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Zhang Z, Lin F, Wu W, Jiang J, Zhang C, Qin D, Xu Z. Exosomal microRNAs in lung cancer: a narrative review. Transl Cancer Res 2024; 13:3090-3105. [PMID: 38988916 PMCID: PMC11231775 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-23-2319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objective Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, which can release bioactive macromolecules, such as microRNA (miRNA) to receptor cells. Exosomes can efficiently penetrate various biological barriers which mediate intercellular communication. MiRNA are a class of non-coding RNA that primarily regulate messenger RNA (mRNA) at the post-transcriptional level. MiRNA is abundant in exosomes, which plays an important role by being transported and released through exosomes secreted by lung cancer cells. This review aims to elucidate the roles of exosome-derived miRNAs in lung cancer. Methods We focused on the roles of exosome-derived miRNAs in cancer occurrence and development, including angiogenesis, cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, immune escape, drug resistance, and their clinical value as new diagnostic and prognostic markers for lung cancer. Key Content and Findings Exosomal miRNA can not only affect angiogenesis of lung cancer, induce epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, and promote reprogramming of tumor microenvironment, but also affect immune regulation and drug resistance transmission and participate in regulating lung cancer cell proliferation. Therefore, understanding the regulatory roles of exosomal miRNAs in tumor invasion and metastasis can provide new ideas for the treatment of lung cancer. Conclusions Exosomal miRNA can provide some unique ideas on how to improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer in the future. Targeting tumor-specific exosomal miRNA represents a new strategy for clinical treatment of lung cancer, which can provide potential non-invasive biomarkers in the early diagnosis of lung cancer. Investigation of the involvement of exosomal miRNAs in the occurrence and progression of tumors can yield new opportunities for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fengwu Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingyuan Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongliang Qin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenan Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Shi Y, Yang W, Lin H, Han L, Cai AJ, Saraf R, Lei Y, Zhang C. Identification of RNA-based cell-type markers for stem-cell manufacturing systems with a statistical scoring function. GENE REPORTS 2024; 34:101869. [PMID: 38351912 PMCID: PMC10861185 DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2023.101869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Cell-type biomarkers are useful in stem-cell manufacturing to monitor cell purity, quantity, and quality. However, the study on cell-type markers, specifically for stem cell manufacture, is limited. Emerging questions include which RNA transcripts can serve as biomarkers during stem cell culture and how to discover these biomarkers efficiently and precisely. We developed a scoring function system to identify RNA biomarkers with RNA-seq data for systems that have a limited number of cell types. We applied the method to two data sets, one for extracellular RNAs (ex-RNAs) and the other for intracellular microRNAs (miRNAs). The first data set has RNA-seq data of ex-RNAs from cell culture media for six different types of cells, including human embryonic stem cells. To get the RNA-seq data from intracellular miRNAs, we cultured three types of cells: human embryonic stem cells (H9), neural stem cells (NSC), hESC-derived endothelial cells (EC) and conducted small RNA-seq to their intracellular miRNAs. Using these data, we identified a set of ex-RNAs/smRNAs as candidates of biomarkers for different types of cells for cell manufacture. The validity of these findings was confirmed by the utilization of additional data sets and experimental procedures. We also used deep-learning-based prediction methods and simulated data to validate these discovered biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Weilong Yang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Haishuang Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Li Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Alyssa J. Cai
- Newark Academy, 91 W S Orange Ave, Livingston, NJ, USA
| | - Ravi Saraf
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Yuguo Lei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
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Wang H, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Jiang Y, Wu L, Wang R, Zhang Z. Clinical/prognostic significance of Syndecan-1 expression in invasive breast carcinoma with distant metastasis and its correlation with tumor immunity. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 250:154787. [PMID: 37678063 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Breast Cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor for women in the world. 90% of BC-associated deaths are attributed to distant metastasis (DM). Therefore, there is an urgent need for a novel molecular target for the treatment of distant metastatic breast cancer (DMBC). Syndecan-1 (SDC-1) is a cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG). This study aims to study the expression patterns of SDC-1 in invasive breast carcinoma (IBC) with DM and to analyze its relationship with different clinicopathologic features, stromal tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) status and the clinical outcomes. METHODS A total of 50 DM breast cancer and 100 non-distant metastasis (non-DM) breast cancer patients in West China Hospital, Sichuan University from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2011 were collected. Immunohistochemical (IHC) method was used to detect the expression of SDC-1, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), and Ki-67 in 150 specimens of patients with IBC. STILs were used to evaluate immune cells in the stromal tissue within the tumor. Various clinicopathologic characteristics were retrospectively analyzed, and follow-up information were collected for prognosis analyses. The expression pattern difference of SDC-1 in the DM group and the non-DM group and its correlation with clinicopathologic characteristics of IBC were analyzed. RESULTS Compared with the non-DM group, SDC-1 had higher cytoplasmic (90.0%) and stromal diffuse (70.0%) expressions and lower stromal peritumoral (18.0%) expression in the DM group. SDC-1 cytoplasmic expression was significantly associated with HER2-positive and high Ki-67 index in DM group, and with high histological grade and lymph node (LN) metastasis in non-DM group (P < 0.05). Compared with the non-DM group, the membranous expression of SDC-1 in the DM group was related to higher histological grade and T stage, higher frequency of LN involvement. Meanwhile, the expression pattern of SDC-1 in tumor stroma was associated with sTILs status (P < 0.05). The different combinations of SDC-1 staining patterns were correlated with clinicopathological features, biomarkers and sTILs status between DM group and non-DM group.There was no significant difference in overall survival between DMBC with different expression patterns of SDC-1. CONCLUSION The cytoplasmic and stromal expressions of SDC-1 in the primary lesion of IBC are closely associated with DM, and the stromal expression of SDC-1 is correlated with tumor immune microenvironment. SDC-1 is expected to be a potential new marker for predicting the risk of DM in IBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Pathology, Langzhong People's Hospital, Langzhong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ziqi Yang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lixue Wu
- Department of Pathology, West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Wang J, Chen HC, Sheng Q, Dawson TR, Coffey RJ, Patton JG, Weaver AM, Shyr Y, Liu Q. Systematic Assessment of Small RNA Profiling in Human Extracellular Vesicles. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3446. [PMID: 37444556 PMCID: PMC10340377 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced and released by most cells and are now recognized to play a role in intercellular communication through the delivery of molecular cargo, including proteins, lipids, and RNA. Small RNA sequencing (small RNA-seq) has been widely used to characterize the small RNA content in EVs. However, there is a lack of a systematic assessment of the quality, technical biases, RNA composition, and RNA biotypes enrichment for small RNA profiling of EVs across cell types, biofluids, and conditions. METHODS We collected and reanalyzed small RNA-seq datasets for 2756 samples from 83 studies involving 55 with EVs only and 28 with both EVs and matched donor cells. We assessed their quality by the total number of reads after adapter trimming, the overall alignment rate to the host and non-host genomes, and the proportional abundance of total small RNA and specific biotypes, such as miRNA, tRNA, rRNA, and Y RNA. RESULTS We found that EV extraction methods varied in their reproducibility in isolating small RNAs, with effects on small RNA composition. Comparing proportional abundances of RNA biotypes between EVs and matched donor cells, we discovered that rRNA and tRNA fragments were relatively enriched, but miRNAs and snoRNA were depleted in EVs. Except for the export of eight miRNAs being context-independent, the selective release of most miRNAs into EVs was study-specific. CONCLUSION This work guides quality control and the selection of EV isolation methods and enhances the interpretation of small RNA contents and preferential loading in EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (J.W.); (H.-C.C.); (Q.S.)
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hua-Chang Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (J.W.); (H.-C.C.); (Q.S.)
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Quanhu Sheng
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (J.W.); (H.-C.C.); (Q.S.)
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - T. Renee Dawson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (T.R.D.); (R.J.C.); (A.M.W.)
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robert J. Coffey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (T.R.D.); (R.J.C.); (A.M.W.)
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James G. Patton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Alissa M. Weaver
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (T.R.D.); (R.J.C.); (A.M.W.)
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yu Shyr
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (J.W.); (H.-C.C.); (Q.S.)
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (J.W.); (H.-C.C.); (Q.S.)
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Rizzo AN, Schmidt EP. The role of the alveolar epithelial glycocalyx in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C799-C806. [PMID: 36847444 PMCID: PMC10042597 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00555.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The alveolar epithelial glycocalyx is a dense anionic layer of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycans that lines the apical surface of the alveolar epithelium. In contrast to the pulmonary endothelial glycocalyx, which has well-established roles in vascular homeostasis and septic organ dysfunction, the alveolar epithelial glycocalyx is less understood. Recent preclinical studies demonstrated that the epithelial glycocalyx is degraded in multiple murine models of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), particularly those that result from inhaled insults (so-called "direct" lung injury), leading to shedding of GAGs into the alveolar airspaces. Epithelial glycocalyx degradation also occurs in humans with respiratory failure, as quantified by analysis of airspace fluid obtained from ventilator heat moisture exchange (HME) filters. In patients with ARDS, GAG shedding correlates with the severity of hypoxemia and is predictive of the duration of respiratory failure. These effects may be mediated by surfactant dysfunction, as targeted degradation of the epithelial glycocalyx in mice was sufficient to cause increased alveolar surface tension, diffuse microatelectasis, and impaired lung compliance. In this review, we describe the structure of the alveolar epithelial glycocalyx and the mechanisms underlying its degradation during ARDS. We additionally review the current state of knowledge regarding the attributable effect of epithelial glycocalyx degradation in lung injury pathogenesis. Finally, we address glycocalyx degradation as a potential mediator of ARDS heterogeneity, and the subsequent value of point-of-care quantification of GAG shedding to potentially identify patients who are most likely to respond to pharmacological agents aimed at attenuating glycocalyx degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia N Rizzo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Eric P Schmidt
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Revisiting the Syndecans: Master Signaling Regulators with Prognostic and Targetable Therapeutic Values in Breast Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061794. [PMID: 36980680 PMCID: PMC10046401 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Syndecans (SDC1 to 4), a family of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans, are frequently expressed in mammalian tissues. SDCs are aberrantly expressed either on tumor or stromal cells, influencing cancer initiation and progression through their pleiotropic role in different signaling pathways relevant to proliferation, cell-matrix adhesion, migration, invasion, metastasis, cancer stemness, and angiogenesis. In this review, we discuss the key roles of SDCs in the pathogenesis of breast cancer, the most common malignancy in females worldwide, focusing on the prognostic significance and molecular regulators of SDC expression and localization in either breast tumor tissue or its microenvironmental cells and the SDC-dependent epithelial–mesenchymal transition program. This review also highlights the molecular mechanisms underlying the roles of SDCs in regulating breast cancer cell behavior via modulation of nuclear hormone receptor signaling, microRNA expression, and exosome biogenesis and functions, as well as summarizing the potential of SDCs as promising candidate targets for therapeutic strategies against breast cancer.
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Su X, Wang B, Zhou Z, Li Z, Tong S, Chen S, Zhang N, Liu S, Zhang M. A positive feedback loop of heparanase/syndecan1/nerve growth factor regulates cancer pain progression. Korean J Pain 2023; 36:60-71. [PMID: 36536517 PMCID: PMC9812689 DOI: 10.3344/kjp.22277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this research was to assess the role of heparanase (HPSE)/syndecan1 (SDC1)/nerve growth factor (NGF) on cancer pain from melanoma. Methods The influence of HPSE on the biological function of melanoma cells and cancer pain in a mouse model was evaluated. Immunohistochemical staining was used to analyze HPSE and SDC1. HPSE, NGF, and SDC1 were detected using western blot. Inflammatory factors were detected using ELISA assay. Results HPSE promoted melanoma cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor growth, as well as cancer pain, while SST0001 treatment reversed the promoting effect of HPSE. HPSE up-regulated NGF, and NGF feedback promoted HPSE. High expression of NGF reversed the inhibitory effect of HPSE down-regulation on melanoma cell phenotype deterioration, including cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion. SST0001 down-regulated SDC1 expression. SDC1 reversed the inhibitory effect of SST0001 on cancer pain. Conclusions The results showed that HPSE promoted melanoma development and cancer pain by interacting with NGF/SDC1. It provides new insights to better understand the role of HPSE in melanoma and also provides a new direction for cancer pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Suqian First People’s Hospital, Suqian City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bingwu Wang
- Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhaoyun Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tai’an Central Hospital, Tai’an City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zixian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Song Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Simin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Su Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Maoyin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China,Correspondence: Maoyin Zhang Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99, Huaihai West Road, Quanshan District, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province 221002, China, Tel: +86-18168777315, Fax: +86-0516-85805911, E-mail:
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Glycocalyx Acts as a Central Player in the Development of Tumor Microenvironment by Extracellular Vesicles for Angiogenesis and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14215415. [PMID: 36358833 PMCID: PMC9655334 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The glycocalyx is a fluffy sugar coat covering the surface of all mammalian cells. While glycocalyx at endothelial cells is a barrier to tumor cell adhesion and transmigration, glycocalyx at tumor cells promotes tumor metastasis. Angiogenesis at primary tumors and the growth of tumor cells at metastatic sites are all affected by the tumor microenvironment, including the blood vasculature, extracellular matrix (ECM), and fibroblasts. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by the tumor cells and tumor-associated endothelial cells are also considered to be the components of the tumor microenvironment. They can modify tumor vasculature, ECM, and fibroblasts. But how the EVs are generated, secreted, and up taken by the endothelial and tumor cells in the development of the tumor microenvironment are unclear, especially after anti-angiogenic therapy (AAT). The objective of this short review is to summarize the role of the glycocalyx in EV biogenesis, secretion, and uptake, as well as the modulation of the glycocalyx by the EVs. Abstract Angiogenesis in tumor growth and progression involves a series of complex changes in the tumor microenvironment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important components of the tumor microenvironment, which can be classified as exosomes, apoptotic vesicles, and matrix vesicles according to their origins and properties. The EVs that share many common biological properties are important factors for the microenvironmental modification and play a vital role in tumor growth and progression. For example, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) exosomes, which carry VEGF, participate in the tolerance of anti-angiogenic therapy (AAT). The glycocalyx is a mucopolysaccharide structure consisting of glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans. Both endothelial and tumor cells have glycocalyx at their surfaces. Glycocalyx at both cells mediates the secretion and uptake of EVs. On the other hand, many components carried by EVs can modify the glycocalyx, which finally facilitates the development of the tumor microenvironment. In this short review, we first summarize the role of EVs in the development of the tumor microenvironment. Then we review how the glycocalyx is associated with the tumor microenvironment and how it is modulated by the EVs, and finally, we review the role of the glycocalyx in the synthesis, release, and uptake of EVs that affect tumor microenvironments. This review aims to provide a basis for the mechanistic study of AAT and new clues to address the challenges in AAT tolerance, tumor angiogenesis and metastasis.
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Exosomal Micro-RNAs as Intercellular Communicators in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911047. [PMID: 36232350 PMCID: PMC9569972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between neighboring or distant cells is made through a complex network that includes extracellular vesicles (EVs). Exosomes, which are a subgroup of EVs, are released from most cell types and have been found in biological fluids such as urine, plasma, and airway secretions like bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), nasal lavage, saliva, and sputum. Mainly, the cargo exosomes are enriched with mRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs), which can be transferred to a recipient cell consequently modifying and redirecting its biological function. The effects of miRNAs derive from their role as gene expression regulators by repressing or degrading their target mRNAs. Nowadays, various types of research are focused on evaluating the potential of exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers for the prognosis and diagnosis of different pathologies. Nevertheless, there are few reports on their role in the pathophysiology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a chronic lung disease characterized by progressive lung scarring with no cure. In this review, we focus on the role and effect of exosomal miRNAs as intercellular communicators in the onset and progression of IPF, as well as discussing their potential utility as therapeutic agents for the treatment of this disease.
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10
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Yang Z, Chen S, Ying H, Yao W. Targeting Syndecan-1: New Opportunities in Cancer Therapy. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C29-C45. [PMID: 35584326 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00024.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Syndecan-1 (SDC1, CD138) is one of the heparan sulfate proteoglycans and is essential for maintaining normal cell morphology, interacting with extracellular and intracellular protein repertoire as well as mediating signaling transduction upon environmental stimuli. The critical role of SDC1 in promoting tumorigenesis and metastasis has been increasingly recognized in various cancer types, implying a promising potential of utilizing SDC1 as a novel target for cancer therapy. This review summarizes the current knowledge on SDC1 structure and functions, including its role in tumor biology. We also discuss the highlights and limitations of current SDC1-targeted therapies as well as the obstacles in developing new therapeutic methods, offering our perspective on the future directions to target SDC1 for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zecheng Yang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shuaitong Chen
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Haoqiang Ying
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Wantong Yao
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Janouskova O, Herma R, Semeradtova A, Poustka D, Liegertova M, Malinska HA, Maly J. Conventional and Nonconventional Sources of Exosomes-Isolation Methods and Influence on Their Downstream Biomedical Application. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:846650. [PMID: 35586196 PMCID: PMC9110031 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.846650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive study of extracellular vesicles (EVs), specifically exosomes (EXs) as biomarkers, important modulators of physiological or pathological processes, or therapeutic agents, relatively little is known about nonconventional sources of EXs, such as invertebrate or plant EXs, and their uses. Likewise, there is no clear information on the overview of storage conditions and currently used isolation methods, including new ones, such as microfluidics, which fundamentally affect the characterization of EXs and their other biomedical applications. The purpose of this review is to briefly summarize conventional and nonconventional sources of EXs, storage conditions and typical isolation methods, widely used kits and new "smart" technologies with emphasis on the influence of isolation techniques on EX content, protein detection, RNA, mRNA and others. At the same time, attention is paid to a brief overview of the direction of biomedical application of EXs, especially in diagnostics, therapy, senescence and aging and, with regard to the current situation, in issues related to Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Janouskova
- Centre of Nanomaterials and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista University in Ústí Nad Labem, Ústí Nad Labem, Czech Republic
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12
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Piperigkou Z, Tzaferi K, Makrokanis G, Cheli K, Karamanos NK. The microRNA-cell surface proteoglycan axis in cancer progression. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C825-C832. [PMID: 35294845 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00041.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteoglycans consist one of the major extracellular matrix class of biomolecules that demonstrate nodal roles in cancer progression. Μodern diagnostic and therapeutic approaches include proteoglycan detection and pharmacological targeting in various cancers. Proteoglycans orchestrate critical signaling pathways for cancer development and progression through dynamic interactions with matrix components. It is well established that the epigenetic signatures of cancer cells play critical role in guiding their functional properties and metastatic potential. Secreted microRNAs (miRNAs) reside in a complex network with matrix proteoglycans, thus affecting cell-cell and cell-matrix communication. This mini-review aims to highlight current knowledge on the proteoglycan-mediated signaling cascades that regulate miRNA biogenesis in cancer. Moreover, the miRNA-mediated proteoglycan regulation during cancer progression and mechanistic aspects on the way that proteoglycans affect miRNA expression are presented. Recent advances on the role of cell surface proteoglycans in exosome biogenesis and miRNA packaging and expression are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Piperigkou
- Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Tzaferi
- Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - George Makrokanis
- Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Konsatntina Cheli
- Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
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13
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Figueira RL, Antounians L, Zani-Ruttenstock E, Khalaj K, Zani A. Fetal lung regeneration using stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: A new frontier for pulmonary hypoplasia secondary to congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Prenat Diagn 2022; 42:364-372. [PMID: 35191057 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The poor outcomes of babies with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) are directly related to pulmonary hypoplasia, a cosndition characterized by impaired lung development. Although the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypoplasia is not fully elucidated, there is now evidence that CDH patients have missing or dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate lung development. A prenatal therapy that supplements these missing/dysregulated miRNAs could be a strategy to rescue normal lung development. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), also known as exosomes when of small dimensions, are lipid-bound nanoparticles that can transfer their heterogeneous cargo (proteins, lipids, small RNAs) to target cells to induce biological responses. Herein, we review all studies that show evidence for stem cell-derived EVs as a regenerative therapy to rescue normal development in CDH fetal lungs. Particularly, we report studies showing that administration of EVs derived from amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSC-EVs) to models of pulmonary hypoplasia promotes fetal lung growth and maturation via transfer of miRNAs that are known to regulate lung developmental processes. We also describe that stem cell-derived EVs exert effects on vascular remodeling, thus possibly preventing postnatal pulmonary hypertension. Finally, we discuss future perspectives and challenges to translate this promising stem cell EV-based therapy to clinical practice. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Lopes Figueira
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Lina Antounians
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Elke Zani-Ruttenstock
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Kasra Khalaj
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Augusto Zani
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 1P5, Canada
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14
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Santos NJ, Barquilha CN, Barbosa IC, Macedo RT, Lima FO, Justulin LA, Barbosa GO, Carvalho HF, Felisbino SL. Syndecan Family Gene and Protein Expression and Their Prognostic Values for Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168669. [PMID: 34445387 PMCID: PMC8395474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in men, and new biomarkers are still needed. The expression pattern and protein tissue localization of proteoglycans of the syndecan family (SDC 1-4) and syntenin-1 (SDCBP) were determined in normal and prostatic tumor tissue from two genetically engineered mouse models and human prostate tumors. Studies were validated using SDC 1-4 and SDCBP mRNA levels and patient survival data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and CamCAP databases. RNAseq showed increased expression of Sdc1 in Pb-Cre4/Ptenf/f mouse Pca and upregulation of Sdc3 expression and downregulation of Sdc2 and Sdc4 when compared to the normal prostatic tissue in Pb-Cre4/Trp53f/f-;Rb1f/f mouse tumors. These changes were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. In human PCa, SDC 1-4 and SDCBP immunostaining showed variable localization. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients expressing SDC3 had shorter prostate-specific survival than those without SDC3 expression (log-rank test, p = 0.0047). Analysis of the MSKCC-derived expression showed that SDC1 and SDC3 overexpression is predictive of decreased biochemical recurrence-free survival (p = 0.0099 and p = 0.045, respectively), and SDC4 overexpression is predictive of increased biochemical recurrence-free survival (p = 0.035). SDC4 overexpression was associated with a better prognosis, while SDC1 and SDC3 were associated with more aggressive tumors and a worse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilton José Santos
- Department of Structural and Functional BIology, Institute of Bioscience of Botucatu (IBB), São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil; (N.J.S.); (C.N.B.); (I.C.B.); (L.A.J.)
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology (IB), UNICAMP—State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil; (G.O.B.); (H.F.C.)
| | - Caroline Nascimento Barquilha
- Department of Structural and Functional BIology, Institute of Bioscience of Botucatu (IBB), São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil; (N.J.S.); (C.N.B.); (I.C.B.); (L.A.J.)
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology (IB), UNICAMP—State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil; (G.O.B.); (H.F.C.)
| | - Isabela Correa Barbosa
- Department of Structural and Functional BIology, Institute of Bioscience of Botucatu (IBB), São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil; (N.J.S.); (C.N.B.); (I.C.B.); (L.A.J.)
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology (IB), UNICAMP—State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil; (G.O.B.); (H.F.C.)
| | - Rodrigo Tavares Macedo
- Botucatu School of Medicine (FMB), São Paulo State University, Botucatu 01049-010, SP, Brazil; (R.T.M.); (F.O.L.)
| | - Flávio Oliveira Lima
- Botucatu School of Medicine (FMB), São Paulo State University, Botucatu 01049-010, SP, Brazil; (R.T.M.); (F.O.L.)
| | - Luis Antônio Justulin
- Department of Structural and Functional BIology, Institute of Bioscience of Botucatu (IBB), São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil; (N.J.S.); (C.N.B.); (I.C.B.); (L.A.J.)
| | - Guilherme Oliveira Barbosa
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology (IB), UNICAMP—State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil; (G.O.B.); (H.F.C.)
| | - Hernandes F. Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology (IB), UNICAMP—State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil; (G.O.B.); (H.F.C.)
| | - Sérgio Luis Felisbino
- Department of Structural and Functional BIology, Institute of Bioscience of Botucatu (IBB), São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil; (N.J.S.); (C.N.B.); (I.C.B.); (L.A.J.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Han J, Shi Y, Willis G, Imani J, Kwon MY, Li G, Ayaub E, Ghanta S, Ng J, Hwang N, Tsoyi K, El-Chemaly S, Kourembanas S, Mitsialis SA, Rosas IO, Liu X, Perrella MA. Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived syndecan-2 regulates the immune response during sepsis to foster bacterial clearance and resolution of inflammation. FEBS J 2021; 289:417-435. [PMID: 34355516 PMCID: PMC8766882 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening process related to a dysregulated host response to an underlying infection, which results in organ dysfunction and poor outcomes. Therapeutic strategies using mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are under investigation for sepsis, with efforts to improve cellular utility. Syndecan (SDC) proteins are transmembrane proteoglycans involved with cellular signaling events including tissue repair and modulating inflammation. Bone marrow-derived human MSCs express syndecan-2 (SDC2) at a level higher than other SDC family members; thus, we explored SDC2 in MSC function. Administration of human MSCs silenced for SDC2 in experimental sepsis resulted in decreased bacterial clearance, and increased tissue injury and mortality compared with wild-type MSCs. These findings were associated with a loss of resolution of inflammation in the peritoneal cavity, and higher levels of proinflammatory mediators in organs. MSCs silenced for SDC2 had a decreased ability to promote phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils by macrophages in the peritoneum, and also a diminished capability to convert macrophages from a proinflammatory to a proresolution phenotype via cellular or paracrine actions. Extracellular vesicles are a paracrine effector of MSCs that may contribute to resolution of inflammation, and their production was dramatically reduced in SDC2-silenced human MSCs. Collectively, these data demonstrate the importance of SDC2 for cellular and paracrine function of human MSCs during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Han
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Gareth Willis
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
| | - Jewel Imani
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Min-Young Kwon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gu Li
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ehab Ayaub
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sailaja Ghanta
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie Ng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Narae Hwang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Konstantin Tsoyi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Souheil El-Chemaly
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stella Kourembanas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
| | - S Alex Mitsialis
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
| | - Ivan O Rosas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark A Perrella
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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16
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A Comprehensive Evaluation of miR-144-3p Expression and Its Targets in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6684186. [PMID: 34326893 PMCID: PMC8302387 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6684186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is an aggressive type of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with a relatively high rate of morbidity and mortality. An altered miR-144-3p level in LSCC with a small number of patients has been previously reported. However, the clinical implication of miR-144-3p and its involved mechanism underlying this disease is not clearly elucidated. In this work, we aimed to confirm the expression of miR-144-3p with larger samples and also to identify target genes for the investigation of the underlying mechanism of miR-144-3p in LSCC. The levels of miR-144-3p were downregulated in 155 samples of LSCC tissues as compared to 26 non-LSCC samples (SMD: -0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.23, -0.32). The AUC of 0.90 in the summarized ROC curve also indicated a potential ability to differentiate LSCC from non-LSCC tissues, with a sensitivity of 0.78 and a specificity of 0.88. With respect to the molecular mechanism, we predicted the potential targets from online-based prediction, peer-reviewed publications, and RNA-seq and microarray data. In particular, the genes influenced by transfection with miR-144-3p in the LSCC FaDu cell line were collected from the microarray GSE56243. Lastly, 12 novel targets for miR-144-3p in LSCC were obtained by different algorithms. In conclusion, our study confirmed the loss or downregulation of miR-144-3p in LSCC, which might contribute to the LSCC tumorigenesis and progression via regulation of the 12 novel targets, such as IL24, ITGA6, and CEP55. In the future, further investigations are required to validate the present results.
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17
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Zhan G, Jiang H, Yang R, Yang K. miR-122 and miR-197 expressions in hepatic carcinoma patients before and after chemotherapy and their effect on patient prognosis. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:6731-6737. [PMID: 34306419 PMCID: PMC8290680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify the miR-122 and miR-197 expression levels in liver cancer (LC) patients before and after chemotherapy and to determine their prognostic implications. METHODS The present study included 169 patients with LC who were admitted to our hospital from January 2005 to December 2010. The miR-122 and miR-197 expression levels in the patients' cancerous and adjacent tissues were quantified, and their peripheral blood levels before and after chemotherapy were analyzed, as well as their prognostic implications. RESULTS The miR-122 and miR-197 levels in the LC tissues were lower than they were in the adjacent tissues, and they increased in the peripheral blood after chemotherapy. Higher miR-122 and miR-197 expression levels were observed in the LC tissues of sorafenib-sensitive patients. ROC curves demonstrated that miR-122 and miR-197 are predictive markers for the therapeutic effect of sorafenib. As shown by a K-M survival curve and a log-rank test, low miR-122 and miR-197 levels are responsible for low 5-year patient survival rates. Moreover, a univariate Cox analysis uncovered the association between the 5-year survival and the miR-122 and miR-197 expression levels, the size and number of tumors, vascular invasion, and TNM and BCLC staging. Also, a multivariate Cox analysis indicated that the independent risk factors for 5-year survival in LC included the miR-122 and miR-197 levels, the number of tumors, vascular invasion, and TNM and BCLC staging. CONCLUSION miR-122 and miR-197 expression levels can predict LC patient responses to sorafenib chemotherapy, and their levels increase after chemotherapy. Moreover, decreased miR-122 and miR-197 levels are independent risk factors for LC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhan
- Department of General Surgery, Central Theater General Hospital (Hankou Hospital) Wuhan 430010, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Central Theater General Hospital (Hankou Hospital) Wuhan 430010, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Central Theater General Hospital (Hankou Hospital) Wuhan 430010, Hubei, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Central Theater General Hospital (Hankou Hospital) Wuhan 430010, Hubei, China
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18
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Plasma Extracellular Vesicle miRNAs Can Identify Lung Cancer, Current Smoking Status, and Stable COPD. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115803. [PMID: 34071592 PMCID: PMC8198071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer related mortality worldwide. We aimed to test whether a simple blood biomarker (extracellular vesicle miRNAs) can discriminate between cases with and without lung cancer. METHODS plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) were isolated from four cohorts (n = 20 in each): healthy non-smokers, healthy smokers, lung cancer, and stable COPD participants. EV miRNA expression was evaluated using the miRCURY LNA miRNA Serum/Plasma assay for 179 specific targets. Significantly dysregulated miRNAs were assessed for discriminatory power using ROC curve analysis. RESULTS 15 miRNAs were differentially expressed between lung cancer and healthy non-smoking participants, with the greatest single miRNA being miR-205-5p (AUC 0.850), improving to AUC 0.993 in combination with miR-199a-5p. Moreover, 26 miRNAs were significantly dysregulated between lung cancer and healthy smoking participants, with the greatest single miRNA being miR-497-5p (AUC 0.873), improving to AUC 0.953 in combination with miR-22-5p; 14 miRNAs were significantly dysregulated between lung cancer and stable COPD participants, with the greatest single miRNA being miR-27a-3p (AUC 0.803), with two other miRNAs (miR-106b-3p and miR-361-5p) further improving discriminatory power (AUC 0.870). CONCLUSION this case control study suggests miRNAs in EVs from plasma holds key biological information specific for lung cancer and warrants further prospective assessment.
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19
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From Exosome Glycobiology to Exosome Glycotechnology, the Role of Natural Occurring Polysaccharides. POLYSACCHARIDES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/polysaccharides2020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes (EXOs) are nano-sized informative shuttles acting as endogenous mediators of cell-to-cell communication. Their innate ability to target specific cells and deliver functional cargo is recently claimed as a promising theranostic strategy. The glycan profile, actively involved in the EXO biogenesis, release, sorting and function, is highly cell type-specific and frequently altered in pathological conditions. Therefore, the modulation of EXO glyco-composition has recently been considered an attractive tool in the design of novel therapeutics. In addition to the available approaches involving conventional glyco-engineering, soft technology is becoming more and more attractive for better exploiting EXO glycan tasks and optimizing EXO delivery platforms. This review, first, explores the main functions of EXO glycans and associates the potential implications of the reported new findings across the nanomedicine applications. The state-of-the-art of the last decade concerning the role of natural polysaccharides—as targeting molecules and in 3D soft structure manufacture matrices—is then analysed and highlighted, as an advancing EXO biofunction toolkit. The promising results, integrating the biopolymers area to the EXO-based bio-nanofabrication and bio-nanotechnology field, lay the foundation for further investigation and offer a new perspective in drug delivery and personalized medicine progress.
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20
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Jiang ZB, Ma BQ, Feng Z, Liu SG, Gao P, Yan HT. miR-365 inhibits the progression of gallbladder carcinoma and predicts the prognosis of Gallbladder carcinoma patients. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:308-319. [PMID: 33459111 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1874694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is one of the most common fatal biliary tract tumors in the world. Its 3-year survival rate is 30% and the recurrence rate remains very high. miR-365 was downregulated in numerous tumors and worked as tumor suppressor gene. However, the role of miR-365 in GBC was unclear. In this study, our results found that the expression of miR-365 in GBC tissues was reduced rather than that in non-cancerous tissues. miR-365 overexpression inhibited the proliferation, metastasis and expansion of GBC CSCs. Mechanically, bioinformatic and luciferase reporter analysis identified Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) as a direct target of miR-365. Overexpression of miR-365 in GBC cells reduced the RAC1 mRNA and protein expression. The special RAC1 inhibitor EHop-106 abolished the discrepancy of growth, metastasis and self-renewal ability between miR-365-overexpression GBC cells and their control cells, which further demonstrated that RAC1 was involved in miR-365-disrupted GBC cells growth, metastasis and self-renewal. More importantly, reduced expression of miR-365 was a predictor of poor prognosis of GBC patients. In conclusion, miR-365 inhibited GBC cell growth, metastasis and self-renewal capacity by directly targeting RAC1, and may therefore prove to be a novel prognosis biomarker for GBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Bin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital , Gansu, China
| | - Bing-Qiang Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital , Gansu, China
| | - Zongfeng Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Cao County People's Hospital , Heze, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shao-Guang Liu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital , Gansu, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital , Gansu, China
| | - Hui-Ting Yan
- Department of Nursing Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital , Gansu, China
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21
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Extracellular vesicle-associated microRNA-221-3p secreted by drug-resistant lung cancer cells targets HMBOX1 to promote the progression of lung cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 28:679-692. [PMID: 33214694 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00249-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have received increasing attention for their role as possible regulators of cancer. miR-221-3p is a microRNA (miR) up-regulated in EVs secreted by drug-resistant A549-GR lung cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanism through which miR-221-3p-containing EVs regulate the progression of lung cancer remains elusive. Here, we attempted to reveal the mechanism by which miR-221-3p-containing EVs secreted by drug-resistant lung cancer cells regulate the functions of surrounding cells during the progression of lung cancer. A gemcitabine-sensitive lung cancer cell line was treated with isolated drug-resistant lung cancer EVs followed by an evaluation of the proliferation and migration of sensitive lung cancer cell lines and their resistance to gemcitabine treatment. Moreover, the miR-221-3p target gene HMBOX1 was identified by the Targetscan database while the progression of lung cancer was detected by knocking down miR-221-3p or overexpressing HMBOX1, or by treating sensitive cell lines with Akt/mTOR activator and inhibitor, respectively. Furthermore, an in vivo study was performed to validate the relationship between miR-221-3p and HMBOX1 and their roles in the progression of lung cancer. The proliferation and migration of sensitive lung cancer cell lines and their resistance to drugs were significantly enhanced after the treatment with drug-resistant EVs. Knockdown of miR-221-3p (in the EV of drug-resistant lung cancer or overexpression of HMBOX1 in sensitive lung cancer cell lines) reduced the transformation of sensitive lung cell lines, whereas, the treatment of sensitive lung cell lines with Akt/mTOR activator or inhibitor significantly affected the progression of lung cancer. In vivo experiments further confirmed that miR-221-3p released by drug-resistant lung cancer cells targeted the HMBOX1 to regulate the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and affected the progression of lung cancer. We conclude that miR-221-3p-containing EVs secreted by drug-resistant lung cancer cells can potentially activate the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway by inhibiting HMBOX1, promoting the progression of lung cancer. The regulation of miR-221-3p represents a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of lung cancer.
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22
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Deb A, Gupta S, Mazumder PB. Exosomes: A new horizon in modern medicine. Life Sci 2020; 264:118623. [PMID: 33096118 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicles belonging to endocytic origin. These vesicles carry different biological cargo that play numerous physiological roles and is also indicative of different diseased state. Exosomes are considered as promising tools for therapeutic drug delivery, owing to their intrinsic features like stability, biocompatibility and a capacity of stealth. A clearer understanding of the composition, biogenesis and biology of exosomes can provide us with better insights into the pathophysiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic roles of these extracellular vesicles. In this review we have summarize existing literature regarding the production, efficacy, action mechanism, and potential therapeutic roles of exosomes in the contexts of various diseases such as cancer, renal disease, neurological disorders, cardio-vascular diseases, inflammatory diseases and some of the auto-immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Deb
- Natural Product & Biomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India
| | - Shweta Gupta
- Natural Product & Biomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India.
| | - P B Mazumder
- Natural Product & Biomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India.
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Xiong Z, Jiang B, Li G. Downregulation of miR-10a inhibits cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by targeting Syndecan-1. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2020; 13:2502-2512. [PMID: 33165429 PMCID: PMC7642702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a malignancy of epidermal keratinocytes which accounts for approximately one-third of skin cancer-related death yearly. In this study, we aim to investigate the mechanism of miR-10a in regulating cellular function of cSCC cells and its possible role in prognosis of cSCC. METHODS The expression of miR-10a was detected by qRT-PCR. Target mRNA candidates were detected by bioinformatic analysis. Proliferative and migration capability of cSCC cell were examined by MTT assay, wound healing assay, and invasion assay, respectively. miR-10a expression was monitored in cSCC patients to elucidate the relationship between miR-10a expression and outcomes of cSCC. RESULTS In our study, we found that expression of miR-10a was significantly down-regulated in cSCC cell in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, our results revealed that SDC-1 was a likely target of miR-10a in regulating biologic function of cSCC cell. Additionally, miR-10a expression level was inversely correlated with cSCC cell differentiation and tumor progression. CONCLUSION These findings in this study indicate the importance of miR-10a in cSCC cell hallmarks and its use as a novel target for cSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuyou Xiong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College 287 Chang Huai Road, Bengbu 233000, Anhui, China
| | - Banghong Jiang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College 287 Chang Huai Road, Bengbu 233000, Anhui, China
| | - Guangzao Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College 287 Chang Huai Road, Bengbu 233000, Anhui, China
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Martin-Medina A, Lehmann M, Burgy O, Hermann S, Baarsma HA, Wagner DE, De Santis MM, Ciolek F, Hofer TP, Frankenberger M, Aichler M, Lindner M, Gesierich W, Guenther A, Walch A, Coughlan C, Wolters P, Lee JS, Behr J, Königshoff M. Increased Extracellular Vesicles Mediate WNT5A Signaling in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 198:1527-1538. [PMID: 30044642 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201708-1580oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal lung disease characterized by lung epithelial cell injury, increased (myo)fibroblast activation, and extracellular matrix deposition. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) regulate intercellular communication by carrying a variety of signaling mediators, including WNT (wingless/integrated) proteins. The relevance of EVs in pulmonary fibrosis and their potential contribution to disease pathogenesis, however, remain unexplored.Objectives: To characterize EVs and study the role of EV-bound WNT signaling in IPF.Methods: We isolated EVs from BAL fluid (BALF) from experimental lung fibrosis as well as samples from IPF, non-IPF interstitial lung disease (ILD), non-ILD, and healthy volunteers from two independent cohorts. EVs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and Western blotting. Primary human lung fibroblasts (phLFs) were used for EV isolation and analyzed by metabolic activity assays, cell counting, quantitative PCR, and Western blotting upon WNT gain- and loss-of-function studies.Measurements and Main Results: We found increased EVs, particularly exosomes, in BALF from experimental lung fibrosis as well as from patients with IPF. WNT5A was secreted on EVs in lung fibrosis and induced by transforming growth factor-β in primary human lung fibroblasts. The phLF-derived EVs induced phLF proliferation, which was attenuated by WNT5A silencing and antibody-mediated inhibition and required intact EV structure. Similarly, EVs from IPF BALF induced phLF proliferation, which was mediated by WNT5A.Conclusions: Increased EVs function as carriers for signaling mediators, such as WNT5A, in IPF and thus contribute to disease pathogenesis. Characterization of EV secretion and composition may lead to novel approaches to diagnose and develop treatments for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Martin-Medina
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilian University, University Hospital Grosshadern, and Helmholtz Center Munich, member of the German Center of Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Mareike Lehmann
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilian University, University Hospital Grosshadern, and Helmholtz Center Munich, member of the German Center of Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Olivier Burgy
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Sarah Hermann
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilian University, University Hospital Grosshadern, and Helmholtz Center Munich, member of the German Center of Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Hoeke A Baarsma
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilian University, University Hospital Grosshadern, and Helmholtz Center Munich, member of the German Center of Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Darcy E Wagner
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilian University, University Hospital Grosshadern, and Helmholtz Center Munich, member of the German Center of Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina M De Santis
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilian University, University Hospital Grosshadern, and Helmholtz Center Munich, member of the German Center of Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Ciolek
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilian University, University Hospital Grosshadern, and Helmholtz Center Munich, member of the German Center of Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas P Hofer
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilian University, University Hospital Grosshadern, and Helmholtz Center Munich, member of the German Center of Lung Research, Munich, Germany.,Center for Thoracic Surgery, Asklepios Biobank for Lung Diseases, Asklepios Clinic Munich-Gauting, Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Frankenberger
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilian University, University Hospital Grosshadern, and Helmholtz Center Munich, member of the German Center of Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Michaela Aichler
- Institute of Pathology, Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Lindner
- Center for Thoracic Surgery, Asklepios Biobank for Lung Diseases, Asklepios Clinic Munich-Gauting, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Gesierich
- Center for Thoracic Surgery, Asklepios Biobank for Lung Diseases, Asklepios Clinic Munich-Gauting, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Guenther
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany.,Agaplesion Lung Clinic Waldhof Elgershausen, Greifenstein, Germany.,European IPF Network and European IPF Registry, Giessen, Germany; and
| | - Axel Walch
- Institute of Pathology, Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Coughlan
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Paul Wolters
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Joyce S Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Jürgen Behr
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilian University, University Hospital Grosshadern, and Helmholtz Center Munich, member of the German Center of Lung Research, Munich, Germany.,Center for Thoracic Surgery, Asklepios Biobank for Lung Diseases, Asklepios Clinic Munich-Gauting, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilian University, University Hospital Grosshadern, and Helmholtz Center Munich, member of the German Center of Lung Research, Munich, Germany.,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
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25
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Groot M, Lee H. Sorting Mechanisms for MicroRNAs into Extracellular Vesicles and Their Associated Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041044. [PMID: 32331346 PMCID: PMC7226101 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are secretory membranous elements used by cells to transport proteins, lipids, mRNAs, and microRNAs (miRNAs). While their existence has been known for many years, only recently has research begun to identify their function in intercellular communication and gene regulation. Importantly, cells have the ability to selectively sort miRNA into EVs for secretion to nearby or distant targets. These mechanisms broadly include RNA-binding proteins such as hnRNPA2B1 and Argonaute-2, but also membranous proteins involved in EV biogenesis such as Caveolin-1 and Neural Sphingomyelinase 2. Moreover, certain disease states have also identified dysregulated EV-miRNA content, shedding light on the potential role of selective sorting in pathogenesis. These pathologies include chronic lung disease, immune response, neuroinflammation, diabetes mellitus, cancer, and heart disease. In this review, we will overview the mechanisms whereby cells selectively sort miRNA into EVs and also outline disease states where EV-miRNAs become dysregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Groot
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Heedoo Lee
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-213-3452
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26
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Marin I, Ofek E, Bar J, Prisant N, Perelman M, Avivi C, Lavy-Shahaf G, Onn A, Katz R, Barshack I. MiR-21, EGFR and PTEN in non-small cell lung cancer: an in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry study. J Clin Pathol 2020; 73:636-641. [PMID: 32060074 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2019-206420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To analyse microRNA (miR)-21 distribution and expression at the cellular level in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MiR-21 is an oncogenic microRNA overexpressed in NSCLC. In previous studies, overexpression of miR-21 was evaluated from the tumour bulk by quantitative reverse transcription PCR with results expressed on average across the entire cell population. METHODS We used in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry to assess the correlation between miR-21 levels and the expression of markers that may be possible targets (epidermal growth factor reaction) or may be involved in its upregulation (phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), p53). The Pearson's χ2 tests was used to assess correlation with clinicopathological data and with miR-21 expression both in tumour and tumour stroma. RESULTS Cytoplasmic staining and expression of Mir-21 were detected in the tumours and in associated stromal cells. Expression was highest in the stroma immediately surrounding the tumour cells and decreased as the distance from the tumour increased. No expression of miR-21 was found in normal lung parenchyma and a significant association was found between tumour localised miR-21 and PTEN. CONCLUSIONS Presence of miR-21 in both cell tumour and stromal compartments of NSCLC and the relationship with PTEN confirms miR-21 as a microenvironment signalling molecule, possibly inducing epithelial mesenchymal transition and invasion by targeting PTEN in the stromal compartment possibly through exosomal transport. In situ immunohistochemical studies such as ours may help shed light on the complex interactions between miRNAs and its role in NSCLC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Marin
- Pathology Department, Tel HaShomer Hospital, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Efrat Ofek
- Pathology Department, Tel HaShomer Hospital, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Jair Bar
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Institute of Oncology, Tel HaShomer Hospital, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Nadia Prisant
- Pathology Department, Tel HaShomer Hospital, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Marina Perelman
- Pathology Department, Tel HaShomer Hospital, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Camila Avivi
- Pathology Department, Tel HaShomer Hospital, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Gitit Lavy-Shahaf
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Tel HaShomer Hospital, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Amir Onn
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Institute of Oncology, Tel HaShomer Hospital, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ruth Katz
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Iris Barshack
- Pathology Department, Tel HaShomer Hospital, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
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27
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Piperigkou Z, Karamanos NK. Dynamic Interplay between miRNAs and the Extracellular Matrix Influences the Tumor Microenvironment. Trends Biochem Sci 2019; 44:1076-1088. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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28
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Parimon T, Yao C, Habiel DM, Ge L, Bora SA, Brauer R, Evans CM, Xie T, Alonso-Valenteen F, Medina-Kauwe LK, Jiang D, Noble PW, Hogaboam CM, Deng N, Burgy O, Antes TJ, Königshoff M, Stripp BR, Gharib SA, Chen P. Syndecan-1 promotes lung fibrosis by regulating epithelial reprogramming through extracellular vesicles. JCI Insight 2019; 5:129359. [PMID: 31393853 PMCID: PMC6777916 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and fatal lung disease. A maladaptive epithelium due to chronic injury is a prominent feature and contributor to pathogenic cellular communication in IPF. Recent data highlight the concept of a "reprogrammed" lung epithelium as critical in the development of lung fibrosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are potent mediator of cellular crosstalk, and recent evidence supports their role in lung pathologies such as IPF. Here, we demonstrate that syndecan-1 is overexpressed by the epithelium in the lungs of IPF patients and in murine models after bleomycin injury. Moreover, we find that syndecan-1 is a pro-fibrotic signal that alters alveolar type II (ATII) cell phenotypes by augmenting TGFβ and Wnt signaling among other pro-fibrotic pathways. Importantly, we demonstrate that syndecan-1 controls the packaging of several anti-fibrotic microRNAs into EVs that have broad effects over several fibrogenic signaling networks as a mechanism of regulating epithelial plasticity and pulmonary fibrosis. Collectively, our work reveals new insight into how EVs orchestrate cellular signals that promote lung fibrosis and demonstrate the importance of syndecan-1 in coordinating these programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanyalak Parimon
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Changfu Yao
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David M. Habiel
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lingyin Ge
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Bora
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rena Brauer
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Christopher M. Evans
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ting Xie
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | - Dianhua Jiang
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Paul W. Noble
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Cory M. Hogaboam
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Nan Deng
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, and
| | - Olivier Burgy
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Travis J. Antes
- Smidt Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Barry R. Stripp
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Sina A. Gharib
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Peter Chen
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, and
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29
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Lafitte M, Lecointre C, Roche S. Roles of exosomes in metastatic colorectal cancer. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C869-C880. [PMID: 31291143 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00218.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Metastases remain a major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality. This is a multistep process that involves aberrant cell communication, leading to tumor cell dissemination from the primary tumor and colonization of distinct organs for secondary tumor formation. The mechanisms promoting this pathological process are not fully understood, although they may be of obvious therapeutic interest. Exosomes are small cell-secreted vesicles that contain a large variety of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids with important signaling activities, and that represent an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for cell-to-cell communication. Not surprisingly, exosome activities have gained strong interest in cancer biology and might play essential roles in metastasis development. Here, we will describe recent findings on the role of exosomes in cancer metastasis formation, particularly in colorectal cancer (CRC). We will also discuss the potential therapeutic value of these vesicles in metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Lafitte
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Lecointre
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France
| | - Serge Roche
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France
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30
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Gondelaud F, Ricard‐Blum S. Structures and interactions of syndecans. FEBS J 2019; 286:2994-3007. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Gondelaud
- ICBMS UMR 5246 CNRS – University Lyon 1 Univ Lyon Villeurbanne France
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31
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Qiao W, Liu H, Guo W, Li P, Deng M. Prognostic and clinical significance of syndecan-1 expression in breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Surg Oncol 2018; 45:1132-1137. [PMID: 30598194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic value of syndecan-1 (SDC1, also called CD138) in breast cancer remains controversial. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the clinical significance of SDC1 expression in breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Various databases were searched to evaluate possible correlations between SDC1 protein or mRNA expression and prognostic significance in breast cancer. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were applied to perform a quantitative meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 1305 breast cancer patients from 9 eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis. Significant associations between elevated SDC1 protein expression and poor disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.12-2.14; P = 0.007) and overall survival (OS) (HR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.61-2.69; P < 0.001) were observed. In addition, enhanced SDC1 protein expression correlated with negative estrogen receptor (ER) expression (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.64-3.44; P < 0.001) and positive human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.14-2.76; P = 0.01). However, increased SDC1 protein expression did not correlate with relapse-free survival (RFS) (HR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.03-3.13; P = 0.33). There were no additional significant correlations observed between SDC1 protein expression and other clinical factors, including tumor size, lymph node involvement, nuclear grade, and progesterone receptor (PR) expression. CONCLUSION The results of this meta-analysis demonstrate that increased SDC1 protein expression in breast cancer is significantly associated with worse prognosis in terms of DFS and OS, and an aggressive phenotype is associated with negative ER expression and positive HER2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Qiao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Heyang Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Wanying Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Miao Deng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China.
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32
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Burgy O, Fernandez Fernandez E, Rolandsson Enes S, Königshoff M, Greene CM, Bartel S. New players in chronic lung disease identified at the European Respiratory Society International Congress in Paris 2018: from microRNAs to extracellular vesicles. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:S2983-S2987. [PMID: 30310685 PMCID: PMC6174131 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.08.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Burgy
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Elena Fernandez Fernandez
- Lung Biology Group, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sara Rolandsson Enes
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lung Biology Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Catherine M. Greene
- Lung Biology Group, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sabine Bartel
- Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Disease, Leibniz Lung Center Borstel, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
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Wan Z, Gao X, Dong Y, Zhao Y, Chen X, Yang G, Liu L. Exosome-mediated cell-cell communication in tumor progression. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:1661-1673. [PMID: 30323961 PMCID: PMC6176174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, which are 30-150 nm lipid bilayer vehicles, have been recognized as one of the most crucial components of the tumor microenvironment. Exosomes transfer specific lipid, nucleic acids, proteins and other bioactive molecules from the donor cells to the recipient cells. Accumulating evidence has suggested that cancer cells and the tumor associated stromal cells can release and receive exosomes, inside of which the components and amounts are greatly changed. Pioneering studies have revealed that these exosomes play essential roles in tumor progression. Here we summarize the recent advances in this field, by focusing on the exosome biogenesis in the cancer condition, and their biological function in angiogenesis, metastasis and chemo-resistance of tumor. The review would not only provide a summary of this field, but also insights and perspectives on exosome-based strategies in cancer diagnoses, prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wan
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaotong Gao
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xutao Chen
- Department of Implantation, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guodong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710038, Shaanxi, China
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Chute C, Yang X, Meyer K, Yang N, O'Neil K, Kasza I, Eliceiri K, Alexander C, Friedl A. Syndecan-1 induction in lung microenvironment supports the establishment of breast tumor metastases. Breast Cancer Res 2018; 20:66. [PMID: 29976229 PMCID: PMC6034333 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-0995-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Syndecan-1 (Sdc1), a cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan normally expressed primarily by epithelia and plasma cells, is aberrantly induced in stromal fibroblasts of breast carcinomas. Stromal fibroblast-derived Sdc1 participates in paracrine growth stimulation of breast carcinoma cells and orchestrates stromal extracellular matrix fiber alignment, thereby creating a migration and invasion-permissive microenvironment. Here, we specifically tested the role of stromal Sdc1 in metastasis. Methods The metastatic potential of the aggressive mouse mammary carcinoma cell lines, 4T1 and E0776, was tested in wild-type and genetically Sdc1-deficient host animals. Metastatic lesions were characterized by immunohistochemical analysis. Results After orthotopic inoculation, the lung metastatic burden was reduced in Sdc1−/− animals by 97% and more than 99%, in BALB/cJ and C57BL/6 animals, respectively. The difference in metastatic efficiency was maintained when the tumor cells were injected into the tail vein, suggesting that host Sdc1 exerts its effect during later stages of the metastatic cascade. Co-localization studies identified Sdc1 expression in stromal fibroblasts within the metastatic microenvironment and in normal airway epithelial cells but not in other cells (endothelial cells, α-smooth muscle actin positive cells, leucocytes, macrophages). The Ki67 proliferation index and the rate of apoptosis of the metastatic tumor cells were diminished in Sdc1−/− vs. Sdc1+/+ animals, and leucocyte density was indistinguishable. Sdc1-mediated metastatic efficiency was abolished when the animals were housed at a thermoneutral ambient temperature of 31 °C, suggesting that the host Sdc1 effect on metastasis requires mild cold stress. Conclusions In summary, Sdc1 is induced in the lung microenvironment after mammary carcinoma cell dissemination and promotes outgrowth of metastases in a temperature-dependent manner. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13058-018-0995-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Chute
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6051 WIMR, MC-2275, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Xinhai Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6051 WIMR, MC-2275, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Kristy Meyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6051 WIMR, MC-2275, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6051 WIMR, MC-2275, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Keelin O'Neil
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6051 WIMR, MC-2275, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Ildiko Kasza
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kevin Eliceiri
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA.,Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Caroline Alexander
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andreas Friedl
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6051 WIMR, MC-2275, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA. .,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Madison, WI, USA. .,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA.
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Yang Y, Tao X, Li CB, Wang CM. MicroRNA-494 acts as a tumor suppressor in pancreatic cancer, inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration and invasion by binding to SDC1. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:1204-1214. [PMID: 29956739 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer‑related mortality in the industrialized world. Emerging evidence indicates that a variety of microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are involved in the development of PC. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanisms through which miR‑494 affects the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion of PC cells by binding to syndecan 1 (SDC1). PC tissues and pancreatitis tissues were collected, and the regulatory effects of miR‑494 on SDC1 were validated using bioinformatics analysis and a dual‑luciferase report gene assay. The cell line with the highest SDC1 expression was selected for use in the following experiments. The role of miR‑494 in EMT was assessed by measuring the expression of SDC1, E‑cadherin and vimentin. Cell proliferation was assessed using a cell counting kit (CCK)‑8 assay, migration was measured using a scratch test, invasion was assessed with a Transwell assay and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Finally, a xenograft tumor model was constructed in nude mice to observe tumor growth in vivo. We found that SDC1 protein expression was significantly higher in the PC tissues. SDC1 was verified as a target gene of miR‑494. The SW1990 cell line was selected for use in further experiments as it had the lowest miR‑494 expression and the highest SDC1 expression. Our results also demonstrated that miR‑494 overexpression and SDC1 silencing significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expression of SDC1 and vimentin in SW1990 cells, while it increased E‑cadherin expression and apoptosis, and inhibited cell growth, migration, invasion and tumor growth. On the whole, the findings of this study demonstrated that miR‑494 is able to downregulate SDC1 expression, thereby inhibiting the progression of PC. These findings reveal a novel mechanism through which miR‑494 affects the development of PC and may thus provide a basis for the application of miR‑494 in pancreatic oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Τhe First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Xiong Tao
- Department of General Surgery, Τhe First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Bo Li
- Department of General Surgery, Τhe First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Miao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Τhe First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
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