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Wu X, Yang X, Dai X, Chen X, Shen M, Dai J, Yuan F, Wang L, Yuan Y, Feng Y. 5-Aza-2'-Deoxycytidine Ameliorates Choroidal Neovascularization by Inhibiting the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:23. [PMID: 38345554 PMCID: PMC10866157 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.2.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) can constitute the final pathology of many ocular diseases and result in severe vision loss. Studies have demonstrated that DNA methylation is critical in retinal development, aging, and disorders. The current work investigated the effects and underlying mechanism of 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC), a suppressor of DNA methylation, in the pathological progression of CNV. Methods The DNA methylation profiles of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE)/choroidal complexes in normal and laser-induced CNV mice were assessed by Arraystar Mouse RefSeq Promoter Arrays. The CNV area and blood flow density and intensity were observed by optical coherence tomography angiography, and fluorescence leakage was examined by fundus fluorescein angiography in CNV mice with systemic administration of 5-aza-dC. The effects of 5-aza-dC on the biological functions of bEnd.3 cells were estimated by related assays. Notum gene promoter methylation was measured using bisulfite sequencing PCR. Methyltransferases and Wnt signaling-related genes were detected in animal and cell culture experiments by real-time PCR and immunoblot. Results Methyltransferases were upregulated, but Notum (a secretion inhibitor of Wnt signaling) was downregulated in the RPE/choroidal complexes of mice with experimental CNV. Intraperitoneal injection of 5-aza-dC inactivated the Wnt pathway and ameliorated the lesion area and the intensity and density of blood flow, as well as the degree of leakage in CNV. In vitro, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) stimulation promoted methyltransferases expression and suppressed Notum expression, consequently activating Wnt signaling, whereas exogenous 5-aza-dC reversed VEGFA-induced hyperpermeability, proliferation, migration, and tube formation in bEnd.3 cells via demethylation of Notum promoter. Conclusions We observed that 5-aza-dC attenuates the growth of CNV by inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway via promoter demethylation of the Wnt antagonist Notum. These findings provide a theoretical basis for methylation-based treatment with the Notum gene as a potential target for CNV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochan Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minqian Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhui Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Geriatric Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanzhi Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yifan Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Patil RS, Maloney ME, Lucas R, Fulton DJR, Patel V, Bagi Z, Kovacs-Kasa A, Kovacs L, Su Y, Verin AD. Zinc-Dependent Histone Deacetylases in Lung Endothelial Pathobiology. Biomolecules 2024; 14:140. [PMID: 38397377 PMCID: PMC10886568 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A monolayer of endothelial cells (ECs) lines the lumen of blood vessels and, as such, provides a semi-selective barrier between the blood and the interstitial space. Compromise of the lung EC barrier due to inflammatory or toxic events may result in pulmonary edema, which is a cardinal feature of acute lung injury (ALI) and its more severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The EC functions are controlled, at least in part, via epigenetic mechanisms mediated by histone deacetylases (HDACs). Zinc-dependent HDACs represent the largest group of HDACs and are activated by Zn2+. Members of this HDAC group are involved in epigenetic regulation primarily by modifying the structure of chromatin upon removal of acetyl groups from histones. In addition, they can deacetylate many non-histone histone proteins, including those located in extranuclear compartments. Recently, the therapeutic potential of inhibiting zinc-dependent HDACs for EC barrier preservation has gained momentum. However, the role of specific HDAC subtypes in EC barrier regulation remains largely unknown. This review aims to provide an update on the role of zinc-dependent HDACs in endothelial dysfunction and its related diseases. We will broadly focus on biological contributions, signaling pathways and transcriptional roles of HDACs in endothelial pathobiology associated mainly with lung diseases, and we will discuss the potential of their inhibitors for lung injury prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul S. Patil
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - McKenzie E. Maloney
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Rudolf Lucas
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - David J. R. Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Vijay Patel
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Zsolt Bagi
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Anita Kovacs-Kasa
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Laszlo Kovacs
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yunchao Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Alexander D. Verin
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Huang X, Zhang X, Machireddy N, Evans CE, Trewartha SD, Hu G, Fang Y, Mutlu GM, Wu D, Zhao YY. Endothelial FoxM1 reactivates aging-impaired endothelial regeneration for vascular repair and resolution of inflammatory lung injury. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabm5755. [PMID: 37585502 PMCID: PMC10894510 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abm5755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor of high incidence and increased mortality of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Here, we demonstrated that persistent lung injury and high mortality in aged mice after sepsis challenge were attributable to impaired endothelial regeneration and vascular repair. Genetic lineage tracing study showed that endothelial regeneration after sepsis-induced vascular injury was mediated by lung resident endothelial proliferation in young adult mice, whereas this intrinsic regenerative program was impaired in aged mice. Expression of forkhead box M1 (FoxM1), an important mediator of endothelial regeneration in young mice, was not induced in lungs of aged mice. Transgenic FOXM1 expression or in vivo endothelium-targeted nanoparticle delivery of the FOXM1 gene driven by an endothelial cell (EC)-specific promoter reactivated endothelial regeneration, normalized vascular repair and resolution of inflammation, and promoted survival in aged mice after sepsis challenge. In addition, treatment with the FDA-approved DNA demethylating agent decitabine was sufficient to reactivate FoxM1-dependent endothelial regeneration in aged mice, reverse aging-impaired resolution of inflammatory injury, and promote survival. Mechanistically, aging-induced Foxm1 promoter hypermethylation in mice, which could be inhibited by decitabine treatment, inhibited Foxm1 induction after sepsis challenge. In COVID-19 lung autopsy samples, FOXM1 was not induced in vascular ECs of elderly patients in their 80s, in contrast with middle-aged patients (aged 50 to 60 years). Thus, reactivation of FoxM1-mediated endothelial regeneration and vascular repair may represent a potential therapy for elderly patients with ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Huang
- Program for Lung and Vascular Biology and Section for Injury Repair and Regeneration Research, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL60611, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Chicago, IL60611, USA
| | - Xianming Zhang
- Program for Lung and Vascular Biology and Section for Injury Repair and Regeneration Research, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL60611, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Chicago, IL60611, USA
| | - Narsa Machireddy
- Program for Lung and Vascular Biology and Section for Injury Repair and Regeneration Research, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL60611, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Chicago, IL60611, USA
| | - Colin E. Evans
- Program for Lung and Vascular Biology and Section for Injury Repair and Regeneration Research, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL60611, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Chicago, IL60611, USA
| | - Shawn D. Trewartha
- Program for Lung and Vascular Biology and Section for Injury Repair and Regeneration Research, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL60611, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Chicago, IL60611, USA
| | - Guochang Hu
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL60607, USA
| | - Yun Fang
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637, USA
| | - Gökhan M. Mutlu
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637, USA
| | - David Wu
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637, USA
| | - You-Yang Zhao
- Program for Lung and Vascular Biology and Section for Injury Repair and Regeneration Research, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL60611, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Chicago, IL60611, USA
- Department of Pharmacology
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Chicago, IL60611, USA
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4
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Liu MY, Ju YN, Jia BW, Sun XK, Qiu L, Liu HY, Xu GX, Tai QH, Tan J, Gao W. Inhibition of DNA methylation attenuates lung ischemia-reperfusion injury after lung transplantation. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231153587. [PMID: 36756846 PMCID: PMC9912569 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231153587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE DNA methylation plays an important role in inflammation and oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the effect of inhibiting DNA methylation on lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI). METHODS We adopted a completely random design for our study. Thirty-two rats were randomized into the sham, LIRI, azathioprine (AZA), and pluripotin (SC1) groups. The rats in the LIRI, AZA, and SC1 groups received left lung transplantation and intravenous injection of saline, AZA, and SC1, respectively. After 24 hours of reperfusion, histological injury, the arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen ratio, the wet/dry weight ratio, protein and cytokine concentrations in lung tissue, and DNA methylation in lung tissue were evaluated. The pulmonary endothelium that underwent hypoxemia and reoxygenation was treated with AZA or SC1. Endothelial apoptosis, chemokines, reactive oxygen species, nuclear factor-κB, and apoptotic proteins in the endothelium were studied. RESULTS Inhibition of DNA methylation by AZA attenuated lung injury, inflammation, and the oxidative stress response, but SC1 aggravated LIRI injury. AZA significantly improved endothelial function, suppressed apoptosis and necrosis, reduced chemokines, and inhibited nuclear factor-κB. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of DNA methylation ameliorates LIRI and apoptosis and improves pulmonary function via the regulation of inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-yuan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of
Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ying-nan Ju
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital
of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bao-wei Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of
Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xi-kun Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of
Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lin Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of
Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Heng-yu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of
Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guang-xiao Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of
Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qi-hang Tai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of
Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jing Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of
Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of
Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China,Wei Gao, Department of Anesthesiology, The
Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Harbin,
Heilongjiang 150081, China.
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5
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D’Agostino C, Parisis D, Chivasso C, Hajiabbas M, Soyfoo MS, Delporte C. Aquaporin-5 Dynamic Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031889. [PMID: 36768212 PMCID: PMC9915196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin-5 (AQP5), belonging to the aquaporins (AQPs) family of transmembrane water channels, facilitates osmotically driven water flux across biological membranes and the movement of hydrogen peroxide and CO2. Various mechanisms have been shown to dynamically regulate AQP5 expression, trafficking, and function. Besides fulfilling its primary water permeability function, AQP5 has been shown to regulate downstream effectors playing roles in various cellular processes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge of the upstream and downstream effectors of AQP5 to gain an in-depth understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological processes involving AQP5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia D’Agostino
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dorian Parisis
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Rheumatology Department, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Clara Chivasso
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maryam Hajiabbas
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Muhammad Shahnawaz Soyfoo
- Rheumatology Department, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Delporte
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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6
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Zhang S, Meng Y, Zhou L, Qiu L, Wang H, Su D, Zhang B, Chan K, Han J. Targeting epigenetic regulators for inflammation: Mechanisms and intervention therapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e173. [PMID: 36176733 PMCID: PMC9477794 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that resolution of inflammation is a critical and dynamic endogenous process for host tissues defending against external invasive pathogens or internal tissue injury. It has long been known that autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory disorders are characterized by dysregulated immune responses, leading to excessive and uncontrol tissue inflammation. The dysregulation of epigenetic alterations including DNA methylation, posttranslational modifications to histone proteins, and noncoding RNA expression has been implicated in a host of inflammatory disorders and the immune system. The inflammatory response is considered as a critical trigger of epigenetic alterations that in turn intercede inflammatory actions. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanism that dictates the outcome of targeting epigenetic regulators for inflammatory disease is required for inflammation resolution. In this article, we elucidate the critical role of the nuclear factor‐κB signaling pathway, JAK/STAT signaling pathway, and the NLRP3 inflammasome in chronic inflammatory diseases. And we formulate the relationship between inflammation, coronavirus disease 2019, and human cancers. Additionally, we review the mechanism of epigenetic modifications involved in inflammation and innate immune cells. All that matters is that we propose and discuss the rejuvenation potential of interventions that target epigenetic regulators and regulatory mechanisms for chronic inflammation‐associated diseases to improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Zhang
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Genomics Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yang Meng
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Genomics Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Lian Zhou
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Genomics Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Lei Qiu
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Genomics Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Heping Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Dan Su
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Genomics Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Genomics Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Kui‐Ming Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Junhong Han
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Genomics Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
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7
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Rump K, Spellenberg T, von Busch A, Wolf A, Ziehe D, Thon P, Rahmel T, Adamzik M, Koos B, Unterberg M. AQP5-1364A/C Polymorphism Affects AQP5 Promoter Methylation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911813. [PMID: 36233114 PMCID: PMC9570216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantity of aquaporin 5 protein in neutrophil granulocytes is associated with human sepsis-survival. The C-allele of the aquaporin (AQP5)-1364A/C polymorphism was shown to be associated with decreased AQP5 expression, which was shown to be relevant in this context leading towards improved outcomes in sepsis. To date, the underlying mechanism of the C-allele—leading to lower AQP5 expression—has been unknown. Knowing the detailed mechanism depicts a crucial step with a target to further interventions. Genotype-dependent regulation of AQP5 expression might be mediated by the epigenetic mechanism of promoter methylation and treatment with epigenetic-drugs could maybe provide benefit. Hence, we tested the hypothesis that AQP5 promoter methylation differs between genotypes in specific types of immune cells.: AQP5 promoter methylation was quantified in cells of septic patients and controls by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and quantified by a standard curve. In cell-line models, AQP5 expression was analyzed after demethylation to determine the impact of promoter methylation on AQP5 expression. C-allele of AQP5-1364 A/C promoter polymorphism is associated with a five-fold increased promoter methylation in neutrophils (p = 0.0055) and a four-fold increase in monocytes (p = 0.0005) and lymphocytes (p = 0.0184) in septic patients and healthy controls as well. In addition, a decreased AQP5 promoter methylation was accompanied by an increased AQP5 expression in HL-60 (p = 0.0102) and REH cells (p = 0.0102). The C-allele which is associated with lower gene expression in sepsis is accompanied by a higher methylation level of the AQP5 promoter. Hence, AQP5 promoter methylation could depict a key mechanism in genotype-dependent expression.
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8
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Lannes-Costa PS, Pimentel BADS, Nagao PE. Role of Caveolin-1 in Sepsis – A Mini-Review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:902907. [PMID: 35911737 PMCID: PMC9334647 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.902907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a generalized disease characterized by an extreme response to a severe infection. Moreover, challenges remain in the diagnosis, treatment and management of septic patients. In this mini-review we demonstrate developments on cellular pathogenesis and the role of Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in sepsis. Studies have shown that Cav-1 has a significant role in sepsis through the regulation of membrane traffic and intracellular signaling pathways. In addition, activation of apoptosis/autophagy is considered relevant for the progression and development of sepsis. However, how Cav-1 is involved in sepsis remains unclear, and the precise mechanisms need to be further investigated. Finally, the role of Cav-1 in altering cell permeability during inflammation, in sepsis caused by microorganisms, apoptosis/autophagy activation and new therapies under study are discussed in this mini-review.
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9
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Fang Z, Sun X, Wang X, Ma J, Palaia T, Rana U, Miao B, Ragolia L, Hu W, Miao QR. NOGOB receptor deficiency increases cerebrovascular permeability and hemorrhage via impairing histone acetylation-mediated CCM1/2 expression. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e151382. [PMID: 35316220 PMCID: PMC9057619 DOI: 10.1172/jci151382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss function of cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) genes leads to most CCM lesions characterized by enlarged leaking vascular lesions in the brain. Although we previously showed that NOGOB receptor (NGBR) knockout in endothelial cells (ECs) results in cerebrovascular lesions in the mouse embryo, the molecular mechanism by which NGBR regulates CCM1/2 expression has not been elucidated. Here, we show that genetic depletion of Ngbr in ECs at both postnatal and adult stages results in CCM1/2 expression deficiency and cerebrovascular lesions such as enlarged vessels, blood-brain-barrier hyperpermeability, and cerebral hemorrhage. To reveal the molecular mechanism, we used RNA-sequencing analysis to examine changes in the transcriptome. Surprisingly, we found that the acetyltransferase HBO1 and histone acetylation were downregulated in NGBR-deficient ECs. The mechanistic studies elucidated that NGBR is required for maintaining the expression of CCM1/2 in ECs via HBO1-mediated histone acetylation. ChIP-qPCR data further demonstrated that loss of NGBR impairs the binding of HBO1 and acetylated histone H4K5 and H4K12 on the promotor of the CCM1 and CCM2 genes. Our findings on epigenetic regulation of CCM1 and CCM2 that is modulated by NGBR and HBO1-mediated histone H4 acetylation provide a perspective on the pathogenesis of sporadic CCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Fang
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, USA
- Department of Surgery and Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Xiaoran Sun
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, USA
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, USA
- Department of Surgery and Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ji Ma
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, USA
| | - Thomas Palaia
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, USA
| | - Ujala Rana
- Department of Surgery and Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Benjamin Miao
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, USA
| | - Louis Ragolia
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, USA
| | - Wenquan Hu
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, USA
- Department of Surgery and Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Qing Robert Miao
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, USA
- Department of Surgery and Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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10
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Inhibitors of DNA Methylation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1389:471-513. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11454-0_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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Raj V, Natarajan S, C M, Chatterjee S, Ramasamy M, Ramanujam GM, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA, Choi KC, Arockiaraj J, Karuppiah K. Cholecalciferol and metformin protect against lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial dysfunction and senescence by modulating sirtuin-1 and protein arginine methyltransferase-1. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 912:174531. [PMID: 34710370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cell activation through nuclear factor-kappa-B (NFkB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases leads to increased biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators, cellular injury and vascular inflammation under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure. Recent studies report that LPS up-regulated global methyltransferase activity. In this study, we observed that a combination treatment with metformin (MET) and cholecalciferol (VD) blocked the LPS-induced S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferase (SDM) activity in Eahy926 cells. We found that LPS challenge (i) increased arginine methylation through up-regulated protein arginine methyltransferase-1 (PRMT1) mRNA, intracellular concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and homocysteine (HCY); (ii) up-regulated cell senescence through mitigated sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) mRNA, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) concentration, telomerase activity and total antioxidant capacity; and (iii) lead to endothelial dysfunction through compromised nitric oxide (NOx) production. However, these LPS-mediated cellular events in Eahy926 cells were restored by the synergistic effect of MET and VD. Taken together, this study identified that the dual compound effect inhibits LPS-induced protein arginine methylation, endothelial senescence and dysfunction through the components of epigenetic machinery, SIRT1 and PRMT1, which is a previously unidentified function of the test compounds. In silico results identified the presence of vitamin D response element (VDRE) sequence on PRMT1 suggesting that VDR could regulate PRMT1 gene expression. Further characterization of the cellular events associated with the dual compound challenge, using gene silencing approach or adenoviral constructs for SIRT1 and/or PRMT1 under inflammatory stress, could identify therapeutic strategies to address the endothelial consequences in vascular inflammation-mediated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Raj
- Department of Medical Research, Medical College Hospital & Research Center, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603202, India
| | - Suganya Natarajan
- AU-KBC Research Centre, Madras Institute of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India
| | - Marimuthu C
- Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, 600100, India
| | - Suvro Chatterjee
- AU-KBC Research Centre, Madras Institute of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India
| | - Mohankumar Ramasamy
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603202, India
| | - Ganesh Munuswamy Ramanujam
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603202, India
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ki Choon Choi
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Seonghwan-Eup, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam, 330-801, Republic of Korea
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603202, India; Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Humanities, Kattankulathur 603203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kanchana Karuppiah
- Department of Medical Research, Medical College Hospital & Research Center, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603202, India.
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12
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Verma S, Singh A, Varshney A, Chandru RA, Acharya M, Rajput J, Sangwan VS, Tiwari AK, Bhowmick T, Tiwari A. Infectious Keratitis: An Update on Role of Epigenetics. Front Immunol 2021; 12:765890. [PMID: 34917084 PMCID: PMC8669721 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.765890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms modulate gene expression and function without altering the base sequence of DNA. These reversible, heritable, and environment-influenced mechanisms generate various cell types during development and orchestrate the cellular responses to external stimuli by regulating the expression of genome. Also, the epigenetic modifications influence common pathological and physiological responses including inflammation, ischemia, neoplasia, aging and neurodegeneration etc. In recent past, the field of epigenetics has gained momentum and become an increasingly important area of biomedical research As far as eye is concerned, epigenetic mechanisms may play an important role in many complex diseases such as corneal dystrophy, cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, ocular neoplasia, uveitis, and age-related macular degeneration. Focusing on the epigenetic mechanisms in ocular diseases may provide new understanding and insights into the pathogenesis of complex eye diseases and thus can aid in the development of novel treatments for these diseases. In the present review, we summarize the clinical perspective of infectious keratitis, role of epigenetics in infectious keratitis, therapeutic potential of epigenetic modifiers and the future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Verma
- Department of Zoology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College (University of Delhi), New Delhi, India
| | - Aastha Singh
- Department of Cornea and Uveitis, Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Akhil Varshney
- Department of Cornea and Uveitis, Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - R Arun Chandru
- Pandorum Technologies Ltd., Bangalore Bioinnovation Centre, Bangalore, India
| | - Manisha Acharya
- Department of Cornea and Uveitis, Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti Rajput
- Pandorum Technologies Ltd., Bangalore Bioinnovation Centre, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Tuhin Bhowmick
- Pandorum Technologies Ltd., Bangalore Bioinnovation Centre, Bangalore, India
| | - Anil Tiwari
- Department of Cornea and Uveitis, Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India
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13
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Ren Y, Li L, Wang MM, Cao LP, Sun ZR, Yang ZZ, Zhang W, Zhang P, Nie SN. Pravastatin attenuates sepsis-induced acute lung injury through decreasing pulmonary microvascular permeability via inhibition of Cav-1/eNOS pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 100:108077. [PMID: 34464887 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruption of alveolar endothelial barrier caused by inflammation drives the progression of septic acute lung injury (ALI). Pravastatin, an inhibitor of HMG Co-A reductase, has potent anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, we aim to explore the beneficial role of pravastatin in sepsis-induced ALI and its related mechanisms. METHODS A septic ALI model was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in mice. The pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The pathological changes in lung tissues were examined by HE staining. The pulmonary microvascular permeability was determined by lung wet-to-dry (W/D) weight ratio and Evans blue staining. The total protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was detected by BCA assay. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were assessed by qRT-PCR and ELISA. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry and TUNEL. Western blotting was performed for detection of target protein levels. The expression of VE-Cadherin in lung tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Pravastatin improved survival rate, attenuated lung pathological changes and reduced pulmonary microvascular permeability in septic mice. In addition, pravastatin restrained sepsis-induced inflammatory response and apoptosis in the lung tissues and PMVECs. Moreover, pravastatin up-regulated the levels of junction proteins ZO-1, JAM-C, and VE-Cadherin. Finally, pravastatin suppressed inflammation, apoptosis and enhanced the expression of junction proteins via regulating Cav-1/eNOS signaling pathway in LPS-exposed PMVECs. CONCLUSION Pravastatin ameliorates sepsis-induced ALI through improving alveolar endothelial barrier disruption via modulating Cav-1/eNOS pathway, which may be an effective candidate for treating septic ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Meng-Meng Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Cao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Zhao-Rui Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Zhi-Zhou Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Shi-Nan Nie
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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14
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Qin W, Scicluna BP, van der Poll T. The Role of Host Cell DNA Methylation in the Immune Response to Bacterial Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:696280. [PMID: 34394088 PMCID: PMC8358789 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.696280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Host cells undergo complex transcriptional reprogramming upon infection. Epigenetic changes play a key role in the immune response to bacteria, among which DNA modifications that include methylation have received much attention in recent years. The extent of DNA methylation is well known to regulate gene expression. Whilst historically DNA methylation was considered to be a stable epigenetic modification, accumulating evidence indicates that DNA methylation patterns can be altered rapidly upon exposure of cells to changing environments and pathogens. Furthermore, the action of proteins regulating DNA methylation, particularly DNA methyltransferases and ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenases, may be modulated, at least in part, by bacteria. This review discusses the principles of DNA methylation, and recent insights about the regulation of host DNA methylation during bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhai Qin
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Brendon P Scicluna
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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15
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Abstract
Objectives: Expound upon priorities for basic/translational science identified in a recent paper by a group of experts assigned by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Data Sources: Original paper, search of the literature. Study Selection: By several members of the original task force with specific expertise in basic/translational science. Data Extraction: None. Data Synthesis: None. Conclusions: In the first of a series of follow-up reports to the original paper, several members of the original task force with specific expertise provided a more in-depth analysis of the five identified priorities directly related to basic/translational science. This analysis expounds on what is known about the question and what was identified as priorities for ongoing research. It is hoped that this analysis will aid the development of future research initiatives.
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16
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Fang Z, Wang X, Sun X, Hu W, Miao QR. The Role of Histone Protein Acetylation in Regulating Endothelial Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:672447. [PMID: 33996829 PMCID: PMC8113824 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.672447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC), consisting of the innermost cellular layer of all types of vessels, is not only a barrier composer but also performing multiple functions in physiological processes. It actively controls the vascular tone and the extravasation of water, solutes, and macromolecules; modulates circulating immune cells as well as platelet and leukocyte recruitment/adhesion and activation. In addition, EC also tightly keeps coagulation/fibrinolysis balance and plays a major role in angiogenesis. Therefore, endothelial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of many diseases. Growing pieces of evidence suggest that histone protein acetylation, an epigenetic mark, is altered in ECs under different conditions, and the acetylation status change at different lysine sites on histone protein plays a key role in endothelial dysfunction and involved in hyperglycemia, hypertension, inflammatory disease, cancer and so on. In this review, we highlight the importance of histone acetylation in regulating endothelial functions and discuss the roles of histone acetylation across the transcriptional unit of protein-coding genes in ECs under different disease-related pathophysiological processes. Since histone acetylation changes are conserved and reversible, the knowledge of histone acetylation in endothelial function regulation could provide insights to develop epigenetic interventions in preventing or treating endothelial dysfunction-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Fang
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, United States
| | - Xiaoran Sun
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, United States
| | - Wenquan Hu
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, United States
| | - Qing R. Miao
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, United States
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17
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Zhang Q, Wang Y, Qu D, Yu J, Yang J. Role of HDAC6 inhibition in sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:422. [PMID: 33747162 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by sepsis contributes remarkably to the high mortality rate observed in intensive care units, largely due to a lack of effective drug therapies. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a class-IIb deacetylase that modulates non-nuclear protein functions via deacetylation and ubiquitination. Importantly, HDAC6 has been shown to exert anti-cancer, anti-neurodegeneration, and immunological effects, and several HDAC6 inhibitors have now entered clinical trials. It has also been recently shown to modulate inflammation, and HDAC6 inhibition has been demonstrated to markedly suppress experimental sepsis. The present review summarizes the role of HDAC6 in sepsis-induced inflammation and endothelial barrier dysfunction in recent years. It is proposed that HDAC6 inhibition predominantly ameliorates sepsis-induced ARDS by directly attenuating inflammation, which modulates the innate and adaptive immunity, transcription of pro-inflammatory genes, and protects endothelial barrier function. HDAC6 inhibition protects against sepsis-induced ARDS, thereby making HDAC6 a promising therapeutic target. However, HDAC inhibition may be associated with adverse effects on the embryo sac and oocyte, necessitating further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Danhua Qu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Jinyan Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Junling Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
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18
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Landman S, van der Horst C, van Erp PEJ, Joosten I, de Vries R, Koenen HJPM. Immune responses to azacytidine in animal models of inflammatory disorders: a systematic review. J Transl Med 2021; 19:11. [PMID: 33407530 PMCID: PMC7788785 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory disorders like diabetes, systemic lupus erythematodes, inflammatory lung diseases, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, but also rejection of transplanted organs and GvHD, form a major burden of disease. Current classes of immune suppressive drugs to treat these disorders are never curative and side effects are common. Therefore there is a need for new drugs with improved and more targeted modes of action. Potential candidates are the DNA methyl transferase inhibitor 5-azacytidine (Aza) and its derivative 5-aza 2′deoxycitidine (DAC). Aza and DAC have been tested in several pre-clinical in vivo studies. In order to obtain an overview of disorders for which Aza and/or DAC can be a potential treatment, and to find out where information is lacking, we systematically reviewed pre-clinical animal studies assessing Aza or DAC as a potential therapy for distinct inflammatory disorders. Also, study quality and risk of bias was systematically assessed. In the 35 identified studies, we show that both Aza and DAC do not only seem to be able to alleviate a number of inflammatory disorders, but also prevent solid organ rejection and GvHD in in vivo pre-clinical animal models. Aza/DAC are known to upregulate FOXP3, a master transcription factor for Treg, in vitro. Seventeen studies described the effect on Treg, of which 16 studies showed an increase in Treg. Increasing Treg therefore seems to be a common mechanism in preventing inflammatory disorders by Aza/DAC. We also found, however, that many essential methodological details were poorly reported leading to an unclear risk of bias. Therefore, reported effects might be an overestimation of the true effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sija Landman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine-Laboratory Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Chiel van der Horst
- Department of Laboratory Medicine-Laboratory Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Piet E J van Erp
- Department of Dermatology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Irma Joosten
- Department of Laboratory Medicine-Laboratory Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob de Vries
- Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J P M Koenen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine-Laboratory Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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19
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Bossardi Ramos R, Adam AP. Molecular Mechanisms of Vascular Damage During Lung Injury. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1304:95-107. [PMID: 34019265 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68748-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A variety of pulmonary and systemic insults promote an inflammatory response causing increased vascular permeability, leading to the development of acute lung injury (ALI), a condition necessitating hospitalization and intensive care, or the more severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a disease with a high mortality rate. Further, COVID-19 pandemic-associated ARDS is now a major cause of mortality worldwide. The pathogenesis of ALI is explained by injury to both the vascular endothelium and the alveolar epithelium. The disruption of the lung endothelial and epithelial barriers occurs in response to both systemic and local production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Studies that evaluate the association of genetic polymorphisms with disease risk did not yield many potential therapeutic targets to treat and revert lung injury. This failure is probably due in part to the phenotypic complexity of ALI/ARDS, and genetic predisposition may be obscured by the multiple environmental and behavioral risk factors. In the last decade, new research has uncovered novel epigenetic mechanisms that control ALI/ARDS pathogenesis, including histone modifications and DNA methylation. Enzyme inhibitors such as DNMTi and HDACi may offer new alternative strategies to prevent or reverse the vascular damage that occurs during lung injury. This review will focus on the latest findings on the molecular mechanisms of vascular damage in ALI/ARDS, the genetic factors that might contribute to the susceptibility for developing this disease, and the epigenetic changes observed in humans, as well as in experimental models of ALI/ADRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Bossardi Ramos
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - Alejandro Pablo Adam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
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20
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Deutschman CS, Hellman J, Roca RF, De Backer D, Coopersmith CM. The surviving sepsis campaign: basic/translational science research priorities. Intensive Care Med Exp 2020; 8:31. [PMID: 32676795 PMCID: PMC7365694 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-020-00312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Expound upon priorities for basic/translational science identified in a recent paper by a group of experts assigned by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Data sources Original paper, search of the literature. Study selection This study is selected by several members of the original task force with specific expertise in basic/translational science. Data extraction and data synthesis are not available. Conclusions In the first of a series of follow-up reports to the original paper, several members of the original task force with specific expertise provided a more in-depth analysis of the five identified priorities directly related to basic/translational science. This analysis expounds on what is known about the question and what was identified as priorities for ongoing research. It is hoped that this analysis will aid the development of future research initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford S Deutschman
- Department of Pediatrics, Hofstra/Northwell School of Medicine and the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research/Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra/Northwell School of Medicine and the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research/Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA.
| | - Judith Hellman
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ricard Ferrer Roca
- Intensive Care Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Shock, Organ Dysfunction and Resuscitation (SODIR) Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel De Backer
- Chirec Hospitals, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Craig M Coopersmith
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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21
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Lu CH, Chen CM, Ma J, Wu CJ, Chen LC, Kuo ML. DNA methyltransferase inhibitor alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106542. [PMID: 32361570 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe disease characterized by several inflammatory responses in the lung with high mortality. We applied a mouse model of the pulmonary inflammation induced by the intratracheal instillation of bleomycin which is widely used to induce ALI and fibrosis in animal models. We hypothesized that DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-azacytidine (5-Aza), with its anti-inflammatory benefits, might attenuate bleomycin-induced ALI through the alleviation of inflammation in the lung. We quantified white blood cells with cell blood count (CBC) test, lung inflammation by analyzing cells in the collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and histological analysis of the lung tissues, and gene expression levels by real-time PCR. Intratracheal administration of bleomycin in mice induced pulmonary inflammation, characterized by increased neutrophil infiltration and inflammatory cytokine expression in the lungs. Mice treated with 5-Aza showed a significant reduction of lung neutrophilia, together with lower expressions of CXCL2 and MCP-1. Furthermore, 5-Aza treatment decreased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the lung tissue. Collectively, our data show that DNA methyltransferase inhibitor can alleviate the lung inflammation of bleomycin-induced ALI, indicating an alternative treatment option for the inflammation-triggered lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hao Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland
| | - Chun-Ming Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jason Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Jang Wu
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Li-Chen Chen
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Kuo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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22
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Cui SN, Chen ZY, Yang XB, Chen L, Yang YY, Pan SW, Wang YX, Xu JQ, Zhou T, Xiao HR, Qin L, Yuan SY, Shang Y. Trichostatin A modulates the macrophage phenotype by enhancing autophagy to reduce inflammation during polymicrobial sepsis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 77:105973. [PMID: 31677992 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a syndrome of life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host responses to infection. Macrophage polarization is a key process involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Recent evidence has demonstrated that autophagy participates in the regulation of macrophage polarization in different phases of inflammation. Here, we investigated whether trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, promotes the macrophage M2 phenotype by enhancing autophagy to counteract excessive inflammation in a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) mouse model. TSA stimulation increased the proportions of M2 marker (CD206, CD124 and CD23)-labeled RAW264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, with increasing TSA doses, autophagy was enhanced gradually. Interestingly, the autophagy activator rapamycin (Rap), also known as an mTOR inhibitor, unexpectedly decreased the proportions of M2 marker-labeled macrophages. However, TSA treatment reversed the Rap-induced decreases in CD206-labeled macrophages. Next, we stimulated different groups of RAW264.7 cells with the autophagy inhibitors MHY1485 or 3-methyladenine (3-MA). Inhibition of autophagy at any stage in the process suppressed TSA-induced macrophage M2 polarization, but the effect was not associated with mTOR activity. In vivo, TSA administration promoted peritoneal macrophage M2 polarization, increased LC3 II expression, attenuated sepsis-induced organ (lung, liver and kidney) injury, and altered systemic inflammatory cytokine secretion. However, 3-MA abolished the protective effects of TSA in CLP mice and decreased the number of M2 peritoneal macrophages. Therefore, TSA promotes the macrophage M2 phenotype by enhancing autophagy to reduce systemic inflammation and ultimately improves the survival of mice with polymicrobial sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Nan Cui
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao-Yuan Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Yi Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shang-Wen Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Xin Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji-Qian Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hai-Rong Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi-Ying Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - You Shang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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23
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Dakhlallah DA, Wisler J, Gencheva M, Brown CM, Leatherman ER, Singh K, Brundage K, Karsies T, Dakhlallah A, Witwer KW, Sen CK, Eubank TD, Marsh CB. Circulating extracellular vesicle content reveals de novo DNA methyltransferase expression as a molecular method to predict septic shock. J Extracell Vesicles 2019; 8:1669881. [PMID: 31632618 PMCID: PMC6781191 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1669881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are mRNA-containing cell fragments shed into circulation during pathophysiological events. DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B) regulate gene expression by modifying DNA methylation and altering transcription. Sepsis is a systemic insult resulting in vascular dysfunction, which can lead to shock and death. We analysed plasma from ICU patients for circulating EV numbers, defined as particles isolated from 1 mL plasma at 21,000xg, and DNMTs mRNA content as prognostic markers of septic shock. Compared to plasma from critically ill patients with or without sepsis, plasma from septic shock patients contained more EVs per mL, expressed as total DNMTs mRNAs over 5 days, and more individual DNMT mRNAs at each day. A comparison of EV-DNMT1 (maintenance methylation) with EV-DNMT3A+DNMT3B (de novo methylation) expression correlated highly with severity, and EVs from septic shock patients carried more total DNMT mRNAs and more DNMT3A+DNMT3B mRNAs than control or sepsis EVs. Total plasma EVs also correlated with sepsis severity. EV-DNMT mRNAs load, when coupled with total plasma EV number, may be a novel method to diagnose septic shock upon ICU admittance and offer opportunities to more precisely intervene with standard therapy or other targeted interventions to regulate EV release and/or specific DNMT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duaa A. Dakhlallah
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute (WVCTSI), West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jon Wisler
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Marieta Gencheva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Candice M. Brown
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute (WVCTSI), West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine; Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Kanhaiya Singh
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kathy Brundage
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Todd Karsies
- Department of Critical Care, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ahmad Dakhlallah
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kenneth W. Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chandan K. Sen
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Timothy D. Eubank
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute (WVCTSI), West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Clay B. Marsh
- Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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24
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Cui SN, Chen L, Yang YY, Wang YX, Li SN, Zhou T, Xiao HR, Qin L, Yang W, Yuan SY, Yao SL, Shang Y. Activation of death-associated protein kinase 1 promotes neutrophil apoptosis to accelerate inflammatory resolution in acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Transl Med 2019; 99:1143-1156. [PMID: 30911150 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0242-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a uniform progression of overwhelming inflammation in lung tissue with extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells. Neutrophil apoptosis is thought to be a significant process in the control of the resolution phase of inflammation. It has been proved that 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (Aza) can inhibit cancer by activating death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) to promote apoptosis. However, the effect of DAPK1 on neutrophil apoptosis is unclear, and research on the role of Aza in inflammation is lacking. Here, we investigated whether Aza can regulate DAPK1 expression to influence the fate of neutrophils in ARDS. In vitro, we stimulated neutrophil-like HL-60 (dHL-60) cells with different concentrations of Aza for different durations and used RNA interference to up- or downregulate DAPK1 expression. We observed that culturing dHL-60 cells with Aza increased apoptosis by inhibiting NF-κB activation to modulate the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins, which was closely related to the levels of DAPK1. In vivo, ARDS was evoked by intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 3 mg/kg). One hour after LPS administration, mice were treated with Aza (1 mg/kg, i.p.). To inhibit DAPK1 expression, mice were intraperitoneally injected with a DAPK1 inhibitor. Aza treatment accelerated inflammatory resolution in LPS-induced ARDS by suppressing pulmonary edema, alleviating lung injury and decreasing the infiltration of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Moreover, Aza reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines. However, administration of the DAPK1 inhibitor attenuated the protective effects of Aza. Similarly, the proapoptotic function of Aza was prevented when DAPK1 was inhibited either in vivo or in vitro. In summary, Aza promotes neutrophil apoptosis by activating DAPK1 to accelerate inflammatory resolution in LPS-induced ARDS. This study provides the first evidence that Aza prevents LPS-induced neutrophil survival by modulating DAPK1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Nan Cui
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Yi Yang
- Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Xin Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Li
- Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hai-Rong Xiao
- Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Qin
- Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi-Ying Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. .,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Shang-Long Yao
- Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - You Shang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. .,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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25
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Cross D, Drury R, Hill J, Pollard AJ. Epigenetics in Sepsis: Understanding Its Role in Endothelial Dysfunction, Immunosuppression, and Potential Therapeutics. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1363. [PMID: 31275313 PMCID: PMC6591469 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis has a complex pathophysiology in which both excessive and refractory inflammatory responses are hallmark features. Pro-inflammatory cytokine responses during the early stages are responsible for significant endothelial dysfunction, loss of endothelial integrity, and organ failure. In addition, it is now well-established that a substantial number of sepsis survivors experience ongoing immunological derangement and immunosuppression following a septic episode. The underpinning mechanisms of these phenomena are incompletely understood yet they contribute to a significant proportion of sepsis-associated mortality. Epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, have an increasingly clear role in modulating inflammatory and other immunological processes. Recent evidence suggests epigenetic mechanisms are extensively perturbed as sepsis progresses, and particularly play a role in endothelial dysfunction and immunosuppression. Whilst therapeutic modulation of the epigenome is still in its infancy, there is substantial evidence from animal models that this approach could reap benefits. In this review, we summarize research elucidating the role of these mechanisms in several aspects of sepsis pathophysiology including tissue injury and immunosuppression. We also evaluate pre-clinical evidence for the use of "epi-therapies" in the treatment of poly-microbial sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Cross
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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26
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von Knethen A, Brüne B. Histone Deacetylation Inhibitors as Therapy Concept in Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020346. [PMID: 30654448 PMCID: PMC6359123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is characterized by dysregulated gene expression, provoking a hyper-inflammatory response occurring in parallel to a hypo-inflammatory reaction. This is often associated with multi-organ failure, leading to the patient’s death. Therefore, reprogramming of these pro- and anti-inflammatory, as well as immune-response genes which are involved in acute systemic inflammation, is a therapy approach to prevent organ failure and to improve sepsis outcomes. Considering epigenetic, i.e., reversible, modifications of chromatin, not altering the DNA sequence as one tool to adapt the expression profile, inhibition of factors mediating these changes is important. Acetylation of histones by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and initiating an open-chromatin structure leading to its active transcription is counteracted by histone deacetylases (HDACs). Histone deacetylation triggers a compact nucleosome structure preventing active transcription. Hence, inhibiting the activity of HDACs by specific inhibitors can be used to restore the expression profile of the cells. It can be assumed that HDAC inhibitors will reduce the expression of pro-, as well as anti-inflammatory mediators, which blocks sepsis progression. However, decreased cytokine expression might also be unfavorable, because it can be associated with decreased bacterial clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas von Knethen
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
- Fraunhofer⁻IME, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (TMP), 60596 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
- Fraunhofer⁻IME, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (TMP), 60596 Frankfurt, Germany.
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27
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Manipulation-free cultures of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes offer a novel screening method for cardiotoxicity. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1590-1603. [PMID: 29620051 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based cardiac regenerative medicine requires the efficient generation, structural soundness and proper functioning of mature cardiomyocytes, derived from the patient's somatic cells. The most important functional property of cardiomyocytes is the ability to contract. Currently available methods routinely used to test and quantify cardiomyocyte function involve techniques that are labor-intensive, invasive, require sophisticated instruments or can adversely affect cell vitality. We recently developed optical flow imaging method analyses and quantified cardiomyocyte contractile kinetics from video microscopic recordings without compromising cell quality. Specifically, our automated particle image velocimetry (PIV) analysis of phase-contrast video images captured at a high frame rate yields statistical measures characterizing the beating frequency, amplitude, average waveform and beat-to-beat variations. Thus, it can be a powerful assessment tool to monitor cardiomyocyte quality and maturity. Here we demonstrate the ability of our analysis to characterize the chronotropic responses of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes to a panel of ion channel modulators and also to doxorubicin, a chemotherapy agent with known cardiotoxic side effects. We conclude that the PIV-derived beat patterns can identify the elongation or shortening of specific phases in the contractility cycle, and the obtained chronotropic responses are in accord with known clinical outcomes. Hence, this system can serve as a powerful tool to screen the new and currently available pharmacological compounds for cardiotoxic effects.
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28
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Samanta S, Zhou Z, Rajasingh S, Panda A, Sampath V, Rajasingh J. DNMT and HDAC inhibitors together abrogate endotoxemia mediated macrophage death by STAT3-JMJD3 signaling. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 102:117-127. [PMID: 30010012 PMCID: PMC6309960 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common complication of sepsis that often leads to fatal lung disease without effective therapies. It is known that bone marrow derived macrophages are important in resolving the inflammation and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Here, we hypothesize that treatment in combination of DNA methyl transferase inhibitor (DNMTi) 5-Aza 2-deoxycytidine (Aza) and histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) Trichostatin A (TSA) mitigates the inflammation induced pyroptosis and apoptosis during endotoxemia induced ALI. To test this hypothesis, the mice challenged with a sublethal dose of LPS followed by one-hour post-treatment with a single dose of Aza and TSA intraperitoneally showed a substantial attenuation of apoptosis and inflammation. Importantly, we observed significant changes in the mitochondrial membrane structure, and lower levels of DNA fragmentation, reduced expression of apoptotic and pyroptotic genes both transcriptionally and translationally in LPS induced BMDMs treated by a combination of Aza and TSA than in LPS-induced BMDMs treated with either drug alone. The protection was mediated by an inhibition of JNK-ERK and STAT3-JMJD3 activated pathways. Thus, targeting these important signaling pathways with the combination of Aza and TSA would be a good treatment modality for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheli Samanta
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Sheeja Rajasingh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Arunima Panda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Venkatesh Sampath
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Johnson Rajasingh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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29
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Mohammadi A, Sharifi A, Pourpaknia R, Mohammadian S, Sahebkar A. Manipulating macrophage polarization and function using classical HDAC inhibitors: Implications for autoimmunity and inflammation. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 128:1-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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30
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Laskowski AI, Fanslow DA, Smith ED, Kosak ST. Clinical Epigenetic Therapies Disrupt Sex Chromosome Dosage Compensation in Human Female Cells. GENDER AND THE GENOME 2018; 2:2-7. [PMID: 30899898 DOI: 10.1177/2470289718787106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex chromosome gene dosage compensation is required to ensure equivalent levels of X-linked gene expression between males (46, XY) and females (46, XX). To achieve similar expression, X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is initiated in female cells during early stages of embryogenesis. Within each cell, either the maternal or paternal X chromosome is selected for whole chromosome transcriptional silencing, which is initiated and maintained by epigenetic and chromatin conformation mechanisms. With the emergence of small-molecule epigenetic inhibitors for the treatment of disease, such as cancer, the epigenetic mechanism underlying XCI may be inadvertently targeted. Here, we test 2 small-molecule epigenetic inhibitors being used clinically, GSK126 (a histone H3 lysine 27 methyltransferase inhibitor) and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (a histone deacetylase inhibitor), on their effects of the inactive X (Xi) in healthy human female fibroblasts. The combination of these modifiers, at subcancer therapeutic levels, leads to the inability to detect the repressive H3K27me3 modification characteristic of XCI in the majority of the cells. Importantly, genes positioned near the X-inactivation center (Xic), where inactivation is initiated, exhibit robust expression with treatment of the inhibitors, while genes located near the distal ends of the X chromosome intriguingly exhibit significant downregulation. These results demonstrate that small-molecule epigenetic inhibitors can have profound consequences on XCI in human cells, and they underscore the importance of considering gender when developing and clinically testing small-molecule epigenetic inhibitors, in particular those that target the well-characterized mechanisms of X inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka I Laskowski
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Danielle A Fanslow
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erica D Smith
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steven T Kosak
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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31
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DNA Methyltransferase Inhibition Promotes Th1 Polarization in Human CD4 +CD25 high FOXP3 + Regulatory T Cells but Does Not Affect Their Suppressive Capacity. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:4973964. [PMID: 29850630 PMCID: PMC5924998 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4973964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) can show plasticity whereby FOXP3 expression, the master transcription factor for Treg suppressor function, is lost and proinflammatory cytokines are produced. Optimal FOXP3 expression strongly depends on hypomethylation of the FOXP3 gene. 5-Azacytidine (Aza) and its derivative 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (DAC) are DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi) that are therapeutically used in hematological malignancies, which might be an attractive strategy to promote Treg stability. Previous in vitro research primarily focused on Treg induction by DAC from naïve conventional CD4+ T cells (Tconv). Here, we examined the in vitro effect of DAC on the stability and function of FACS-sorted human naturally occurring CD4+CD25high FOXP3+ Treg. We found that in vitro activation of Treg in the presence of DAC led to a significant inhibition of Treg proliferation, but not of Tconv. Although Treg activation in the presence of DAC led to increased IFNγ expression and induction of a Thelper-1 phenotype, the Treg maintained their suppressive capacity. DAC also induced a trend towards increased IL-10 expression. In vivo studies in patients with hematological malignancies that were treated with 5-azacytidine (Vidaza) supported the in vitro findings. In conclusion, despite its potential to increase IFNγ expression, DAC does preserve the suppressor phenotype of naturally occurring Treg.
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33
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Low-dose hydrocortisone prolongs survival in a lethal sepsis model in adrenalectomized rats. J Surg Res 2018; 227:72-80. [PMID: 29804866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controversial clinical findings of low-dose hydrocortisone supplementation in septic shock led us to investigate the impact of administration in lethal septic shock in adrenalectomized rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS After preliminary experiments, to define the intravenous dose of hydrocortisone delivered in bilaterally adrenalectomized rats with serum cortisol level similar to sham rats, survival experiments were run in 75 rats after intraperitoneal challenge with Escherichia coli. Rats were treated with placebo, ertapenem, hydrocortisone, and a combination. Sacrifice experiments were run to measure gene transcripts in whole blood and in the liver and to assess cytokine stimulation of splenocytes and tissue overgrowth. RESULTS The combination of hydrocortisone and ertapenem was superior to any single treatment and mandatory to achieve survival benefit. Splenocytes from infected rats had decreased production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα); this was reversed with hydrocortisone treatment. Hydrocortisone increased the expression of TNF, Il1r2, and Hdac4 and decreased that of Dnmt3a. Bacterial burden of E. coli in kidney was decreased after hydrocortisone treatment. CONCLUSIONS Low dose of hydrocortisone is a mandatory adjunctive to antimicrobial therapy in a rat model of septic shock after bilateral adrenalectomy. The mechanism of action is related to reversal of sepsis-induced immunosuppression through interaction with histone deacetylases and de novo DNA methyltransferases.
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Pacelli S, Acosta F, Chakravarti AR, Samanta SG, Whitlow J, Modaresi S, Ahmed RPH, Rajasingh J, Paul A. Nanodiamond-based injectable hydrogel for sustained growth factor release: Preparation, characterization and in vitro analysis. Acta Biomater 2017; 58:479-491. [PMID: 28532899 PMCID: PMC5560430 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds (NDs) represent an emerging class of carbon nanomaterials that possess favorable physical and chemical properties to be used as multifunctional carriers for a variety of bioactive molecules. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of a new injectable ND-based nanocomposite hydrogel which facilitates a controlled release of therapeutic molecules for regenerative applications. In particular, we have formulated a thermosensitive hydrogel using gelatin, chitosan and NDs that provides a sustained release of exogenous human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for wound healing applications. Addition of NDs improved the mechanical properties of the injectable hydrogels without affecting its thermosensitive gelation properties. Biocompatibility of the generated hydrogel was verified by in vitro assessment of apoptotic gene expressions and anti-inflammatory interleukin productions. NDs were complexed with VEGF and the inclusion of this complex in the hydrogel network enabled the sustained release of the angiogenic growth factor. These results suggest for the first time that NDs can be used to formulate a biocompatible, thermosensitive and multifunctional hydrogel platform that can function both as a filling agent to modulate hydrogel properties, as well as a delivery platform for the controlled release of bioactive molecules and growth factors. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE One of the major drawbacks associated with the use of conventional hydrogels as carriers of growth factors is their inability to control the release kinetics of the loaded molecules. In fact, in most cases, a burst release is inevitable leading to diminished therapeutic effects and unsuccessful therapies. As a potential solution to this issue, we hereby propose a strategy of incorporating ND complexes within an injectable hydrogel matrix. The functional groups on the surface of the NDs can establish interactions with the model growth factor VEGF and promote a prolonged release from the polymer network, therefore, providing a longer therapeutic effect. Our strategy demonstrates the efficacy of using NDs as an essential component for the design of a novel injectable nanocomposite system with improved release capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Settimio Pacelli
- BioIntel Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Francisca Acosta
- BioIntel Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Aparna R Chakravarti
- BioIntel Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Saheli G Samanta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Jonathan Whitlow
- BioIntel Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Saman Modaresi
- BioIntel Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Rafeeq P H Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, 231-Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati 45267, United States
| | - Johnson Rajasingh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Arghya Paul
- BioIntel Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States.
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Samanta S, Rajasingh S, Cao T, Dawn B, Rajasingh J. Epigenetic dysfunctional diseases and therapy for infection and inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1863:518-528. [PMID: 27919711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Even though the discovery of the term 'epigenetics' was in the 1940s, it has recently become one of the most promising and expanding fields to unravel the gene expression pattern in several diseases. The most well studied example is cancer, but other diseases like metabolic disorders, autism, or inflammation-associated diseases such as lung injury, autoimmune disease, asthma, and type-2 diabetes display aberrant gene expression and epigenetic regulation during their occurrence. The change in the epigenetic pattern of a gene may also alter gene function because of a change in the DNA status. Constant environmental pressure, lifestyle, as well as food habits are the other important parameters responsible for transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic traits. Discovery of epigenetic modifiers targeting DNA methylation and histone deacetylation enzymes could be an alternative source to treat or manipulate the pathogenesis of diseases. Particularly, the combination of epigenetic drugs such as 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (Aza) and trichostatin A (TSA) are well studied to reduce inflammation in an acute lung injury model. It is important to understand the epigenetic machinery and the function of its components in specific diseases to develop targeted epigenetic therapy. Moreover, it is equally critical to know the specific inhibitors other than the widely used pan inhibitors in clinical trials and explore their roles in regulating specific genes in a more defined way during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheli Samanta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Sheeja Rajasingh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Thuy Cao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Buddhadeb Dawn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Johnson Rajasingh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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Huang X, Kong G, Li Y, Zhu W, Xu H, Zhang X, Li J, Wang L, Zhang Z, Wu Y, Liu X, Wang X. Decitabine and 5-azacitidine both alleviate LPS induced ARDS through anti-inflammatory/antioxidant activity and protection of glycocalyx and inhibition of MAPK pathways in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:447-453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Patel U, Rajasingh S, Samanta S, Cao T, Dawn B, Rajasingh J. Macrophage polarization in response to epigenetic modifiers during infection and inflammation. Drug Discov Today 2016; 22:186-193. [PMID: 27554801 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are a heterogeneous population of phagocytic cells present in all tissues. Recently, several drugs that target the epigenetic machinery have emerged as attractive molecules for treating infection and inflammation by modulating macrophages. Treatment of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged macrophages with epigenetic modifiers leads to phenotype switching. This could provide stimulatory/destructive (M1) or suppressive/protective (M2) therapeutic strategies, which are crucial in the cytokine milieu in which the macrophages reside. In this review, we provide an overview of macrophage functional diversity during various diseases, including infection, as well as the current status in the development and clinical utility of epigenetic modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmi Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Sheeja Rajasingh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Saheli Samanta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Thuy Cao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Buddhadeb Dawn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Johnson Rajasingh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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Li H, Tan G, Tong L, Han P, Zhang F, Liu B, Sun X. Pentoxifylline inhibits pulmonary inflammation induced by infrarenal aorticcross-clamping dependent of adenosine receptor A2A. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:2210-2221. [PMID: 27347328 PMCID: PMC4891433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Infrarenal aortic cross-clamping (IAC) is commonly used during infrarenal vascular operations. Prolonged IAC causes ischemia-reperfusion injury to local tissues, resulting in the release of inflammatory cytokines and acute lung injury (ALI). Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a clinically used drug for chronic occlusive arterial diseases and exerts protective effects against ALI induced by various factors in experimental models. In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of PTX in a rat model of IAC. Wistar rats underwent IAC for 2 h, followed by 4 h reperfusion. PTX alone, or in combination with ZM-241385 (an adenosine receptor A2A antagonist) or CGS-21680 (an A2A agonist), was pre-administered to rats 1 h prior to IAC, and the severity of lung injury and inflammation were examined. Administration of PTX significantly attenuated ALI induced by IAC, evidenced by reduced histological scores and wet lung contents, improved blood gas parameters, decreased cell counts and protein amounts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, and inhibition of MPO activity and ICAM-1 expression in lung tissues, and lower plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and soluble ICAM-1. ZM-241385 significantly abrogated, while CGS-21680 slightly enhanced, the effects of PTX in ameliorating ALI and inhibiting pulmonary inflammation. In exploration of the mechanisms, we found that PTX stimulated IL-10 production through the phosphorylation of STAT3, and A2A receptor participated in this regulation. The study indicates PTX plays a protective role in IAC-induced ALI in rats by inhibiting pulmonary inflammation through A2A signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hali Li
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, China
| | - Gang Tan
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, China
| | - Liquan Tong
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityDaqing 163319, China
| | - Peng Han
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityDaqing 163319, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, China
| | - Xueying Sun
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, China
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Lopez M, Halby L, Arimondo PB. DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors: Development and Applications. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 945:431-473. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-43624-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Rajasingh S, Thangavel J, Czirok A, Samanta S, Roby KF, Dawn B, Rajasingh J. Generation of Functional Cardiomyocytes from Efficiently Generated Human iPSCs and a Novel Method of Measuring Contractility. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134093. [PMID: 26237415 PMCID: PMC4523188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived cardiomyocytes (iCMCs) would provide an unlimited cell source for regenerative medicine and drug discoveries. The objective of our study is to generate functional cardiomyocytes from human iPSCs and to develop a novel method of measuring contractility of CMCs. In a series of experiments, adult human skin fibroblasts (HSF) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with a combination of pluripotent gene DNA and mRNA under specific conditions. The iPSC colonies were identified and differentiated into various cell lineages, including CMCs. The contractile activity of CMCs was measured by a novel method of frame-by-frame cross correlation (particle image velocimetry-PIV) analysis. Our treatment regimen transformed 4% of HSFs into iPSC colonies at passage 0, a significantly improved efficiency compared with use of either DNA or mRNA alone. The iPSCs were capable of differentiating both in vitro and in vivo into endodermal, ectodermal and mesodermal cells, including CMCs with >88% of cells being positive for troponin T (CTT) and Gata4 by flow cytometry. We report a highly efficient combination of DNA and mRNA to generate iPSCs and functional iCMCs from adult human cells. We also report a novel approach to measure contractility of iCMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeja Rajasingh
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Jayakumar Thangavel
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Andras Czirok
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Saheli Samanta
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Katherine F. Roby
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Buddhadeb Dawn
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Johnson Rajasingh
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JR)
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Thangavel J, Samanta S, Rajasingh S, Barani B, Xuan YT, Dawn B, Rajasingh J. Epigenetic modifiers reduce inflammation and modulate macrophage phenotype during endotoxemia-induced acute lung injury. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:3094-105. [PMID: 26116574 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.170258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) during sepsis is characterized by bilateral alveolar infiltrates, lung edema and respiratory failure. Here, we examined the efficacy the DNA methyl transferase (DNMT) inhibitor 5-Aza 2-deoxycytidine (Aza), the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA), as well as the combination therapy of Aza and TSA (Aza+TSA) provides in the protection of ALI. In LPS-induced mouse ALI, post-treatment with a single dose of Aza+TSA showed substantial attenuation of adverse lung histopathological changes and inflammation. Importantly, these protective effects were due to substantial macrophage phenotypic changes observed in LPS-stimulated macrophages treated with Aza+TSA as compared with untreated LPS-induced macrophages or LPS-stimulated macrophages treated with either drug alone. Further, we observed significantly lower levels of pro-inflammatory molecules and higher levels of anti-inflammatory molecules in LPS-induced macrophages treated with Aza+TSA than in LPS-induced macrophages treated with either drug alone. The protection was ascribed to dual effects by an inhibition of MAPK-HuR-TNF and activation of STAT3-Bcl2 pathways. Combinatorial treatment with Aza+TSA reduces inflammation and promotes an anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage phenotype in ALI, and has a therapeutic potential for patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakumar Thangavel
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Saheli Samanta
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Sheeja Rajasingh
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Bahar Barani
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Yu-Ting Xuan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Buddhadeb Dawn
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Johnson Rajasingh
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Singer BD, Mock JR, Aggarwal NR, Garibaldi BT, Sidhaye VK, Florez MA, Chau E, Gibbs KW, Mandke P, Tripathi A, Yegnasubramanian S, King LS, D’Alessio FR. Regulatory T cell DNA methyltransferase inhibition accelerates resolution of lung inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 52:641-52. [PMID: 25295995 PMCID: PMC4491142 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0327oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common and often fatal inflammatory lung condition without effective targeted therapies. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) resolve lung inflammation, but mechanisms that enhance Tregs to promote resolution of established damage remain unknown. DNA demethylation at the forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3) locus and other key Treg loci typify the Treg lineage. To test how dynamic DNA demethylation affects lung injury resolution, we administered the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (DAC) to wild-type (WT) mice beginning 24 hours after intratracheal LPS-induced lung injury. Mice that received DAC exhibited accelerated resolution of their injury. Lung CD4(+)CD25(hi)Foxp3(+) Tregs from DAC-treated WT mice increased in number and displayed enhanced Foxp3 expression, activation state, suppressive phenotype, and proliferative capacity. Lymphocyte-deficient recombinase activating gene-1-null mice and Treg-depleted (diphtheria toxin-treated Foxp3(DTR)) mice did not resolve their injury in response to DAC. Adoptive transfer of 2 × 10(5) DAC-treated, but not vehicle-treated, exogenous Tregs rescued Treg-deficient mice from ongoing lung inflammation. In addition, in WT mice with influenza-induced lung inflammation, DAC rescue treatment facilitated recovery of their injury and promoted an increase in lung Treg number. Thus, DNA methyltransferase inhibition, at least in part, augments Treg number and function to accelerate repair of experimental lung injury. Epigenetic pathways represent novel manipulable targets for the treatment of ARDS.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Lung Injury/chemically induced
- Acute Lung Injury/drug therapy
- Acute Lung Injury/enzymology
- Acute Lung Injury/immunology
- Acute Lung Injury/virology
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Azacitidine/analogs & derivatives
- Azacitidine/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte
- DNA Modification Methylases/antagonists & inhibitors
- DNA Modification Methylases/metabolism
- Decitabine
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype
- Lipopolysaccharides
- Lung/drug effects
- Lung/enzymology
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/virology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Phenotype
- Pneumonia/chemically induced
- Pneumonia/drug therapy
- Pneumonia/enzymology
- Pneumonia/immunology
- Pneumonia/virology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/enzymology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/transplantation
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/virology
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Singer
- Johns Hopkins University Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; and
| | - Jason R. Mock
- Johns Hopkins University Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; and
| | - Neil R. Aggarwal
- Johns Hopkins University Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; and
| | - Brian T. Garibaldi
- Johns Hopkins University Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; and
| | | | - Marcus A. Florez
- Johns Hopkins University Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; and
| | - Eric Chau
- Johns Hopkins University Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; and
| | - Kevin W. Gibbs
- Johns Hopkins University Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; and
| | - Pooja Mandke
- Johns Hopkins University Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; and
| | - Ashutosh Tripathi
- Johns Hopkins University Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; and
| | | | - Landon S. King
- Johns Hopkins University Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; and
| | - Franco R. D’Alessio
- Johns Hopkins University Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; and
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Protection against reperfusion lung injury via aborgating multiple signaling cascades by trichostatin A. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 25:267-75. [PMID: 25698558 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Trichostatin A (TSA) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor with anti-inflammatory effects. Nonetheless, little information is available about the effect of TSA in ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced lung injury. In a perfused rat lung model, IR was induced by 40min of ischemia followed by 60min of reperfusion. The rat lungs were randomly divided into several groups including control, control+TSA (0.1mg/kg), IR, and IR+various dosages of TSA (0.05, 0.075, 0.1mg/kg). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and lung tissues were obtained and examined at the end of the experiment. TSA dose-dependently diminished IR-induced increased vascular permeability and edema, pulmonary artery pressure, and histological changes in the lungs. Additionally, TSA suppressed lavage tumor necrosis factor-α and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant concentrations, cell infiltration, and myeloperoxidase-positive cells in the lung tissue. Furthermore, TSA attenuated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, degradation of the inhibitor of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and nuclear NF-κB levels. TSA also decreased poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase but enhanced acetylated histone H3 acetylation, Bcl-2, and mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) expression in IR lung tissue. Therefore, TSA exerted a protective effect on IR-induced lung injury via increasing histone acetylation and MKP-1 protein expression, repressing NF-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and apoptosis signaling pathways.
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