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Shaykin JD, Olyha LN, Van Doorn CE, Hales JD, Chandler CM, Hopkins DM, Nixon K, Beckmann JS, Pauly JR, Bardo MT. Effects of isolation stress and voluntary ethanol exposure during adolescence on ethanol and nicotine co-use in adulthood using male rats. DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE REPORTS 2024; 12:100277. [PMID: 39262667 PMCID: PMC11387808 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Background Alcohol use in adolescence may increase susceptibility to substance use disorders (SUDs) in adulthood. This study determined if voluntary ethanol (EtOH) consumption during adolescence, combined with social isolation, alters the trajectory of EtOH and nicotine intake during adulthood, as well as activating brain neuroinflammation. Methods Adolescent male isolate- and group-housed rats were given 0.2 % saccharin/20 % EtOH (Sacc/EtOH) or water using intermittent 2-bottle choice; controls were given water in both bottles (n=17-20 per group). Some rats from each group (n=5-6) were euthanized one week later to measure autoradiographic [3H]PK-11195 binding, an indicator of microglial reactivity, and the remainder (n=11-14 per group) were tested in adulthood in 2-bottle choice, followed by nicotine self-administration using an incremental fixed ratio (FR) schedule with Sacc/EtOH and water concurrently available. Results Isolation housing increased adolescent intake of Sacc/EtOH, but the increase did not produce an observable neuroimmunological response in brain. Adolescent EtOH exposure decreased adult intake of both Sacc/EtOH and unsweetened EtOH, with isolate-housed rats showing a greater effect than group-housed rats. In the co-use model, a cross-price economic demand analysis revealed a substitutional relationship between Sacc/EtOH and nicotine, but no effect of adolescent Sacc/EtOH exposure. Compared to group-housed rats, isolate-housed rats were more sensitive to the changing price of nicotine and showed greater substitutability of Sacc/EtOH for nicotine. Conclusion The current results suggest that adolescent EtOH exposure per se, with or without isolation stress, does not likely explain the enhanced risk for either alcohol or nicotine use later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob D Shaykin
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Lydia N Olyha
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Catherine E Van Doorn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Joshua D Hales
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Cassie M Chandler
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Deann M Hopkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Kimberly Nixon
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Joshua S Beckmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - James R Pauly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Michael T Bardo
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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2
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Sicher AR, Liss A, Vozella V, Marsland P, Seemiller LR, Springer M, Starnes WD, Griffith KR, Smith GC, Astefanous A, Deak T, Roberto M, Varodayan FP, Crowley NA. Voluntary adolescent alcohol exposure does not robustly increase adulthood consumption of alcohol in multiple mouse and rat models. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.30.591674. [PMID: 38746266 PMCID: PMC11092607 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.30.591674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of increased risk taking, including increased alcohol and drug use. Multiple clinical studies report a positive relationship between adolescent alcohol consumption and risk of developing an alcohol use disorder (AUD) in adulthood. However, few preclinical studies have attempted to tease apart the biological contributions of adolescent alcohol exposure, independent of other social, environmental, and stress factors, and studies that have been conducted show mixed results. Here we use several adolescent voluntary consumption of alcohol models, conducted across four labs in three institutes and with two rodent species, to investigate the ramifications of adolescent alcohol consumption on adulthood alcohol consumption in controlled, pre-clinical environments. We consistently demonstrate a lack of robust increases in adulthood alcohol consumption. This work highlights that risks seen in both human datasets and other murine drinking models may be due to unique social and environmental factors - some of which may be unique to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery R. Sicher
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Andrea Liss
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University - SUNY, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Valentina Vozella
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Paige Marsland
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University - SUNY, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Laurel R. Seemiller
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Matthew Springer
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - William D. Starnes
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Keith R. Griffith
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Grace C. Smith
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Amy Astefanous
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University - SUNY, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Terrence Deak
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University - SUNY, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Marisa Roberto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Florence P. Varodayan
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University - SUNY, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Nicole A. Crowley
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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Wooden JI, Peacoe LE, Anasooya Shaji C, Melbourne JK, Chandler CM, Bardo MT, Nixon K. Adolescent Intermittent Ethanol Drives Modest Neuroinflammation but Does Not Escalate Drinking in Male Rats. Cells 2023; 12:2572. [PMID: 37947650 PMCID: PMC10649200 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
During adolescence, the brain is highly susceptible to alcohol-induced damage and subsequent neuroimmune responses, effects which may enhance development of an alcohol use disorder (AUD). Neuroimmune reactions are implicated in adolescent alcohol exposure escalating adulthood drinking. Therefore, we investigated whether intermittent alcohol exposure in male, adolescent rats (AIE) escalated adult drinking via two-bottle choice (2BC). We also examined the influence of housing environment across three groups: standard (group-housed with enrichment during 2BC), impoverished (group-housed without enrichment during 2BC), or isolation (single-housed without bedding or enrichment throughout). In the standard group immediately after AIE/saline and after 2BC, we also examined the expression of microglial marker, Iba1, reactive astrocyte marker, vimentin, and neuronal cell death dye, FluoroJade B (FJB). We did not observe an escalation of adulthood drinking following AIE, regardless of housing condition. Further, only a modest neuroimmune response occurred after AIE in the standard group: no significant microglial reactivity or neuronal cell death was apparent using this model, although some astrocyte reactivity was detected in adolescence following AIE that resolved by adulthood. These data suggest that the lack of neuroimmune response in adolescence in this model may underlie the lack of escalation of alcohol drinking, which could not be modified through isolation stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica I. Wooden
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Lauren E. Peacoe
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Chinchusha Anasooya Shaji
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jennifer K. Melbourne
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Cassie M. Chandler
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA (M.T.B.)
| | - Michael T. Bardo
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA (M.T.B.)
| | - Kimberly Nixon
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Salguero A, Barey A, Virgolini RG, Mujica V, Fabio MC, Miranda-Morales RS, Marengo L, Camarini R, Pautassi RM. Juvenile variable stress modulates, in female but not in male Wistar rats, ethanol intake in adulthood. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2023; 100:107306. [PMID: 37802400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2023.107306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Early stress can increase vulnerability to psychopathological disorders, including substance use disorders. The effects of stress in the juvenile period of the rat, that extends between weaning and the onset of adolescence (equivalent to late human childhood), have received little attention. This study assessed short and long-term behavioral effects of juvenile stress, with a focus on effects on ethanol intake. Male and female Wistar rats were exposed to variable stress (restraint, elevated platform, forced swimming, and social instability) or to restraint stress only, between postnatal days 26 to 29 (PDs 26-29). During adolescence, patterns of anxiety (PD 31) and depression (PD 33), ethanol intake (PDs 36-45) and behavioral sensitivity to the effects of acute stress (PD 47) were evaluated. In adulthood, alcohol ingestion was assessed through two-bottle ethanol intake tests (PDs 75-85). An additional experiment measured blood ethanol levels after a limited access intake session in adolescence. Exposure to juvenile variable stress exerted very mild effects in adolescence, but reduced ethanol ingestion in adulthood, in females only. Ethanol intake during the limited access session was significantly correlated to blood alcohol levels. The results indicate that a schedule of juvenile variable stress that did not significantly alter anxiety-related behaviors induced, nonetheless, sexually dimorphic effects on ethanol intake in adulthood. Early stress exposure that reduced alcohol intake in Wistar rats has been associated with changes on brain opioid and dopamine receptors. These results highlight the impact of early stress exposure on adult female ethanol consumption and its possible underlying neurobiological changes, involving opioid and dopamine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Salguero
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra (INIMEC - CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Agostina Barey
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra (INIMEC - CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo García Virgolini
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra (INIMEC - CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Victoria Mujica
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra (INIMEC - CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba 5000, Argentina; Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Carolina Fabio
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra (INIMEC - CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba 5000, Argentina; Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Roberto Sebastián Miranda-Morales
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra (INIMEC - CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba 5000, Argentina; Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Marengo
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra (INIMEC - CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Rosana Camarini
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Marcos Pautassi
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra (INIMEC - CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba 5000, Argentina; Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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5
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Chandler CM, Shaykin JD, Peng H, Pauly JR, Nixon K, Bardo MT. Effects of voluntary adolescent intermittent alcohol exposure and social isolation on adult alcohol intake in male rats. Alcohol 2022; 104:13-21. [PMID: 35981637 PMCID: PMC10806401 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Initiating alcohol use in adolescence significantly increases the likelihood of developing adult alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, it has been difficult to replicate adolescent alcohol exposure leading to increased adult alcohol intake across differing preclinical models. In the present study, differentially housed male rats (group vs. single cages) were used to determine the effects of voluntary intermittent exposure of saccharin-sweetened ethanol during adolescence on adult intake of unsweetened 20% ethanol. Adolescent male rats were assigned to group- or isolated-housing conditions and underwent an intermittent 2-bottle choice in adolescence (water only or water vs. 0.2% saccharin/20% ethanol), and again in adulthood (water vs. 20% ethanol). Intermittent 2-bottle choice sessions lasted for 24 h, and occurred three days per week, for five weeks. Rats were moved from group or isolated housing to single-housing cages for 2-bottle choice tests and returned to their original housing condition on off days. During adolescence, rats raised in isolated-housing conditions consumed significantly more sweetened ethanol than rats raised in group-housing conditions, an effect that was enhanced across repeated exposures. In adulthood, rats raised in isolated-housing conditions and exposed to sweetened ethanol during adolescence also consumed significantly higher levels of unsweetened 20% ethanol compared to group-housed rats. The effect was most pronounced over the first five re-exposure sessions. Housing conditions alone had little effect on adult ethanol intake. These preclinical results suggest that social isolation stress, combined with adolescent ethanol exposure, may play a key role in adult AUD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie M Chandler
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
| | - Jakob D Shaykin
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
| | - James R Pauly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
| | - Kimberly Nixon
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
| | - Michael T Bardo
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
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