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Lesniewska N, Duval JFL, Caillet C, Razafitianamaharavo A, Pinheiro JP, Bihannic I, Gley R, Le Cordier H, Vyas V, Pagnout C, Sohm B, Beaussart A. Physicochemical surface properties of Chlorella vulgaris: a multiscale assessment, from electrokinetic and proton uptake descriptors to intermolecular adhesion forces. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:5149-5163. [PMID: 38265106 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04740g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Given the growing scientific and industrial interests in green microalgae, a comprehensive understanding of the forces controlling the colloidal stability of these bioparticles and their interactions with surrounding aqueous microenvironment is required. Accordingly, we addressed here the electrostatic and hydrophobic surface properties of Chlorella vulgaris from the population down to the individual cell levels. We first investigated the organisation of the electrical double layer at microalgae surfaces on the basis of electrophoresis measurements. Interpretation of the results beyond zeta-potential framework underlined the need to account for both the hydrodynamic softness of the algae cells and the heterogeneity of their interface formed with the outer electrolyte solution. We further explored the nature of the structural charge carriers at microalgae interfaces through potentiometric proton titrations. Extraction of the electrostatic descriptors of interest from such data was obscured by cell physiology processes and dependence thereof on prevailing measurement conditions, which includes light, temperature and medium salinity. As an alternative, cell electrostatics was successfully evaluated at the cellular level upon mapping the molecular interactions at stake between (positively and negatively) charged atomic force microscopy tips and algal surface via chemical force microscopy. A thorough comparison between charge-dependent tip-to-algae surface adhesion and hydrophobicity level of microalgae surface evidenced that the contribution of electrostatics to the overall interaction pattern is largest, and that the electrostatic/hydrophobic balance can be largely modulated by pH. Overall, the combination of multiscale physicochemical approaches allowed a drawing of some of the key biosurface properties that govern microalgae cell-cell and cell-surface interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Céline Caillet
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | | | | | | | - Renaud Gley
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | | | - Varun Vyas
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | | | - Bénédicte Sohm
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000, Metz, France
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2
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Vargas-Pérez M, González-Horta A, Mendoza-Hernández H, Elías-Santos M, Acuña-Askar K, Galán-Wong LJ, Luna-Olvera HA. Neochloris oleoabundans cell wall rupture through melittin peptide: a new approach to increase lipid recovery. Biotechnol Lett 2024; 46:97-106. [PMID: 38109017 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Microalgae cell wall affects the recovery of lipids, representing one of the main difficulties in the development of biofuel production. This work aimed to test a new method based on melittin peptide to induce a cellular disruption in N. oleoabundans. RESULTS Neochloris oleoabundans cells were grown at 32 °C in the presence of a high concentration of nitrate-phosphate, causing a cell disruption extent of 83.6%. Further, a two-fold increase in lipid recovery following melittin treatment and solvent extraction was observed. Additionally, it was possible to verify the effects of melittin, both before and after treatment on the morphology of the cells. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal images of the melittin-treated microalgae revealed extensive cell damage with degradation of the cell wall and release of intracellular material. CONCLUSIONS Melittin produced a selective cell wall rupture effect in N. oleoabundans under some culture conditions. These results represent the first report on the effect of melittin on lipid recovery from microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Vargas-Pérez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 66451, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Azucena González-Horta
- Laboratorio de Ciencias Genómicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 66451, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Hiram Mendoza-Hernández
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 66451, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Myriam Elías-Santos
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 66451, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Karim Acuña-Askar
- Laboratorio de Biorremediación Ambiental, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 66451, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Luis Jesús Galán-Wong
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 66451, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Hugo Alberto Luna-Olvera
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 66451, Monterrey, NL, México.
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3
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Domozych DS, LoRicco JG. The extracellular matrix of green algae. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:15-32. [PMID: 37399237 PMCID: PMC10762512 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Green algae display a wide range of extracellular matrix (ECM) components that include various types of cell walls (CW), scales, crystalline glycoprotein coverings, hydrophobic compounds, and complex gels or mucilage. Recently, new information derived from genomic/transcriptomic screening, advanced biochemical analyses, immunocytochemical studies, and ecophysiology has significantly enhanced and refined our understanding of the green algal ECM. In the later diverging charophyte group of green algae, the CW and other ECM components provide insight into the evolution of plants and the ways the ECM modulates during environmental stress. Chlorophytes produce diverse ECM components, many of which have been exploited for various uses in medicine, food, and biofuel production. This review highlights major advances in ECM studies of green algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Domozych
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA
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4
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Jeon MS, Han SI, Ahn JW, Jung JH, Choi JS, Choi YE. Endophyte Bacillus tequilensis improves the growth of microalgae Haematococcus lacustris by regulating host cell metabolism. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129546. [PMID: 37488011 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
This study identified an endosymbiotic bacterium, Bacillus tequilensis, residing within the cells of the microalga Haematococcus lacustris through 16S rRNA analysis. To confirm the optimal interactive conditions between H. lacustris and B. tequilensis, the effects of different ratios of cells using H. lacustris of different growth stages were examined. Under optimized conditions, the cell density, dry weight, chlorophyll content, and astaxanthin content of H. lacustris increased significantly, and the fatty acid content improved 1.99-fold. Microscopy demonstrated the presence of bacteria within the H. lacustris cells. The interaction upregulated amino acid and nucleotide metabolism in H. lacustris. Interestingly, muramic and phenylacetic acids were found exclusively in H. lacustris cells in the presence of B. tequilensis. Furthermore, B. tequilensis delayed pigment degradation in H. lacustris. This study reveals the impact of the endosymbiont B. tequilensis on the metabolism of H. lacustris and offers new perspectives on the symbiotic relationship between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Seo Jeon
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Il Han
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Woo Ahn
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Jung
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soon Choi
- Division of Analytical Science, Korea Basic Science, Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-E Choi
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Hazaimeh M. Phycoremediation of heavy metals and production of biofuel from generated algal biomass: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:109955-109972. [PMID: 37801245 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30190-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to human activity and natural processes, heavy metal contamination frequently affects the earth's water resources. The pollution can be categorized as resistant and persistent since it poses a significant risk to terrestrial and marine biological systems and human health. Because of this, several appeals and demands have been made worldwide to try and clean up these contaminants. Through bioremediation, algal cells are frequently employed to adsorb and eliminate heavy metals from the environment. Bioremediation is seen as a desirable strategy with few adverse effects and low cost. Activities and procedures for bioremediation involving algal cells depend on various environmental factors, including salinity, pH, temperature, the concentration of heavy metals, the amount of alga biomass, and food availability. Additionally, the effectiveness of removing heavy metals from the environment by assessing how environmental circumstances affect algal activities. The main issues discussed are (1) heavy metal pollution of water bodies, the role of algal cells in heavy metal removal, the methods by which algae cells take up and store heavy metals, and the process of turning the algae biomass produced into biofuel. (2) To overcome the environmental factors and improve heavy metals bioremediation, many strategies are applied, such as immobilizing the cells, consortium culture, and using dry mass rather than living cells. (3) The processes for converting produced algal biomass into biofuels like biodiesel and biomethanol. The present study discusses the life cycle assessment and the limitations of biofuel products from algae biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hazaimeh
- Department of Biology, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah, ah-11952, Saudi Arabia.
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6
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Mavrommatis A, Tsiplakou E, Zerva A, Pantiora PD, Georgakis ND, Tsintzou GP, Madesis P, Labrou NE. Microalgae as a Sustainable Source of Antioxidants in Animal Nutrition, Health and Livestock Development. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1882. [PMID: 37891962 PMCID: PMC10604252 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are a renewable and sustainable source of bioactive compounds, such as essential amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and antioxidant compounds, that have been documented to have beneficial effects on nutrition and health. Among these natural products, the demand for natural antioxidants, as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants, has increased. The antioxidant activity of microalgae significantly varies between species and depends on growth conditions. In the last decade, microalgae have been explored in livestock animals as feed additives with the aim of improving both animals' health and performance as well as product quality and the environmental impact of livestock. These findings are highly dependent on the composition of microalgae strain and their amount in the diet. The use of carbohydrate-active enzymes can increase nutrient bioavailability as a consequence of recalcitrant microalgae cell wall degradation, making it a promising strategy for monogastric nutrition for improving livestock productivity. The use of microalgae as an alternative to conventional feedstuffs is becoming increasingly important due to food-feed competition, land degradation, water deprivation, and climate change. However, the cost-effective production and use of microalgae is a major challenge in the near future, and their cultivation technology should be improved by reducing production costs, thus increasing profitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Mavrommatis
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., GR-11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Tsiplakou
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., GR-11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Zerva
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., GR-11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota D Pantiora
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., GR-11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos D Georgakis
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., GR-11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia P Tsintzou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Plants, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, GR-38221 Volos, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Madesis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Plants, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, GR-38221 Volos, Greece
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, 6th km Charilaou-Thermis Road, P.O. Box 361, Thermi, GR-57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos E Labrou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., GR-11855 Athens, Greece
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Yang H, Zhang J, Li H. Strategies of NaCl Tolerance in Saline-Alkali-Tolerant Green Microalga Monoraphidium dybowskii LB50. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3495. [PMID: 37836235 PMCID: PMC10575140 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Studying how freshwater cells modify metabolism and membrane lipids in response to salt stress is important for understanding how freshwater organisms adapt to salt stress and investigating new osmoregulatory ways. Physiological, biochemical, metabolic, and proteomic analyses were applied in a novel saline-alkali-tolerant microalga Monoraphidium dybowskii LB50 under different NaCl concentrations. Cells adopt a variety of strategies to adapt to salt stress, including increasing ion transport and osmolytes, regulating cell cycle and life history, and accumulating triacylglycerol (TAG). A large number of metabolic activities point to TAG accumulation. With increasing NaCl concentration, the C resource for TAG accumulation went from photosynthetically fixed C and a small amount of lipid remodeling to macromolecule degradation and a mass of lipid remodeling, respectively. The energy for TAG accumulation went from linear electron transfer and oxidative phosphate pentose pathway to cyclic electron flow, substrate phosphorylation, oxidation phosphorylation, and FA oxidation. Additionally, digalacturonic acid and amino acids of the N-acetyl group, which usually were the osmotica for marine organisms, were important for M. dybowskii LB50. Freshwater organisms evolved many biological ways to adapt to salt stress. This insight enriches our understanding of the adaptation mechanisms underlying abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China;
| | - Jing Zhang
- Analysis and Testing Center of Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China;
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Korozi E, Kefalogianni I, Tsagou V, Chatzipavlidis I, Markou G, Karnaouri A. Evaluation of Growth and Production of High-Value-Added Metabolites in Scenedesmus quadricauda and Chlorella vulgaris Grown on Crude Glycerol under Heterotrophic and Mixotrophic Conditions Using Monochromatic Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs). Foods 2023; 12:3068. [PMID: 37628067 PMCID: PMC10453295 DOI: 10.3390/foods12163068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the impact of crude glycerol as the main carbon source on the growth, cell morphology, and production of high-value-added metabolites of two microalgal species, namely Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus quadricauda, under heterotrophic and mixotrophic conditions, using monochromatic illumination from light-emitting diodes (LEDs) emitting blue, red, yellow, and white (control) light. The findings indicated that both microalgae strains exhibited higher biomass yield on the mixotrophic growth system when compared to the heterotrophic one, while S. quadricauda generally performed better than C. vulgaris. In mixotrophic mode, the use of different monochromatic illumination affected biomass production differently on both strains. In S. quadricauda, growth rate was higher under red light (μmax = 0.89 d-1), while the highest biomass concentration and yield per gram of consumed glycerol were achieved under yellow light, reaching 1.86 g/L and Yx/s = 0.18, respectively. On the other hand, C. vulgaris demonstrated a higher growth rate on blue light (μmax = 0.45 d-1) and a higher biomass production on white (control) lighting (1.34 g/L). Regarding the production of metabolites, higher yields were achieved during mixotrophic mode in both strains. In C. vulgaris, the highest lipid (26.5% of dry cell weight), protein (63%), and carbohydrate (20.3%) contents were obtained under blue, red, and yellow light, respectively, thus indicating that different light wavelengths probably activate different metabolic pathways. Similar results were obtained for S. quadricauda with red light leading to higher lipid content, while white lighting caused higher production of proteins and carbohydrates. Overall, the study demonstrated the potential of utilizing crude glycerol as a carbon source for the growth and metabolite production of microalgae and, furthermore, revealed that the strains' behavior varied depending on lighting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evagelina Korozi
- Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (I.K.); (V.T.); (I.C.)
| | - Io Kefalogianni
- Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (I.K.); (V.T.); (I.C.)
| | - Vasiliki Tsagou
- Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (I.K.); (V.T.); (I.C.)
| | - Iordanis Chatzipavlidis
- Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (I.K.); (V.T.); (I.C.)
| | - Giorgos Markou
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology and Recycling of Agricultural By-Products, Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, Leof. Sofokli Venizelou 1, Lykovrysi, 14123 Athens, Greece
| | - Anthi Karnaouri
- Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (I.K.); (V.T.); (I.C.)
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Venckus P, Endriukaitytė I, Čekuolytė K, Gudiukaitė R, Pakalniškis A, Lastauskienė E. Effect of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles on the Growth of the Green Microalga Haematococcus pluvialis and Astaxanthin Synthesis. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13101618. [PMID: 37242035 DOI: 10.3390/nano13101618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely known for their antimicrobial activity in various systems from microorganisms to cell cultures. However, the data on their effects on microalgae are very limited. Unicellular green algae Haematococcus pluvialis is known for its ability to accumulate large amounts of astaxanthin under stress conditions. Therefore, it can be used as a suitable model system to test the influence of AgNPs on stress induction in unicellular algae, with visible phenotypic effects, such as astaxanthin synthesis and cell morphology. This study tested different AgNP concentrations (0-8 mg/L) effects on different growth stages (red and green) of H. pluvialis culture. Effects on cell morphology, culture productivity, and astaxanthin synthesis were evaluated. Data showed that the addition of high concentrations of AgNPs to the growing culture had a significant negative impact on culture productivity. Green-stage (HpG) cultures productivity was reduced by up to 85% by increasing AgNPs concentration to 8 mg/L while the impact on red-stage (HpR) culture was lower. Astaxanthin concentration measurements showed that AgNPs do not have any effect on astaxanthin concentration in HpG culture and caused decreased astaxanthin production rate in HpR culture. HpG culture astaxanthin concentration stayed constant at ~0.43% dry weight, while HpR culture astaxanthin concentration was significantly reduced from 1.89% to 0.60% dry weight by increasing AgNP concentration. AgNPs in the media lead to significant changes in cell morphology in both HpG and HpR cultures. Cell deformations and disrupted cytokinesis, as well as AgNPs and induced sexual reproduction, were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petras Venckus
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Endriukaitytė
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kotryna Čekuolytė
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Renata Gudiukaitė
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Andrius Pakalniškis
- Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Eglė Lastauskienė
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Fu J, Yan B, Gui S, Fu Y, Xia S. Anaerobic co-digestion of thermo-alkaline pretreated microalgae and sewage sludge: Methane potential and microbial community. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 127:133-142. [PMID: 36522047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To improve methane production from sewage sludge (SS), co-digestion of SS and microalgae (MA) was studied and the application of thermo-alkaline pretreatment to MA was evaluated. The results showed that thermo-alkaline pretreatment at 90°C for 120 min on MA was the optimum pretreatment condition. Furthermore, when the volatile solids (VS) ratio of SS and MA was 1:2, the methane yield reached maximum (368.94 mL/g VS). Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the synergetic effects of thermo-alkaline pretreated MA on its co-digestion with SS. The analyses of microbial community indicated that Methanobacterium and Methanosarcina were the dominant methanogens during the co-digestion process. However, the relative abundance of Methanosarcina in thermo-alkaline pretreated groups was higher compared to unpretreated groups. The microbial community structure might be affected by thermo-alkaline pretreatment rather than by the MA dosage in the co-digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Fu
- Institute of Energy Research, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Energy Research, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Shuanglin Gui
- Institute of Energy Research, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Yinxuan Fu
- Institute of Energy Research, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Song Xia
- Institute of Energy Research, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China.
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Action of 2,6-Dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone on the O2-Evolving Activity of Photosystem II in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Cells with and without Cell Wall: Inhibitory Effect of Its Oxidized Form. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060907. [PMID: 36980248 PMCID: PMC10046965 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a widely used object in studies on green algae concerning both photosynthesis aspects and possible biotechnological approaches. The measurement of the maximum O2 evolution by photosystem II (PSII) in living algal cells in the presence of artificial acceptors is one of the commonly used methods for determining the photosynthetic apparatus state or its change as compared to a control, parent strain, etc., because PSII is the most sensitive component of the thylakoid membrane. The present study shows the need to use low concentrations of 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (DCBQ) paired with potassium ferricyanide (FeCy) for achieving the maximum O2 evolution rate, while a DCBQ concentration above certain threshold results in strong suppression of O2 evolution. The required DCBQ concentration depends on the presence of the cell wall and should be exactly ~0.1 mM or in the range of 0.2–0.4 mM for cells with and without a cell wall, respectively. The inhibition effect is caused, probably, by a higher content of DCBQ in the oxidized form inside cells; this depends on the presence of the cell wall, which influences the efficiency of DCBQ diffusion into and out of the cell, where it is maintained by FeCy in the oxidized state. The possible mechanism of DCBQ inhibition action is discussed.
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12
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Enhancing Digestibility of Chlorella vulgaris Biomass in Monogastric Diets: Strategies and Insights. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061017. [PMID: 36978557 PMCID: PMC10044532 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae, such as Chlorella vulgaris (CV), have been identified as promising animal feed sources due to their high content of essential nutrients, including proteins, total lipids, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and pigments. This study aimed to review the digestibility, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability of nutrients from CV biomass, and to analyse strategies to enhance their digestibility in monogastric animal diets. The study conducted a systematic review of the literature from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, up until the end of January 2023. The results of adding CV to poultry and swine diets were diverse and depended on a number of variables. However, pre-treatments applied to CV biomass improved nutrient digestibility and accessibility. CV biomass, produced in a cost-effective manner, has the potential to serve as a supplement or substitute for expensive feed ingredients and improve animal health, physiology, and immune status. Variations in results may be due to differences in microalgal strain, cultivation conditions, and dietary inclusion levels, among other factors. This study provides new insights and perspectives into the utilization of CV biomass in animal diets, highlighting its potential as a valuable ingredient to improve nutrient utilization.
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Lesniewska N, Beaussart A, Duval JF. Electrostatics of soft (bio)interfaces: Corrections of mean-field Poisson-Boltzmann theory for ion size, dielectric decrement and ion-ion correlation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 642:154-168. [PMID: 37003010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Electrostatics of soft (ion-permeable) (bio)particles (e.g. microorganisms, core/shell colloids) in aqueous electrolytes is commonly formulated by the mean-field Poisson-Boltzmann theory and integration of the charge contributions from electrolyte ions and soft material. However, the effects connected to the size of the electrolyte ions and that of the structural charges carried by the particle, to dielectric decrement and ion-ion correlations on soft interface electrostatics have been so far considered at the margin, despite the limits of the Gouy theory for condensed and/or multivalent electrolytes. EXPERIMENTS Accordingly, we modify herein the Poisson-Boltzmann theory for core/shell (bio)interfaces to include the aforementioned molecular effects considered separately or concomitantly. The formalism is applicable for poorly to highly charged particles in the thin electric double layer regime and to unsymmetrical multivalent electrolytes. FINDINGS Computational examples of practical interests are discussed with emphasis on how each considered molecular effect or combination thereof affects the interfacial potential distribution depending on size and valence of cations and anions, size of particle charges, length scale of ionic correlations and shell-to-Debye layer thickness ratio. The origins of here-evidenced pseudo-harmonic potential profile and ion size-dependent screening of core/shell particle charges are detailed. In addition, the existence and magnitude of the Donnan potential when reached in the shell layer are shown to depend on the excluded volumes of the electrolyte ions.
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Brückner K, Griehl C. Permeabilization of the cell wall of Chlorella sorokiniana by the chitosan-degrading protease papain. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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15
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Priya A, Naseem S, Pandey D, Bhowmick A, Attrah M, Dutta K, Rene ER, Suman SK, Daverey A. Innovative strategies in algal biomass pretreatment for biohydrogen production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128446. [PMID: 36473587 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biohydrogen is one of the cleanest renewable energies with a high calorific value. Algal biomass can be utilized as a sustainable feedstock for biohydrogen production via dark fermentation. However, the recovery of fermentable sugar from algal biomass is challenging because of the diversity and complex cell wall composition and therefore, requires an additional pretreatment step. However, most of the conventional pretreatment strategies suffer from limited technological feasibility and poor economic viability. In this context, this review aims to present the structural complexities of the cell wall of algae and highlight the innovative approaches such as the use of hybrid technologies, biosurfactants, nanoparticles, and genetic engineering approaches for the hydrolysis of algal biomass and improved biohydrogen production. Additionally, a comprehensive discussion of the comparative evaluation of various pretreatment methods, and the techno-economic and life cycle assessment of algal biohydrogen production is also presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Priya
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Ave, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Shifa Naseem
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Haridwar Road, Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Deepshikha Pandey
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun 248012, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anisha Bhowmick
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Mustafa Attrah
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2601DA Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Kasturi Dutta
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2601DA Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Sunil Kumar Suman
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Haridwar Road, Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Achlesh Daverey
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun 248012, Uttarakhand, India; School of Biological Sciences, Doon University, Dehradun, 248012, Uttarakhand, India.
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16
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Bader AN, Sanchez Rizza L, Consolo VF, Curatti L. Bioprospecting for fungal enzymes for applications in microalgal biomass biorefineries. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:591-607. [PMID: 36527478 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12328-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microalgal biomass is a promising feedstock for biofuels, feed/food, and biomaterials. However, while production and commercialization of single-product commodities are still not economically viable, obtaining multiple products in a biomass biorefinery faces several techno-economic challenges. The aim of this study was to identify a suitable source of hydrolytic enzymes for algal biomass saccharification. Screening of twenty-six fungal isolates for secreted enzymes activity on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii biomass resulted in the identification of Aspergillus niger IB-34 as a candidate strain. Solid-state fermentation on wheat bran produced the most active enzyme preparations. From sixty-five proteins identified by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) (ProteomeXchange, identifier PXD034998) from A. niger IB-34, the majority corresponded to predicted secreted proteins belonging to the Gene Ontology categories of catalytic activity/hydrolase activity on glycosyl and O-glycosyl compounds. Skimmed biomass of biotechnologically relevant strains towards the production of commodities, Chlorella sorokiniana and Scenedesmus obliquus, was fully saccharified after a mild pretreatment at 80 °C for 10 min, at a high biomass load of 10% (w/v). The soluble liquid stream, after skimming and saccharification of biomass of both strains, was further converted into ethanol by fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae at a theoretical maximum efficiency, in a separated saccharification and fermentation assays. The resulting insoluble protein, after biomass skimming with an organic solvent and enzymatic saccharification, was highly digestible in an in vitro digestion assay. Proof of concept is presented for an enzyme-assisted biomass biorefinery recovering 81% of the main biomass fractions in a likely suitable form for the conversion of lipids and carbohydrates into biofuels and proteins into feed/food. KEY POINTS: • Twenty-six fungal extracts were analyzed for saccharification of microalgal biomass. • Skimmed biomass was fully enzymatically saccharified and fermented into ethanol. • Up to 81% recovery of biomass fractions suitable for biofuels and feed/food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Natalia Bader
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología (INBIOTEC-CONICET), and Fundación para Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas (FIBA), 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Lara Sanchez Rizza
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología (INBIOTEC-CONICET), and Fundación para Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas (FIBA), 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Verónica Fabiana Consolo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología (INBIOTEC-CONICET), and Fundación para Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas (FIBA), 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Curatti
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología (INBIOTEC-CONICET), and Fundación para Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas (FIBA), 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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The In Silico Characterization of Monocotyledonous α-l-Arabinofuranosidases on the Example of Maize. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020266. [PMID: 36836625 PMCID: PMC9964162 DOI: 10.3390/life13020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant α-l-arabinofuranosidases remove terminal arabinose from arabinose-containing substrates such as plant cell wall polysaccharides, including arabinoxylans, arabinogalactans, and arabinans. In plants, de-arabinosylation of cell wall polysaccharides accompanies different physiological processes such as fruit ripening and elongation growth. In this report, we address the diversity of plant α-l-arabinofuranosidases of the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 51 through their phylogenetic analysis as well as their structural features. The CBM4-like domain at N-terminus was found to exist only in GH51 family proteins and was detected in almost 90% of plant sequences. This domain is similar to bacterial CBM4, but due to substitutions of key amino acid residues, it does not appear to be able to bind carbohydrates. Despite isoenzymes of GH51 being abundant, in particular in cereals, almost half of the GH51 proteins in Poales have a mutation of the acid/base residue in the catalytic site, making them potentially inactive. Open-source data on the transcription and translation of GH51 isoforms in maize were analyzed to discuss possible functions of individual isoenzymes. The results of homology modeling and molecular docking showed that the substrate binding site can accurately accommodate terminal arabinofuranose and that arabinoxylan is a more favorable ligand for all maize GH51 enzymes than arabinan.
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Gomes PA, d'Espinose de Lacaillerie JB, Lartiges B, Maliet M, Molinier V, Passade-Boupat N, Sanson N. Microalgae as Soft Permeable Particles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:14044-14052. [PMID: 36343201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The colloidal stability of non-motile algal cells in water drives their distribution in space. An accurate description of the interfacial properties of microalgae is therefore critical to understand how microalgae concentrations can change in their biotope or during harvesting processes. Here, we probe the surface charges of three unicellular algae─Chlorella vulgaris, Nannochloropsis oculata, and Tetraselmis suecica─through their electrophoretic mobility. Ohshima's soft particle theory describes the electrokinetic properties of particles covered by a permeable polyelectrolyte layer, a usual case for biological particles. The results appear to fit the predictions of Ohshima's theory, proving that all three microalgae behave electrokinetically as soft particles. This allowed us to estimate two characteristic parameters of the polyelectrolyte external layer of microalgae: the volume charge density and the hydrodynamic penetration length. Results were compared with transmission electron microscopy observations of the algal cells' surfaces, and in particular of their extracellular polymeric layer, which was identified with the permeable shell evidenced by electrophoretic measurements. Noticeably, the algal surface potentials estimated from electrophoretic mobility using the soft particle theory are less negative than the apparent zeta potentials. This finding indicates that electrostatics are expected to play a minor role in phenomena of environmental and industrial importance, such as microalgae aggregation or adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Araujo Gomes
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering Laboratory, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7615, 10 Rue Vauquelin, F-75005Paris, France
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie des Interfaces Complexes, ESPCI Paris, 10 Rue Vauquelin, F-75231Paris, France
- TotalEnergies OneTech, Pôle d'Etudes et Recherche de Lacq, BP 47, 64170Lacq, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste d'Espinose de Lacaillerie
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering Laboratory, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7615, 10 Rue Vauquelin, F-75005Paris, France
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie des Interfaces Complexes, ESPCI Paris, 10 Rue Vauquelin, F-75231Paris, France
| | - Bruno Lartiges
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Université de Toulouse 3 (Paul Sabatier), 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400Toulouse, France
| | - Martin Maliet
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering Laboratory, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7615, 10 Rue Vauquelin, F-75005Paris, France
| | - Valérie Molinier
- TotalEnergies OneTech, Pôle d'Etudes et Recherche de Lacq, BP 47, 64170Lacq, France
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie des Interfaces Complexes, Bâtiment CHEMSTARTUP, Route Départemental 817, 64170Lacq, France
| | - Nicolas Passade-Boupat
- TotalEnergies OneTech, Pôle d'Etudes et Recherche de Lacq, BP 47, 64170Lacq, France
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie des Interfaces Complexes, Bâtiment CHEMSTARTUP, Route Départemental 817, 64170Lacq, France
| | - Nicolas Sanson
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering Laboratory, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7615, 10 Rue Vauquelin, F-75005Paris, France
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie des Interfaces Complexes, ESPCI Paris, 10 Rue Vauquelin, F-75231Paris, France
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19
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Use of Microorganisms as Nutritional and Functional Feedstuffs for Nursery Pigs and Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223141. [PMID: 36428369 PMCID: PMC9686830 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this review paper are to introduce the structures and composition of various microorganisms, to show some applications of single cells as alternative protein supplements or energy feeds in swine and poultry diets, and to discuss the functional effects of microorganisms as feed additives on the growth performance and intestinal health of nursery pigs and broilers. Microorganisms, including bacteria, yeasts, and microalgae, have been commonly supplemented in animal diets because they are cost-effective, stable, and have quantitative production that provides nutritional and functional benefits to pigs and broilers. Microorganisms could be alternative antibiotics to enhance intestinal health due to bioactive components from cell wall components, which interact with receptors on epithelial and immune cells. In addition, bioactive components could be digested by intestinal microbiota to produce short-chain fatty acids and enhance energy utilization. Otherwise, microorganisms such as single-cell protein (SCP) and single-cell oils (SCOs) are sustainable and economic choices to replace conventional protein supplements and energy feeds. Supplementing microorganisms as feedstuffs and feed additives improved the average daily gain by 1.83%, the daily feed intake by 0.24%, and the feed efficiency by 1.46% in pigs and broilers. Based on the properties of each microorganism, traditional protein supplements, energy feeds, and functional feed additives could be replaced by microorganisms, which have shown benefits to animal's growth and health. Therefore, specific microorganisms could be promising alternatives as nutritional and functional feedstuffs in animal diets.
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20
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Navvabi A, Homaei A, Pletschke BI, Navvabi N, Kim SK. Marine Cellulases and their Biotechnological Significance from Industrial Perspectives. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:3325-3336. [PMID: 35388747 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220406125132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Marine microorganisms represent virtually unlimited sources of novel biological compounds and can survive extreme conditions. Cellulases, a group of enzymes that are able to degrade cellulosic materials, are in high demand in various industrial and biotechnological applications, such as in the medical and pharmaceutical industries, food, fuel, agriculture, and single-cell protein, and as probiotics in aquaculture. The cellulosic biopolymer is a renewable resource and is a linearly arranged polysaccharide of glucose, with repeating units of disaccharide connected via β-1,4-glycosidic bonds, which are broken down by cellulase. A great deal of biodiversity resides in the ocean, and marine systems produce a wide range of distinct, new bioactive compounds that remain available but dormant for many years. The marine environment is filled with biomass from known and unknown vertebrates and invertebrate microorganisms, with much potential for use in medicine and biotechnology. Hence, complex polysaccharides derived from marine sources are a rich resource of microorganisms equipped with enzymes for polysaccharides degradation. Marine cellulases' extracts from the isolates are tested for their functional role in degrading seaweed and modifying wastes to low molecular fragments. They purify and renew environments by eliminating possible feedstocks of pollution. This review aims to examine the various types of marine cellulase producers and assess the ability of these microorganisms to produce these enzymes and their subsequent biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azita Navvabi
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ahmad Homaei
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Brett I Pletschke
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Nazila Navvabi
- Department of Tumor Biology and Immunotherapy, Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Se-Kwon Kim
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Seoul 426-791, Republic of Korea
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21
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Arora N, Lo E, Philippidis GP. A two-prong mutagenesis and adaptive evolution strategy to enhance the temperature tolerance and productivity of Nannochloropsis oculata. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 364:128101. [PMID: 36241066 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Incorporation of microalgae in biorefineries intended to help society reach carbon neutrality is hindered by algal growth inhibition at high temperatures, necessitating the use of costly and carbon-intensive cooling systems. In the present study, a two-prong strategy of random mutagenesis and adaptive laboratory evolution to generate robust thermotolerant strains of Nannochloropsis oculata, was used. The best mutants demonstrated increased productivity at 35 °C, which was 10 °C higher than the optimal temperature of the wild type. In a 2-L photobioreactor at 35 °C, biomass and lipid productivity were 1.43-fold and 2.24-fold higher, respectively, than wild type at 25 °C. Higher pigment and carbohydrate content contributed to the mutants' rapid growth and enhanced photosynthetic efficiency. Metabolomics and lipidomics showed rewiring of the central carbon metabolism and membrane lipid synthesis in thermotolerant strains to ensure cellular homeostasis without compromising productivity. Tagatose and phosphatidylethanolamine upregulation were identified as future genetic targets for further enhancing lipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Arora
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Enlin Lo
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - George P Philippidis
- Patel College of Global Sustainability, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
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22
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Jothibasu K, Muniraj I, Jayakumar T, Ray B, Dhar D, Karthikeyan S, Rakesh S. Impact of microalgal cell wall biology on downstream processing and nutrient removal for fuels and value-added products. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Simonazzi M, Pezzolesi L, Guerrini F, Vanucci S, Graziani G, Vasumini I, Pandolfi A, Servadei I, Pistocchi R. Improvement of In Vivo Fluorescence Tools for Fast Monitoring of Freshwater Phytoplankton and Potentially Harmful Cyanobacteria. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14075. [PMID: 36360953 PMCID: PMC9658348 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of multi-wavelength spectrofluorometers for the fast detection of algal taxa, based on chlorophyll a (Chl-a) emission spectra, has become a common practice in freshwater water management, although concerns about their accuracy have been raised. Here, inter-laboratory comparisons using monoalgal cultures have been performed to assess the reliability of different spectrofluorometer models, alongside Chl-a extraction methods. Higher Chl-a concentrations were obtained when using the spectrofluorometers than extraction methods, likely due to the poor extraction efficiencies of solvents, highlighting that traditional extraction methods could underestimate algal or cyanobacterial biomass. Spectrofluorometers correctly assigned species to the respective taxonomic group, with low and constant percent attribution errors (Chlorophyta and Euglenophyceae 6-8%, Cyanobacteria 0-3%, and Bacillariophyta 10-16%), suggesting that functioning limitations can be overcome by spectrofluorometer re-calibration with fresh cultures. The monitoring of a natural phytoplankton assemblage dominated by Chlorophyta and Cyanobacteria gave consistent results among spectrofluorometers and with microscopic observations, especially when cell biovolume rather than cell density was considered. In conclusion, multi-wavelength spectrofluorometers were confirmed as valid tools for freshwater monitoring, whereas a major focus on intercalibration procedures is encouraged to improve their reliability and broaden their use as fast monitoring tools to prevent environmental and public health issues related to the presence of harmful cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Simonazzi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Via S’Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Laura Pezzolesi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Via S’Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Renewable Resources, Environment, Sea and Energy (CIRI-FRAME), University of Bologna, Via S’Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Franca Guerrini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Via S’Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Silvana Vanucci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Graziani
- Romagna Acque Società delle Fonti S.p.a., Piazza Orsi Mangelli 10, 47122 Forlì, Italy
| | - Ivo Vasumini
- Romagna Acque Società delle Fonti S.p.a., Piazza Orsi Mangelli 10, 47122 Forlì, Italy
| | - Andrea Pandolfi
- Romagna Acque Società delle Fonti S.p.a., Piazza Orsi Mangelli 10, 47122 Forlì, Italy
| | - Irene Servadei
- Fondazione Centro Ricerche Marine, Viale A. Vespucci, 2, 47042 Cesenatico, Italy
| | - Rossella Pistocchi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Via S’Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Renewable Resources, Environment, Sea and Energy (CIRI-FRAME), University of Bologna, Via S’Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
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24
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Microalgae as a promising structure ingredient in food: Obtained by simple thermal and high-speed shearing homogenization. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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25
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Zhu L, Gao H, Li L, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Yu X. Promoting lutein production from the novel alga Acutodesmus sp. by melatonin induction. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 362:127818. [PMID: 36041678 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the current research, a novel microalgae strain was isolated from Yajiageng Red Rock Beach and identified as Acutodesmus sp. HLGY. To obtain high-efficiency production of lutein from algae, the feasibility of using melatonin (MT) to increase lutein yield of Acutodesmus sp. HLGY was evaluated. Under the 7.5 μM MT treatment, the lutein content and lutein productivity were 17.44 mg g-1 and 46.50 mg L-1 d-1, which were 1.53 times those of the control. Furthermore, exogenous MT increased the transcripts of key lutein synthesis- and antioxidant enzyme-related genes. Simultaneously, the carbohydrate, protein, and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and lipid content were suppressed. More importantly, the ethylene and γ-aminobutyric acid contents were markedly increased by MT, which may be linked to the increase in lutein biosynthesis. This study proposes a valuable biotechnological approach for lutein production via a novel Acutodesmus sp. strain using MT induction and provides insights into the role of MT in promoting lutein biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Zhu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Yunnan Alphy Biotech Co., Ltd, Chuxiong 675000, China
| | - Linpin Li
- Yunnan Alphy Biotech Co., Ltd, Chuxiong 675000, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Yunnan Alphy Biotech Co., Ltd, Chuxiong 675000, China
| | - Yongteng Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xuya Yu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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Goswami RK, Agrawal K, Mehariya S, Verma P. Current perspective on wastewater treatment using photobioreactor for Tetraselmis sp.: an emerging and foreseeable sustainable approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:61905-61937. [PMID: 34618318 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16860-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization is a revolutionary and necessary step for the development of nations. However, with development emanates its drawback i.e., generation of a huge amount of wastewater. The existence of diverse types of nutrient loads and toxic compounds in wastewater can reduce the pristine nature of the ecosystem and adversely affects human and animal health. The conventional treatment system reduces most of the chemical contaminants but their removal efficiency is low. Thus, microalgae-based biological wastewater treatment is a sustainable approach for the removal of nutrient loads from wastewater. Among various microalgae, Tetraselmis sp. is a robust strain that can remediate industrial, municipal, and animal-based wastewater and reduce significant amounts of nutrient loads and heavy metals. The produced biomass contains lipids, carbohydrates, and pigments. Among them, carbohydrates and lipids can be used as feedstock for the production of bioenergy products. Moreover, the usage of a photobioreactor (PBR) system improves biomass production and nutrient removal efficiency. Thus, the present review comprehensively discusses the latest studies on Tetraselmis sp. based wastewater treatment processes, focusing on the use of different bioreactor systems to improve pollutant removal efficiency. Moreover, the applications of Tetraselmis sp. biomass, advancement and research gap such as immobilized and co-cultivation have also been discussed. Furthermore, an insight into the harvesting of Tetraselmis biomass, effects of physiological, and nutritional parameters for their growth has also been provided. Thus, the present review will broaden the outlook and help to develop a sustainable and feasible approach for the restoration of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar Goswami
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, 305817, Rajasthan, India
| | - Komal Agrawal
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, 305817, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Pradeep Verma
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, 305817, Rajasthan, India.
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Spain O, Funk C. Detailed Characterization of the Cell Wall Structure and Composition of Nordic Green Microalgae. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:9711-9721. [PMID: 35894177 PMCID: PMC9372998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Green microalgae are attractive to food, pharmaceutical, and biofuel industries due to the promising and diverse properties of their intracellular components. In current biotechnological applications, however, clear bottlenecks are the cell disruption and cell harvesting steps. Challenges in both of these processes are directly linked to the properties of the microalgal cell wall. The aim of this study was to explore the cell wall compositions and morphologies of four Nordic microalgal strains (Chlorella vulgaris (13-1), Scenedesmus sp. (B2-2), Haematococcus pluvialis, and Coelastrella sp. (3-4)) and their changes in relation to logarithmic and stationary growth phases. Transmission electron microscopy imaging enabled us to visualize the cell walls and to observe structural elements such as spines, microfibrillar hairs, or layers. Using cryogenic X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we quantified lipid, protein, and polysaccharide content of the outer surface of the microalgal cell wall in cultures. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy highlighted changes between growth phases within the polysaccharide and protein fractions of the cell wall. Very prominent differences were observed in sugar and protein composition of the Scenedesmus sp. (B2-2) cell wall compared to the cell walls of the other three Nordic strains using trimethylsilyl derivatization.
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Dvoretsky DS, Temnov MS, Markin IV, Ustinskaya YV, Es’kova MA. Problems in the Development of Efficient Biotechnology for the Synthesis of Valuable Components from Microalgae Biomass. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0040579522040224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Chitosan chemistry review for living organisms encapsulation. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 295:119877. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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30
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Partial enzymatic cell wall disruption of Oocystis sp. for simultaneous cultivation and extraction. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Wood EE, Ross ME, Jubeau S, Montalescot V, Stanley MS. Progress towards a targeted biorefinery of Chromochloris zofingiensis: a review. BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY 2022; 14:8127-8152. [PMID: 38510795 PMCID: PMC10948469 DOI: 10.1007/s13399-022-02955-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Biorefinery approaches offer the potential to improve the economics of the microalgae industry by producing multiple products from a single source of biomass. Chromochloris zofingiensis shows great promise for biorefinery due to high biomass productivity and a diverse range of products including secondary carotenoids, predominantly astaxanthin; lipids such as TAGs; carbohydrates including starch; and proteins and essential amino acids. Whilst this species has been demonstrated to accumulate multiple products, the development of an integrated downstream process to obtain these is lacking. The objective of this review paper is to assess the research that has taken place and to identify the steps that must be taken to establish a biorefinery approach for C. zofingiensis. In particular, the reasons why C. zofingiensis is a promising species to target for biorefinery are discussed in terms of cellular structure, potential products, and means to accumulate desirable components via the alteration of culture conditions. Future advances and the challenges that lie ahead for successful biorefinery of this species are also reviewed along with potential solutions to address them. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13399-022-02955-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor E. Wood
- University of the Highlands and Islands (UHI); Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, PA37 1QA UK
- Xanthella Ltd, Malin House, European Marine Science Park, Dunstaffnage, Argyll, Oban PA37 1SZ Scotland, UK
| | - Michael E. Ross
- University of the Highlands and Islands (UHI); Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, PA37 1QA UK
| | - Sébastien Jubeau
- Xanthella Ltd, Malin House, European Marine Science Park, Dunstaffnage, Argyll, Oban PA37 1SZ Scotland, UK
| | | | - Michele S. Stanley
- University of the Highlands and Islands (UHI); Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, PA37 1QA UK
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Testimony on a successful lab protocol to disrupt Chlorella vulgaris microalga cell wall. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268565. [PMID: 35587491 PMCID: PMC9119475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, microalgae have gained popularity due to demand for novel environmental green solutions and development of innovative mass-production sources for multiple processes, including animal feed and human diet, turning microalgae into an exquisite candidate for several ecofriendly technologies. Notwithstanding, there is a catch. Most species of microalgae, as the case of common Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) display a recalcitrant cell wall, characterized by a complex matrix of polysaccharides and glycoproteins, which constitutes a major barrier for monogastric species digestibility and extraction of inner valuable nutritional compounds. To overcome this limitation, the development of feed enzymes, in particular Carbohydrate-Active enZymes (CAZymes) with capacity to disrupt C. vulgaris cell wall may contribute to improve the bioavailability of these microalgae compounds in monogastric diets, namely at high levels of incorporation. In order to disclosure novel combination of feed enzymes to disrupt C. vulgaris cell wall, a lab protocol was implemented by our research team containing the following key steps: after microalgae cultivation and having available a repertoire of two hundred pre-selected CAZymes produced by high-throughput technology, the step 1 is the individual screening of the most functional enzymes on disrupting C. vulgaris cell wall (versus a control, defined as the microalgae suspension incubated with PBS) and the determination of reducing sugars released by the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA) method; step 2 concerns on finding the best CAZymes cocktail, testing the synergistic effect of enzymes, to disrupt C. vulgaris cell wall (in parallel with running the control) along with characterization of each enzyme thermostability and resistance to proteolytic attack, to which feed enzymes are subjected in the animal gastrointestinal tract; step 3 is the assessment of C. vulgaris cell wall degradation degree by measuring the amount of reducing sugars released by the DNSA method, fatty acid analysis by gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detector (FID), oligosaccharides quantification by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with an electrochemical detector (ECD), protein content by the Kjeldahl method, and various pigments (chlorophylls a and b, and total carotenoids) in the supernatant. In the correspondent residue, we also assessed cellular counting using a Neubauer chamber by direct observation on a bright-field microscope and fluorescence intensity, after staining with Calcofluor White for both control and CAZymes cocktail treatments, on a fluorescence microscope. Beyond animal feed industry with impact on human nutrition, our lab protocol may increase the yield in obtaining valued constituents from C. vulgaris microalga for other biotechnological industries.
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Separation of Microalgae by a Dynamic Bed of Magnetite-Containing Gel in the Application of a Magnetic Field. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9050120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are now known as potential microorganisms in the production of chemicals, fuel, and food. Since microalgae live in the sea and the river, they need to be harvested and separated and cultured for further usage. In this study, to separate microalgae, a bed of magnetite-containing gel (Mag gel, 190 µm) was packed in the column by the application of a magnetic field for the separative elution of injected microalgae (including mainly four species), cultured at Saga University in Japan. The applied magnetic field was set at a constant and dynamic-convex manner. At a constant magnetic field of 0.4–1.1 T, the elution percentage of the microalgae at less than 5 µm was 30–50%. At 1.1 T, the larger-sized microalgae were eluted at a percentage of 20%, resulting in the structural change of the bed by the applied magnetic field. In a convex-like change of the magnetic field at 1.1 T ⇄ 0.4 T, the smaller-sized microalgae were selectively eluted, whereas at 1.1 T ⇄ 0.8 T, the larger-sized microalgae were eluted. Dynamic convex-like changes by the magnetic field selectively eluted the microalgae, leading to the separation and the extraction of potential microalgae.
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Cohen PA, Junium CK, King Phillips E, Uveges BT. Carbon cycle dynamics and ecology revealed by the carbon isotopic composition of single organic microfossils during the Late Devonian Biotic Crisis. GEOBIOLOGY 2022; 20:346-362. [PMID: 34904359 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We apply a new approach for the δ13 C analysis of single organic-walled microfossils (OWM) to three sites in the Appalachian Basin of New York (AB) that span the Late Devonian Biotic Crisis (LDBC). Our data provide new insights into the nature of the Frasnian-Famennian carbon cycle in the AB and also provide possible constraints on the paleoecology of enigmatic OWM ubiquitous in Paleozoic shale successions. The carbon isotope compositions of OWM are consistent with normal marine organic matter of autochthonous origins and range from -32 to -17‰, but average -25‰ across all samples and are consistently 13 C-enriched compared to bulk sediments (δ13 Cbulk ) by ~0-10‰. We observe no difference between the δ13 COWM of leiospheres (smooth-walled) and acanthomorphic (spinose) acritarch OWM, indicating that our data are driven by ecological rather than taxonomic signals. We hypothesize that the offset between δ13 COWM and δ13 Cbulk is in part due to a large δ13 C gradient in the AB water column where OWM utilized relatively 13 C-enriched dissolved inorganic carbon near the surface. Thus, the organisms producing the balance of the total organic carbon were assimilating 13 C-depleted C sources, including but not limited to respired organic carbon or byproducts of fermentation. We also observe a systematic decrease in both δ13 COWM and δ13 Cbulk of 3‰ from shoreward to open-ocean facies that may reflect the effect of 13 C-enriched dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) derived from riverine sources in the relatively enclosed AB. The hypothesized steep carbon isotope gradient in the AB could be due to a strong biological pump; this in turn may have contributed to low oxygen bottom water conditions during the LDBC. This is the first time single-microfossil δ13 Corg analyses of eukaryotes have been directly compared to bulk δ13 Corg in the deep-time fossil record.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe A Cohen
- Geosciences Department, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher K Junium
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | | | - Benjamin T Uveges
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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35
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Impact of Chlorella vulgaris as feed ingredient and carbohydrases on the health status and hepatic lipid metabolism of finishing pigs. Res Vet Sci 2022; 144:44-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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36
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Pleissner D, Smetana S. Can Pulsed Electric Fields Treated Algal Cells Be Used as Stationary Phase in Chromatography? FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.860647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are utilized for various purposes through cell content extraction and application. Cell walls are not utilized and not studied in an extensive manner. At the same time, composition of multilayer and fibrillar structures with various chemical compositions depends on microalgae species, they present an interesting object for chromatography. However, it requires the application of novel processing technologies (such as pulsed electric fields [PEFs]), which are able to selectively permeabilize the cell walls with pores of various sizes and shapes. The current review indicates the application of potential of microalgae cell walls for separation by size exclusion, ion-exchange, and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. However, such a hypothesis should be further experimentally proven.
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37
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Ren X, Liu Y, Fan C, Hong H, Wu W, Zhang W, Wang Y. Production, Processing, and Protection of Microalgal n-3 PUFA-Rich Oil. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091215. [PMID: 35563938 PMCID: PMC9101592 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae have been increasingly considered as a sustainable “biofactory” with huge potentials to fill up the current and future shortages of food and nutrition. They have become an economically and technologically viable solution to produce a great diversity of high-value bioactive compounds, including n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The n-3 PUFA, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), possess an array of biological activities and positively affect a number of diseases, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. As such, the global market of n-3 PUFA has been increasing at a fast pace in the past two decades. Nowadays, the supply of n-3 PUFA is facing serious challenges as a result of global warming and maximal/over marine fisheries catches. Although increasing rapidly in recent years, aquaculture as an alternative source of n-3 PUFA appears insufficient to meet the fast increase in consumption and market demand. Therefore, the cultivation of microalgae stands out as a potential solution to meet the shortages of the n-3 PUFA market and provides unique fatty acids for the special groups of the population. This review focuses on the biosynthesis pathways and recombinant engineering approaches that can be used to enhance the production of n-3 PUFA, the impact of environmental conditions in heterotrophic cultivation on n-3 PUFA production, and the technologies that have been applied in the food industry to extract and purify oil in microalgae and protect n-3 PUFA from oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ren
- INNOBIO Corporation Limited, No. 49, DDA, Dalian 116600, China; (Y.L.); (C.F.); (H.H.); (W.W.)
- Correspondence: (X.R.); (Y.W.); Tel.: +86-411-65864645 (X.R.); +1-902-566-7953 (Y.W.)
| | - Yanjun Liu
- INNOBIO Corporation Limited, No. 49, DDA, Dalian 116600, China; (Y.L.); (C.F.); (H.H.); (W.W.)
| | - Chao Fan
- INNOBIO Corporation Limited, No. 49, DDA, Dalian 116600, China; (Y.L.); (C.F.); (H.H.); (W.W.)
| | - Hao Hong
- INNOBIO Corporation Limited, No. 49, DDA, Dalian 116600, China; (Y.L.); (C.F.); (H.H.); (W.W.)
| | - Wenzhong Wu
- INNOBIO Corporation Limited, No. 49, DDA, Dalian 116600, China; (Y.L.); (C.F.); (H.H.); (W.W.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- DeOxiTech Consulting, 30 Cloverfield Court, Dartmouth, NS B2W 0B3, Canada;
| | - Yanwen Wang
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
- Correspondence: (X.R.); (Y.W.); Tel.: +86-411-65864645 (X.R.); +1-902-566-7953 (Y.W.)
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38
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Halim R, Papachristou I, Chen GQ, Deng H, Frey W, Posten C, Silve A. The effect of cell disruption on the extraction of oil and protein from concentrated microalgae slurries. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126597. [PMID: 34990860 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Novel cell-disruption combinations (autolytic incubation and hypotonic osmotic shock combined with HPH or pH12) were used to investigate the fundamental mass transfer of lipids and proteins from Nannochloropsis slurries (140 mg biomass/g slurry). Since neutral lipids exist as cytosolic globules, their mass transfer was directly dependent on disintegration of cell walls. Complete recovery was obtained with complete physical disruption. HPH combinations exerted more physical disruption and led to higher yields than pH12. In contrast, proteins exist as both cytosolic water-soluble fractions and cell-wall/membrane structural fractions and have a complex extraction behaviour. Mass transfer of cytosolic proteins was dependent on cell-wall disintegration, while that of structural proteins was governed by cell-wall disintegration and severance of protein linkage from the wall/membrane. HPH combinations exerted only physical disruption and were limited to releasing soluble proteins. pH12 combinations hydrolysed chemical linkages in addition to exerting physical disruption, releasing both soluble and structural proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Halim
- Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology (IHM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany; Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Bioprocess Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany; School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Ioannis Papachristou
- Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology (IHM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - George Q Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Huining Deng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, PR China
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology (IHM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Clemens Posten
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Bioprocess Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Aude Silve
- Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology (IHM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
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Insights into cell wall disintegration of Chlorella vulgaris. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262500. [PMID: 35030225 PMCID: PMC8759652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
With their ability of CO2 fixation using sunlight as an energy source, algae and especially microalgae are moving into the focus for the production of proteins and other valuable compounds. However, the valorization of algal biomass depends on the effective disruption of the recalcitrant microalgal cell wall. Especially cell walls of Chlorella species proved to be very robust. The wall structures that are responsible for this robustness have been studied less so far. Here, we evaluate different common methods to break up the algal cell wall effectively and measure the success by protein and carbohydrate release. Subsequently, we investigate algal cell wall features playing a role in the wall's recalcitrance towards disruption. Using different mechanical and chemical technologies, alkali catalyzed hydrolysis of the Chlorella vulgaris cells proved to be especially effective in solubilizing up to 56 wt% protein and 14 wt% carbohydrates of the total biomass. The stepwise degradation of C. vulgaris cell walls using a series of chemicals with increasingly strong conditions revealed that each fraction released different ratios of proteins and carbohydrates. A detailed analysis of the monosaccharide composition of the cell wall extracted in each step identified possible factors for the robustness of the cell wall. In particular, the presence of chitin or chitin-like polymers was indicated by glucosamine found in strong alkali extracts. The presence of highly ordered starch or cellulose was indicated by glucose detected in strong acidic extracts. Our results might help to tailor more specific efforts to disrupt Chlorella cell walls and help to valorize microalgae biomass.
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40
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Fetyan NAH, El-Sayed AEKB, Ibrahim FM, Attia YA, Sadik MW. Bioethanol production from defatted biomass of Nannochloropsis oculata microalgae grown under mixotrophic conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:2588-2597. [PMID: 34374017 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the economic feasibility and environmental sustainability of microalgal bioethanol production, a nontoxic, copious agricultural waste, sugarcane bagasse aqueous extract (SBAE) was used for cultivating Nannochloropsis oculata microalga (NNO-1 UTEX Culture LB 2164) as potential sources of substitutes for traditional nutrition to reduce the costs in cultivation through acid digestion and enzymatic treatment before being fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (NRRLY-2034). The primary target of this research was to find out the ethanol from hydrolysate of the defatted biomass of N. oculata grown mixotrophically on SBAE and CO2 as carbon sources. For acid hydrolysis (AH), the highest carbohydrate yield 252.84 mg/g DW has been obtained with 5.0% (v/v) H2SO4 at 121 °C for 15 min for defatted biomass cultivated mixotrophically on sugarcane bagasse aqueous extract (SBAE) regarding 207.41 mg/g DW for defatted biomass cultivated autotrophically (control treatment). Whereas, the highest levels of reducing sugars has been obtained with 4.0% (v/v) H2SO4 157.47±1.60 mg/g DW for defatted biomass cultivated mixotrophically compared with 135.30 mg/g DW for the defatted control treatment. The combination of acid hydrolysis 2.0% (v/v) H2SO4 followed by enzymatic treatment (AEH) increased the carbohydrate yields to 268.53 mg/g DW for defatted biomass cultivated mixotrophically on SBAE regarding 177.73 mg/g DW for the defatted control treatment. However, the highest levels of reducing sugars have been obtained with 3.0% (v/v) H2SO4 followed by enzyme treatment that gave 232.39±1.77 for defatted biomass cultivated mixotrophically on SBAE and 150.75 mg/g DW for the defatted control treatment. The sugar composition of the polysaccharides showed that glucose was the principal polysaccharide sugar (60.7-62.49%) of N. oculata defatted biomass. Fermentation of the hydrolysates by Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the acid pretreated defatted biomass samples gave ethanol yield of 0.86 g/L (0.062 g/g sugar consumed) for control and 1.17 g/L (0.069 g/g sugar consumed) for SBAE mixotrophic. Whereas, the maximum ethanol yield of 6.17±0.47 g/L (0.26±0.11 g/g sugar consumed) has been obtained with samples from defatted biomass grown mixotrophically (SBAE mixotrophic) pretreated with acid coupled enzyme hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa A H Fetyan
- Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | | | - Fatma M Ibrahim
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Yasser A Attia
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud W Sadik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
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41
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Zhang Y, Kang X, Zhen F, Wang Z, Kong X, Sun Y. Assessment of enzyme addition strategies on the enhancement of lipid yield from microalgae. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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42
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Grinchenko AV, von Kriegsheim A, Shved NA, Egorova AE, Ilyaskina DV, Karp TD, Goncharov NV, Petrova IY, Kumeiko VV. A Novel C1q Domain-Containing Protein Isolated from the Mollusk Modiolus kurilensis Recognizing Glycans Enriched with Acidic Galactans and Mannans. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:668. [PMID: 34940667 PMCID: PMC8706970 DOI: 10.3390/md19120668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
C1q domain-containing (C1qDC) proteins are a group of biopolymers involved in immune response as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in a lectin-like manner. A new protein MkC1qDC from the hemolymph plasma of Modiolus kurilensis bivalve mollusk widespread in the Northwest Pacific was purified. The isolation procedure included ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by affinity chromatography on pectin-Sepharose. The full-length MkC1qDC sequence was assembled using de novo mass-spectrometry peptide sequencing complemented with N-terminal Edman's degradation, and included 176 amino acid residues with molecular mass of 19 kDa displaying high homology to bivalve C1qDC proteins. MkC1qDC demonstrated antibacterial properties against Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains. MkC1qDC binds to a number of saccharides in Ca2+-dependent manner which characterized by structural meta-similarity in acidic group enrichment of galactose and mannose derivatives incorporated in diversified molecular species of glycans. Alginate, κ-carrageenan, fucoidan, and pectin were found to be highly effective inhibitors of MkC1qDC activity. Yeast mannan, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan (PGN) and mucin showed an inhibitory effect at concentrations three orders of magnitude greater than for the most effective saccharides. MkC1qDC localized to the mussel hemal system and interstitial compartment. Intriguingly, MkC1qDC was found to suppress proliferation of human adenocarcinoma HeLa cells in a dose-dependent manner, indicating to the biomedical potential of MkC1qDC protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V. Grinchenko
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.V.G.); (N.A.S.); (N.V.G.); (I.Y.P.)
| | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK;
| | - Nikita A. Shved
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.V.G.); (N.A.S.); (N.V.G.); (I.Y.P.)
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.E.E.); (D.V.I.); (T.D.K.)
| | - Anna E. Egorova
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.E.E.); (D.V.I.); (T.D.K.)
| | - Diana V. Ilyaskina
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.E.E.); (D.V.I.); (T.D.K.)
| | - Tatiana D. Karp
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.E.E.); (D.V.I.); (T.D.K.)
| | - Nikolay V. Goncharov
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.V.G.); (N.A.S.); (N.V.G.); (I.Y.P.)
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.E.E.); (D.V.I.); (T.D.K.)
| | - Irina Y. Petrova
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.V.G.); (N.A.S.); (N.V.G.); (I.Y.P.)
| | - Vadim V. Kumeiko
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.V.G.); (N.A.S.); (N.V.G.); (I.Y.P.)
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.E.E.); (D.V.I.); (T.D.K.)
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Poulhazan A, Dickwella Widanage MC, Muszyński A, Arnold AA, Warschawski DE, Azadi P, Marcotte I, Wang T. Identification and Quantification of Glycans in Whole Cells: Architecture of Microalgal Polysaccharides Described by Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:19374-19388. [PMID: 34735142 PMCID: PMC8630702 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are photosynthetic organisms widely distributed in nature and serve as a sustainable source of bioproducts. Their carbohydrate components are also promising candidates for bioenergy production and bioremediation, but the structural characterization of these heterogeneous polymers in cells remains a formidable problem. Here we present a widely applicable protocol for identifying and quantifying the glycan content using magic-angle-spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR (ssNMR) spectroscopy, with validation from glycosyl linkage and composition analysis deduced from mass-spectrometry (MS). Two-dimensional 13C-13C correlation ssNMR spectra of a uniformly 13C-labeled green microalga Parachlorella beijerinckii reveal that starch is the most abundant polysaccharide in a naturally cellulose-deficient strain, and this polymer adopts a well-organized and highly rigid structure in the cell. Some xyloses are present in both the mobile and rigid domains of the cell wall, with their chemical shifts partially aligned with the flat-ribbon 2-fold xylan identified in plants. Surprisingly, most other carbohydrates are largely mobile, regardless of their distribution in glycolipids or cell walls. These structural insights correlate with the high digestibility of this cellulose-deficient strain, and the in-cell ssNMR methods will facilitate the investigations of other economically important algae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Poulhazan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal H2X 2J6, Canada
| | | | - Artur Muszyński
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Alexandre A. Arnold
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal H2X 2J6, Canada
| | - Dror E. Warschawski
- Laboratoire
des Biomolécules, LBM, CNRS UMR 7203,
Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure,
PSL University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Isabelle Marcotte
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal H2X 2J6, Canada
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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Sirohi R, Ummalyma SB, Sagar NA, Sharma P, Awasthi MK, Badgujar PC, Madhavan A, Rajasekharan R, Sindhu R, Sim SJ, Pandey A. Strategies and advances in the pretreatment of microalgal biomass. J Biotechnol 2021; 341:63-75. [PMID: 34537253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Modification of structural components, especially the cell wall, through adequate pretreatment strategies is critical to the bioconversion efficiency of algal biomass to biorefinery products. Over the years, several physical, physicochemical, chemical and green pretreatment methods have been developed to achieve maximum productivity of desirable by-products to sustain a circular bioeconomy. The effectiveness of the pretreatment methods is however, species specific due to diversity in the innate nature of the microalgal cell wall. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the most notable and promising pretreatment strategies for several microalgae species. Methods including the application of stress, ultrasound, electromagnetic fields, pressure, heat as well as chemical solvents (ionic liquids, supercritical fluids, deep eutectic solvents etc.) have been detailed and analyzed. Enzyme and hydrolytic microorganism based green pretreatment methods have also been reviewed. Metabolic engineering of microorganisms for product specificity and lower inhibitors can be a future breakthrough in microalgal pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136713, Republic of Korea; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | | | - Narashans Alok Sagar
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonepat 131028, Haryana, India.
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, School for Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China.
| | - Prarabdh C Badgujar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat 131028, Haryana, India.
| | - Aravind Madhavan
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum 695014, India.
| | | | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India.
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136713, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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45
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Improved saccharification of Chlorella vulgaris biomass by fungal secreted enzymes for bioethanol production. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Spain O, Plöhn M, Funk C. The cell wall of green microalgae and its role in heavy metal removal. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:526-535. [PMID: 33764544 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals in industrial wastewaters are posing a serious threat to the environment and to human health. Microalgae are increasingly being seen as potential solutions to this problem as they can remove pollutants through biosorption. This process offers certain advantages over other more traditional metal removal techniques as it is simple, inexpensive, eco-friendly, and can be performed over a wide range of experimental conditions. Biosorption is possible due to the unique and complex structure of the microalgal cell wall. The variety of functional groups on the surface of the cell wall (such as carboxyl or amino groups) can act as binding sites for the heavy metals, thus removing them from the environment. This review focuses on the cell wall composition and structure of the most commonly used microalgae in heavy metal removal and shows the role of their cell wall in the biosorption process. This review also aims to report the most commonly used models to predict the velocity of microalgal biosorption and the removal capacities.
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47
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Lethal microbial blooms delayed freshwater ecosystem recovery following the end-Permian extinction. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5511. [PMID: 34535650 PMCID: PMC8448769 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25711-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmful algal and bacterial blooms linked to deforestation, soil loss and global warming are increasingly frequent in lakes and rivers. We demonstrate that climate changes and deforestation can drive recurrent microbial blooms, inhibiting the recovery of freshwater ecosystems for hundreds of millennia. From the stratigraphic successions of the Sydney Basin, Australia, our fossil, sedimentary and geochemical data reveal bloom events following forest ecosystem collapse during the most severe mass extinction in Earth’s history, the end-Permian event (EPE; c. 252.2 Ma). Microbial communities proliferated in lowland fresh and brackish waterbodies, with algal concentrations typical of modern blooms. These initiated before any trace of post-extinction recovery vegetation but recurred episodically for >100 kyrs. During the following 3 Myrs, algae and bacteria thrived within short-lived, poorly-oxygenated, and likely toxic lakes and rivers. Comparisons to global deep-time records indicate that microbial blooms are persistent freshwater ecological stressors during warming-driven extinction events. Harmful algal and bacterial blooms are increasingly frequent in lakes and rivers. From the Sydney Basin, Australia, this study uses fossil, sedimentary and geochemical data to reveal bloom events following forest ecosystem collapse during the end-Permian event and that blooms have consistently followed warming-related extinction events, inhibiting the recovery of freshwater ecosystems for millennia.
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48
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Rojo EM, Piedra I, González AM, Vega M, Bolado S. Effect of process parameters on the valorization of components from microalgal and microalgal-bacteria biomass by enzymatic hydrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 335:125256. [PMID: 33991882 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photobioreactors for wastewater treatment coupled with nutrient recovery from the biomass is a promising biorefinery platform but requires working with microalgae-bacteria consortia. This work compares the effect that hydrolysis time and different enzymes have on the solubilization and recovery of components from microalgae-bacteria grown in piggery wastewater and microalgae grown in synthetic media by enzymatic hydrolysis. Higher carbohydrate solubilizations were obtained from microalgae-bacteria than from pure microalgae (38.5% vs. 27% Celluclast, 5 h), as expected from the SEM images. Proteases solubilized xylose remarkably well, but xylose recovery was negligible in all experiments. Alcalase hydrolysis (5 h) provided the highest peptide recovery from both biomasses (≈34%), but the peptide sizes were lower than 10 kDa. Low peptide recoveries (<20%) but larger peptide sizes (up to 135 kDa) were obtained with Protamex. Pure microalgae resulted in remarkably higher losses, but similar amino acid profiles and peptide sizes were obtained from both biomasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena M Rojo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid. Spain
| | - Irene Piedra
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Marisol Vega
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid. Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Silvia Bolado
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid. Spain.
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49
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Ferraro G, Toranzo RM, Bagnato C, Gómez Jousse M, Areco MM, Bohé A, Bagnarol D, Pasquevich DM, Curutchet G. Native Desmodesmus sp. and Chlorella sp. isolated from the Reconquista River display a different binding preference for Cu(II) and Zn(II). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 293:112835. [PMID: 34062427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present work was developed to study the metal removal performance of unicellular algae isolated from the Reconquista River and to evaluate the effect of the presence of more than one metal in the removal process. Thus, native species of unicellular algae were isolated from the highly contaminated Reconquista River. All of the isolates were classified, at genus level, based on their morphological appearance. Nine isolates were screened for their Zn(II) removal capacities. Chlorella sp. RR5 and Desmodesmus sp. RR7 were selected based on their removal performance, and their potential in the remediation of multiple metals was analyzed. Therefore, zinc (Zn(II)), copper (Cu(II)), and chromium (Cr(VI)) removal was evaluated in mono- and multi-metallic solutions. Biosorption capacities were high (0.8-1.8 mmol g-1) for Zn(II) and Cu(II) in mono-metallic solutions. Removal capacities decreased up to 48% in multi-metallic solutions. Interestingly, when multi-metallic systems were considered, each strain showed a metal preference. Chlorella sp. removed better Cu(II) meanwhile Desmodesmus sp. showed a preference for Zn(II). Thus, a metal-binding selectivity in each strain was determined. Chromium (VI) remediation was almost null in the conditions analyzed in this work. Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis showed that polysaccharides were the main functional group involved in metal adsorption and, in some cases, also the carboxylates played an important role. Overall, we were able to analyze a new source of algal diversity and perform a metal removal characterization of them, leading to the identification of a metal selectivity based on the characteristics of the tested algal strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Ferraro
- Instituto de Energía y Desarrollo Sustentable, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Av. Bustillo 9500, CP 8400, S. C. de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Regina M Toranzo
- Instituto de Energía y Desarrollo Sustentable, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Av. Bustillo 9500, CP 8400, S. C. de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Carolina Bagnato
- Instituto de Energía y Desarrollo Sustentable, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Av. Bustillo 9500, CP 8400, S. C. de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Micaela Gómez Jousse
- Instituto de Energía y Desarrollo Sustentable, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Av. Bustillo 9500, CP 8400, S. C. de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - María Mar Areco
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental (3ia), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), 25 de Mayo y Francia, CP 1650, San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Ana Bohé
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica y Control de Calidad, Complejo Tecnológico Pilcaniyeu, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av. Bustillo 9500, 8400 S.C. de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Diego Bagnarol
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica y Control de Calidad, Complejo Tecnológico Pilcaniyeu, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av. Bustillo 9500, 8400 S.C. de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Daniel M Pasquevich
- Instituto de Energía y Desarrollo Sustentable, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Av. Bustillo 9500, CP 8400, S. C. de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Gustavo Curutchet
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental (3ia), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), 25 de Mayo y Francia, CP 1650, San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
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50
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Ross IL, Shah S, Hankamer B, Amiralian N. Microalgal nanocellulose - opportunities for a circular bioeconomy. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:924-939. [PMID: 34144878 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Over 3 billion years, photosynthetic algae have evolved complex uses for cellulose, the most abundant polymer worldwide. A major cell-wall component of lignocellulosic plants, seaweeds, microalgae, and bacteria, cellulose can be processed to nanocellulose, a promising nanomaterial with novel properties. The structural diversity of macro- and microalgal nanocelluloses opens opportunities to couple low-impact biomass production with novel, green-chemistry processing to yield valuable, sustainable nanomaterials for a multitude of applications ranging from novel wound dressings to organic solar cells. We review the origins of algal cellulose and the applications and uses of nanocellulose, and highlight the potential for microalgae as a nanocellulose source. Given the limited state of current knowledge, we identify research challenges and strategies to help to realise this potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian L Ross
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Sarah Shah
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ben Hankamer
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Nasim Amiralian
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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