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Wang D, Han S, Lv G, Hu Y, Zhuo W, Zeng Z, Tang J, Huang Y, Wang F, Wang J, Zhao Y, Zhao G. Pancreatic Acinar Cells-Derived Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Contributes to Fibrosis of Chronic Pancreatitis via Inducing Autophagy and Activation of Pancreatic Stellate Cells. Gastroenterology 2023; 165:1488-1504.e20. [PMID: 37634735 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Studies have demonstrated that activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) play a crucial role in pancreatic fibrogenesis in chronic pancreatitis (CP); however, the precise mechanism for PSCs activation has not been fully elucidated. We analyzed the role of injured pancreatic acinar cells (iPACs) in the activation of PSCs of CP. METHODS Sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1)/sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling was evaluated in experimental CP induced by cerulein injection or pancreatic duct ligation, as well as in PACs injured by cholecystokinin. The activation of PSCs and pancreatic fibrosis in CP samples was evaluated by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analyses. In vitro coculture assay of iPACs and PSCs was created to evaluate the effect of the SPHK1/S1P pathway and S1P receptor 2 (SIPR2) on autophagy and activation of PSCs. The pathogenesis of CP was assessed in SPHK1-/- mice or PACs-specific SPHK1-knockdown mice with recombinant adeno-associated virus serotypes 9-SPHK1-knockdown, as well as in mice treated with inhibitor of SPHK1 and S1P receptor 2 (S1PR2). RESULTS SPHK1/S1P was remarkably increased in iPACs and acinar cells in pancreatic tissues of CP mice. Meanwhile, the pathogenesis, fibrosis, and PSCs activation of CP was significantly prevented in SPHK1-/- mice and recombinant adeno-associated virus serotypes 9-SPHK1-knockdown mice. Meanwhile, iPACs obviously activated PSCs, which was prevented by SPHK1 knockdown in iPACs. Moreover, iPACs-derived S1P specifically combined to S1PR2 of PSCs, by which modulated 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway and consequently induced autophagy and activation of PSCs. Furthermore, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α and -2α promoted SPHK1 transcription of PACs under hypoxia conditions, which is a distinct characteristic of the CP microenvironment. Coincidently, inhibition of SPHK1 and S1PR2 activity with inhibitor PF-543 and JTE-013 obviously impeded pancreatic fibrogenesis of CP mice. CONCLUSIONS The activated SPHK1/S1P pathway in iPACs induces autophagy and activation of PSCs by regulating the S1PR2/5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, which promotes fibrogenesis of CP. The hypoxia microenvironment might contribute to the cross talk between PACs and PSCs in pathogenesis of CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decai Wang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan China
| | - Shengbo Han
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan China
| | - Guozheng Lv
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan China
| | - Yuhang Hu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan China
| | - Wenfeng Zhuo
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan China
| | - Zhu Zeng
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan China
| | - Jiang Tang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan China.
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Chang YC, Liu HP, Chuang HL, Liao JW, Kao PL, Chan HL, Chen TH, Wang YC. Feline mammary carcinoma-derived extracellular vesicle promotes liver metastasis via sphingosine kinase-1-mediated premetastatic niche formation. Lab Anim Res 2023; 39:27. [PMID: 37941082 PMCID: PMC10634095 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-023-00180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feline mammary carcinoma (FMC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies of female cats. FMC is highly metastatic and thus leads to poor disease outcomes. Among all metastases, liver metastasis occurs in about 25% of FMC patients. However, the mechanism underlying hepatic metastasis of FMC remains largely uncharacterized. RESULTS Herein, we demonstrate that FMC-derived extracellular vesicles (FMC-EVs) promotes the liver metastasis of FMC by activating hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) to prime a hepatic premetastatic niche (PMN). Moreover, we provide evidence that sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) delivered by FMC-EV was pivotal for the activation of HSC and the formation of hepatic PMN. Depletion of SK1 impaired cargo sorting in FMC-EV and the EV-potentiated HSC activation, and abolished hepatic colonization of FMC cells. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings uncover a previously uncharacterized mechanism underlying liver-metastasis of FMC and provide new insights into prognosis and treatment of this feline malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chih Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science & Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Ping Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Li Chuang
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Kao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Hsun-Lung Chan
- Veterinary Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Ter-Hsin Chen
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Wang
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
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Chen H, Luo S, Chen H, Zhang C. ATF3 regulates SPHK1 in cardiomyocyte injury via endoplasmic reticulum stress. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e998. [PMID: 37773702 PMCID: PMC10540145 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is common in different human pathologies, including cardiac diseases. Sphingosine kinase-1 (SPHK1) represents an important player in cardiac growth and function. Nevertheless, its function in cardiomyocyte ER stress remains vague. This study sought to evaluate the mechanism through which SPHK1 might influence ER stress during myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS MI-related GEO data sets were queried to screen differentially expressed genes. Murine HL-1 cells exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and mice with MI were induced, followed by gene expression manipulation using short hairpin RNAs and overexpression vectors. The activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and SPHK1 expression was examined in cells and tissues. Cell counting kit-8, TUNEL, DHE, HE, and Masson's staining were conducted in vitro and in vivo. The inflammatory factor concentrations in mouse serum were measured using ELISA. Finally, the transcriptional regulation of SPHK1 by ATF3 was validated. RESULTS ATF3 and SPHK1 were upregulated in vivo and in vitro. ATF3 downregulation reduced the SPHK1 transcription. ATF3 and SPHK1 downregulation increased the viability of OGD-treated HL-1 cells and decreased apoptosis, oxidative stress, and ER stress. ATF3 and SPHK1 downregulation narrowed the infarction area and attenuated myocardial fibrosis in mice, along with reduced inflammation in the serum and ER stress in the myocardium. In contrast, SPHK1 reduced the protective effect of ATF3 downregulation in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS ATF3 downregulation reduced SPHK1 expression to attenuate cardiomyocyte injury in MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Chen
- Division of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingP.R. China
| | - Suxin Luo
- Division of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingP.R. China
| | - Huamei Chen
- Division of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingYunnanP.R. China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of EmergencyThe People's Hospital of ChuXiong YiZu Autonomous PrefectureChuxiongYunnanP.R. China
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Shao C, Xu H, Sun X, Huang Y, Guo W, He Y, Ye L, Wang Z, Huang J, Liang X, Zhang J. New Perspectives on Chinese Medicine in Treating Hepatic Fibrosis: Lipid Droplets in Hepatic Stellate Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2023; 51:1413-1429. [PMID: 37429706 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x23500647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis (HF) is a wound healing response featuring excessive deposition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) that occurs during chronic liver injury. As an initial stage of various liver diseases, HF is a reversible pathological process that, if left unchecked, can escalate into cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver cancer. HF is a life-threatening disease presenting morbidity and mortality challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. There is no specific and effective anti-HF therapy, and the toxic side effects of the available drugs also impose a heavy financial burden on patients. Therefore, it is significant to study the pathogenesis of HF and explore effective prevention and treatment measures. Formerly called adipocytes, or fat storage cells, HSCs regulate liver growth, immunity, and inflammation, as well as energy and nutrient homeostasis. HSCs in a quiescent state do not proliferate and store abundant lipid droplets (LDs). Catabolism of LDs is characteristic of the activation of HSCs and morphological transdifferentiation of cells into contractile and proliferative myofibroblasts, resulting in the deposition of ECM and the development of HF. Recent studies have revealed that various Chinese medicines (e.g., Artemisia annua, turmeric, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, etc.) are able to effectively reduce the degradation of LDs in HSCs. Therefore, this study takes the modification of LDs in HSCs as an entry point to elaborate on the process of Chinese medicine intervening in the loss of LDs in HSCs and the mechanism of action for the treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Shao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
| | - Huihui Xu
- The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
| | - Xiguang Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
| | - Wenqin Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
| | - Yi He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
| | - Linmao Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
| | - Zhili Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofan Liang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
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Musso G, Saba F, Cassader M, Gambino R. Lipidomics in pathogenesis, progression and treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): Recent advances. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 91:101238. [PMID: 37244504 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease affecting up to 30% of the general adult population. NAFLD encompasses a histological spectrum ranging from pure steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH can progress to cirrhosis and is becoming the most common indication for liver transplantation, as a result of increasing disease prevalence and of the absence of approved treatments. Lipidomic readouts of liver blood and urine samples from experimental models and from NASH patients disclosed an abnormal lipid composition and metabolism. Collectively, these changes impair organelle function and promote cell damage, necro-inflammation and fibrosis, a condition termed lipotoxicity. We will discuss the lipid species and metabolic pathways leading to NASH development and progression to cirrhosis, as well as and those species that can contribute to inflammation resolution and fibrosis regression. We will also focus on emerging lipid-based therapeutic opportunities, including specialized proresolving lipid molecules and macrovesicles contributing to cell-to-cell communication and NASH pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Musso
- Dept of Emergency Medicine, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
| | - Francesca Saba
- Dept. of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cassader
- Dept. of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambino
- Dept. of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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6
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Kolaric TO, Kuna L, Covic M, Roguljic H, Matic A, Sikora R, Hefer M, Petrovic A, Mihaljevic V, Smolic R, Bilic-Curcic I, Vcev A, Smolic M. Preclinical Models and Promising Pharmacotherapeutic Strategies in Liver Fibrosis: An Update. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:4246-4260. [PMID: 37232739 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis represents one of the greatest challenges in medicine. The fact that it develops with the progression of numerous diseases with high prevalence (NAFLD, viral hepatitis, etc.) makes liver fibrosis an even greater global health problem. Accordingly, it has received much attention from numerous researchers who have developed various in vitro and in vivo models to better understand the mechanisms underlying fibrosis development. All these efforts led to the discovery of numerous agents with antifibrotic properties, with hepatic stellate cells and the extracellular matrix at the center of these pharmacotherapeutic strategies. This review focuses on the current data on numerous in vivo and in vitro models of liver fibrosis and on various pharmacotherapeutic targets in the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Omanovic Kolaric
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Lucija Kuna
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marina Covic
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Roguljic
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anita Matic
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pathophysiology and Physiology with Immunology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Renata Sikora
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marija Hefer
- Department of Physics, Biophysics, and Chemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ana Petrovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vjera Mihaljevic
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Robert Smolic
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ines Bilic-Curcic
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Vcev
- Department of Pathophysiology and Physiology with Immunology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Martina Smolic
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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7
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Nicholas SE, Choi AJ, Lam TN, Basu SK, Mandal N, Karamichos D. Potentiation of Sphingolipids and TGF-β in the human corneal stroma reveals intricate signaling pathway crosstalks. Exp Eye Res 2023; 231:109487. [PMID: 37084874 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Corneal haze brought on by fibrosis due to insult can lead to partial or complete vision loss. Currently, corneal transplantation is the gold standard for treating severe corneal fibrosis, which comes with the risk of rejection and the issue of donor tissue shortages. Sphingolipids (SPLs) are known to be associated with fibrosis in various tissues and organs, including the cornea. We previously reported that SPLs are tightly related to Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β) signaling and corneal fibrogenesis. This study aimed to elucidate the interplay of SPLs, specifically sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling, and its' interactions with TGF-β signaling through detailed analyses of the corresponding downstream signaling targets in the context of corneal fibrosis, in vitro. Healthy human corneal fibroblasts (HCFs) were isolated, plated on polycarbonate membranes, and stimulated with a stable Vitamin C derivative. The 3D constructs were treated with either 5 μM sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), 5 μM SPHK I2 (I2; inhibitor of sphingosine kinase 1, one of the two enzymes responsible for generating S1P in mammalian cells), 0.1 ng/mL TGF-β1, or 0.1 ng/mL TGF-β3. Cultures with control medium-only served as controls. All 3D constructs were examined for protein expression of fibrotic markers, SPLs, TGF-βs, and relevant downstream signaling pathways. This data revealed no significant changes in any LTBP (latent TGF-β binding proteins) expression when stimulated with S1P or I2. However, LTBP1 was significantly upregulated via stimulation of TGF-β1 and TGF-β3, whereas LTBP2 was significantly upregulated only with TGF-β3 stimulation. Significant downregulation of TGF-β receptor II (TGF-βRII) following S1P stimulation but significant upregulation following I2 stimulation was observed. Following TGF-β1, S1P, and I2 stimulation, phospho-SMAD2 (pSMAD2) was significantly downregulated. Furthermore, I2 stimulation led to significant downregulation of SMAD4. Adhesion/proliferation/transcription regulation targets, SRC, FAK, and pERK 1/2 were all significantly downregulated by exogenous S1P, whereas I2 only significantly downregulated FAK. Exogenous TGF-β3 caused significant upregulation of AKT. Interestingly, both I2 and TGF-β3 caused significant downregulation of JNK expression. Lastly, TGF-β1 led to significant upregulation of sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1PR3), whereas TGF-β3 caused significant upregulation of only SphK1. Together with previously published work from our group and others, S1P inhibition exhibits great potential as an efficacious anti-fibrotic modality in human corneal stromal ECM. The current findings shed further light on a very complex and rather incompletely investigated mechanism, and cement the intricate crosstalk between SPLs and TGF-β in corneal fibrogenesis. Future studies will dictate the potential of utilizing SPLs/TGF-β signaling modulators as novel therapeutics in corneal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Nicholas
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas HSC, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Alexander J Choi
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas HSC, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Thi N Lam
- Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Sandip K Basu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Nawajes Mandal
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee HSC, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Dimitrios Karamichos
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas HSC, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas HSC, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
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8
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Iwanaga T, Chiba T, Nakamura M, Kaneko T, Ao J, Qiang N, Ma Y, Zhang J, Kogure T, Yumita S, Ishino T, Ogawa K, Kan M, Nakagawa M, Fujiwara K, Fujita N, Sakuma T, Kanzaki H, Koroki K, Kusakabe Y, Inoue M, Kobayashi K, Kanogawa N, Kiyono S, Kondo T, Nakagawa R, Ogasawara S, Nakamoto S, Muroyama R, Kato J, Kanda T, Maruyama H, Mimura N, Honda T, Murayama T, Nakamura H, Kato N. Miglustat, a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor, mitigates liver fibrosis through TGF-β/Smad pathway suppression in hepatic stellate cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 642:192-200. [PMID: 36586187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, a condition characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as collagen in response to chronic inflammation. It has been reported that ceramide regulates collagen production through TGF-β/Smad pathway activation. In this study, we examined whether miglustat, an inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase, can suppress liver fibrosis by reducing TGF-β/Smad pathway activity. Human hepatic stellate cells (HHSteCs) were cultured with TGF-β and multiple miglustat concentrations to examine dose-dependent effects on the expression levels of ECM-related genes and Smad proteins. To evaluate the efficacy of miglustat for fibrosis mitigation, C57BL/6 mice were treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for 4 weeks to induce liver fibrosis, followed by combined CCl4 plus miglustat for a further 2 weeks. To examine if miglustat can also prevent fibrosis, mice were treated with CCl4 for 2 weeks, followed by CCl4 plus miglustat for 2 weeks. Miglustat dose-dependently downregulated expression of α-smooth muscle actin and ECM components in TGF-β-treated HHSteCs. Both phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad2 and Smad3 were also suppressed by miglustat treatment. Sirius-Red staining and hydroxyproline assays of model mouse liver samples revealed that miglustat reduced fibrosis, an effect accompanied by decreased expression of ECM. Our findings suggest that miglustat can both prevent and reverse liver fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-β/Smad pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terunao Iwanaga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Chiba
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Masato Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Junjie Ao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Na Qiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yaojia Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Kogure
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sae Yumita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takamasa Ishino
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keita Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Motoyasu Kan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Miyuki Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kisako Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoto Fujita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takafumi Sakuma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kanzaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keisuke Koroki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuko Kusakabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masanori Inoue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoya Kanogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kiyono
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kondo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sadahisa Ogasawara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Muroyama
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jun Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kanda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Maruyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Mimura
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuya Honda
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Murayama
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoya Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Liu JX, Liu M, Yu GZ, Zhao QQ, Wang JL, Sun YH, Koda S, Zhang B, Yu Q, Yan C, Tang RX, Jiang ZH, Zheng KY. Clonorchis sinensis infection induces hepatobiliary injury via disturbing sphingolipid metabolism and activating sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1011378. [PMID: 36339341 PMCID: PMC9627039 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1011378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) infection induces severe hepatobiliary injuries, which can cause inflammation, periductal fibrosis, and even cholangiocarcinoma. Sphingolipid metabolic pathways responsible for the generation of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and its receptor S1P receptors (S1PRs) have been implicated in many liver-related diseases. However, the role of S1PRs in C. sinensis-mediated biliary epithelial cells (BECs) proliferation and hepatobiliary injury has not been elucidated. In the present study, we found that C. sinensis infection resulted in alteration of bioactive lipids and sphingolipid metabolic pathways in mice liver. Furthermore, S1PR2 was predominantly activated among these S1PRs in BECs both in vivo and in vitro. Using JTE-013, a specific antagonist of S1PR2, we found that the hepatobiliary pathological injuries, inflammation, bile duct hyperplasia, and periductal fibrosis can be significantly inhibited in C. sinensis-infected mice. In addition, both C. sinensis excretory-secretory products (CsESPs)- and S1P-induced activation of AKT and ERK1/2 were inhibited by JTE-013 in BECs. Therefore, the sphingolipid metabolism pathway and S1PR2 play an important role, and may serve as potential therapeutic targets in hepatobiliary injury caused by C. sinensis-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Xin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Pathogen Biology, Qiqihaer Medical University, Qiqihaer, China
| | - Man Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Guo-Zhi Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qian-Qian Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ling Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yan-Hong Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Qiqihaer Medical University, Qiqihaer, China
| | - Stephane Koda
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ren-Xian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Jiang
- Institute of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Kui-Yang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Inhibition of SphK1/S1P Signaling Pathway Alleviates Fibrosis and Inflammation of Rat Myocardium after Myocardial Infarction. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5985375. [PMID: 35872958 PMCID: PMC9300330 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5985375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective The sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1)/sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling pathway is involved in fibrosis and inflammatory responses of myocardial tissue after myocardial infarction (MI). The purpose of our study was to explore the role of SphK1/S1P signaling pathway in myocardial injury after MI. Materials and Methods We used Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to make MI models and detected the changes of SphK1 and S1P in rats at 1, 7, and 14 days after MI. SphK1 inhibitor PF543 was used to treat MI rats, and we detected the changes in myocardial function and structure in rats by cardiac function test, 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium staining, and histological staining. In addition, we used H2O2 to induce H9c2 cell injury to investigate the effect of PF543 on the viability of myocardial cells. Results Myocardial tissue lesions and fibrosis were observed at 7 and 14 days after MI, and the expressions of SphK1 and S1P in the injured myocardial tissues increased significantly in day 7 and day 14 in comparison to the control group. After treatment of MI rats with PF543, the structure of rat myocardial tissue was significantly improved and the degree of fibrosis was reduced. After MI, the expression of α-SMA and collagen I in the myocardium of rats was significantly increased while PF543 decreased their expression. PF543 also improved the cardiac function of MI rats and reduced the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the serum. PF543 also increased the viability of H9c2 cells in vitro. Conclusions The inhibition of the SphK1/S1P signaling pathway contributed to the relief of myocardial injury in MI rats. PF543 improved the myocardial structure and function of MI rats and reduced the level of fibrosis and inflammation in MI rats.
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11
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Montefusco D, Jamil M, Maczis MA, Schroeder W, Levi M, Ranjit S, Allegood J, Bandyopadhyay D, Retnam R, Spiegel S, Cowart LA. Sphingosine Kinase 1 Mediates Sexual Dimorphism in Fibrosis in a Mouse Model of NASH. Mol Metab 2022; 62:101523. [PMID: 35671973 PMCID: PMC9194589 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Men with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are more likely to progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver fibrosis than women. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this dimorphism is unclear. We have previously shown that mice with global deletion of SphK1, the enzyme that produces the bioactive sphingolipid metabolite sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), were protected from development of NASH. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of hepatocyte-specific SphK1 in development of NASH and to compare its contribution to hepatosteatosis in male and female mice. RESULTS We generated hepatocyte-specific SphK1 knockout mice (SphK1-hKO). Unlike the global knockout, SphK1-hKO male mice were not protected from diet-induced steatosis, inflammation, or fibrogenesis. In contrast, female SphK1-hKO mice were protected from inflammation. Surprisingly, however, in these female mice, there was a ∼10-fold increase in the fibrosis markers Col1α1 and 2-3 fold induction of alpha smooth muscle actin and the pro-fibrotic chemokine CCL5. Because increased fibrosis in female SphK1-hKO mice occurred despite an attenuated inflammatory response, we investigated the crosstalk between hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells, central players in fibrosis. We found that estrogen stimulated release of S1P from female hepatocytes preventing TGFβ-induced expression of Col1α1 in HSCs via S1PR3. CONCLUSIONS The results revealed a novel pathway of estrogen-mediated cross-talk between hepatocytes and HSCs that may contribute to sex differences in NAFLD through an anti-fibrogenic function of the S1P/S1PR3 axis. This pathway is susceptible to pharmacologic manipulation, which may lead to novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Montefusco
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VA, USA.
| | - Maryam Jamil
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VA, USA
| | - Melissa A Maczis
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VA, USA
| | - William Schroeder
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VA, USA
| | - Moshe Levi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, USA
| | - Suman Ranjit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, USA
| | - Jeremy Allegood
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VA, USA
| | | | - Reuben Retnam
- Virginia Commonwealth University Department of Biostatistics, VA, USA
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VA, USA
| | - L Ashley Cowart
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VA, USA; Hunter Holmes McGuire VAMC, Richmond, VA, USA
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12
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Metabolic Reprogramming of Liver Fibrosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123604. [PMID: 34944111 PMCID: PMC8700241 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is an excessive and imbalanced deposition of fibrous extracellular matrix (ECM) that is associated with the hepatic wound-healing response. It is also the common mechanism that contributes to the impairment of the liver function that is observed in many chronic liver diseases (CLD). Despite the efforts, no effective therapy against fibrosis exists yet. Worryingly, due to the growing obesity pandemic, fibrosis incidence is on the rise. Here, we aim to summarize the main components and mechanisms involved in the progression of liver fibrosis, with special focus on the metabolic regulation of key effectors of fibrogenesis, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and their role in the disease progression. Hepatic cells that undergo metabolic reprogramming require a tightly controlled, fine-tuned cellular response, allowing them to meet their energetic demands without affecting cellular integrity. Here, we aim to discuss the role of ribonucleic acid (RNA)-binding proteins (RBPs), whose dynamic nature being context- and stimuli-dependent make them very suitable for the fibrotic situation. Thus, we will not only summarize the up-to-date literature on the metabolic regulation of HSCs in liver fibrosis, but also on the RBP-dependent post-transcriptional regulation of this metabolic switch that results in such important consequences for the progression of fibrosis and CLD.
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13
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Sadgrove NJ, Oblong JE, Simmonds MSJ. Inspired by vitamin A for anti‐ageing: Searching for plant‐derived functional retinoid analogues. SKIN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2021; 1:e36. [PMID: 35663133 PMCID: PMC9060083 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. J. Sadgrove
- Jodrell Science Laboratory Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Richmond UK
| | - J. E. Oblong
- Mason Business Center The Procter & Gamble Company Mason Ohio USA
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Jiménez-Uribe AP, Gómez-Sierra T, Aparicio-Trejo OE, Orozco-Ibarra M, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Backstage players of fibrosis: NOX4, mTOR, HDAC, and S1P; companions of TGF-β. Cell Signal 2021; 87:110123. [PMID: 34438016 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The fibrotic process could be easily defined as a pathological excess of extracellular matrix deposition, leading to disruption of tissue architecture and eventually loss of function; however, this process involves a complex network of several signal transduction pathways. Virtually almost all organs could be affected by fibrosis, the most affected are the liver, lung, skin, kidney, heart, and eyes; in all of them, the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) has a central role. The canonical and non-canonical signal pathways of TGF-β impact the fibrotic process at the cellular and molecular levels, inducing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the induction of profibrotic gene expression with the consequent increase in proteins such as alpha-smooth actin (α-SMA), fibronectin, collagen, and other extracellular matrix proteins. Recently, it has been reported that some molecules that have not been typically associated with the fibrotic process, such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 4 (NOX4), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), histone deacetylases (HDAC), and sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P); are critical in its development. In this review, we describe and discuss the role of these new players of fibrosis and the convergence with TGF-β signaling pathways, unveiling new insights into the panorama of fibrosis that could be useful for future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tania Gómez-Sierra
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX 04510, Mexico
| | - Omar Emiliano Aparicio-Trejo
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Marisol Orozco-Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Manuel Velasco Suárez, Av. Insurgentes Sur # 3877, La Fama, Alcaldía Tlalpan, CP 14269 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX 04510, Mexico.
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15
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Mechanisms of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling on excessive stress-induced root resorption during orthodontic molar intrusion. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:1003-1016. [PMID: 34363103 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04084-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate cementocyte mechanotransduction during excessive orthodontic intrusive force-induced root resorption and the role of S1P signaling in this process. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-four 12-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group (Control), intrusive stress application group (Stress), and intrusive stress together with S1PR2-specific antagonist injection group (Stress + JTE). A rat molar intrusion model was established on animals in the Stress and the Stress + JTE groups. The animals in the Stress + JTE group received daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of S1PR2 antagonist JTE-013, while the Control and Stress groups received only the vehicle. Histomorphometric, immunohistochemical, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analyses were performed after euthanizing of the rats. RESULTS Root resorption was promoted in the Stress group with increased volumes of resorption pits and amounts of molar intrusion compared with the Control group. The expression levels of cementogenic- and cementoclastic-related factors were affected under excessive intrusive force. Immunohistochemical staining and qRT-PCR analysis showed promoted S1P signaling activities during molar intrusion. Western blot analysis indicated decreased nuclear translocation of β-catenin under excessive intrusive force. Through the administration of JTE-013, S1P signaling activity was suppressed and excessive intrusive force-induced root resorption was reversed. The regulation of S1P signaling could also influence the nuclear translocation of β-catenin and the expressions of cementogenic- and cementoclastic-related factors. CONCLUSIONS Root resorption was promoted under excessive orthodontic intrusive force due to the disruption of cementum homeostasis. S1P signaling pathway might play an important role in cementocyte mechanotransduction in this process. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The S1P signaling might be a promising therapeutic target for novel therapeutic approaches to prevent external root resorption caused by excessive orthodontic intrusive force.
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16
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Pitman M, Oehler MK, Pitson SM. Sphingolipids as multifaceted mediators in ovarian cancer. Cell Signal 2021; 81:109949. [PMID: 33571664 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.109949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynaecological malignancy. It is commonly diagnosed at advanced stage when it has metastasised to the abdominal cavity and treatment becomes very challenging. While current standard therapy involving debulking surgery and platinum + taxane-based chemotherapy is associated with high response rates initially, the large majority of patients relapse and ultimately succumb to chemotherapy-resistant disease. In order to improve survival novel strategies for early detection and therapeutics against treatment-refractory disease are urgently needed. A promising new target against ovarian cancer is the sphingolipid pathway which is commonly hijacked in cancer to support cell proliferation and survival and has been shown to promote chemoresistance and metastasis in a wide range of malignant neoplasms. In particular, the sphingosine kinase 1-sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 axis has been shown to be altered in ovarian cancer in multiple ways and therefore represents an attractive therapeutic target. Here we review the roles of sphingolipids in ovarian cancer progression, metastasis and chemoresistance, highlighting novel strategies to target this pathway that represent potential avenues to improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- MelissaR Pitman
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, UniSA CRI Building, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Martin K Oehler
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stuart M Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, UniSA CRI Building, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
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17
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Donati C, Cencetti F, Bernacchioni C, Vannuzzi V, Bruni P. Role of sphingosine 1-phosphate signalling in tissue fibrosis. Cell Signal 2020; 78:109861. [PMID: 33253915 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components, leading to loss of tissue function in affected organs. Although the majority of fibrotic diseases have different origins, they have in common a persistent inflammatory stimulus and lymphocyte-monocyte interactions that determine the production of numerous fibrogenic cytokines. Treatment to contrast fibrosis is urgently needed, since some fibrotic diseases lead to systemic fibrosis and represent a major cause of death. In this article, the role of the bioactive sphingolipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and its signalling pathway in the fibrosis of different tissue contexts is extensively reviewed, highlighting that it may represent an innovative and promising pharmacological therapeutic target for treating this devastating multifaceted disease. In multiple tissues S1P influences different aspects of fibrosis modulating the recruitment of inflammatory cells, as well as cell proliferation, migration and transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts, the cell type mainly involved in fibrosis development. Moreover, at the level of fibrotic lesions, S1P metabolism is profoundly influenced by multiple cross-talk with profibrotic mediators, such as transforming growth factor β, thus finely regulating the development of fibrosis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Physiological and pathological roles of bioactive sphingolipids".
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Donati
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "M. Serio", University of Florence, viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Francesca Cencetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "M. Serio", University of Florence, viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Caterina Bernacchioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "M. Serio", University of Florence, viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Vannuzzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "M. Serio", University of Florence, viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Bruni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "M. Serio", University of Florence, viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
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18
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Chen Z, Hu M. The apoM-S1P axis in hepatic diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 511:235-242. [PMID: 33096030 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver dysfunction is always accompanied by lipid metabolism dysfunction. Apolipoprotein M (apoM), a member of the apolipoprotein family, is primarily expressed and secreted from the liver. apoM is the main chaperone of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a small signalling molecule associated with numerous physiologic and pathophysiologic processes. In addition to transport, apoM also influences the biologic effects of S1P. Most recently, numerous studies have investigated the potential role of the apoM-S1P axis in a variety of hepatic diseases. These include liver fibrosis, viral hepatitis B and C infection, hepatobiliary disease, non-alcoholic and alcoholic steatohepatitis, acute liver injury and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, the roles of apoM and S1P in the development of hepatic diseases are summarized, and novel insights into the diagnosis and treatment of hepatic diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, PR China.
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19
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Yu J, Dong J, Chen K, Ding Y, Yang Z, Lan T. Generation of mice with hepatocyte-specific conditional deletion of sphingosine kinase 1. Transgenic Res 2020; 29:419-428. [PMID: 32696422 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-020-00211-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SphK1 gene has different roles in various types of cells in liver diseases, but most studies are based on global knockout mice, which hampers the study on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of SphK1. In order to further study the role of SphK1 in liver, SphK1 conditional knockout mice were constructed. A liver-specific SphK1 gene knockout mouse model was constructed by the Cre/Loxp recombinant enzyme system. PCR technologies and western blotting were used to identified the elimination of SphK1 gene in hepatocytes. SphK1flox/flox mice were used as a control group to verify the effectiveness of SphK1 liver-specific knockout mice from the profile, pathology, and serology of mice. The ablation of SphK1 in hepatic parenchymal cells was demonstrated by fluorescent in situ hybridization and the contents of S1P and Sph were measured by ELISA kit. The genotypes of liver in SphK1 conditional knockout mice were different from that of other organs. The mRNA and protein levels of SphK1 in liver tissue of SphK1 conditional knockout mice were almost depleted by compared with SphK1flox/flox mice. Physiology and pathology showed no significant difference between SphK1 liver conditional knockout mice and SphK1flox/flox mice. Additionally, SphK1 was eliminated in hepatocytes, leading to the reduce of S1P content in hepatocytes and liver tissues and the increase of Sph content in hepatocytes. The model of SphK1 gene liver conditional knockout mice was successfully constructed, providing a tool for the study of the roles of SphK1 in hepatocyte and liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiale Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kangdi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yaping Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhicheng Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tian Lan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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20
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Park WJ, Song JH, Kim GT, Park TS. Ceramide and Sphingosine 1-Phosphate in Liver Diseases. Mol Cells 2020; 43:419-430. [PMID: 32392908 PMCID: PMC7264474 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is an important organ in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. It is responsible for systemic energy homeostasis. When energy need exceeds the storage capacity in the liver, fatty acids are shunted into nonoxidative sphingolipid biosynthesis, which increases the level of cellular ceramides. Accumulation of ceramides alters substrate utilization from glucose to lipids, activates triglyceride storage, and results in the development of both insulin resistance and hepatosteatosis, increasing the likelihood of major metabolic diseases. Another sphingolipid metabolite, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive signaling molecule that acts via S1P-specific G protein coupled receptors. It regulates many cellular and physiological events. Since an increase in plasma S1P is associated with obesity, it seems reasonable that recent studies have provided evidence that S1P is linked to lipid pathophysiology, including hepatosteatosis and fibrosis. Herein, we review recent findings on ceramides and S1P in obesity-mediated liver diseases and the therapeutic potential of these sphingolipid metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jae Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 2999, Korea
| | - Jae-Hwi Song
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 1310, Korea
| | - Goon-Tae Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 1310, Korea
| | - Tae-Sik Park
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 1310, Korea
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Ishay Y, Nachman D, Khoury T, Ilan Y. The role of the sphingolipid pathway in liver fibrosis: an emerging new potential target for novel therapies. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C1055-C1064. [PMID: 32130072 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00003.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SL) are a family of bioactive lipids and a major cellular membrane structural component. SLs include three main compounds: ceramide (Cer), sphingosine (Sp), and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S-1P), all of which have emerging roles in biological functions in cells, especially in the liver. They are under investigation in various liver diseases, including cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. In this review, we provide an overview on the role of SLs in liver pathobiology and focus on their potential role in the development of hepatic fibrosis. We describe recent evidence and suggest SLs are a promising potential therapeutic target for the treatment of liver disease and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Ishay
- Department of Internal Medicine A, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dean Nachman
- Department of Internal Medicine A, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tawfik Khoury
- Gastroenterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Gastroenterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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22
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Jung SH, Song YK, Chung H, Ko HM, Lee SH, Jo DI, Kim B, Lee DH, Kim SH. Association between sphingosine-1-phosphate-induced signal transduction via mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways and keloid formation. Arch Dermatol Res 2019; 311:711-719. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-019-01961-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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23
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Wang E, He X, Zeng M. The Role of S1P and the Related Signaling Pathway in the Development of Tissue Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1504. [PMID: 30687087 PMCID: PMC6338044 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue fibrosis, including pulmonary fibrosis, hepatic fibrosis, and cardiac fibrosis, is an important stage in the development of many diseases. It can lead to structural damage and dysfunction and even severe carcinogenesis or death. There is currently no effective method for the treatment of fibrosis. At present, the molecular mechanism of tissue fibrosis has not yet been fully elucidated, but many studies have demonstrated that it is involved in conveying the complex messages between fibroblasts and various cytokines. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a naturally bioactive sphingolipid. S1P and the related signaling pathways are important intracellular metabolic pathways involved in many life activities, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and cellular signal transduction. Increasing evidence suggests that S1P and its signaling pathways play an important role in the development of tissue fibrosis; however, the mechanisms of these effects have not yet been fully elucidated, and even the role of S1P and its signaling pathways are still controversial. This article focuses on the role of S1P and the related signaling pathways in the development of fibrosis of lung, liver, heart, and other tissues, with emphasis on the application of inhibitors of some of molecules in the pathway in clinical treatment of fibrosis diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erjin Wang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xingxuan He
- Department of Human Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ming Zeng
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Nikolova-Karakashian M. Alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Focus on ceramide. Adv Biol Regul 2018; 70:40-50. [PMID: 30455063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are class of metabolically distinct lipids that play structural and signaling functions in all organisms. Sphingolipid metabolism is deregulated during various diseases such as cancer, neurological and immune disorders, and metabolic syndrome. With the advancement of sphingo-lipidomics and sphingo-genomics, an understanding of the specific roles of ceramide, the quintessential bioactive sphingolipid, in fatty liver disease has taken shape. Two major pathways for ceramide generation, the de novo pathway and the sphingomyelinase pathway are activated in the course of both, the non-alcoholic and the alcoholic, forms of fatty liver disease. The mechanisms of activation of these two pathways are distinct and reflect the different disease etiology in each case; at the same time, common processes impacted by the resulting ceramide overproduction involve lipotoxocity, ER/mitochondrial stress, inflammation, and de-regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism. Studies in human patients and animal models have delineated specific enzymes and ceramide species that are involved at the different stages of the disease, and represent novel pharmaceutical targets for successful management of fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Nikolova-Karakashian
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 800 Rose Str., MS 508, Lexington, KY, 40536, United States.
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25
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Lan T, Li C, Yang G, Sun Y, Zhuang L, Ou Y, Li H, Wang G, Kisseleva T, Brenner D, Guo J. Sphingosine kinase 1 promotes liver fibrosis by preventing miR-19b-3p-mediated inhibition of CCR2. Hepatology 2018; 68:1070-1086. [PMID: 29572892 PMCID: PMC6174945 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Chronic liver disease mediated by activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and Kupffer cells (KCs) leads to liver fibrosis. Here, we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism and define the cell type involved in mediating the sphingosine kinase (SphK)1-dependent effect on liver fibrosis. The levels of expression and activity of SphK1 were significantly increased in fibrotic livers compared with the normal livers in human. SphK1 was coexpressed with a range of HSC/KC markers including desmin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and F4/80 in fibrotic liver. Deficiency of SphK1 (SphK1-/- ) resulted in a marked amelioration of hepatic injury, including transaminase activities, histology, collagen deposition, α-SMA and inflammation, in CCl4 or bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced mice. Likewise, treatment with a specific inhibitor of SphK1, 5C, also significantly prevented liver injury and fibrosis in mice induced by CCl4 or BDL. In cellular levels, inhibition of SphK1 significantly blocked the activation and migration of HSCs and KCs. Moreover, SphK1 knockout in KCs reduced the secretion of CCL2, and SphK1 knockout in HSCs reduced C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 ([CCR2] CCL2 receptor) expression in HSCs. CCL2 in SphK1-/- mice was lower whereas microRNA-19b-3p in SphK1-/- mice was higher compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Furthermore, microRNA-19b-3p downregulated CCR2 in HSCs. The functional effect of SphK1 in HSCs on liver fibrosis was further strengthened by the results of animal experiments using a bone marrow transplantation (BMT) method. CONCLUSION SphK1 has distinct roles in the activation of KCs and HSCs in liver fibrosis. Mechanistically, SphK1 in KCs mediates CCL2 secretion, and SphK1 in HSCs upregulates CCR2 by downregulation of miR-19b-3p. (Hepatology 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Lan
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina,Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangzhouChina,Joint Laboratory of GuangdongHong Kong and Macao on Glycolipid Metabolic DiseasesGuangzhouChina
| | | | - Guizhi Yang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yue Sun
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina,Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangzhouChina,Joint Laboratory of GuangdongHong Kong and Macao on Glycolipid Metabolic DiseasesGuangzhouChina
| | - Lihang Zhuang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina,Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangzhouChina,Joint Laboratory of GuangdongHong Kong and Macao on Glycolipid Metabolic DiseasesGuangzhouChina
| | - Yitao Ou
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Genshu Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | | | - David Brenner
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina,Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangzhouChina,Joint Laboratory of GuangdongHong Kong and Macao on Glycolipid Metabolic DiseasesGuangzhouChina
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Musso G, Cassader M, Paschetta E, Gambino R. Bioactive Lipid Species and Metabolic Pathways in Progression and Resolution of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:282-302.e8. [PMID: 29906416 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is increasing worldwide, yet there are no effective treatments. A decade has passed since the initial lipidomics analyses of liver tissues from patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. We have learned that liver cells from patients with NASH have an abnormal lipid composition and that the accumulation of lipids leads to organelle dysfunction, cell injury and death, and chronic inflammation, called lipotoxicity. We review the lipid species and metabolic pathways that contribute to the pathogenesis of NASH and potential therapeutic targets, including enzymes involved in fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis, bioactive sphingolipids and polyunsaturated-derived eicosanoids, and specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators. We discuss the concept that NASH is a disease that can resolve and the roles of lipid molecules in the resolution of inflammation and regression of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maurizio Cassader
- Department of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Gambino
- Department of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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27
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Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a group of liver disorders encompassing simple hepatic steatosis and its more aggressive forms of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. It is a rapidly growing health concern and the major cause for the increasing incidence of primary liver tumors. Unequivocal evidence shows that sphingolipid metabolism is altered in the course of the disease and these changes might contribute to NAFLD progression. Recent data provide solid support to the notion that deregulated ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate metabolism are present at all stages of NAFLD, i.e., steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, advanced fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Insulin sensitivity, de novo lipogenesis, and the resulting lipotoxicity, fibrosis, and angiogenesis are all seemingly regulated in a manner that involves either ceramide and/or sphingosine-1-phosphate. Sphingolipids might also participate in the onset of hepatocellular senescence. The latter has been shown to contribute to the advancement of cirrhosis to HCC in the classical cases of end-stage liver disease, i.e., viral- or alcohol-induced; however, emerging evidence suggests that senescence is also involved in the pathogenicity of NAFLD possibly via changes in ceramide metabolism.
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Signaling Crosstalk of TGF-β/ALK5 and PAR2/PAR1: A Complex Regulatory Network Controlling Fibrosis and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061568. [PMID: 29795022 PMCID: PMC6032192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both signaling by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and agonists of the G Protein-coupled receptors proteinase-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) and -2 (PAR2) have been linked to tissue fibrosis and cancer. Intriguingly, TGF-β and PAR signaling either converge on the regulation of certain matrix genes overexpressed in these pathologies or display mutual regulation of their signaling components, which is mediated in part through sphingosine kinases and sphingosine-1-phosphate and indicative of an intimate signaling crosstalk between the two pathways. In the first part of this review, we summarize the various regulatory interactions that have been discovered so far according to the organ/tissue in which they were described. In the second part, we highlight the types of signaling crosstalk between TGF-β on the one hand and PAR2/PAR1 on the other hand. Both ligand–receptor systems interact at various levels and by several mechanisms including mutual regulation of ligand–ligand, ligand–receptor, and receptor–receptor at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and receptor transactivation levels. These mutual interactions between PAR2/PAR1 and TGF-β signaling components eventually result in feed-forward loops/vicious cycles of matrix deposition and malignant traits that exacerbate fibrosis and oncogenesis, respectively. Given the crucial role of PAR2 and PAR1 in controlling TGF-β receptor activation, signaling, TGF-β synthesis and bioactivation, combining PAR inhibitors with TGF-β blocking agents may turn out to be more efficient than targeting TGF-β alone in alleviating unwanted TGF-β-dependent responses but retaining the beneficial ones.
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29
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Kleuser B. Divergent Role of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate in Liver Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030722. [PMID: 29510489 PMCID: PMC5877583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Two decades ago, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) was discovered as a novel bioactive molecule that regulates a variety of cellular functions. The plethora of S1P-mediated effects is due to the fact that the sphingolipid not only modulates intracellular functions but also acts as a ligand of G protein-coupled receptors after secretion into the extracellular environment. In the plasma, S1P is found in high concentrations, modulating immune cell trafficking and vascular endothelial integrity. The liver is engaged in modulating the plasma S1P content, as it produces apolipoprotein M, which is a chaperone for the S1P transport. Moreover, the liver plays a substantial role in glucose and lipid homeostasis. A dysfunction of glucose and lipid metabolism is connected with the development of liver diseases such as hepatic insulin resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, or liver fibrosis. Recent studies indicate that S1P is involved in liver pathophysiology and contributes to the development of liver diseases. In this review, the current state of knowledge about S1P and its signaling in the liver is summarized with a specific focus on the dysregulation of S1P signaling in obesity-mediated liver diseases. Thus, the modulation of S1P signaling can be considered as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of hepatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Kleuser
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
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30
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Peretinoin, an Acyclic Retinoid, Inhibits Hepatitis B Virus Replication by Suppressing Sphingosine Metabolic Pathway In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020108. [PMID: 29360739 PMCID: PMC5855541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) frequently develops from hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We previously reported that peretinoin, an acyclic retinoid, inhibits HCV replication. This study aimed to examine the influence of peretinoin on the HBV lifecycle. HBV-DNA and covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) were evaluated by a qPCR method in HepG2.2.15 cells. Peretinoin significantly reduced the levels of intracellular HBV-DNA, nuclear cccDNA, and HBV transcript at a concentration that did not induce cytotoxicity. Conversely, other retinoids, such as 9-cis, 13-cis retinoic acid (RA), and all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), had no effect or rather increased HBV replication. Mechanistically, although peretinoin increased the expression of HBV-related transcription factors, as observed for other retinoids, peretinoin enhanced the binding of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) to cccDNA in the nucleus and negatively regulated HBV transcription. Moreover, peretinoin significantly inhibited the expression of SPHK1, a potential inhibitor of HDAC activity, and might be involved in hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, and HCC. SPHK1 overexpression in cells cancelled the inhibition of HBV replication induced by peretinoin. This indicates that peretinoin activates HDAC1 and thereby suppresses HBV replication by inhibiting the sphingosine metabolic pathway. Therefore, peretinoin may be a novel therapeutic agent for HBV replication and chemoprevention against HCC.
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31
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González-Fernández B, Sánchez DI, González-Gallego J, Tuñón MJ. Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Signaling as a Target in Hepatic Fibrosis Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:579. [PMID: 28890699 PMCID: PMC5574909 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is an excess production of extracellular matrix proteins as a result of chronic liver disease which leads to cell death and organ dysfunction. The key cells involved in fibrogenesis are resident hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) which are termed myofibroblasts after activation, acquiring contractile, proliferative, migratory and secretory capability. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid with well-established effects on angiogenesis, carcinogenesis and immunity. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that this metabolite is involved in the profibrotic inflammatory process through the regulation of pleiotropic cell responses, such as vascular permeability, leukocyte infiltration, cell survival, migration, proliferation and HSCs differentiation to myofibroblasts. S1P is synthesized by sphingosine kinases (SphKs) and many of its actions are mediated by S1P specific cell surface receptors (S1P1-5), although different intracellular targets of S1P have been identified. Modulation of SphKs/S1P/S1P receptors signaling is known to result in beneficial effects on various in vivo and in vitro models of liver fibrosis. Thus, a better knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in the modulation of the S1P pathway could help to improve liver fibrosis therapy. In this review, we analyze the effects of the S1P axis on the fibrogenic process, and the involvement of a range of inhibitors or approaches targeting enzymes related to S1P in the abrogation of pathological fibrogenesis. All in all, targeting this pathway offers therapeutic potential in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Javier González-Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of LeónLeón, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)León, Spain
| | - María J Tuñón
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of LeónLeón, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)León, Spain
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32
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Sphingosine kinase 1/sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)/S1P receptor axis is involved in ovarian cancer angiogenesis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:74947-74961. [PMID: 29088837 PMCID: PMC5650392 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase (SphK)/sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)/S1P receptor (S1PR) signaling pathway has been implicated in a variety of pathological processes of ovarian cancer. However, the function of this axis in ovarian cancer angiogenesis remains incompletely defined. Here we provided the first evidence that SphK1/S1P/S1PR1/3 pathway played key roles in ovarian cancer angiogenesis. The expression level of SphK1, but not SphK2, was closely correlated with the microvascular density (MVD) of ovarian cancer tissue. In vitro, the angiogenic potential and angiogenic factor secretion of ovarian cancer cells could be attenuated by SphK1, but not SphK2, blockage and were restored by the addition of S1P. Moreover, in these cells, we found S1P stimulation induced the angiogenic factor secretion via S1PR1 and S1PR3, but not S1PR2. Furthermore, inhibition of S1PR1/3, but not S1PR2, attenuated the angiogenic potential and angiogenic factor secretion of the cells. in vivo, blockage of SphK or S1PR1/3 could attenuate ovarian cancer angiogenesis and inhibit angiogenic factor expression in mouse models. Collectively, the current study showed a novel role of SphK1/S1P/S1PR1/3 axis within the ovarian cancer, suggesting a new target to block ovarian cancer angiogenesis.
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33
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Rohrbach T, Maceyka M, Spiegel S. Sphingosine kinase and sphingosine-1-phosphate in liver pathobiology. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 52:543-553. [PMID: 28618839 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2017.1337706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over 20 years ago, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) was discovered to be a bioactive signaling molecule. Subsequent studies later identified two related kinases, sphingosine kinase 1 and 2, which are responsible for the phosphorylation of sphingosine to S1P. Many stimuli increase sphingosine kinase activity and S1P production and secretion. Outside the cell, S1P can bind to and activate five S1P-specific G protein-coupled receptors (S1PR1-5) to regulate many important cellular and physiological processes in an autocrine or paracrine manner. S1P is found in high concentrations in the blood where it functions to control vascular integrity and trafficking of lymphocytes. Obesity increases blood S1P levels in humans and mice. With the world wide increase in obesity linked to consumption of high-fat, high-sugar diets, S1P is emerging as an accomplice in liver pathobiology, including acute liver failure, metabolic syndrome, control of blood lipid and glucose homeostasis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and liver fibrosis. Here, we review recent research on the importance of sphingosine kinases, S1P, and S1PRs in liver pathobiology, with a focus on exciting insights for new therapeutic modalities that target S1P signaling axes for a variety of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Rohrbach
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Massey Cancer Center , VCU School of Medicine , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Michael Maceyka
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Massey Cancer Center , VCU School of Medicine , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Massey Cancer Center , VCU School of Medicine , Richmond , VA , USA
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34
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Chen JY, Newcomb B, Zhou C, Pondick JV, Ghoshal S, York SR, Motola DL, Coant N, Yi JK, Mao C, Tanabe KK, Bronova I, Berdyshev EV, Fuchs BC, Hannun Y, Chung RT, Mullen AC. Tricyclic Antidepressants Promote Ceramide Accumulation to Regulate Collagen Production in Human Hepatic Stellate Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44867. [PMID: 28322247 PMCID: PMC5359599 DOI: 10.1038/srep44867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in response to injury is a key step in hepatic fibrosis, and is characterized by trans-differentiation of quiescent HSCs to HSC myofibroblasts, which secrete extracellular matrix proteins responsible for the fibrotic scar. There are currently no therapies to directly inhibit hepatic fibrosis. We developed a small molecule screen to identify compounds that inactivate human HSC myofibroblasts through the quantification of lipid droplets. We screened 1600 compounds and identified 21 small molecules that induce HSC inactivation. Four hits were tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), and they repressed expression of pro-fibrotic factors Alpha-Actin-2 (ACTA2) and Alpha-1 Type I Collagen (COL1A1) in HSCs. RNA sequencing implicated the sphingolipid pathway as a target of the TCAs. Indeed, TCA treatment of HSCs promoted accumulation of ceramide through inhibition of acid ceramidase (aCDase). Depletion of aCDase also promoted accumulation of ceramide and was associated with reduced COL1A1 expression. Treatment with B13, an inhibitor of aCDase, reproduced the antifibrotic phenotype as did the addition of exogenous ceramide. Our results show that detection of lipid droplets provides a robust readout to screen for regulators of hepatic fibrosis and have identified a novel antifibrotic role for ceramide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Y Chen
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Benjamin Newcomb
- Health Science Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Chan Zhou
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Joshua V Pondick
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Sarani Ghoshal
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Samuel R York
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Daniel L Motola
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Nicolas Coant
- Health Science Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Jae Kyo Yi
- Health Science Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Cungui Mao
- Health Science Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Kenneth K Tanabe
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | | | | | - Bryan C Fuchs
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Yusuf Hannun
- Health Science Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Raymond T Chung
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Alan C Mullen
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
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35
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Crespo I, San-Miguel B, Sánchez DI, González-Fernández B, Álvarez M, González-Gallego J, Tuñón MJ. Melatonin inhibits the sphingosine kinase 1/sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling pathway in rabbits with fulminant hepatitis of viral origin. J Pineal Res 2016; 61:168-76. [PMID: 27101794 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The sphingosine kinase (SphK)1/sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) pathway is involved in multiple biological processes, including liver diseases. This study investigate whether modulation of the SphK1/S1P system associates to the beneficial effects of melatonin in an animal model of acute liver failure (ALF) induced by the rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV). Rabbits were experimentally infected with 2 × 10(4) hemagglutination units of a RHDV isolate and received 20 mg/kg of melatonin at 0, 12, and 24 hr postinfection. Liver mRNA levels, protein concentration, and immunohistochemical labeling for SphK1 increased in RHDV-infected rabbits. S1P production and protein expression of the S1PR1 receptor were significantly elevated following RHDV infection. These effects were significantly reduced by melatonin. Rabbits also exhibited increased expression of toll-like receptor (TLR)4, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p50 and p65 subunits, and phosphorylated inhibitor of kappa B (IκB)α. Melatonin administration significantly inhibited those changes and induced a decreased immunoreactivity for RHDV viral VP60 antigen in the liver. Results obtained indicate that the SphK1/S1P system activates in parallel to viral replication and the inflammatory process induced by the virus. Inhibition of the lipid signaling pathway by the indole reveals novel molecular pathways that may account for the protective effect of melatonin in this animal model of ALF, and supports the potential of melatonin as an antiviral agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Crespo
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), León, Spain
| | - Beatriz San-Miguel
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), León, Spain
| | - Diana I Sánchez
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | | | | | - Javier González-Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), León, Spain
| | - María J Tuñón
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), León, Spain
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Sato M, Ikeda H, Uranbileg B, Kurano M, Saigusa D, Aoki J, Maki H, Kudo H, Hasegawa K, Kokudo N, Yatomi Y. Sphingosine kinase-1, S1P transporter spinster homolog 2 and S1P2 mRNA expressions are increased in liver with advanced fibrosis in human. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32119. [PMID: 27562371 PMCID: PMC4999825 DOI: 10.1038/srep32119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) in liver fibrosis or inflammation was not fully examined in human. Controversy exists which S1P receptors, S1P1 and S1P3 vs S1P2, would be importantly involved in its mechanism. To clarify these matters, 80 patients who received liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma and 9 patients for metastatic liver tumor were enrolled. S1P metabolism was analyzed in background, non-tumorous liver tissue. mRNA levels of sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) but not SK2 were increased in livers with fibrosis stages 3-4 compared to those with 0-2 and to normal liver. However, S1P was not increased in advanced fibrotic liver, where mRNA levels of S1P transporter spinster homolog 2 (SPNS2) but not S1P-degrading enzymes were enhanced. Furthermore, mRNA levels of S1P2 but not S1P1 or S1P3 were increased in advanced fibrotic liver. These increased mRNA levels of SK1, SPNS2 and S1P2 in fibrotic liver were correlated with α-smooth muscle actin mRNA levels in liver, and with serum ALT levels. In conclusion, S1P may be actively generated, transported to outside the cells, and bind to its specific receptor in human liver to play a role in fibrosis or inflammation. Altered S1P metabolism in fibrotic liver may be their therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Sato
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ikeda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Japan.,CREST, JST, Japan
| | - Baasanjav Uranbileg
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Makoto Kurano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Japan.,CREST, JST, Japan
| | - Daisuke Saigusa
- CREST, JST, Japan.,Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, 2-1 Seiryo machi, Aobaku Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- CREST, JST, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Ara-makiazaaoba, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Harufumi Maki
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kudo
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hasegawa
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiro Kokudo
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Japan.,CREST, JST, Japan
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37
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Whetton AD, Azmi NC, Pearson S, Jaworska E, Zhang L, Blance R, Kendall AC, Nicolaou A, Taylor S, Williamson AJ, Pierce A. MPL W515L expression induces TGFβ secretion and leads to an increase in chemokinesis via phosphorylation of THOC5. Oncotarget 2016; 7:10739-55. [PMID: 26919114 PMCID: PMC4905435 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The thrombopoietin receptor (MPL) has been shown to be mutated (MPL W515L) in myelofibrosis and thrombocytosis yet new approaches to treat this disorder are still required. We have previously shown that transcriptome and proteomic effects do not correlate well in oncogene-mediated leukemogenesis. We therefore investigated the effects of MPL W515L using proteomics. The consequences of MPL W515L expression on over 3300 nuclear and 3500 cytoplasmic proteins were assessed using relative quantification mass spectrometry. We demonstrate that MPL W515L expression markedly modulates the CXCL12/CXCR4/CD45 pathway associated with stem and progenitor cell chemotactic movement. We also demonstrated that MPL W515L expressing cells displayed increased chemokinesis which required the MPL W515L-mediated dysregulation of MYC expression via phosphorylation of the RNA transport protein THOC5 on tyrosine 225. In addition MPL W515L expression induced TGFβ secretion which is linked to sphingosine 1-phosphate production and the increased chemokinesis. These studies identify several pathways which offer potential targets for therapeutic intervention in the treatment of MPL W515L-driven malignancy. We validate our approach by showing that CD34+ cells from MPL W515L positive patients display increased chemokinesis and that treatment with a combination of MYC and sphingosine kinase inhibitors leads to the preferential killing of MPL W515L expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D. Whetton
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Norhaida Che Azmi
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stella Pearson
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ewa Jaworska
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rognvald Blance
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alexandra C. Kendall
- Manchester Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anna Nicolaou
- Manchester Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Samuel Taylor
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew J.K. Williamson
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew Pierce
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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38
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Essential Roles of RNA-binding Protein HuR in Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells Induced by Transforming Growth Factor-β1. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22141. [PMID: 26912347 PMCID: PMC4766441 DOI: 10.1038/srep22141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding protein HuR mediates transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced profibrogenic actions. Up-regulation of Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) is involved in TGF-β1-induced activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in liver fibrogenesis. However, the molecular mechanism of TGF-β1 regulates SphK1 remains unclear. This study was designed to investigate the role of HuR in TGF-β1-induced SphK1 expression and identify a new molecular mechanism in liver fibrogenensis. In vivo, HuR expression was increased, translocated to cytoplasm, and bound to SphK1 mRNA in carbon tetrachloride- and bile duct ligation-induced mouse fibrotic liver. HuR mRNA expression had a positive correlation with mRNA expressions of SphK1 and fibrotic markers, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and Collagen α1(I), respectively. In vitro, up-regulation of SphK1 and activation of HSCs stimulated by TGF-β1 depended on HuR cytoplasmic accumulation. The effects of TGF-β1 were diminished when HuR was silenced or HuR cytoplasmic translocation was blocked. Meanwhile, overexpression of HuR mimicked the effects of TGF-β1. Furthermore, TGF-β1 prolonged half-life of SphK1 mRNA by promoting its binding to HuR. Pharmacological or siRNA-induced SphK1 inhibition abrogated HuR-mediated HSC activation. In conclusion, our data suggested that HuR bound to SphK1 mRNA and played a crucial role in TGF-β1-induced HSC activation.
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