the first time IRS2 as a critical molecule for sensitizing the podocyte to insulin actions through its ability to modulate PTEN expression. This finding reveals two potential molecular targets in the podocyte for modulating insulin sensitivity and treating DN.
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