1
|
Pintori N, Mostallino R, Spano E, Orrù V, Piras MG, Castelli MP, De Luca MA. Immune and glial cell alterations in the rat brain after repeated exposure to the synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018. J Neuroimmunol 2024; 389:578325. [PMID: 38432046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The use of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) poses major psychiatric risks. We previously showed that repeated exposure to the prototypical SCRA JWH-018 induces alterations in dopamine (DA) transmission, abnormalities in the emotional state, and glial cell activation in the mesocorticolimbic DA circuits of rats. Despite growing evidence suggesting the relationship between substance use disorders (SUD) and neuroinflammation, little is known about the impact of SCRAs on the neuroimmune system. Here, we investigated whether repeated JWH-018 exposure altered neuroimmune signaling, which could be linked with previously reported central effects. Adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to JWH-018 (0.25 mg/kg, i.p.) for fourteen consecutive days, and the expression of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors was measured seven days after treatment discontinuation in the striatum, cortex, and hippocampus. Moreover, microglial (ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1, IBA-1) and astrocyte (glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP) activation markers were evaluated in the caudate-putamen (CPu). Repeated JWH-018 exposure induces a perturbation of neuroimmune signaling specifically in the striatum, as shown by increased levels of cytokines [interleukins (IL) -2, -4, -12p70, -13, interferon (IFN) γ], chemokines [macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP) -1α, -3α], and growth factors [macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)], together with increased IBA-1 and GFAP expression in the CPu. JWH-018 exposure induces persistant brain region-specific immune alterations up to seven days after drug discontinuation, which may contribute to the behavioral and neurochemical dysregulations in striatal areas that play a role in the reward-related processes that are frequently impaired in SUD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Pintori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rafaela Mostallino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Enrica Spano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Valeria Orrù
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), Lanusei, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Piras
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), Lanusei, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Castelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta De Luca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wine, beer and Chinese Baijiu in relation to cardiovascular health: the impact of moderate drinking. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
3
|
Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Pharmacologic Preconditioning as a Means to Reduce Stroke-induced Inflammation and Damage. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3598-3614. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03789-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
4
|
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor as a Potential Biomarker of Neuroinflammation and Frontal Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10050947. [PMID: 35625687 PMCID: PMC9138236 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is associated with functional disruption of several brain structures that may trigger cognitive dysfunction. One of the mechanisms of alcohol-associated cognitive impairment has been proposed to arise from its direct impact on the immune system, which culminates in the release of cytokines and chemokines which can eventually reach the brain. Alcohol can also disrupt the blood–brain barrier, facilitating the penetration of pro-inflammatory molecules throughout vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). Thus, alcohol-induced alterations in chemokines and VEGFA might contribute to the neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment associated with AUD. (2) Methods: The present cross-sectional study investigates whether patients with AUD (n = 86) present cognitive disability associated to alterations in plasma concentration of SDF-1, fractalkine, eotaxin, MCP-1, MIP-1α and VEGFA when compared to control subjects (n = 51). (3) Results: The analysis indicated that SDF-1 and MCP-1 concentrations were higher in AUD patients than in controls. Concentrations of VEGFA were higher in AUD patients with severe frontal deficits, and the score of frontal lobe functions was negatively correlated with VEGFA and fractalkine. Acute alcohol effects on VEGFA plasma levels in healthy volunteers demonstrated the induction of VEGFA release by heavy alcohol drinking. VEGFA was positively correlated with pro-inflammatory chemokines in AUD patients with frontal cognitive impairment. (4) Conclusions: we propose VEGFA/chemokine monitoring as biomarkers of potential cognitive impairment in AUD patients.
Collapse
|
5
|
Bas S, Ucak R, Sizmaz M, Hascicek S, Karsidag SH. Perivascular Injections of Botulinum Toxin Type A Versus Low Concentration of Ethanol. J Surg Res 2022; 269:218-228. [PMID: 34607144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the effect of low concentration ethanol in increasing flap viability by perioperative perivascular application and compared it with that of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-seven Wistar albino rats weighing 300-350 g were used in this study. The subjects were randomly divided into three equal groups: group E (ethanol, n = 9), group B (BTX-A, n = 9), and group S (saline, n = 9). In rats, the dorsal multi-territory perforator flap was elevated, and the agents were injected. In postoperative 1 wk, flap viability and vascular endothelial growth factor levels were evaluated. Also, blood flow, microvascular density, and inflammation degree of both choke zones were assessed. RESULTS The mean flap survival area and vascular endothelial growth factor level were significantly higher in group E than in group B and S (P < 0.001). Similarly, blood flow (first choke zone, P < 0.012, and second choke zone, P < 0.001) and microvascular density (first choke zone and second choke zone, P < 0.001) were found to be higher in Group E compared to Group B and S in the evaluation performed from both choke zones. Also, significant inflammation was detected in the ethanol group. CONCLUSIONS The positive effects of BTX-A on flap viability were achieved with a low concentration of ethanol. The fact that a low concentration of ethanol increases blood flow, angiogenesis, and flap viability more than BTX-A in the first postoperative week indicates that it can be an alternative agent for perioperative use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soysal Bas
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ramazan Ucak
- Department of Pathology, University of Health Sciences, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mert Sizmaz
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seyhan Hascicek
- Department of Pathology, University of Health Sciences, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semra H Karsidag
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bas S, Ucak R, Oz K, Karsidag SH. The Effect of Very Low Concentrations of Ethanol on Microvascular Artery and Vein Anastomosis: An Experimental Study. J INVEST SURG 2021; 35:967-977. [PMID: 34521313 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2021.1974613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the effect of very low concentrations of ethanol on artery and vein anastomosis. Also, it was aimed to determine the appropriate ethanol concentration to be used in vasospasm. METHODS Rats were divided into five groups of eight rats, each group, as follows: Group i: saline; Group ii: 2.5% ethanol; Group iii: 5% ethanol; Group IV: 7.5% ethanol; and Group V: 10% ethanol. During the femoral artery and vein anastomosis, 1ml of the agent was used for irrigation in each group. Vessel diameters were measured before the anastomosis, at the fifth and 15th minutes, and the third week after the anastomosis. Histopathological samples were taken in the third week. RESULTS In Groups ii and iii, the mean vessel diameters were found to increase 15th minute. Also observed was an increase in mean vessel diameter that continued in the third week. Although acute vasodilation was detected in Groups IV and V, arterial and venous thrombosis was observed in the third week. Intima and media thickness decreased in Group ii, while it increased in Group iii. Perivascular inflammation and fibrosis increased as the ethanol concentration increased. CONCLUSION 2.5% ethanol causes acute and prolonged vasodilation and does not cause endothelial cell damage, perivascular inflammation, and fibrosis. 2.5% ethanol will be a powerful alternative use in many situations that occur with vasospasm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soysal Bas
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Ucak
- Department of Pathology, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kurtulus Oz
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semra Hacikerim Karsidag
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sasaki K, Obinata H, Yokobori S, Sakamoto T. Alcohol does not increase in-hospital mortality due to severe blunt trauma: an analysis of propensity score matching using the Japan Trauma Data Bank. Acute Med Surg 2021; 8:e671. [PMID: 34262778 PMCID: PMC8254651 DOI: 10.1002/ams2.671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Alcohol‐related problems, including trauma, are a great burden on global health. Alcohol metabolism in the Japanese population is genetically inferior to other races. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of alcohol use among a Japanese severe blunt trauma cohort. Methods This retrospective observational study analyzed the data of trauma patients registered in the Japan Trauma Data Bank between 2004 and 2019. The primary outcome of this study was in‐hospital mortality. The lengths of hospital and intensive care unit stay were the secondary outcomes. Propensity score matching was used to adjust the anatomical severity and patient background to reduce the potential alcohol use bias. Results We analyzed 46,361 patients categorized into nondrinking (n = 37,818) and drinking (n = 8,543) groups. After a 1:1 propensity score matching (n = 8,428, respectively), despite the Glasgow Coma Scale and Revised Trauma Score scores being significantly lower in the drinking group (14 vs. 13 and 7.84 vs. 7.55, P < 0.001, respectively) and intensive care unit length of stay being significantly longer in the drinking group (6 vs. 7 days, P = 0.002), in‐hospital mortality was significantly lower in the alcohol group (11.8% vs. 9.0%, P < 0.001) and there were no differences in the duration of hospital stay (19 vs. 19 days, P = 0.848). Conclusion Despite increasing physiological severity on admission, after adjusting for anatomical severity, alcohol consumption could be beneficial in severe blunt trauma patients as regards in‐hospital mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Sasaki
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Nippon Medical School Tokyo Japan
| | - Hirofumi Obinata
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Nippon Medical School Tokyo Japan.,Shock and Trauma Center Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital Chiba Japan
| | - Shoji Yokobori
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Nippon Medical School Tokyo Japan
| | - Taigo Sakamoto
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Nippon Medical School Tokyo Japan.,Shock and Trauma Center Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital Chiba Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jalali Z, Khademalhosseini M, Soltani N, Esmaeili Nadimi A. Smoking, alcohol and opioids effect on coronary microcirculation: an update overview. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:185. [PMID: 33858347 PMCID: PMC8051045 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-01990-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking, heavy alcohol drinking and drug abuse are detrimental lifestyle factors leading to loss of million years of healthy life annually. One of the major health complications caused by these substances is the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which accounts for a significant proportion of substance-induced death. Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption are related to the higher risk of acute myocardial infarction. Similarly, opioid addiction, as one of the most commonly used substances worldwide, is associated with cardiac events such as ischemia and myocardial infarction (MI). As supported by many studies, coronary artery disease (CAD) is considered as a major cause for substance-induced cardiac events. Nonetheless, over the last three decades, a growing body of evidence indicates that a significant proportion of substance-induced cardiac ischemia or MI cases, do not manifest any signs of CAD. In the absence of CAD, the coronary microvascular dysfunction is believed to be the main underlying reason for CVD. To date, comprehensive literature reviews have been published on the clinicopathology of CAD caused by smoking and opioids, as well as macrovascular pathological features of the alcoholic cardiomyopathy. However, to the best of our knowledge there is no review article about the impact of these substances on the coronary microvascular network. Therefore, the present review will focus on the current understanding of the pathophysiological alterations in the coronary microcirculation triggered by smoking, alcohol and opioids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jalali
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Building Number 1, Emam Ali Boulevard, P.O. Box: 77175-835, 7719617996, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Morteza Khademalhosseini
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Building Number 1, Emam Ali Boulevard, P.O. Box: 77175-835, 7719617996, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Pathology, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Narjes Soltani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Building Number 1, Emam Ali Boulevard, P.O. Box: 77175-835, 7719617996, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Esmaeili Nadimi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Building Number 1, Emam Ali Boulevard, P.O. Box: 77175-835, 7719617996, Rafsanjan, Iran.
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjani University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Perigestational alcohol consumption induces altered early placentation and organogenic embryo growth restriction by disruption of trophoblast angiogenic factors. Reprod Biomed Online 2020; 42:481-504. [PMID: 33549483 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Maternal alcohol consumption produces fetal retardation and malformations, probably associated with placental defects. Does perigestational alcohol consumption up to organogenesis lead to abnormal placentation and embryo growth restriction by disrupting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) system in embryo-placental development? DESIGN Female mice were treated with 10% ethanol in drinking water before and up to day 10 of gestation. Control mice received ethanol-free water. After treatment, the trophoblastic tissue, embryo growth and the angiogenic VEGF pathway were analysed. RESULTS Female mice who had received treatment had resorbed and delayed implantation sites with poor ectoplacental cone development. Reduced trophoblastic area tissue from female mice who had received treatment had abnormal junctional zone and diminished labyrinthine vascularization. After treatment, the labyrinth had increased chorionic trophoblast proliferation, hypoxia inducible factor-1α immunoexpression but reduced apoptosis. The embryo growth was reduced concomitantly with low VEGF immunostaining but high endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression. In junctional and labyrinth of treated female mice, gene and protein immunoexpression of VEGF was reduced and the protein expression of FLT-1 increased compared with controls. Increased activation of kinase insert domain receptor receptor (phosphorylated KDR) and expression of eNOS were observed in placenta of treated female mice. Immunoexpression of metalloproteinase-9, however, was reduced in junctional zone but increased in labyrinth, compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal inadequate expression of VEGF/receptors and angiogenic eNOS and metalloproteinase factors related to abnormal early placentation after perigestational alcohol ingestion, providing insight into aetiological factors underlying early placentopathy associated with intrauterine growth restriction caused by maternal alcohol consumption.
Collapse
|
10
|
Tersalvi G, Biasco L, Radovanovic D, Rickli H, Roffi M, Eberli F, Moccetti M, Jeger R, Moccetti T, Erne P, Pedrazzini G. Heavy Drinking Habits Are Associated with Worse In-Hospital Outcomes in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: An Insight from the AMIS Plus Registry. Cardiology 2020; 145:757-765. [PMID: 32818933 DOI: 10.1159/000508928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between alcohol consumption and the occurrence of coronary heart disease is well described in the literature, while data regarding the impact of regular alcohol consumption on in-hospital outcomes in the setting of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are lacking. We aimed to evaluate the impact of self-reported alcohol consumption on in-hospital outcomes in patients with ACS. METHODS Data derived from patients enrolled between 2007 and 2019 in the Acute Myocardial Infarction in Switzerland (AMIS) Plus registry were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were stratified based on alcohol drinking pattern. Primary outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality, while secondary outcomes were set as incidence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs). Outcome comparisons according to quantity of daily alcohol intake were also performed. RESULTS Records concerning alcohol consumption were available in 25,707 patients; 5,298 of them (21%) fulfilled the criteria of regular alcohol consumption. Regular drinkers were predominantly male, younger, smokers, more comorbid and with a worse clinical presentation as compared with abstainers/occasional drinkers. Daily alcohol intake was reported in 4,059 (77%) of these patients (regular drinkers). Among them, 2,640 were light drinkers (≤2 drinks/day) and 1,419 heavy drinkers (>2 drinks/day). In-hospital mortality and MACCEs of heavy drinkers were significantly higher compared with those of light drinkers (5.4 vs. 3.3% and 7.0 vs. 4.4%, both p = 0.001). When tested together with Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events risk score parameters, heavy alcohol consumption was independently associated with in-hospital mortality (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Our results support that heavy alcohol consumption is an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality in patients presenting with ACS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Tersalvi
- Division of Cardiology, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland,
| | - Luigi Biasco
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Torino 4, Ospedale di Ciriè, Ciriè, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Italian Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Dragana Radovanovic
- AMIS Plus Data Center, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans Rickli
- Division of Cardiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Marco Roffi
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Franz Eberli
- Division of Cardiology, Stadtspital Triemli, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Moccetti
- Division of Cardiology, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Raban Jeger
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tiziano Moccetti
- Division of Cardiology, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Paul Erne
- AMIS Plus Data Center, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Pedrazzini
- Division of Cardiology, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Italian Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang Y, Yuan H, Sun Y, Wang Y, Wang A. The effects of ethanol on angiogenesis after myocardial infarction, and preservation of angiogenesis with rosuvastatin after heavy drinking. Alcohol 2016; 54:27-32. [PMID: 27565753 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The cardioprotective effects of moderate alcohol consumption and statins have been known for years. However, heavy or binge drinking confers a high risk of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of alcohol consumption on acute myocardial infarction that was induced experimentally in rats, with a focus on the potential mechanism of angiogenesis and the effects of statins on heavy drinking. The experimental rats were fed low-dose ethanol (0.5 g/kg/day), high-dose ethanol (5 g/kg/day), and high-dose ethanol with rosuvastatin (10 mg/kg/day) during the entire experiment. Acute myocardial infarctions were induced 4 weeks after the beginning of the experiment. We assessed the capillary density in the myocardium via immunohistochemistry and quantified the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endostatin via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits on the 4th day after myocardial infarction. The results revealed that low ethanol consumption promoted angiogenesis in association with higher VEGF and lower endostatin. High ethanol intake suppressed angiogenesis with unchanged VEGF and elevated endostatin. Treatment with rosuvastatin preserved angiogenesis following high ethanol intake, with an upregulation of VEGF. This study highlights that low ethanol consumption obviously promotes angiogenesis in myocardial-infarction rats while increasing the expression of VEGF, whereas high ethanol consumption inhibits ischemia-induced angiogenesis. This study also provides evidence that rosuvastatin alleviates the inhibitory effects of heavy drinking on angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Haitao Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yongle Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Aihong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liang YZ, Zeng ZL, Hua LL, Li JF, Wang YL, Bi XZ. Expression and significance of angiostatin, vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in brain tissue of diabetic rats with ischemia reperfusion. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 9:587-91. [PMID: 27262072 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To discuss the expression and significance of angiostatin, vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the brain tissue of diabetic rats with ischemia reperfusion. METHODS A total of 60 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the normal group, sham group, diabetic cerebral infarction group and single cerebral infarction group according to the random number table, with 15 rats in each group. The high sucrose diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin were performed for the modeling of diabetic rats, while the thread-occlusion method was employed to build the model of cerebral ischemia reperfusion. The immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of angiostatin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the brain tissue. RESULTS The expression of angiostatin after the reperfusion in the brain tissue of rats in the single cerebral infarction group and diabetic cerebral infarction group was increased 6 h after the reperfusion, reached to the peak on 1 d and then decreased gradually. The expression of angiostatin in the diabetic cerebral infarction group 6 h, 1 d, 3 d and 7 d after the reperfusion was significantly higher than that in the single cerebral infarction group (P < 0.05). VEGF began to be increased 1 h after the reperfusion in the single cerebral infarction group and diabetic cerebral infarction group, reached to the peak at 6 h and then decreased gradually. The expression of VEGF in the diabetic cerebral infarction group at each time point after the reperfusion was significantly lower than that in the single cerebral infarction group (P < 0.05). MMP-9 began to be increased 1 h after the reperfusion in the single cerebral infarction group and diabetic cerebral infarction group, reached to the peak on 1 d and then decreased gradually. The expression of MMP-9 in the diabetic cerebral infarction group at each time point after the reperfusion was significantly higher than that in the single cerebral infarction group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The high glucose environment in which the diabetic cerebral infarction is occurred is to induce the formation of MMP-9 at first and then activate and increase the expression of angiostatin. Afterwards, the expression of VEGF is inhibited, resulting in the poor angiogenesis after cerebral infarction, which thus makes the injury of brain tissue after cerebral infarction even worse than the non-diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zhi Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Shangqiu No. 1 People's Hospital, Shangqiu 476000, Henan, China
| | - Zhi-Lei Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450016, Henan, China
| | - Lin-Lin Hua
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450016, Henan, China
| | - Jin-Feng Li
- Department of Neurology, No. 148 Hospital of P.L.A., Zibo 255300, Shandong, China
| | - Yun-Liang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450016, Henan, China; Department of Neurology, No. 148 Hospital of P.L.A., Zibo 255300, Shandong, China.
| | - Xi-Zhuang Bi
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zakharov S, Pelclova D, Urban P, Navratil T, Nurieva O, Kotikova K, Diblik P, Kurcova I, Belacek J, Komarc M, Eddleston M, Hovda KE. Use of Out-of-Hospital Ethanol Administration to Improve Outcome in Mass Methanol Outbreaks. Ann Emerg Med 2016; 68:52-61. [PMID: 26875060 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Methanol poisoning outbreaks are a global public health issue, with delayed treatment causing poor outcomes. Out-of-hospital ethanol administration may improve outcome, but the difficulty of conducting research in outbreaks has meant that its effects have never been assessed. We study the effect of out-of-hospital ethanol in patients treated during a methanol outbreak in the Czech Republic between 2012 and 2014. METHODS This was an observational case-series study of 100 hospitalized patients with confirmed methanol poisoning. Out-of-hospital ethanol as a "first aid antidote" was administered by paramedic or medical staff before the confirmation of diagnosis to 30 patients; 70 patients did not receive out-of-hospital ethanol from the staff (12 patients self-administered ethanol shortly before presentation). RESULTS The state of consciousness at first contact with paramedic or medical staff, delay to admission, and serum methanol concentration were similar among groups. The median serum ethanol level on admission in the patients with out-of-hospital administration by paramedic or medical staff was 84.3 mg/dL (interquartile range 32.7 to 129.5 mg/dL). No patients with positive serum ethanol level on admission died compared with 21 with negative serum ethanol level (0% versus 36.2%). Patients receiving out-of-hospital ethanol survived without visual and central nervous system sequelae more often than those not receiving it (90.5% versus 19.0%). A positive association was present between out-of-hospital ethanol administration by paramedic or medical staff, serum ethanol concentration on admission, and both total survival and survival without sequelae of poisoning. CONCLUSION We found a positive association between out-of-hospital ethanol administration and improved clinical outcome. During mass methanol outbreaks, conscious adults with suspected poisoning should be considered for administration of out-of-hospital ethanol to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Zakharov
- Toxicological Information Center, Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniela Pelclova
- Toxicological Information Center, Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Urban
- Toxicological Information Center, Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Navratil
- Toxicological Information Center, Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Biomimetic Electrochemistry, J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Nurieva
- Toxicological Information Center, Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Kotikova
- Toxicological Information Center, Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Diblik
- Department of Ophthalmology, General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Kurcova
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromir Belacek
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Komarc
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Eddleston
- Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Knut Erik Hovda
- Norwegian CBRNe Center of Medicine, Department of Acute Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Association between blood alcohol concentration and mortality in critical illness. J Crit Care 2015; 30:1382-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2015.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
15
|
Shaikh H, Lechpammer M, Jensen FE, Warfield SK, Hansen AH, Kosaras B, Shevell M, Wintermark P. Increased Brain Perfusion Persists over the First Month of Life in Term Asphyxiated Newborns Treated with Hypothermia: Does it Reflect Activated Angiogenesis? Transl Stroke Res 2015; 6:224-33. [PMID: 25620793 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-015-0387-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Many asphyxiated newborns still develop brain injury despite hypothermia therapy. The development of brain injury in these newborns has been related partly to brain perfusion abnormalities. The purposes of this study were to assess brain hyperperfusion over the first month of life in term asphyxiated newborns and to search for some histopathological clues indicating whether this hyperperfusion may be related to activated angiogenesis following asphyxia. In this prospective cohort study, regional cerebral blood flow was measured in term asphyxiated newborns treated with hypothermia around day 10 of life and around 1 month of life using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and arterial spin labeling. A total of 32 MRI scans were obtained from 24 term newborns. Asphyxiated newborns treated with hypothermia displayed an increased cerebral blood flow in the injured brain areas around day 10 of life and up to 1 month of life. In addition, we looked at the histopathological clues in a human asphyxiated newborn and in a rat model of neonatal encephalopathy. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was expressed in the injured brain of an asphyxiated newborn treated with hypothermia in the first days of life and of rat pups 24-48 h after the hypoxic-ischemic event, and the endothelial cell count increased in the injured cortex of the pups 7 and 11 days after hypoxia-ischemia. Our data showed that the hyperperfusion measured by imaging persisted in the injured areas up to 1 month of life and that angiogenesis was activated in the injured brain of asphyxiated newborns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henna Shaikh
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lu XY, Liu BC, Wang LH, Yang LL, Bao Q, Zhai YJ, Alli AA, Thai TL, Eaton DC, Wang WZ, Ma HP. Acute ethanol induces apoptosis by stimulating TRPC6 via elevation of superoxide in oxygenated podocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:965-74. [PMID: 25601712 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Our recent studies indicate that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) only at high concentrations can cause oxidative stress in renal epithelial cells and induce apoptosis of podocytes. Consistently, the present study shows that H2O2, even at 1 mM, failed to induce intracellular oxidative stress and apoptosis of the podocytes due to efficient activity of catalase, an enzyme which degrades H2O2 to produce water and oxygen (O2). However, H2O2 acted as a source of O2 to allow acute ethanol to induce superoxide production and cause apoptosis of the podocytes. In contrast, acute ethanol alone did not elevate intracellular superoxide, even though it stimulates expression and translocation of p47phox to the plasma membrane. Inhibition of catalase abolished not only O2 production from H2O2 degradation, but also NOX2-dependent superoxide production in the podocytes challenged by both H2O2 and acute ethanol. In parallel, acute ethanol in the presence of H2O2, but neither ethanol nor H2O2 alone, stimulated transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) channels and caused TRPC6-dependent elevation of intracellular Ca2+. These data suggest that exogenous H2O2 does not induce oxidative stress due to rapid degradation to produce O2 in the podocytes, but the oxygenated podocytes become sensitive to acute ethanol challenge and undergo apoptosis via a TRPC6-dependent elevation of intracellular Ca2+. Since cultured podocytes are considered in hypoxic conditions, H2O2 may be used as a source of O2 to establish an ischemia-reperfusion model in some type of cultured cells in which H2O2 does not directly induce intracellular oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Lu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China; Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Bing-Chen Liu
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Department of Radiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China; Department of Cardiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hua Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Li Yang
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Department of Radiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China; Department of Cardiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Bao
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Yu-Jia Zhai
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Department of Radiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China; Department of Cardiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Abdel A Alli
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Tiffany L Thai
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Douglas C Eaton
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Wei-Zhi Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - He-Ping Ma
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Morrow D, Hatch E, Hamm K, Cahill PA, Redmond EM. Flk-1/KDR mediates ethanol-stimulated endothelial cell Notch signaling and angiogenic activity. J Vasc Res 2014; 51:315-24. [PMID: 25322777 DOI: 10.1159/000367807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED We previously reported that ethanol (EtOH) stimulates endothelial angiogenic activity mediated via a notch- and angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) pathway. As crosstalk exists between notch and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling, we examined whether the VEGF receptor (VEGFR) Flk-1 (fetal liver kinase 1) mediates EtOH-stimulated notch signaling and angiogenic activity. METHODS AND RESULTS Treatment of human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) with EtOH (1-50 mM, 24 h) dose-dependently increased Flk-1 expression with a maximum increase observed at 25 mM EtOH. Ethanol treatment activated both Flk-1 and Flt-1 (FMS-like tyrosine kinase 1) as indicated by their phosphorylation, and subsequent stimulation of Akt. EtOH activation of Flk-1 was inhibited by the VEGFR inhibitor SU5416. Gene silencing of Flk-1 using small interfering RNA inhibited the EtOH-induced increase in notch receptors 1 and 4 and notch target gene (hairy enhancer of split-related transcription factor 1) mRNA. Knockdown of Flk-1 inhibited EtOH-induced Ang-1/Tie-2 mRNA expression and blocked EtOH-induced HCAEC network formation on Matrigel, a response that was restored by notch ligand, notch ligand delta-like ligand 4, treatment. In vivo, moderate alcohol feeding increased vascular remodeling in mouse ischemic hindlimbs. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that EtOH activates Flk-1 and Flt-1 receptors in HCAECs and promotes angiogenic activity via an Flk-1/notch pathway. These effects of EtOH may be relevant to the influence of moderate alcohol consumption on cardiovascular health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Morrow
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, N.Y., USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Asquith M, Pasala S, Engelmann F, Haberthur K, Meyer C, Park B, Grant KA, Messaoudi I. Chronic ethanol consumption modulates growth factor release, mucosal cytokine production, and microRNA expression in nonhuman primates. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2014; 38:980-93. [PMID: 24329418 PMCID: PMC3984381 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic alcohol consumption has been associated with enhanced susceptibility to both systemic and mucosal infections. However, the exact mechanisms underlying this enhanced susceptibility remain incompletely understood. METHODS Using a nonhuman primate model of ethanol (EtOH) self-administration, we examined the impact of chronic alcohol exposure on immune homeostasis, cytokine, and growth factor production in peripheral blood, lung, and intestinal mucosa following 12 months of chronic EtOH exposure. RESULTS EtOH exposure inhibited activation-induced production of growth factors hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and vascular-endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Moreover, EtOH significantly reduced the frequency of colonic Th1 and Th17 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, we did not observe differences in lymphocyte frequency or soluble factor production in the lung of EtOH-consuming animals. To uncover mechanisms underlying reduced growth factor and Th1/Th17 cytokine production, we compared expression levels of microRNAs in PBMC and intestinal mucosa. Our analysis revealed EtOH-dependent up-regulation of distinct microRNAs in affected tissues (miR-181a and miR-221 in PBMC; miR-155 in colon). Moreover, we were able to detect reduced expression of the transcription factors STAT3 and ARNT, which regulate expression of VEGF, G-CSF, and HGF and contain targets for these microRNAs. To confirm and extend these observations, PBMC were transfected with either mimics or antagomirs of miR-181 and miR-221, and protein levels of the transcription factors and growth factors were determined. Transfection of microRNA mimics led to a reduction in both STAT3/ARNT as well as VEGF/HGF/G-CSF levels. The opposite outcome was observed when microRNA antagomirs were transfected. CONCLUSIONS Chronic EtOH consumption significantly disrupts both peripheral and mucosal immune homeostasis, and this dysregulation may be mediated by changes in microRNA expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Asquith
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Sumana Pasala
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Flora Engelmann
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Kristen Haberthur
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Christine Meyer
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Byung Park
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kathleen A. Grant
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wetzels JWGH, Merkx MAW, de Haan AFJ, Koole R, Speksnijder CM. Maximum mouth opening and trismus in 143 patients treated for oral cancer: a 1-year prospective study. Head Neck 2014; 36:1754-62. [PMID: 24478217 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with oral cancer can develop restricted mouth opening (trismus) because of the oncologic treatment. METHODS Maximum mouth opening (MMO) was measured in 143 patients shortly before treatment and 0, 6, and 12 months posttreatment, and the results were analyzed using a linear mixed-effects model. RESULTS In every patient, MMO decreased after treatment. The patients who underwent surgery, recovered partially by 6 and 12 months after treatment, whereas the patients who received both surgery and radiotherapy or primary radiotherapy did not recover. Tumor location, tumor size, and alcohol consumption had independent effects on MMO. Having trismus (MMO <35 mm) 1 year after treatment was associated most strongly with pretreatment MMO, receiving both surgery and radiotherapy, and maxillary or mandibular tumor involvement. CONCLUSION Postoperative radiotherapy and maxillary or mandibular tumor involvement are the highest contributing risk factors to decreasing MMO and the subsequent development of trismus after oral cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Willem G H Wetzels
- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Special Dental Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lassaletta AD, Elmadhun NY, Liu Y, Feng J, Burgess TA, Karlson NW, Laham RJ, Sellke FW. Ethanol promotes arteriogenesis and restores perfusion to chronically ischemic myocardium. Circulation 2013; 128:S136-43. [PMID: 24030397 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.000207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moderate alcohol consumption is known to be cardioprotective compared with either heavy drinking or complete abstinence. We assessed the hypothesis that ethanol supplementation would improve myocardial function in the setting of chronic ischemia. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixteen male Yorkshire swine underwent placement of an ameroid constrictor into the left circumflex artery to induce chronic myocardial ischemia. Postoperatively, animals were supplemented with either 90 mL of ethanol (EtOH) daily (50%/V, EtOH) or 80 g of sucrose of equal caloric value (SUC), serving as controls. Seven weeks after ameroid placement, arteriolar density (1.74 ± 0.210% versus 3.11 ± 0.368% area of arterioles per low-powered field in sucrose (SUC) versus EtOH; P=0.004), myocardial perfusion (ratio of blood flow to the at-risk myocardium compared with the normal ventricle during demand pacing was 0.585 ± 0.107 versus 1.08 ± 0.138 for SUC versus EtOH; P=0.014), and microvascular reactivity were significantly increased in ethanol-treated animals compared with controls in the at-risk myocardium. Analysis of vascular endothelial growth factor and NOTCH pathway signaling suggested proneovascular and proliferative activity in the ischemic area. The average peak blood alcohol level in the treatment group was 40 ± 4 mg/dL, consistent with levels of moderate drinking in humans. CONCLUSIONS Ethanol supplementation increased arteriolar density and significantly improved myocardial perfusion and endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in chronically ischemic myocardium. These findings suggest that, at moderate doses, ethanol directly promotes vasculogenesis and improves microvascular function, resulting in significant improvements in myocardial perfusion in the setting of chronic ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio D Lassaletta
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (A.D.L., N.Y.E., Y.L., J.F., T.A.B., N.W.K., F.W.S.); and Cardiology Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.J.L.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Klintsova AY, Hamilton GF, Boschen KE. Long-term consequences of developmental alcohol exposure on brain structure and function: therapeutic benefits of physical activity. Brain Sci 2012; 3:1-38. [PMID: 24961305 PMCID: PMC4061829 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci3010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental alcohol exposure both early in life and during adolescence can have a devastating impact on normal brain structure and functioning, leading to behavioral and cognitive impairments that persist throughout the lifespan. This review discusses human work as well as animal models used to investigate the effect of alcohol exposure at various time points during development, as well as specific behavioral and neuroanatomical deficits caused by alcohol exposure. Further, cellular and molecular mediators contributing to these alcohol-induced changes are examined, such as neurotrophic factors and apoptotic markers. Next, this review seeks to support the use of aerobic exercise as a potential therapeutic intervention for alcohol-related impairments. To date, few interventions, behavioral or pharmacological, have been proven effective in mitigating some alcohol-related deficits. Exercise is a simple therapy that can be used across species and also across socioeconomic status. It has a profoundly positive influence on many measures of learning and neuroplasticity; in particular, those measures damaged by alcohol exposure. This review discusses current evidence that exercise may mitigate damage caused by developmental alcohol exposure and is a promising therapeutic target for future research and intervention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Y Klintsova
- Department of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Gillian F Hamilton
- Department of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Karen E Boschen
- Department of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| |
Collapse
|