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Ochieng BO, Zhao L, Ye Z. Three-Dimensional Bioprinting in Vascular Tissue Engineering and Tissue Vascularization of Cardiovascular Diseases. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2024; 30:340-358. [PMID: 37885200 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2023.0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
In the 21st century, significant progress has been made in repairing damaged materials through material engineering. However, the creation of large-scale artificial materials still faces a major challenge in achieving proper vascularization. To address this issue, researchers have turned to biomaterials and three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting techniques, which allow for the combination of multiple biomaterials with improved mechanical and biological properties that mimic natural materials. Hydrogels, known for their ability to support living cells and biological components, have played a crucial role in this research. Among the recent developments, 3D bioprinting has emerged as a promising tool for constructing hybrid scaffolds. However, there are several challenges in the field of bioprinting, including the need for nanoscale biomimicry, the formulation of hydrogel blends, and the ongoing complexity of vascularizing biomaterials, which requires further research. On a positive note, 3D bioprinting offers a solution to the vascularization problem due to its precise spatial control, scalability, and reproducibility compared with traditional fabrication methods. This paper aims at examining the recent advancements in 3D bioprinting technology for creating blood vessels, vasculature, and vascularized materials. It provides a comprehensive overview of the progress made and discusses the limitations and challenges faced in current 3D bioprinting of vascularized tissues. In addition, the paper highlights the future research directions focusing on the development of 3D bioprinting techniques and bioinks for creating functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Omondi Ochieng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Leqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Biomedical Science and Biochemistry, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Zhiyi Ye
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Khorsandi D, Rezayat D, Sezen S, Ferrao R, Khosravi A, Zarepour A, Khorsandi M, Hashemian M, Iravani S, Zarrabi A. Application of 3D, 4D, 5D, and 6D bioprinting in cancer research: what does the future look like? J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4584-4612. [PMID: 38686396 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00310a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The application of three- and four-dimensional (3D/4D) printing in cancer research represents a significant advancement in understanding and addressing the complexities of cancer biology. 3D/4D materials provide more physiologically relevant environments compared to traditional two-dimensional models, allowing for a more accurate representation of the tumor microenvironment that enables researchers to study tumor progression, drug responses, and interactions with surrounding tissues under conditions similar to in vivo conditions. The dynamic nature of 4D materials introduces the element of time, allowing for the observation of temporal changes in cancer behavior and response to therapeutic interventions. The use of 3D/4D printing in cancer research holds great promise for advancing our understanding of the disease and improving the translation of preclinical findings to clinical applications. Accordingly, this review aims to briefly discuss 3D and 4D printing and their advantages and limitations in the field of cancer. Moreover, new techniques such as 5D/6D printing and artificial intelligence (AI) are also introduced as methods that could be used to overcome the limitations of 3D/4D printing and opened promising ways for the fast and precise diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Khorsandi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Dorsa Rezayat
- Center for Global Design and Manufacturing, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, 2901 Woodside Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Serap Sezen
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla 34956 Istanbul, Türkiye
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Tuzla 34956 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Rafaela Ferrao
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
- University of Coimbra, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Portugal
| | - Arezoo Khosravi
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul 34959, Türkiye
| | - Atefeh Zarepour
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai - 600 077, India
| | - Melika Khorsandi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemian
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Siavash Iravani
- Independent Researcher, W Nazar ST, Boostan Ave, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Türkiye.
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320315, Taiwan
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Brychka S, Brychka A, Hedin N, Mondeshki M. Sustainable Composite Materials Based on Carnauba Wax and Montmorillonite Nanoclay for Energy Storage. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1978. [PMID: 38730787 PMCID: PMC11084883 DOI: 10.3390/ma17091978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Sustainable composite materials, including carnauba wax, can store energy in the form of latent heat, and containing the wax may allow form-stable melting and crystallization cycles to be performed. Here, it is shown that carnauba wax in the molten state and the abundant nanoclay montmorillonite form stable composites with mass ratios of 50-70% (w/w). Transmission electron microscopy analysis reveals the inhomogeneous distribution of the nanoclay in the wax matrix. Analyses with infrared and multinuclear solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy prove the chemical inertness of the composite materials during preparation. No new phases are formed according to studies with powder X-ray diffraction. The addition of the nanoclay increases the thermal conductivity and prevents the leakage of the phase change material, as well as reducing the time intervals of the cycle of accumulation and the return of heat. The latent heat increases in the row 69.5 ± 3.7 J/g, 95.0 ± 2.5 J/g, and 107.9 ± 1.7 J/g for the composite materials containing resp. 50%, 60% and 70% carnauba wax. Analysis of temperature-dependent 13C cross-polarization solid-state NMR spectra reveal the enhanced amorphization and altered molecular dynamics of the carnauba wax constituents in the composite materials. The amorphization also defines changes in the thermal transport mechanism in the composites compared to pure wax at elevated temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhii Brychka
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;
- The Gas Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 39, Dehtyarivska Str., 03113 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alla Brychka
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences, 17 General Naumov Street, 03164 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Niklas Hedin
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Mihail Mondeshki
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
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Cordell GA. The contemporary nexus of medicines security and bioprospecting: a future perspective for prioritizing the patient. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2024; 14:11. [PMID: 38270809 PMCID: PMC10811317 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-024-00431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Reacting to the challenges presented by the evolving nexus of environmental change, defossilization, and diversified natural product bioprospecting is vitally important for advancing global healthcare and placing patient benefit as the most important consideration. This overview emphasizes the importance of natural and synthetic medicines security and proposes areas for global research action to enhance the quality, safety, and effectiveness of sustainable natural medicines. Following a discussion of some contemporary factors influencing natural products, a rethinking of the paradigms in natural products research is presented in the interwoven contexts of the Fourth and Fifth Industrial Revolutions and based on the optimization of the valuable assets of Earth. Following COP28, bioprospecting is necessary to seek new classes of bioactive metabolites and enzymes for chemoenzymatic synthesis. Focus is placed on those performance and practice modifications which, in a sustainable manner, establish the patient, and the maintenance of their prophylactic and treatment needs, as the priority. Forty initiatives for natural products in healthcare are offered for the patient and the practitioner promoting global action to address issues of sustainability, environmental change, defossilization, quality control, product consistency, and neglected diseases to assure that quality natural medicinal agents will be accessible for future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey A Cordell
- Natural Products Inc., 1320 Ashland Avenue, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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Trucillo P. Biomaterials for Drug Delivery and Human Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:456. [PMID: 38255624 PMCID: PMC10817481 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Biomaterials embody a groundbreaking paradigm shift in the field of drug delivery and human applications. Their versatility and adaptability have not only enriched therapeutic outcomes but also significantly reduced the burden of adverse effects. This work serves as a comprehensive overview of biomaterials, with a particular emphasis on their pivotal role in drug delivery, classifying them in terms of their biobased, biodegradable, and biocompatible nature, and highlighting their characteristics and advantages. The examination also delves into the extensive array of applications for biomaterials in drug delivery, encompassing diverse medical fields such as cancer therapy, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and vaccination. This work also explores the actual challenges within this domain, including potential toxicity and the complexity of manufacturing processes. These challenges emphasize the necessity for thorough research and the continuous development of regulatory frameworks. The second aim of this review is to navigate through the compelling terrain of recent advances and prospects in biomaterials, envisioning a healthcare landscape where they empower precise, targeted, and personalized drug delivery. The potential for biomaterials to transform healthcare is staggering, as they promise treatments tailored to individual patient needs, offering hope for improved therapeutic efficacy, fewer side effects, and a brighter future for medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Trucillo
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale V. Tecchio, 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
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Akram N, Shahbaz M, Zia KM, Usman M, Ali A, Al-Salahi R, Abuelizz HA, Delattre C. Investigation of the in vitro biological activities of polyethylene glycol-based thermally stable polyurethane elastomers. RSC Adv 2024; 14:779-793. [PMID: 38174249 PMCID: PMC10759036 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06997d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The intense urge to replace conventional polymers with ecofriendly monomers is a step towards green products. The novelty of this study is the extraction of starch from the biowaste of wheat bran (WB) and banana peel (BP) for use as a monomer in the form of chain extenders. For the synthesis of polyurethane (PU) elastomers, polyethylene glycol (PEG) bearing an average molecular weight Mn = 1000 g mol-1 was used as a macrodiol, which was reacted with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) to develop NCO-terminated prepolymer chains. These prepolymer chains were terminated with chain extenders. Two series of linear PU elastomers were prepared by varying the concentration of chain extenders (0.5-2.5 mol%), inducing a variation of 40 to 70 wt% in the hard segment (HS). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the formation of urethane linkages. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed a thermal stability of up to 250 °C. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) revealed a storage modulus (E') of up to 140 MPa. Furthermore, the hemolytic activities of up to 8.97 ± 0.1% were recorded. The inhibition of biofilm formation was investigated against E. coli and S. aureus (%), which was supported by phase contrast microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Akram
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad Faisalabad-38000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad Faisalabad-38000 Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mahmood Zia
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad Faisalabad-38000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad Faisalabad-38000 Pakistan
| | - Akbar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad Faisalabad-38000 Pakistan
| | - Rashad Al-Salahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem A Abuelizz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Cédric Delattre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) 1 Rue Descartes 75005 Paris France
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Bontempi M, Marchiori G, Petretta M, Capozza R, Grigolo B, Giavaresi G, Gambardella A. Nanomechanical Mapping of Three Dimensionally Printed Poly-ε-Caprolactone Single Microfibers at the Cell Scale for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:617. [PMID: 38132556 PMCID: PMC10742115 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8080617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) has been widely used in additive manufacturing for the construction of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. However, its use is limited by its lack of bioactivity and inability to induce cell adhesion, hence limiting bone tissue regeneration. Biomimicry is strongly influenced by the dynamics of cell-substrate interaction. Thus, characterizing scaffolds at the cell scale could help to better understand the relationship between surface mechanics and biological response. We conducted atomic force microscopy-based nanoindentation on 3D-printed PCL fibers of ~300 µm thickness and mapped the near-surface Young's modulus at loading forces below 50 nN. In this non-disruptive regime, force mapping did not show clear patterns in the spatial distribution of moduli or a relationship with the topographic asperities within a given region. Remarkably, we found that the average modulus increased linearly with the logarithm of the strain rate. Finally, a dependence of the moduli on the history of nanoindentation was demonstrated on locations of repeated nanoindentations, likely due to creep phenomena capable of hindering viscoelasticity. Our findings can contribute to the rational design of scaffolds for bone regeneration that are capable of inducing cell adhesion and proliferation. The methodologies described are potentially applicable to various tissue-engineered biopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bontempi
- Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (G.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Gregorio Marchiori
- Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (G.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Mauro Petretta
- REGENHU SA, Z.I Du Vivier 22, CH-1690 Villaz-St-Pierre, Switzerland;
| | - Rosario Capozza
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, UK;
| | - Brunella Grigolo
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (G.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Alessandro Gambardella
- Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (G.M.); (G.G.)
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Ling J, He C, Zhang S, Zhao Y, Zhu M, Tang X, Li Q, Xu L, Yang Y. Progress in methods for evaluating Schwann cell myelination and axonal growth in peripheral nerve regeneration via scaffolds. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1308761. [PMID: 38162183 PMCID: PMC10755477 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1308761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a neurological disorder caused by trauma that is frequently induced by accidents, war, and surgical complications, which is of global significance. The severity of the injury determines the potential for lifelong disability in patients. Artificial nerve scaffolds have been investigated as a powerful tool for promoting optimal regeneration of nerve defects. Over the past few decades, bionic scaffolds have been successfully developed to provide guidance and biological cues to facilitate Schwann cell myelination and orientated axonal growth. Numerous assessment techniques have been employed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of nerve scaffolds in promoting the growth of Schwann cells and axons upon the bioactivities of distinct scaffolds, which have encouraged a greater understanding of the biological mechanisms involved in peripheral nerve development and regeneration. However, it is still difficult to compare the results from different labs due to the diversity of protocols and the availability of innovative technologies when evaluating the effectiveness of novel artificial scaffolds. Meanwhile, due to the complicated process of peripheral nerve regeneration, several evaluation methods are usually combined in studies on peripheral nerve repair. Herein, we have provided an overview of the evaluation methods used to study the outcomes of scaffold-based therapies for PNI in experimental animal models and especially focus on Schwann cell functions and axonal growth within the regenerated nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Ling
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-Innovation Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chang He
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-Innovation Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shuxuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-Innovation Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yahong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-Innovation Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Meifeng Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-Innovation Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qiaoyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-Innovation Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Liming Xu
- Institute of Medical Device Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yumin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-Innovation Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Rakhmetova A, Yi Z, Sarmout M, Koole LH. Sustained Release of Voriconazole Using 3D-Crosslinked Hydrogel Rings and Rods for Use in Corneal Drug Delivery. Gels 2023; 9:933. [PMID: 38131919 PMCID: PMC10742393 DOI: 10.3390/gels9120933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal disorders and diseases are prevalent in the field of clinical ophthalmology. Fungal keratitis, one of the major factors leading to visual impairment and blindness worldwide, presents significant challenges for traditional topical eye drop treatments. The objective of this study was to create biocompatible 3D-crosslinked hydrogels for drug delivery to the cornea, intending to enhance the bioavailability of ophthalmic drugs. Firstly, a series of flexible and porous hydrogels were synthesized (free-radical polymerization), characterized, and evaluated. The materials were prepared by the free-radical polymerization reaction of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (also known as N-vinylpyrrolidone or NVP) and 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate (crosslinker) in the presence of polyethylene glycol 1000 (PEG-1000) as the porogen. After the physicochemical characterization of these materials, the chosen hydrogel demonstrated outstanding cytocompatibility in vitro. Subsequently, the selected porous hydrogels could be loaded with voriconazole, an antifungal medication. The procedure was adapted to realize a loading of 175 mg voriconazole per ring, which slightly exceeds the amount of voriconazole that is instilled into the eye via drop therapy (a single eye drop corresponds with approximately 100 mg voriconazole). The voriconazole-loaded rings exhibited a stable zero-order release pattern over the first two hours, which points to a significantly improved bioavailability of the drug. Ex vivo experiments using the established porcine eye model provided confirmation of a 10-fold increase in drug penetration into the cornea (after 2 h of application of the hydrogel ring, 35.8 ± 3.2% of the original dose is retrieved from the cornea, which compares with 3.9 ± 1% of the original dose in the case of eye drop therapy). These innovative hydrogel rods and rings show great potential for improving the bioavailability of ophthalmic drugs, which could potentially lead to reduced hospitalization durations and treatment expenses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Leo H. Koole
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; (A.R.); (Z.Y.); (M.S.)
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10
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Khalid MY, Arif ZU, Noroozi R, Hossain M, Ramakrishna S, Umer R. 3D/4D printing of cellulose nanocrystals-based biomaterials: Additives for sustainable applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126287. [PMID: 37573913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have gained significant attraction from both industrial and academic sectors, thanks to their biodegradability, non-toxicity, and renewability with remarkable mechanical characteristics. Desirable mechanical characteristics of CNCs include high stiffness, high strength, excellent flexibility, and large surface-to-volume ratio. Additionally, the mechanical properties of CNCs can be tailored through chemical modifications for high-end applications including tissue engineering, actuating, and biomedical. Modern manufacturing methods including 3D/4D printing are highly advantageous for developing sophisticated and intricate geometries. This review highlights the major developments of additive manufactured CNCs, which promote sustainable solutions across a wide range of applications. Additionally, this contribution also presents current challenges and future research directions of CNC-based composites developed through 3D/4D printing techniques for myriad engineering sectors including tissue engineering, wound healing, wearable electronics, robotics, and anti-counterfeiting applications. Overall, this review will greatly help research scientists from chemistry, materials, biomedicine, and other disciplines to comprehend the underlying principles, mechanical properties, and applications of additively manufactured CNC-based structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yasir Khalid
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box: 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Zia Ullah Arif
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Management & Technology Lahore, Sialkot Campus, 51041, Pakistan.
| | - Reza Noroozi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mokarram Hossain
- Zienkiewicz Institute for Modelling, Data and AI, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, SA1 8EN Swansea, UK.
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Rehan Umer
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box: 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Yang Y, Qiu B, Zhou Z, Hu C, Li J, Zhou C. Three-Dimensional Printing of Polycaprolactone/Nano-Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffolds with a Pore Size of 300/500 µm is Histocompatible and Promotes Osteogenesis Using Rabbit Cortical Bone Marrow Stem Cells. Ann Transplant 2023; 28:e940365. [PMID: 37904328 PMCID: PMC10625337 DOI: 10.12659/aot.940365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients have bone defects that exceed the healing size. This study aimed to construct polycaprolactone/nano-hydroxyapatite (PCL/nHA) composite scaffolds with different pore sizes and investigate the osteogenesis and histocompatibility of cortical bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs-C) seeded on it after inoculation. MATERIAL AND METHODS After mixing PCL and nHA proportionally, three-dimensional (3D) printing was used to print scaffolds. Porosity, compressive strength, and elastic modulus of PCL/nHA scaffolds were tested. The proliferation of BMSCs-C cells was examined and osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, and adipogenesis were evaluated. BMSCs-C cells were inoculated into 3D printing scaffolds, and histocompatibility between BMSCs-C cells and scaffolds was observed by the cell count kit (CCK-8) assay and LIVE/DEAD staining. After inoculating BMSCs-C cells into scaffolds, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium content were measured. RESULTS There was no obvious difference in characteristics between the 3 PCL/nHA composite scaffolds. The porosity, compressive strength, and elastic modulus of the 300/500-μm scaffold were between those of the 300-μm and 500-μm scaffolds. With increasing pore size, the mechanical properties of the scaffold decrease. BMSCs-C cells demonstrated faster growth and better osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation; therefore, BMSCs-C cells were selected as seed cells. PCL/nHA composite scaffolds with different pore sizes had no obvious toxicity and demonstrated good biocompatibility. All scaffolds showed higher ALP activity and calcium content. CONCLUSIONS The 300/500 μm mixed pore size scaffold took into account the mechanical properties of the 300 μm scaffold and the cell culture area of the 500 μm scaffold, therefore, 300/500 μm scaffold is a better model for the construction of tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Akram N, Shahzadi I, Zia KM, Saeed M, Ali A, Al-Salahi R, Abuelizz HA, Verpoort F. Fabrication and In Vitro Biological Assay of Thermo-Mechanically Tuned Chitosan Reinforced Polyurethane Composites. Molecules 2023; 28:7218. [PMID: 37894696 PMCID: PMC10608899 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive trend of utilizing bioactive materials constitutes diverse materials exhibiting biocompatibility. The innovative aspect of this research is the tuning of the thermo-mechanical behavior of polyurethane (PU) composites with improved biocompatibility for vibrant applications. Polycaprolactone (CAPA) Mn = 2000 g-mol-1 was used as a macrodiol, along with toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), to develop prepolymer chains, which were terminated with 1,4 butane diol (BD). The matrix was reinforced with various concentrations of chitosan (1-5 wt %). Two series of PU composites (PUT/PUH) based on aromatic and aliphatic diisocyanate were prepared by varying the hard segment (HS) ratio from 5 to 30 (wt %). The Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed the absence of an NCO peak at 1730 cm-1 in order to confirm polymer chain termination. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed optimum weight loss up to 500 °C. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed the complex modulus (E*) ≥ 200 MPa. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) proved the ordered structure and uniform distribution of chain extender in PU. The hemolytic activities were recorded up to 15.8 ± 1.5% for the PUH series. The optimum values for the inhibition of biofilm formation were recorded as 46.3 ± 1.8% against E. coli and S. aureus (%), which was supported by phase contrast microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Akram
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (I.S.); (K.M.Z.); (M.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Iram Shahzadi
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (I.S.); (K.M.Z.); (M.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Khalid Mahmood Zia
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (I.S.); (K.M.Z.); (M.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (I.S.); (K.M.Z.); (M.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Akbar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (I.S.); (K.M.Z.); (M.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Rashad Al-Salahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.-S.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Hatem A. Abuelizz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.-S.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Francis Verpoort
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China;
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13
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Zabihzadeh Khajavi M, Nikiforov A, Nilkar M, Devlieghere F, Ragaert P, De Geyter N. Degradable Plasma-Polymerized Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Like Coating as a Matrix for Food-Packaging Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2774. [PMID: 37887925 PMCID: PMC10609115 DOI: 10.3390/nano13202774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is considerable interest in seeking an environmentally friendly technique that is neither thermally nor organic solvent-dependent for producing advanced polymer films for food-packaging applications. Among different approaches, plasma polymerization is a promising method that can deposit biodegradable coatings on top of polymer films. In this study, an atmospheric-pressure aerosol-assisted plasma deposition method was employed to develop a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-like coating, which can act as a potential matrix for antimicrobial agents, by envisioning controlled-release food-packaging applications. Different plasma operating parameters, including the input power, monomer flow rate, and gap between the edge of the plasma head and substrate, were optimized to produce a PEG-like coating with a desirable water stability level and that can be biodegradable. The findings revealed that increased distance between the plasma head and substrate intensified gas-phase nucleation and diluted the active plasma species, which in turn led to the formation of a non-conformal rough coating. Conversely, at short plasma-substrate distances, smooth conformal coatings were obtained. Furthermore, at low input powers (<250 W), the chemical structure of the precursor was mostly preserved with a high retention of C-O functional groups due to limited monomer fragmentation. At the same time, these coatings exhibit low stability in water, which could be attributed to their low cross-linking degree. Increasing the power to 350 W resulted in the loss of the PEG-like chemical structure, which is due to the enhanced monomer fragmentation at high power. Nevertheless, owing to the enhanced cross-linking degree, these coatings were more stable in water. Finally, it could be concluded that a moderate input power (250-300 W) should be applied to obtain an acceptable tradeoff between the coating stability and PEG resemblance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zabihzadeh Khajavi
- Research Unit Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (F.D.); (P.R.)
- Research Unit Plasma Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (A.N.); (M.N.); (N.D.G.)
| | - Anton Nikiforov
- Research Unit Plasma Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (A.N.); (M.N.); (N.D.G.)
| | - Maryam Nilkar
- Research Unit Plasma Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (A.N.); (M.N.); (N.D.G.)
| | - Frank Devlieghere
- Research Unit Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (F.D.); (P.R.)
| | - Peter Ragaert
- Research Unit Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (F.D.); (P.R.)
| | - Nathalie De Geyter
- Research Unit Plasma Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (A.N.); (M.N.); (N.D.G.)
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14
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Navasingh RJH, Gurunathan MK, Nikolova MP, Królczyk JB. Sustainable Bioplastics for Food Packaging Produced from Renewable Natural Sources. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3760. [PMID: 37765615 PMCID: PMC10534797 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It is crucial to find an effective, environmentally acceptable solution, such as bioplastics or biodegradable plastics, to the world's rising plastics demand and the resulting ecological destruction. This study has focused on the environmentally friendly production of bioplastic samples derived from corn starch, rice starch, and tapioca starch, with various calcium carbonate filler concentrations as binders. Two different plasticizers, glycerol and sorbitol, were employed singly and in a rich blend. To test the differences in the physical and chemical properties (water content, absorption of moisture, water solubility, dissolution rate in alcohol, biodegradation in soil, tensile strength, elastic modulus, and FT-IR) of the produced samples, nine samples from each of the three types of bioplastics were produced using various ratios and blends of the fillers and plasticizers. The produced bioplastic samples have a multitude of features that make them appropriate for a variety of applications. The test results show that the starch-based bioplastics that have been suggested would be a better alternative material to be used in the packaging sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Jesudoss Hynes Navasingh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi 626005, Tamil Nadu, India;
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Opole University of Technology, Proszkowska 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland;
| | - Manoj Kumar Gurunathan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi 626005, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Maria P. Nikolova
- Department of Material Science and Technology, University of Ruse “Angel Kanchev”, 8 Studentska Street, 7017 Ruse, Bulgaria;
| | - Jolanta B. Królczyk
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Opole University of Technology, Proszkowska 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland;
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15
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Embirsh HSA, Stajčić I, Gržetić J, Mladenović IO, Anđelković B, Marinković A, Vuksanović MM. Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Biobased Unsaturated Polyester Resin Reinforced with Unmodified/Modified Biosilica Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3756. [PMID: 37765610 PMCID: PMC10536958 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents sustainable technology for environmentally friendly composite production. Biobased unsaturated polyester resin (b-UPR), synthesized from waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) glycosylate and renewable origin maleic anhydride (MAnh) and propylene glycol (PG), was reinforced with unmodified and vinyl-modified biosilica nanoparticles obtained from rice husk. The structural and morphological properties of the obtained particles, b-UPR, as well as composites, were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The study of the influence of biosilica modification on the mechanical properties of composites was supported by hardness modeling. Improvement of the tensile strength of the b-UPR-based composite at 2.5 wt.% addition of biosilica modified with vinyl silane, named "b-UPR/SiO2-V" composite, has been achieved with 88% increase. The thermal aging process applied to the b-UPR/SiO2-V composite, which simulates use over the product's lifetime, leads to the deterioration of composites that were used as fillers in commercial unsaturated polyester resin (c-UPR). The grinded artificially aged b-UPR composites were used as filler in c-UPR for the production of a table top layer with outstanding mechanical properties, i.e., impact resistance and microhardness, as well as fire resistance rated in the V-0 category according to the UL-94 test. Developing sustainable composites that are chemically synthesized from renewable sources is important from the aspect of preserving the environment and existing resources as well as the extending their life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivana Stajčić
- Department of Physical Chemistry, "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Ivana O Mladenović
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Boban Anđelković
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg, 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Marinković
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija M Vuksanović
- Department of Chemical Dynamics and Permanent Education, "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia
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16
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Shu J, Wang J, Li Z, Tong KYR. Effects of Slit Edge Notches on Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed PA12 Nylon Kirigami Specimens. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3082. [PMID: 37514471 PMCID: PMC10383772 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Kirigami structures, a Japanese paper-cutting art form, has been widely adopted in engineering design, including robotics, biomedicine, energy harvesting, and sensing. This study investigated the effects of slit edge notches on the mechanical properties, particularly the tensile stiffness, of 3D-printed PA12 nylon kirigami specimens. Thirty-five samples were designed with various notch sizes and shapes and printed using a commercial 3D printer with multi-jet fusion (MJF) technique. Finite element analysis (FEA) was employed to determine the mechanical properties of the samples computationally. The results showed that the stiffness of the kirigami samples is positively correlated with the number of edges in the notch shape and quadratically negatively correlated with the notch area of the samples. The mathematical relationship between the stretching tensile stiffness of the samples and their notch area was established and explained from an energy perspective. The relationship established in this study can help fine-tune the stiffness of kirigami-inspired structures without altering the primary parameters of kirigami samples. With the rapid fabrication method (e.g., 3D printing technique), the kirigami samples with suitable mechanical properties can be potentially applied to planar springs for hinge structures or energy-absorbing/harvesting structures. These findings will provide valuable insights into the development and optimization of kirigami-inspired structures for various applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Junming Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Kai-Yu Raymond Tong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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17
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Andronov V, Beránek L, Krůta V, Hlavůňková L, Jeníková Z. Overview and Comparison of PLA Filaments Commercially Available in Europe for FFF Technology. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3065. [PMID: 37514454 PMCID: PMC10386515 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive techno-economic analysis of PLA materials for fused filament fabrication (FFF) from eight European manufacturers. The comparison involved rigorous experimental assessments of the mechanical properties, dimensional accuracy, and print quality using standardized methods and equipment such as tensile and CT testing. What makes this study unique is the consistent methodology applied, considering factors such as material color, printing temperature, printing orientation, filament diameter, and printer selection, to ensure meaningful and reliable results. Contrary to the common belief that a higher price implies better quality, the study revealed that the second cheapest PLA material achieved the best overall performance within the methodology employed. The study also confirmed certain observations, such as the influence of printing orientation and geometry on dimensional accuracy and mechanical properties, as well as the significant disparities between manufacturer-provided values and actual measured mechanical properties, highlighting the importance of experimental verification. Hence, the findings of this study hold value not only for the scientific community but also for hobbyist printers and beginners in the 3D printing realm seeking guidance in material selection for their projects. Furthermore, the methodology employed in this research can be adapted for evaluating a broad range of other 3D printing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Andronov
- Department of Machining, Process Planning and Metrology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, The Czech Technical University in Prague, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Beránek
- Department of Machining, Process Planning and Metrology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, The Czech Technical University in Prague, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Krůta
- Department of Machining, Process Planning and Metrology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, The Czech Technical University in Prague, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Hlavůňková
- Department of Machining, Process Planning and Metrology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, The Czech Technical University in Prague, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Jeníková
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, The Czech Technical University in Prague, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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18
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Hevilla V, Sonseca Á, Fernández-García M. Straightforward Enzymatic Methacrylation of Poly(Glycerol Adipate) for Potential Applications as UV Curing Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3050. [PMID: 37514438 PMCID: PMC10383392 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic one-pot synthesis procedures in a one-step and two-step monomers addition were developed to obtain poly(glycerol adipate) macromers with methacrylate end-functional groups under the presence of 1 and 3 wt% of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB). Glycerol, divinyl adipate, and vinyl methacrylate were enzymatically reacted (vinyl methacrylate was either present from the beginning in the monomers solution or slowly dropped after 6 h of reaction) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 40 °C over 48 h. Macromers with a methacrylate end groups fraction of ≈52% in a simple one-pot one-step procedure were obtained with molecular weights (Mn) of ≈7500-7900 g/mol. The obtained products under the one-pot one-step and two steps synthesis procedures carried out using 1 and 3 wt% of a CALB enzymatic catalyst were profusely characterized by NMR (1H and 13C), MALDI-TOF MS, and SEC. The methacrylate functional macromers obtained with the different procedures and 1 wt% of CALB were combined with an Irgacure® 369 initiator to undergo homopolymerization under UV irradiation for 10 and 30 min, in order to test their potential to obtain amorphous networks within minutes with similar properties to those typically obtained by complex acrylation/methacrylation procedures, which need multiple purification steps and harsh reagents such as acyl chlorides. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that it has been demonstrated that the obtention of methacrylate-functional predominantly linear macromers based on poly(glycerol adipate) is able to be UV crosslinked in a simple one-step procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Hevilla
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Platform for "Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy" (SUSPLAST-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Águeda Sonseca
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Fernández-García
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Platform for "Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy" (SUSPLAST-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
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19
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Noroozi R, Arif ZU, Taghvaei H, Khalid MY, Sahbafar H, Hadi A, Sadeghianmaryan A, Chen X. 3D and 4D Bioprinting Technologies: A Game Changer for the Biomedical Sector? Ann Biomed Eng 2023:10.1007/s10439-023-03243-9. [PMID: 37261588 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03243-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Bioprinting is an innovative and emerging technology of additive manufacturing (AM) and has revolutionized the biomedical sector by printing three-dimensional (3D) cell-laden constructs in a precise and controlled manner for numerous clinical applications. This approach uses biomaterials and varying types of cells to print constructs for tissue regeneration, e.g., cardiac, bone, corneal, cartilage, neural, and skin. Furthermore, bioprinting technology helps to develop drug delivery and wound healing systems, bio-actuators, bio-robotics, and bio-sensors. More recently, the development of four-dimensional (4D) bioprinting technology and stimuli-responsive materials has transformed the biomedical sector with numerous innovations and revolutions. This issue also leads to the exponential growth of the bioprinting market, with a value over billions of dollars. The present study reviews the concepts and developments of 3D and 4D bioprinting technologies, surveys the applications of these technologies in the biomedical sector, and discusses their potential research topics for future works. It is also urged that collaborative and valiant efforts from clinicians, engineers, scientists, and regulatory bodies are needed for translating this technology into the biomedical, pharmaceutical, and healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Noroozi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zia Ullah Arif
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Management & Technology, Lahore, Sialkot Campus, Lahore, 51041, Pakistan
| | - Hadi Taghvaei
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Muhammad Yasir Khalid
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box: 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hossein Sahbafar
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Hadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Ali Sadeghianmaryan
- Postdoctoral Researcher Fellow at Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, SK, S7N5A9, Canada.
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, SK, S7N5A9, Canada
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20
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Ye R, Liu S, Zhu W, Li Y, Huang L, Zhang G, Zhang Y. Synthesis, Characterization, Properties, and Biomedical Application of Chitosan-Based Hydrogels. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2482. [PMID: 37299281 PMCID: PMC10255636 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The prospective applications of chitosan-based hydrogels (CBHs), a category of biocompatible and biodegradable materials, in biomedical disciplines such as tissue engineering, wound healing, drug delivery, and biosensing have garnered great interest. The synthesis and characterization processes used to create CBHs play a significant role in determining their characteristics and effectiveness. The qualities of CBHs might be greatly influenced by tailoring the manufacturing method to get certain traits, including porosity, swelling, mechanical strength, and bioactivity. Additionally, characterization methods aid in gaining access to the microstructures and properties of CBHs. Herein, this review provides a comprehensive assessment of the state-of-the-art with a focus on the affiliation between particular properties and domains in biomedicine. Moreover, this review highlights the beneficial properties and wide application of stimuli-responsive CBHs. The main obstacles and prospects for the future of CBH development for biomedical applications are also covered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixi Ye
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (R.Y.); (S.L.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Siyu Liu
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (R.Y.); (S.L.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Wenkai Zhu
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (R.Y.); (S.L.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Yurong Li
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (R.Y.); (S.L.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (G.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Long Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan 430072, China;
| | - Guozheng Zhang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (R.Y.); (S.L.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (G.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Yeshun Zhang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (R.Y.); (S.L.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (G.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
- Zhenjiang Zhongnong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang 212121, China
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21
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Cai H, Xu X, Lu X, Zhao M, Jia Q, Jiang HB, Kwon JS. Dental Materials Applied to 3D and 4D Printing Technologies: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102405. [PMID: 37242980 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technologies have matured, three-dimensional (3D) printing materials suitable for dentistry have attracted considerable research interest, owing to their high efficiency and low cost for clinical treatment. Three-dimensional printing technology, also known as additive manufacturing, has developed rapidly over the last forty years, with gradual application in various fields from industry to dental sciences. Four-dimensional (4D) printing, defined as the fabrication of complex spontaneous structures that change over time in response to external stimuli in expected ways, includes the increasingly popular bioprinting. Existing 3D printing materials have varied characteristics and scopes of application; therefore, categorization is required. This review aims to classify, summarize, and discuss dental materials for 3D printing and 4D printing from a clinical perspective. Based on these, this review describes four major materials, i.e., polymers, metals, ceramics, and biomaterials. The manufacturing process of 3D printing and 4D printing materials, their characteristics, applicable printing technologies, and clinical application scope are described in detail. Furthermore, the development of composite materials for 3D printing is the main focus of future research, as combining multiple materials can improve the materials' properties. Updates in material sciences play important roles in dentistry; hence, the emergence of newer materials are expected to promote further innovations in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- HongXin Cai
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaotong Xu
- The CONVERSATIONALIST Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Xinyue Lu
- The CONVERSATIONALIST Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Menghua Zhao
- The CONVERSATIONALIST Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Qi Jia
- The CONVERSATIONALIST Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Heng-Bo Jiang
- The CONVERSATIONALIST Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Jae-Sung Kwon
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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