1
|
Aktar S, Baghaie H, Islam F, Gopalan V, Lam AKY. Current Status of Circulating Tumor Cells in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Review. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 168:988-1005. [PMID: 36939466 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are found in the blood of patients with cancer, including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). The aim is to review the most up-to-date status of CTCs for applications in patients with HNSCC. DATA SOURCES English articles in PubMed. REVIEW METHODS All the studies on CTCs in HNSCCs in the literature were reviewed. CONCLUSIONS There is emerging information on the diagnostic and prognostic value of CTCs in HNSCCs. Evidence also highlights the advantages of various downstream analysis approaches over circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), such as single-CTC analysis, ex vivo, and in vivo expansion of CTCs. Multiple phenotypic surface markers (cytokeratins, EpCAM, vimentin, etc.), used for CTCs characterization using different immunoassays, could predict disease progression as well as patients' response to treatment efficacy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors' status in CTCs could also provide better insight into treatment. Clonal expansion of CTCs and single-cell analysis of CTCs are the most emerging fields nowadays which may offer an understanding of the mechanism of tumor evolution as well as therapeutic efficacy. Although several clinical trials are ongoing, limitations still exist in the detection and characterization of CTCs. Due to the lack of a gold standard protocol, the sensitivity and specificity of CTC enumeration methods vary. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Prospective clinical trials are still needed before CTCs can be employed as diagnostic and prognostic markers in the clinical management of patients with HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin Aktar
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Hooman Baghaie
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - Farhadul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Vinod Gopalan
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Alfred King-Yin Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Pathology Queensland, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang R, Wang X, Yin L, Yin L, Chu GCY, Hu P, Ou Y, Zhang Y, Lewis MS, Pandol SJ. Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells Acquire Heterogeneity during Successive Co-Culture with Hematopoietic and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells. Cells 2022; 11:3553. [PMID: 36428982 PMCID: PMC9688235 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During disease progression and bone metastasis, breast tumor cells interact with various types of bystander cells residing in the tumor microenvironment. Such interactions prompt tumor cell heterogeneity. We used successive co-culture as an experimental model to examine cancer-bystander cell interaction. RMCF7-2, a clone of the human breast cancer MCF-7 cells tagged with a red fluorescent protein, was tracked for morphologic, behavioral, and gene expression changes. Co-cultured with various types of hematopoietic cells, RMCF7-2 adopted stable changes to a rounded shape in suspension growth of red fluorescent cells, from which derivative clones displayed marked expressional changes of marker proteins, including reduced E-cadherin and estrogen receptor α, and loss of progesterone receptor. In a successive co-culture with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, the red fluorescent clones in suspension growth changed once more, adopting an attachment growth, but in diversified shapes. Red fluorescent clones recovered from the second-round co-culture were heterogeneous in morphology, but retained the altered marker protein expression while displaying increased proliferation, migration, and xenograft tumor formation. Interaction with bystander cells caused permanent morphologic, growth behavioral, and gene expressional changes under successive co-culture, which is a powerful model for studying cancer cell heterogeneity during breast cancer progression and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxiang Wang
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Liyuan Yin
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Lijuan Yin
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Gina Chia-Yi Chu
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Peizhen Hu
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Yan Ou
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Michael S. Lewis
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Pathology, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Stephen J. Pandol
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Functional Precision Oncology: The Next Frontier to Improve Glioblastoma Outcome? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158637. [PMID: 35955765 PMCID: PMC9369403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma remains the most malignant and intrinsically resistant brain tumour in adults. Despite intensive research over the past few decades, through which numerous potentially druggable targets have been identified, virtually all clinical trials of the past 20 years have failed to improve the outcome for the vast majority of GBM patients. The observation that small subgroups of patients displayed a therapeutic response across several unsuccessful clinical trials suggests that the GBM patient population probably consists of multiple subgroups that probably all require a distinct therapeutic approach. Due to extensive inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity, assigning the right therapy to each patient remains a major challenge. Classically, bulk genetic profiling would be used to identify suitable therapies, although the success of this approach remains limited due to tumor heterogeneity and the absence of direct relationships between mutations and therapy responses in GBM. An attractive novel strategy aims at implementing methods for functional precision oncology, which refers to the evaluation of treatment efficacies and vulnerabilities of (ex vivo) living tumor cells in a highly personalized way. Such approaches are currently being implemented for other cancer types by providing rapid, translatable information to guide patient-tailored therapeutic selections. In this review, we discuss the current state of the art of transforming technologies, tools and challenges for functional precision oncology and how these could improve therapy selection for GBM patients.
Collapse
|
4
|
De Renzi G, De Marco G, De Meo M, Del Rosso E, Gazzaniga P, Nicolazzo C. In vitro cultures of circulating tumor cells: a potential tool to unravel drug sensitivity. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2022; 5:245-260. [PMID: 35582538 PMCID: PMC8992597 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2021.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since taking part as leading actors in driving the metastatic process, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have displayed a wide range of potential applications in the cancer-related research field. Besides their well-proved prognostic value, the role of CTCs in both predictive and diagnostics terms might be extremely informative about cancer properties and therefore highly helpful in the clinical decision-making process. Unfortunately, CTCs are scarcely released in the blood circulation and their counts vary a lot among different types of cancer, therefore CTC detection and consequent characterization are still highly challenging. In this context, in vitro CTC cultures could potentially offer a great opportunity to expand the number of tumor cells isolated at different stages of the disease and thus simplify the analysis of their biological and molecular features, allowing a deeper comprehension of the nature of neoplastic diseases. The aim of this review is to highlight the main attempts to establish in vitro CTC cultures from patients harboring different tumor types in order to highlight how powerful this practice could be, especially in optimizing the therapeutic strategies available in clinical practice and potentially preventing or contrasting the development of treatment resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi De Renzi
- Cancer Liquid Biopsy Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Giulia De Marco
- Cancer Liquid Biopsy Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Michela De Meo
- Cancer Liquid Biopsy Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Eleonora Del Rosso
- Cancer Liquid Biopsy Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Paola Gazzaniga
- Cancer Liquid Biopsy Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Chiara Nicolazzo
- Cancer Liquid Biopsy Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cell Lines of Circulating Tumor Cells: What Is Known and What Needs to Be Resolved. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050666. [PMID: 35629089 PMCID: PMC9148030 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of circulating tumor cells (CTC) is well recognized. However, the biological characteristics of CTC in the bloodstream have not yet been examined in detail, due to the limited number of CTC cell lines currently available. Thirty-nine CTC cell lines were reported by 2021. For successful cell culturing, these CTC cell lines were reviewed. Previous studies on short-term cultures of CTC also analyzed approaches for establishing the long-term culture of CTC. Negative selection, hypoxic conditions, three-dimensional conditions, and careful management are preferable for the long-term culture of CTC. However, the establishment of CTC cell lines is dependent on the specific characteristics of each cell type. Therefore, a method to establish CTC cell lines has not yet been developed. Further efforts are needed to resolve this issue.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhou H, Zhu L, Song J, Wang G, Li P, Li W, Luo P, Sun X, Wu J, Liu Y, Zhu S, Zhang Y. Liquid biopsy at the frontier of detection, prognosis and progression monitoring in colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:86. [PMID: 35337361 PMCID: PMC8951719 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01556-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and a leading cause of carcinogenic death. To date, surgical resection is regarded as the gold standard by the operator for clinical decisions. Because conventional tissue biopsy is invasive and only a small sample can sometimes be obtained, it is unable to represent the heterogeneity of tumor or dynamically monitor tumor progression. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a new minimally invasive or noninvasive diagnostic strategy to detect CRC at an early stage and monitor CRC recurrence. Over the past years, a new diagnostic concept called “liquid biopsy” has gained much attention. Liquid biopsy is noninvasive, allowing repeated analysis and real-time monitoring of tumor recurrence, metastasis or therapeutic responses. With the advanced development of new molecular techniques in CRC, circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), exosomes, and tumor-educated platelet (TEP) detection have achieved interesting and inspiring results as the most prominent liquid biopsy markers. In this review, we focused on some clinical applications of CTCs, ctDNA, exosomes and TEPs and discuss promising future applications to solve unmet clinical needs in CRC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.,Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Liyong Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Jun Song
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Guohui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Pengzhou Li
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Weizheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Ping Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Xulong Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Yunze Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Shaihong Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang R, Nissen NN, Zhang Y, Shao C, Chu CY, Huynh C, Posadas EM, Tomlinson JS, Lewis MS, Pandol SJ. Circulating Fatty Objects and Their Preferential Presence in Pancreatic Cancer Patient Blood Samples. Front Physiol 2022; 13:827531. [PMID: 35237181 PMCID: PMC8883044 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.827531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cancers are often complicated with increased incidences of blood vessel occlusion, which are mostly insensitive to anticoagulation therapy. We searched for causal factors of cancer-associated embolism. A total of 2,017 blood samples was examined for visible abnormalities. Examined were peripheral blood samples from cancer patients who were about to undergo surgical treatment for genitourinary, breast, gastrointestinal or abdominal tumors. Samples from ambulatory patients being treated for recurrent or castration-resistant prostate cancers were included in the study. The lipid-rich nature was studied with lipophilic stains and lipid panel analysis, while surface membrane was assessed with specific staining and antibody detection. We identified a new entity, lipid droplet-like objects or circulating fatty objects (CFOs), visible in the blood samples of many cancer patients, with the potential of causing embolism. CFOs were defined as lipid-rich objects with a membrane, capable of gaining in volume through interaction with peripheral blood mononuclear cells in ex vivo culture. Blood samples from pancreatic cancer patients were found to have the highest CFO incidence and largest CFO numbers. Most noticeably, CFOs from many pancreatic cancer samples presented as large clusters entangled in insoluble fiber networks, suggestive of intravascular clotting. This study identifies CFO as an abnormal entity in cancer patient blood, and a contributory factor to intravascular embolism during cancer development and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxiang Wang
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas N. Nissen
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Chen Shao
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Chia-Yi Chu
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Carissa Huynh
- Biobank and Translational Research Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Edwin M. Posadas
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - James S. Tomlinson
- Department of Surgery, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michael S. Lewis
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pathology, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Stephen J. Pandol
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Enkhbat M, Liu Y, Kim J, Xu Y, Yin Z, Liu T, Deng C, Zou C, Xie X, Li X, Wang P. Expansion of Rare Cancer Cells into Tumoroids for Therapeutic Regimen and Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myagmartsend Enkhbat
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yung‐Chiang Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Jua Kim
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Yanshan Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Zongyi Yin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery General Hospital of Shenzhen University Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Tzu‐Ming Liu
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Macau Macao 999078 China
| | - Chu‐Xia Deng
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Macau Macao 999078 China
| | - Chang Zou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University Shenzhen People's Hospital Shenzhen Guangdong 518020 China
| | - Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies School of Electronics and Information Technology Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Xiaowu Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery General Hospital of Shenzhen University Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Peng‐Yuan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Swinburne University of Technology Victoria 3122 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Carmona-Ule N, González-Conde M, Abuín C, Cueva JF, Palacios P, López-López R, Costa C, Dávila-Ibáñez AB. Short-Term Ex Vivo Culture of CTCs from Advance Breast Cancer Patients: Clinical Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112668. [PMID: 34071445 PMCID: PMC8198105 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are responsible for metastasis, they represent tumor biology and have also predictive value for therapy monitoring and prognosis of metastatic breast cancer patients. In the blood, CTCs are found in low frequency and a small percentage of them survive. Therefore, achieving their expansion in vitro will allow performing characterization and functional analysis. In this work, we used growth factors and Nanoemulsions to support CTCs culture. We have seen that the CTCs subpopulation capable of ex vivo expanding presented mesenchymal and stem characteristics and loss of epithelial markers. Besides, CTC culture predicted progression-free survival. Abstract Background: Circulating tumor cells (CTC) have relevance as prognostic markers in breast cancer. However, the functional properties of CTCs or their molecular characterization have not been well-studied. Experimental models indicate that only a few cells can survive in the circulation and eventually metastasize. Thus, it is essential to identify these surviving cells capable of forming such metastases. Methods: We isolated viable CTCs from 50 peripheral blood samples obtained from 35 patients with advanced metastatic breast cancer using RosetteSepTM for ex vivo culture. The CTCs were seeded and monitored on plates under low adherence conditions and with media supplemented with growth factors and Nanoemulsions. Phenotypic analysis was performed by immunofluorescence and gene expression analysis using RT-PCR and CTCs counting by the Cellsearch® system. Results: We found that in 75% of samples the CTC cultures lasted more than 23 days, predicting a shorter Progression-Free Survival in these patients, independently of having ≥5 CTC by Cellsearch®. We also observed that CTCs before and after culture showed a different gene expression profile. Conclusions: the cultivability of CTCs is a predictive factor. Furthermore, the subset of cells capable of growing ex vivo show stem or mesenchymal features and may represent the CTC population with metastatic potential in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Carmona-Ule
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (N.C.-U.); (M.G.-C.); (C.A.); (R.L.-L.)
| | - Miriam González-Conde
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (N.C.-U.); (M.G.-C.); (C.A.); (R.L.-L.)
- CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Carmen Abuín
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (N.C.-U.); (M.G.-C.); (C.A.); (R.L.-L.)
| | - Juan F. Cueva
- CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.C.); (P.P.)
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Medical Oncology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Patricia Palacios
- CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.C.); (P.P.)
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Medical Oncology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rafael López-López
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (N.C.-U.); (M.G.-C.); (C.A.); (R.L.-L.)
- CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.C.); (P.P.)
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Medical Oncology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Clotilde Costa
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (N.C.-U.); (M.G.-C.); (C.A.); (R.L.-L.)
- CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.C.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (A.B.D.-I.); Tel.: +34-981-955-602 (C.C.)
| | - Ana Belén Dávila-Ibáñez
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (N.C.-U.); (M.G.-C.); (C.A.); (R.L.-L.)
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (A.B.D.-I.); Tel.: +34-981-955-602 (C.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Smit DJ, Pantel K, Jücker M. Circulating tumor cells as a promising target for individualized drug susceptibility tests in cancer therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 188:114589. [PMID: 33932470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play a crucial role in metastasis and became an emerging topic in today's cancer research. In addition, the analysis of CTCs in liquid biopsies will be a valuable tool for prognosis prediction and real time therapy monitoring. The characterization of CTCs may open up a new field of treatment strategy to prevent metastasis or maintain a stable disease. In 2013, the first cell cultures of CTCs have been established in vitro. Additionally, functional studies have been successfully performed over the last years. Meanwhile, more than 300 short-term CTC cultures and 42 long-term CTC cultures from a variety of tumor entities have been described. More than 45 inhibitors have already been tested for their efficacy to target CTCs in several studies in vitro as well as in xenograft mouse models in vivo. Here, we summarize the currently available data of these inhibition experiments and their effects in targeting CTCs. The results suggest that CTCs may be useful for individualized drug susceptibility testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Smit
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Jücker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Teng T, Kamal M, Iriondo O, Amzaleg Y, Luo C, Thomas A, Lee G, Hsu CJ, Nguyen JD, Kang I, Hicks J, Smith A, Sposto R, Yu M. N-Acetyl-L-cysteine Promotes Ex Vivo Growth and Expansion of Single Circulating Tumor Cells by Mitigating Cellular Stress Responses. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 19:441-450. [PMID: 33303691 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTC) can be isolated via a minimally invasive blood draw and are considered a "liquid biopsy" of their originating solid tumors. CTCs contain a small subset of metastatic precursors that can form metastases in secondary organs and provide a resource to identify mechanisms underlying metastasis-initiating properties. Despite technological advancements that allow for highly sensitive approaches of detection and isolation, CTCs are very rare and often present as single cells, posing an extreme challenge for ex vivo expansion after isolation. Here, using previously established patient-derived CTC lines, we performed a small-molecule drug screen to identify compounds that can improve ex vivo culture efficiency for single CTCs. We found that N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and other antioxidants can promote ex vivo expansion of single CTCs, by reducing oxidative and other stress particularly at the initial stage of single-cell expansion. RNA-seq analysis of growing clones and nongrowing clones confirmed the effect by NAC, but also indicates that NAC-induced decrease in oxidative stress is insufficient for promoting proliferation of a subset of cells with predominant senescent features. Despite the challenge in expanding all CTCs, NAC treatment led to establishment of single CTC clones that have similar tumorigenic features. IMPLICATIONS: Through a small molecule screen and validation study, we found that NAC could improve the success of ex vivo expansion of single CTCs by mitigating the initial stress, with the potential to facilitate the investigation of functional heterogeneity in CTCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Teng
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,The Second XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, ChangSha, HuNan, China
| | - Mohamed Kamal
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Benha, Benha, Egypt
| | - Oihana Iriondo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yonatan Amzaleg
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chunqiao Luo
- Biostatistics Core, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Amal Thomas
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, USC David and Dana Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Grace Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ching-Ju Hsu
- Bridge Institute, USC David and Dana Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - John D Nguyen
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Irene Kang
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - James Hicks
- Bridge Institute, USC David and Dana Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andrew Smith
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, USC David and Dana Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Richard Sposto
- Biostatistics Core, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California. .,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ex Vivo Expansion and Drug Sensitivity Profiling of Circulating Tumor Cells from Patients with Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113394. [PMID: 33207745 PMCID: PMC7696848 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an overly aggressive cancer characterized by rapid growth, early metastatic spread, and consequently reducing overall survival. As cancer manifestations can differ uniquely between various types, the rapid proliferation of circulating tumor cells (CTC) originating from SCLC was an adequate sample resource to aid the headway in our drug screening technique. With biomarker detection of liquid biopsy as an emerging tool to assist decision-making in personalized cancer pharmacotherapy. In this study, we developed a rapid and reproducible system for preclinical drug testing via the use of a unique CTCs expansion protocol. The expanded CTCs from SCLC formed multiple types of tumorsphere structures and expressed SCLC-specific tumor markers. The drug sensitivity assessment gathered from in vitro expansion of CTCs was able to generate positive clinical therapeutic outcomes. Thus, SCLC patient-derived CTC spheroids are a useful resource for biomarker development and drug sensitivity assessment providing “real-world” therapeutic response circumstances. Abstract Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) represents one of the most aggressive malignancies among cancer types. Not only tumor sample availability is limited, but also the ability for tumor cells to rapidly acquire drug resistance are the rate-limiting bottlenecks for overall survival in current clinical settings. A liquid biopsy capable of capturing and enriching circulating tumor cells (CTCs), together with the possibility of drug screening, is a promising solution. Here, we illustrate the development of a highly efficient ex vivo CTC expansion system based on binary colloidal crystals substrate. Clinical samples were enrolled from 22 patients with SCLC in the study. The CTCs were enriched and expanded from the collected peripheral blood samples. Expanded cells were analyzed for protein expression and observed for drug sensitivity with the use of immunofluorescence and ATP titer evaluation, respectively. Successful CTC spheroid proliferation was established after 4 weeks within 82% of all the collected peripheral blood samples from enrolled patients. Upon immunofluorescence analysis, the enriched cells showed positive markers for EpCAM, TTF-1, synaptophysin and negative for CD45. Additionally, the expanded CTCs demonstrated marked heterogeneity in the expression of E-cadherin and N-cadherin. In a preliminary case series, the drug sensitivity of patient-derived CTC to cisplatin and etoposide was studied to see the correlation with the corresponding therapeutic outcome. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that it is possible to efficiently expand CTCs from SCLC within a clinically relevant time frame; the biomarker information generated from enriched CTCs can assist the selection of effective drugs and improve disease outcome.
Collapse
|
13
|
Özkayar G, Mutlu E, Şahin Ş, Demircan Yalçın Y, Töral T, Külah H, Yildirim E, Zorlu Ö, Özgür E. A Novel Microfluidic Method Utilizing a Hydrofoil Structure to Improve Circulating Tumor Cell Enrichment: Design and Analytical Validation. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11110981. [PMID: 33143378 PMCID: PMC7693848 DOI: 10.3390/mi11110981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Being one of the major pillars of liquid biopsy, isolation and characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) during cancer management provides critical information on the evolution of cancer and has great potential to increase the success of therapies. In this article, we define a novel strategy to effectively enrich CTCs from whole blood based on size, utilizing a spiral microfluidic channel embedded with a hydrofoil structure at the downstream of the spiral channel. The hydrofoil increases the distance between the streams of CTCs and peripheral blood cells, which are already distributed about two focal axes by the spiral channel, thereby improving the resolution of the separation. Analytical validation of the system has been carried out using Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF7) breast cancer cell lines spiked into blood samples from healthy donors, and the performance of the system in terms of white blood cell (WBC) depletion, CTC recovery rate and cell viability has been shown in single or two-step process: by passing the sample once or twice through the microfluidic chip. Single step process yielded high recovery (77.1%), viable (84.7%) CTCs. When the collected cell suspension is re-processed by the same chip, recovery decreases to 65.5%, while the WBC depletion increases to 88.3%, improving the purity. Cell viability of >80% was preserved after two-step process. The novel microfluidic chip is a good candidate for CTC isolation applications requiring high recovery rate and viability, including functional downstream analyses for variety of cancer types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gürhan Özkayar
- Mikro Biyosistemler A.Ş., ODTÜ Teknokent MET Yerleskesi, No:280/B/10, Ankara 06530, Turkey; (G.Ö.); (E.M.); (Ş.Ş.); (Y.D.Y.); (T.T.); (H.K.); (E.Y.); (Ö.Z.)
| | - Ege Mutlu
- Mikro Biyosistemler A.Ş., ODTÜ Teknokent MET Yerleskesi, No:280/B/10, Ankara 06530, Turkey; (G.Ö.); (E.M.); (Ş.Ş.); (Y.D.Y.); (T.T.); (H.K.); (E.Y.); (Ö.Z.)
| | - Şebnem Şahin
- Mikro Biyosistemler A.Ş., ODTÜ Teknokent MET Yerleskesi, No:280/B/10, Ankara 06530, Turkey; (G.Ö.); (E.M.); (Ş.Ş.); (Y.D.Y.); (T.T.); (H.K.); (E.Y.); (Ö.Z.)
| | - Yağmur Demircan Yalçın
- Mikro Biyosistemler A.Ş., ODTÜ Teknokent MET Yerleskesi, No:280/B/10, Ankara 06530, Turkey; (G.Ö.); (E.M.); (Ş.Ş.); (Y.D.Y.); (T.T.); (H.K.); (E.Y.); (Ö.Z.)
| | - Taylan Töral
- Mikro Biyosistemler A.Ş., ODTÜ Teknokent MET Yerleskesi, No:280/B/10, Ankara 06530, Turkey; (G.Ö.); (E.M.); (Ş.Ş.); (Y.D.Y.); (T.T.); (H.K.); (E.Y.); (Ö.Z.)
| | - Haluk Külah
- Mikro Biyosistemler A.Ş., ODTÜ Teknokent MET Yerleskesi, No:280/B/10, Ankara 06530, Turkey; (G.Ö.); (E.M.); (Ş.Ş.); (Y.D.Y.); (T.T.); (H.K.); (E.Y.); (Ö.Z.)
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara 06530, Turkey
| | - Ender Yildirim
- Mikro Biyosistemler A.Ş., ODTÜ Teknokent MET Yerleskesi, No:280/B/10, Ankara 06530, Turkey; (G.Ö.); (E.M.); (Ş.Ş.); (Y.D.Y.); (T.T.); (H.K.); (E.Y.); (Ö.Z.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara 06530, Turkey
| | - Özge Zorlu
- Mikro Biyosistemler A.Ş., ODTÜ Teknokent MET Yerleskesi, No:280/B/10, Ankara 06530, Turkey; (G.Ö.); (E.M.); (Ş.Ş.); (Y.D.Y.); (T.T.); (H.K.); (E.Y.); (Ö.Z.)
| | - Ebru Özgür
- Mikro Biyosistemler A.Ş., ODTÜ Teknokent MET Yerleskesi, No:280/B/10, Ankara 06530, Turkey; (G.Ö.); (E.M.); (Ş.Ş.); (Y.D.Y.); (T.T.); (H.K.); (E.Y.); (Ö.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kapeleris J, Kulasinghe A, Warkiani ME, Oleary C, Vela I, Leo P, Sternes P, O'Byrne K, Punyadeera C. Ex vivo culture of circulating tumour cells derived from non-small cell lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2020; 9:1795-1809. [PMID: 33209602 PMCID: PMC7653113 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Tumour tissue-based information is limited. Liquid biopsy can provide valuable real-time information through circulating tumour cells (CTCs). Profiling and expanding CTCs may provide avenues to study transient metastatic disease. Methods Seventy non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients were recruited. CTCs were enriched using the spiral microfluidic chip and a RosetteSep™ using bloods from NSCLC patients. CTC cultures were carried out using the Clevers media under hypoxic conditions. CTCs were characterized using immunofluorescence and mutation-specific antibodies for samples with known mutation profiles. Exome sequencing was used to characterized CTC cultures. Results CTCs (>2 cells) were detected in 38/70 (54.3%) of patients ranging from 0 to 385 CTCs per 7.5 mL blood. In 4/5 patients where primary tumours harboured an EGFR exon 19 deletion, this EGFR mutation was also captured in CTCs. ALK translocation was confirmed on CTCs from a patient harbouring an ALK-rearrangement in the primary tumour. Short term CTC cultures were successfully generated in 9/70 NSCLC patients. Whole exome sequencing (WES) confirmed the presence of somatic mutations in the CTC cultures with mutational signatures consistent with NSCLC. Conclusions We were able to detect CTCs in >50% of NSCLC patients. NSCLC patients with >2 CTCs had a poor prognosis. The short-term CTC culture success rate was 12.9%. Further optimization of this culture methodology may provide a means by which to expand CTCs derived from NSCLC patient’s bloods. CTC cultures allow for expansion of cells to a critical mass, allowing for functional characterization of CTCs with the goal of drug sensitivity testing and the creation of CTC cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kapeleris
- Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Research Team, The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Arutha Kulasinghe
- Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Research Team, The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Ultimo NSW, Australia
| | - Connor Oleary
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian Vela
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul Leo
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia.,The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter Sternes
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia.,The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kenneth O'Byrne
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Research Team, The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cellular and Molecular Progression of Prostate Cancer: Models for Basic and Preclinical Research. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092651. [PMID: 32957478 PMCID: PMC7563251 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The molecular progression of prostate cancer is complex and elusive. Biological research relies heavily on in vitro and in vivo models that can be used to examine gene functions and responses to the external agents in laboratory and preclinical settings. Over the years, several models have been developed and found to be very helpful in understanding the biology of prostate cancer. Here we describe these models in the context of available information on the cellular and molecular progression of prostate cancer to suggest their potential utility in basic and preclinical prostate cancer research. The information discussed herein should serve as a hands-on resource for scholars engaged in prostate cancer research or to those who are making a transition to explore the complex biology of prostate cancer. Abstract We have witnessed noteworthy progress in our understanding of prostate cancer over the past decades. This basic knowledge has been translated into efficient diagnostic and treatment approaches leading to the improvement in patient survival. However, the molecular pathogenesis of prostate cancer appears to be complex, and histological findings often do not provide an accurate assessment of disease aggressiveness and future course. Moreover, we also witness tremendous racial disparity in prostate cancer incidence and clinical outcomes necessitating a deeper understanding of molecular and mechanistic bases of prostate cancer. Biological research heavily relies on model systems that can be easily manipulated and tested under a controlled experimental environment. Over the years, several cancer cell lines have been developed representing diverse molecular subtypes of prostate cancer. In addition, several animal models have been developed to demonstrate the etiological molecular basis of the prostate cancer. In recent years, patient-derived xenograft and 3-D culture models have also been created and utilized in preclinical research. This review is an attempt to succinctly discuss existing information on the cellular and molecular progression of prostate cancer. We also discuss available model systems and their tested and potential utility in basic and preclinical prostate cancer research.
Collapse
|
16
|
Hsieh JCH, Wang HM, Wu MH, Chang KP, Chang PH, Liao CT, Liau CT. Review of emerging biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in the era of immunotherapy and targeted therapy. Head Neck 2020; 41 Suppl 1:19-45. [PMID: 31573749 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) emerge rapidly in recent years, especially for new targeted therapies and immunotherapies. METHODS Recent, relevant peer-reviewed evidence were critically reviewed and summarized. RESULTS This review article briefly introduces essential biomarker concepts, including purposes and classifications (predictive, prognostic, and diagnostic markers), and the phases of biomarker development. We summarize current biomarkers in order of clinical utility; p16 and human papillomavirus status remain the most important and validated biomarkers in HNSCC. The rationale for biomarker study design continues to evolve with technological advances, especially whole-exome or whole-genomic sequencing. Noninvasive body fluid and liquid biopsy biomarkers appear to hold strong potential for development as tools for early cancer detection, cancer diagnosis, monitoring of disease recurrence, and outcome prediction. In light of discrepancies among different technologies, standardized approaches are needed. CONCLUSION Biomarkers from cancer tissue or blood in HNSCC could direct new anticancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Chia-Hsun Hsieh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ming Wang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsien Wu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hung Chang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Cancer Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ta Liao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ting Liau
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jain R, Chittiboyina S, Chang CL, Lelièvre SA, Savran CA. Deterministic culturing of single cells in 3D. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10805. [PMID: 32616817 PMCID: PMC7331589 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67674-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Models using 3D cell culture techniques are increasingly accepted as the most biofidelic in vitro representations of tissues for research. These models are generated using biomatrices and bulk populations of cells derived from tissues or cell lines. We present an alternate method to culture individually selected cells in relative isolation from the rest of the population under physiologically relevant matrix conditions. Matrix gel islands are spotted on a cell culture dish to act as support for receiving and culturing individual single cells; a glass capillary-based microfluidic setup is used to extract each desired single cell from a population and seed it on top of an island. Using examples of breast and colorectal cancers, we show that individual cells evolve into tumors or aspects of tumors displaying different characteristics of the initial cancer type and aggressiveness. By implementing a morphometry assay with luminal A breast cancer, we demonstrate the potential of the proposed approach to study phenotypic heterogeneity. Results reveal that intertumor heterogeneity increases with time in culture and that varying degrees of intratumor heterogeneity may originate from individually seeded cells. Moreover, we observe that a positive relationship exists between fast growing tumors and the size and heterogeneity of their nuclei.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohil Jain
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Shirisha Chittiboyina
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Chun-Li Chang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Sophie A Lelièvre
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Cagri A Savran
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Circulating tumor cell as the functional aspect of liquid biopsy to understand the metastatic cascade in solid cancer. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 72:100816. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
19
|
Wang R, Lewis MS, Lyu J, Zhau HE, Pandol SJ, Chung LWK. Cancer-stromal cell fusion as revealed by fluorescence protein tracking. Prostate 2020; 80:274-283. [PMID: 31846114 PMCID: PMC6949378 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We previously determined that cancer-stromal interaction was a direct route to tumor cell heterogeneity progression, since cancer-stromal cell fusion in coculture resulted in the creation of heterogeneous clones of fusion hybrid progeny. In this report, we modified the cancer-stromal coculture system to establish optimal experimental conditions for investigating cell fusion machinery and the mechanism of heterogeneity progression. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Red fluorescence protein-tagged LNCaP cells were cocultured with green fluorescence protein-labeled prostate stromal cells for cancer-stromal cell fusion, which was tracked as dual fluorescent cells by fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS We identified the most efficient strategy to isolate clones of fusion hybrid progenies. From the coculture, mixed cells including fusion hybrids were subjected to low-density replating for colony formation by fusion hybrid progeny. These colonies could propagate into derivative cell populations. Compared to the parental LNCaP cells, clones of the fusion hybrid progeny displayed divergent behaviors and exhibited permanent genomic hybridization. CONCLUSIONS Cancer-stromal cell fusion leads to cancer cell heterogeneity. The cancer-stromal coculture system characterized in this study can be used as a model for molecular characterization of cancer cell fusion as the mechanism behind the progression of heterogeneity observed in clinical prostate cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxiang Wang
- Uro-Oncology Research, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Pathology, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Michael S. Lewis
- Uro-Oncology Research, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Pathology, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ji Lyu
- Uro-Oncology Research, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Haiyen E. Zhau
- Uro-Oncology Research, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Stephen J. Pandol
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Pathology, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Advances in the Characterization of Circulating Tumor Cells in Metastatic Breast Cancer: Single Cell Analyses and Interactions, and Patient-Derived Models for Drug Testing. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1220:61-80. [PMID: 32304080 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35805-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of breast cancer death worldwide. In metastatic breast cancer, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can be captured from patient blood samples sequentially over time and thereby serve as surrogates to assess the biology of surviving cancer cells that may still persist in solitary or multiple metastatic sites following treatment. CTCs may thus function as potential real-time decision-making guides for selecting appropriate therapies during the course of disease or for the development and testing of new treatments. The heterogeneous nature of CTCs warrants the use of single cell platforms to better inform our understanding of these cancer cells. Current techniques for single cell analyses and techniques for investigating interactions between cancer and immune cells are discussed. In addition, methodologies for growing patient-derived CTCs in vitro or propagating them in vivo to facilitate CTC drug testing are reviewed. We advocate the use of CTCs in appropriate microenvironments to appraise the effectiveness of cancer chemotherapies, immunotherapies, and for the development of new cancer treatments, fundamental to personalizing and improving the clinical management of metastatic breast cancer.
Collapse
|
21
|
Heather JM, Myers PT, Shi F, Aziz-Zanjani MO, Mahoney KE, Perez M, Morin B, Brittsan C, Shabanowitz J, Hunt DF, Cobbold M. Murine xenograft bioreactors for human immunopeptidome discovery. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18558. [PMID: 31811195 PMCID: PMC6898210 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54700-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of peptides presented by MHC class I and class II molecules is limited by the need for relatively large cell numbers, especially when studying post-translationally modified or otherwise rare peptide species. To overcome this problem, we pose the hypothesis that human cells grown as xenografts in immunodeficient mice should produce equivalent immunopeptidomes as cultured cells. Comparing human cell lines grown either in vitro or as murine xenografts, we show that the immunopeptidome is substantially preserved. Numerous features are shared across both sample types, including peptides and proteins featured, length distributions, and HLA-binding motifs. Peptides well-represented in both groups were from more abundant proteins, or those with stronger predicted HLA binding affinities. Samples grown in vivo also recapitulated a similar phospho-immunopeptidome, with common sequences being those found at high copy number on the cell surface. These data indicate that xenografts are indeed a viable methodology for the production of cells for immunopeptidomic discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James M Heather
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | | | - Feng Shi
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Keira E Mahoney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jeffrey Shabanowitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Donald F Hunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Mark Cobbold
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Uhl CG, Liu Y. Microfluidic device for expedited tumor growth towards drug evaluation. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1458-1470. [PMID: 30888358 PMCID: PMC6526058 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc01250d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Patient derived organoids have emerged as robust preclinical models for screening anti-cancer therapeutics. Current 2D culturing methods do not provide physiological responses to therapeutics, therefore 3D models are being developed to better reproduce physiological responses. 3D culturing however often requires large initial cell populations and one week to one month to grow tumors ready for therapeutic testing. As a solution a 3D culturing system has been developed capable of producing physiologically relevant tumors in an expedited fashion while only requiring a small number of initial cancer cells. A bi-layer microfluidic system capable of facilitating active convective nutrient supply to populations of cancer cells facilitates expedited growth of cancer cells when starting with populations as small as 8 cells. The system has been shown to function well with adherent and non-adherent cell types by expediting cell growth by a factor ranging from 1.27 to 4.76 greater than growth under static conditions. Utilizing such an approach has enable to formation of tumors ready for therapeutic screening within 3 days and the ability to perform therapeutic screening within the microfluidic system is demonstrated. A mathematical model has been developed which allows for adjustments to be made to the dynamic delivery of nutrients in order to efficiently use culture media without excessive waste. We believe this work to be the first attempt to grow cancers in an expedited fashion utilizing only a convective nutrient supply within a microfluidic system which also facilitates on-device therapeutic screening. The developed microfluidic system and cancer growth method have the potential to offer improved drug screening for patients in clinical settings.
Collapse
|
23
|
Circulating Tumor Cell Detection in Lung Cancer: But to What End? Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020262. [PMID: 30813420 PMCID: PMC6406797 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of the natural history and biology of lung cancer has been enhanced by studies into circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Fundamental and translational research, as well as clinical trials in the characterization and behavior of these cells, have constantly contributed to improving understanding within the domain of thoracic oncology. However, the use of these CTCs as prognostic and predictive biomarkers has not been adopted to the same extent as circulating free DNA (cf-DNA) in plasma, in the daily practice of thoracic oncologists. However, recent technological advances have firmly put the detection and characterization of CTCs in thoracic oncology back on the agenda, and have opened up perspectives for their routine clinical use. This review discusses the major advances of using CTCs in the domain of thoracic oncology, as well as the envisaged short- and long-term prospects.
Collapse
|
24
|
Tellez-Gabriel M, Cochonneau D, Cadé M, Jubellin C, Heymann MF, Heymann D. Circulating Tumor Cell-Derived Pre-Clinical Models for Personalized Medicine. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 11:cancers11010019. [PMID: 30586936 PMCID: PMC6356998 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The main cause of death from cancer is associated with the development of metastases, resulting from the inability of current therapies to cure patients at metastatic stages. Generating preclinical models to better characterize the evolution of the disease is thus of utmost importance, in order to implement effective new cancer biomarkers and therapies. Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) are good candidates for generating preclinical models, making it possible to follow up the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of tumor tissues. This method is a non-invasive liquid biopsy that can be obtained at any stage of the disease. It partially summarizes the molecular heterogeneity of the corresponding tumors at a given time. Here, we discuss the CTC-derived models that have been generated so far, from simplified 2D cultures to the most complex CTC-derived explants (CDX models). We highlight the challenges and strengths of these preclinical tools, as well as some of the recent studies published using these models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tellez-Gabriel
- RNA and Molecular Pathology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, The Artic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Denis Cochonneau
- LabCT, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, CRCINA, Université d'Angers, 44805 Saint Herblain CEDEX, France.
| | - Marie Cadé
- INSERM, European Associated Laboratory "Sarcoma Research Unit", University of Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France.
| | - Camille Jubellin
- INSERM, European Associated Laboratory "Sarcoma Research Unit", University of Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France.
| | - Marie-Françoise Heymann
- LabCT, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, CRCINA, Université d'Angers, 44805 Saint Herblain CEDEX, France.
| | - Dominique Heymann
- LabCT, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, CRCINA, Université d'Angers, 44805 Saint Herblain CEDEX, France.
- INSERM, European Associated Laboratory "Sarcoma Research Unit", University of Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France.
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, The Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Breuninger S, Stangl S, Werner C, Sievert W, Lobinger D, Foulds GA, Wagner S, Pickhard A, Piontek G, Kokowski K, Pockley AG, Multhoff G. Membrane Hsp70-A Novel Target for the Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells After Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. Front Oncol 2018; 8:497. [PMID: 30443493 PMCID: PMC6223102 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood is a pre-requisite for progression, invasion, and metastatic spread of cancer. Consequently, the enumeration and molecular characterization of CTCs from the peripheral blood of patients with solid tumors before, during and after treatment serves as a valuable tool for categorizing disease, evaluating prognosis and for predicting and monitoring therapeutic responsiveness. Many of the techniques for isolating CTCs are based on the expression of epithelial cell surface adhesion molecule (EpCAM, CD326) on tumor cells. However, the transition of adherent epithelial cells to migratory mesenchymal cells (epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, EMT)-an essential element of the metastatic process-is frequently associated with a loss of expression of epithelial cell markers, including EpCAM. A highly relevant proportion of mesenchymal CTCs cannot therefore be isolated using techniques that are based on the "capture" of cells expressing EpCAM. Herein, we provide evidence that a monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against a membrane-bound form of Hsp70 (mHsp70)-cmHsp70.1-can be used for the isolation of viable CTCs from peripheral blood of tumor patients of different entities in a more quantitative manner. In contrast to EpCAM, the expression of mHsp70 remains stably upregulated on migratory, mesenchymal CTCs, metastases and cells that have been triggered to undergo EMT. Therefore, we propose that approaches for isolating CTCs based on the capture of cells that express mHsp70 using the cmHsp70.1 mAb are superior to those based on EpCAM expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Breuninger
- Center for Translational Cancer Research TU München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Stangl
- Center for Translational Cancer Research TU München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Caroline Werner
- Center for Translational Cancer Research TU München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sievert
- Center for Translational Cancer Research TU München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Lobinger
- Center for Translational Cancer Research TU München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Gemma A Foulds
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, College of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Wagner
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, College of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anja Pickhard
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Guido Piontek
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Konrad Kokowski
- Department of Pneumology and Pneumologic Oncology, Klinikum Bogenhausen, Munich, Germany
| | - Alan G Pockley
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, College of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Center for Translational Cancer Research TU München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kapeleris J, Kulasinghe A, Warkiani ME, Vela I, Kenny L, O'Byrne K, Punyadeera C. The Prognostic Role of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) in Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2018; 8:311. [PMID: 30155443 PMCID: PMC6102369 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer affects over 1. 8 million people worldwide and is the leading cause of cancer related mortality globally. Currently, diagnosis of lung cancer involves a combination of imaging and invasive biopsies to confirm histopathology. Non-invasive diagnostic techniques under investigation include "liquid biopsies" through a simple blood draw to develop predictive and prognostic biomarkers. A better understanding of circulating tumor cell (CTC) dissemination mechanisms offers promising potential for the development of techniques to assist in the diagnosis of lung cancer. Enumeration and characterization of CTCs has the potential to act as a prognostic biomarker and to identify novel drug targets for a precision medicine approach to lung cancer care. This review will focus on the current status of CTCs and their potential diagnostic and prognostic utility in this setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kapeleris
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Arutha Kulasinghe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Majid E. Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ian Vela
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Liz Kenny
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Central Integrated Regional Cancer Service, Queensland Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kenneth O'Byrne
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Moon DH, Lindsay DP, Hong S, Wang AZ. Clinical indications for, and the future of, circulating tumor cells. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 125:143-150. [PMID: 29626548 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cells that have detached from the primary tumor and entered circulation with potential to initiate a site of metastasis. Currently, CTC detection using CellSearch is cleared by the Food and Drug Administration for monitoring metastatic breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers as a prognostic biomarker for progression-free and overall survival. Accumulating evidence suggests CTCs have similar prognostic value in other metastatic and non-metastatic settings. Current research efforts are focused on extending the utility of CTCs beyond a prognostic biomarker to help guide clinical decision-making. These include using CTCs as a screening tool for diagnosis, liquid biopsy for molecular profiling, predictive biomarker to specific therapies, and monitoring tool to assess response and guide changes to treatment. CTCs have unique advantages vs circulating tumor DNA in this endeavor. Indications for CTCs in daily practice will expand as isolation techniques improve and clinical studies validating their utility continue to grow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic H Moon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Daniel P Lindsay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Seungpyo Hong
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Yonsei Frontier Lab, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrew Z Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abraham J, Singh S, Joshi S. Liquid biopsy - emergence of a new era in personalized cancer care. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s41241-018-0053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
29
|
Liu P, Fang X, Cao H, Gu M, Kong J, Deng A. Nano-biotinylated liposome-based immunoassay for the ultrasensitive detection of protein biomarker in urine. Talanta 2017; 179:472-477. [PMID: 29310262 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
With the development of proteomics and the continuous discovery of biomarkers of trace proteins, it is important to accurately quantify low abundance protein, especially in urine for clinical diagnostics. In this paper, we reported a novel nano-biotinylated liposome-based immuno-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LI-LAMP) for the ultrasensitive detection of REG1A (a biomarker for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in urine) with high specificity. The detection range was 1µg/mL to 1fg/mL, with a detection limit of 1fg/mL, and no cross-reactivity was observed to occur in this assay. Compared with the amount of REG1A added, REG1A recovery using this method was 130% and 89%. Detection of REG1A concentrations using the LI-LAMP assay from real samples were in good agreement with those determined using ELISA, and relative deviations were not more than 10%. LI-LAMP shows good potential as a clinical diagnostic assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xueen Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongmei Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingli Gu
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jilie Kong
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Anmei Deng
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhu X, Sun Y, Chen D, Li J, Dong X, Wang J, Chen H, Wang Y, Zhang F, Dai J, Pirraco RP, Guo S, Marques AP, Reis RL, Li W. Mastocarcinoma therapy synergistically promoted by lysosome dependent apoptosis specifically evoked by 5-Fu@nanogel system with passive targeting and pH activatable dual function. J Control Release 2017; 254:107-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
31
|
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin M Posadas
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David J McConkey
- Johns Hopkins Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, Department of Urology, Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leland W K Chung
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|