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Das M, Maiti SK. Employment of light-inducible promoter in genetically engineered cyanobacteria for photosynthetic isobutanol production with simulated diurnal sunlight and CO 2. J Biotechnol 2024; 393:31-40. [PMID: 39047910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are oxygen-evolving prokaryotes that can be engineered for biofuel production from solar energy, CO2, and water. Isobutanol (IB) has the potential to serve as an alternative fuel and important chemical feedstock. The research involves engineering Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, for photosynthetic isobutanol production via the 2-keto-acid pathway and their cultivation in lab-scale photobioreactors. This synthetic pathway involves the heterologous expression of two enzymes, α-ketoisovalerate decarboxylase (Kivd) and alcohol dehydrogenase (Yqhd), under a strong light-inducible promotor, psbA2, known to show increased gene expression under high light. The use of psbA2 could be a valuable strategy for isobutanol production as economic scaling up demands the utilization of natural sunlight, which also provides very high light intensity at midday, facilitating increased production. The study reports isobutanol production from engineered strains containing both pathway genes and with only kivd. In shake flask studies, the highest isobutanol titre of 75 mg L-1 (12th day) was achieved from an engineered strain DM12 under optimized light intensity. DM12 was cultivated in a 2 L flat panel photobioreactor, resulting in a maximum isobutanol titre of 371.8 mg L-1 (10th day) with 2 % CO2 and 200 μmol photons m-2 s-1. Cultivation of DM12 in a photobioreactor under mimic diurnal sunlight demonstrated the highest productivity of 39 mg L-1 day-1 with the maximum titre of 308.5 mg L-1 (9th day). This work lays the foundation for sustainable, large-scale biobutanol production using solar energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Das
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Soumen K Maiti
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India.
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2
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Sharma P, Gujjala LKS, Varjani S, Kumar S. Emerging microalgae-based technologies in biorefinery and risk assessment issues: Bioeconomy for sustainable development. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 813:152417. [PMID: 34923013 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Industrial wastewater treatment is of paramount importance considering the safety of the aquatic ecosystem and its associated health risk to humankind inhabiting near the water bodies. Microalgae-based technologies for remediation of environmental pollutants present avenues for bioenergy applications and production of value-added biochemicals having pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, antioxidants, carbohydrate, phenolics, long-chain multi-faceted fatty acids, enzymes, and proteins which are considered healthy supplements for human health. Such a wide range of products put up a good case for the biorefinery concept. Microalgae play a pivotal role in degrading complex pollutants, such as organic and inorganic contaminants thereby efficiently removing them from the environment. In addition, microalgal species, such as Botryococcus braunii, Tetraselmis suecica, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Neochloris oleoabundans, Chlorella vulgaris, Arthrospira, Chlorella, and Tetraselmis sp., etc., are also reported for generation of value-added products. This review presents a holistic view of microalgae based biorefinery starting from cultivation and harvesting of microalgae, the potential for remediation of environmental pollutants, bioenergy application, and production of value-added biomolecules. Further, it summarizes the current understanding of microalgae-based technologies and discusses the risks involved, potential for bioeconomy, and outlines future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sharma
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440 020, India
| | | | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar 382 010, Gujarat, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440 020, India.
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3
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Jin H, Chuai W, Li K, Hou G, Wu M, Chen J, Wang H, Jia J, Han D, Hu Q. Ultrahigh-cell-density heterotrophic cultivation of the unicellular green alga Chlorella sorokiniana for biomass production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:4138-4151. [PMID: 34264522 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Heterotrophic cultivation of Chlorella has achieved commercial success, but the application of Chlorella biomass is still limited due to the high cost of biomass production. In this study, an effective and industrially scalable heterotrphic cultivation technology has been developed for a production strain Chlorella sorokiniana GT-1. Under the optimized culturing conditions, the ultrahigh biomass concentration of 271 and 247 g L-1 was achieved in 7.5 L bench-scale and 1000 L pilot-scale fermenters, respectively. Technoeconomic (TE) analysis indicated that the production cost of C. sorokiniana GT-1 could be reduced to $1601.27 per ton of biomass if the biomass concentration reached 200 g L-1 , which is 24.2% lower than that of the reported highest Chlorella biomass production through fermentation with the same TE model. Under the same growth conditions, the maximum biomass concentration of a low-starch mutant SLM2 was reduced to 93 g L-1 , which was 54% lower than that of the wild type, indicating the capabilities of C. sorokiniana GT-1 cells in accumulating large amounts of starch are essential for achieving the ultrahigh-cell-density under the heterotrophic conditions. In addition, the ultrahigh-cell-density growth potential of C. sorokiniana GT-1 cells was inferred to be related to the intrinsic biological characteristics including the tolerance to low dissolved oxygen and a moderate doubling time under the heterotrophic conditions as well. The breakthrough in cultivation technology is promising for Chlorella industry and would expand its applications in food and feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Jin
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenhua Chuai
- Microalgae Biotechnology Center, SDIC Biotech Investment Co., LTD., State Development & Investment Corp., Beijing, China
| | - Kunpeng Li
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoli Hou
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingcan Wu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Jia
- Microalgae Biotechnology Center, SDIC Biotech Investment Co., LTD., State Development & Investment Corp., Beijing, China
| | - Danxiang Han
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Microalgae Biotechnology Center, SDIC Biotech Investment Co., LTD., State Development & Investment Corp., Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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4
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Improving ‘Lipid Productivity’ in Microalgae by Bilateral Enhancement of Biomass and Lipid Contents: A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12219083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae have received widespread interest owing to their potential in biofuel production. However, economical microalgal biomass production is conditioned by enhancing the lipid accumulation without decreasing growth rate or by increasing both simultaneously. While extensive investigation has been performed on promoting the economic feasibility of microalgal-based biofuel production that aims to increase the productivity of microalgae species, only a handful of them deal with increasing lipid productivity (based on lipid contents and growth rate) in the feedstock production process. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the recent advances and novel approaches in promoting lipid productivity (depends on biomass and lipid contents) in feedstock production from strain selection to after-harvesting stages. The current study comprises two parts. In the first part, bilateral improving biomass/lipid production will be investigated in upstream measures, including strain selection, genetic engineering, and cultivation stages. In the second part, the enhancement of lipid productivity will be discussed in the downstream measure included in the harvesting and after-harvesting stages. An integrated approach involving the strategies for increasing lipid productivity in up- and down-stream measures can be a breakthrough approach that would promote the commercialization of market-driven microalgae-derived biofuel production.
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Kim HS, Park WK, Lee B, Seon G, Suh WI, Moon M, Chang YK. Optimization of heterotrophic cultivation of Chlorella sp. HS2 using screening, statistical assessment, and validation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19383. [PMID: 31852948 PMCID: PMC6920485 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55854-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterotrophic cultivation of microalgae has a number of notable advantages, which include allowing high culture density levels as well as enabling the production of biomass in consistent and predictable quantities. In this study, the full potential of Chlorella sp. HS2 is explored through optimization of the parameters for its heterotrophic cultivation. First, carbon and nitrogen sources were screened in PhotobioBox. Initial screening using the Plackett-Burman design (PBD) was then adopted and the concentrations of the major nutrients (glucose, sodium nitrate, and dipotassium phosphate) were optimized via response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite design (CCD). Upon validation of the model via flask-scale cultivation, the optimized BG11 medium was found to result in a three-fold improvement in biomass amounts, from 5.85 to 18.13 g/L, in comparison to a non-optimized BG11 medium containing 72 g/L glucose. Scaling up the cultivation to a 5-L fermenter resulted in a greatly improved biomass concentration of 35.3 g/L owing to more efficient oxygenation of the culture. In addition, phosphorus feeding fermentation was employed in an effort to address early depletion of phosphate, and a maximum biomass concentration of 42.95 g/L was achieved, with biomass productivity of 5.37 g/L/D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Su Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kun Park
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Engineering, Sangmyung University, 20 Hongimun 2-gil, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongsoo Lee
- Department of Microbial and Nano Materials, College of Science and Technology, Mokwon University, 88 Doanbuk-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon, 35349, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongho Seon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - William I Suh
- Advanced Biomass R&D Center, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Myounghoon Moon
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61003, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Keun Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Advanced Biomass R&D Center, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Wang Z, Luo F, Wang Z, Zhou R, Tang Y, Li Y. The potential growth and lipid accumulation in Coccomyxa subellipsoidea triggered by glucose combining with sodium acetate. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:110. [PMID: 31280381 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2682-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbon sources whether types or magnitudes were fateful in terms of stimulating growth and lipids accumulation in microalgae applied for biodiesel production. The set scenario of this work was to investigate the feasibilities of glucose (G) combining with sodium acetate (SA) carbon sources in enhancing biomass and lipid accumulation in Coccomyxa subellipsoidea. The results demonstrated that C. subellipsoidea subjected to the combination feeding of G (20 g/L) and SA (12 g/L) achieved the favorable biomass (5.22 g/L) and lipid content (52.16%). The resulting lipid productivity (388.96 mg/L/day) was 1.33- to 7.60-fold more than those of sole G or SA as well as other combinations of G and SA. Even though the total fatty acids of C. subellipsoidea cells treated with the optimal combination of G and SA showed no noticeable increment in comparison with sole G or SA, the proportion of monounsaturated C18:1 (over 48.69%) and the content of C18:3 (< 12%) were commendable in high-quality algal biodiesel production. Further, such fascinating lipid accumulation in C. subellipsoidea cells treated with G combining with SA might be attributed to that G promoted glycolysis as well as SA activated glyoxylate shunt and TCA cycle to synergistically provide sufficient acetyl-CoA precursors for lipid accumulation. These findings hinted the potential of the combination of carbon sources in enhancing the overall lipid productivity to offset alga-based biodiesel production cost and would guide other alga strains cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyao Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziting Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yufang Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqin Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China.
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Ghidossi T, Marison I, Devery R, Gaffney D, Forde C. Characterization and Optimization of a Fermentation Process for the Production of High Cell Densities and Lipids Using Heterotrophic Cultivation of Chlorella protothecoides. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2017.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian Marison
- Haute école d'ingénierie et d'architecture de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Kaushal M, Ahlawat S, Mukherjee M, Muthuraj M, Goswami G, Das D. Substrate dependent modulation of butanol to ethanol ratio in non-acetone forming Clostridium sporogenes NCIM 2918. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 225:349-358. [PMID: 27912184 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Present study reports a non-acetone producing Clostridium sporogenes strain as a potential producer of liquid biofuels. Alcohol production was positively regulated by sorbitol and instant dry yeast as carbon and nitrogen sources respectively. Media optimization resulted in maximum butanol and ethanol titer (gL-1) of 12.1 and 7.9 respectively. Depending on the combination of carbon sources, the organism was found to manipulate its metabolism towards synthesis of either ethanol or butanol, thereby affecting the total alcohol titer. Among various dual substrate combinations, glucose-glycerol mixture in the ratio of 60:40 resulted in maximum butanol and ethanol titer (gL-1) of 11.9 and 12.1 respectively with total alcohol productivity of 0.59gL-1h-1. In the mixture, when pure glycerol was replaced with crude glycerol, butanol and ethanol titer (gL-1) of 11.2 and 11.7 was achieved. Hence, the strain shows immense potential for biofuels production using crude glycerol as cheap substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehak Kaushal
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; DBT-PAN IIT Centre for Bioenergy, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Saumya Ahlawat
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; DBT-PAN IIT Centre for Bioenergy, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Mayurketan Mukherjee
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; DBT-PAN IIT Centre for Bioenergy, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Muthusivaramapandian Muthuraj
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; DBT-PAN IIT Centre for Bioenergy, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Gargi Goswami
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; DBT-PAN IIT Centre for Bioenergy, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Debasish Das
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; DBT-PAN IIT Centre for Bioenergy, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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Palabhanvi B, Muthuraj M, Kumar V, Mukherjee M, Ahlawat S, Das D. Continuous cultivation of lipid rich microalga Chlorella sp. FC2 IITG for improved biodiesel productivity via control variable optimization and substrate driven pH control. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 224:481-489. [PMID: 27847234 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel two-stage continuous heterotrophic cultivation of Chlorella sp. FC2 IITG was demonstrated for enhanced lipid productivity. Initially, effect of control variable e.g. dilution rate and feed stream substrate concentrations on biomass productivity was evaluated. This showed significant variation in biomass productivity from 2.4gL-1day-1 to 11.2gL-1day-1. Further, these control variables were optimized by using multi-nutrient mechanistic model for maximizing the biomass productivity. Finally, continuous production of lipid rich algal biomass was demonstrated in two sequential bioreactors for enhanced lipid productivity. The biomass productivity of 92.7gL-1day-1 was observed in the first reactor which was operated at model predicted optimal substrate concentrations of feed stream. The intracellular neutral lipid enrichment by acetate addition resulted in lipid productivity of 9.76gL-1day-1 in the second reactor. Both the biomass and lipid productivities obtained from current study are significantly high amongst similarly reported literatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basavaraj Palabhanvi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | | | - Vikram Kumar
- Centre for Energy, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Mayurketan Mukherjee
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Saumya Ahlawat
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Debasish Das
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; Centre for Energy, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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