1
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Ponce M, Anguís V, Fernández-Díaz C. Assessing the role of ulvan as immunonutrient in Solea senegalensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 146:109399. [PMID: 38296005 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Immunonutrition is a promising and viable strategy for the development of prophylactic measures in aquaculture. Ulvan, a sulphated marine polysaccharide from green seaweeds, has many biological activities including the immunomodulatory ones. The aim of this study was to assess the short and long-term effects of an ulvan-rich extract obtained from U. ohnoi as immunonutrient in Senegalese sole juveniles. In this work, an ulvan-rich extract from Ulva ohnoi has been obtained by the hot water method and isolated by ethanol precipitation. The FTIR analysis revealed that the ulvan-rich extact had very similar characteristics to previously published ulvan spectra. The total sulfate and protein content was 24.85 ± 3.98 and 0.91 ± 0.04 %, respectively. In vitro assays performed in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) macrophages showed that the ulvan obtained in this study did not compromise the cell viability at concentrations up to 1 mg ml-1 and expression levels of lyg, irf1, il6, il10, c7, tf and txn were significantly upregulated in a concentration dependent-manner. Finally, S. senegalensis juveniles were fed basal diets and diets supplemented with the ulvan-rich extract at ratios 1 and 2 % for 30 days and then, challenged with Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp). Thereafter, ulvan was withdrawn from the diet and all juveniles were fed the basal diet for 30 days. At 30 days post withdrawal (dpw), juveniles were challenged with Phdp. The expression profiles of a set of genes related to the immune system in spleen were evaluated as well as the lysozyme, peroxidase and bactericidal activity in plasma. Dietary effects of 1 % ulvan resulted in a boost of the immune response and increased disease resistance at short-term whereas juveniles fed diets supplemented with 2 % ulvan showed a significant decrease in the bactericidal activity and lack of protection against Phdp. At long-term (30 days after the withdrawal of ulvan), an improved response was observed in juveniles previously fed 1 % ulvan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Ponce
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500, El Puerto de Santa María (Cádiz), Spain.
| | - Victoria Anguís
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500, El Puerto de Santa María (Cádiz), Spain
| | - Catalina Fernández-Díaz
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500, El Puerto de Santa María (Cádiz), Spain
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2
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Ponce M, Zuasti E, Anguís V, Fernández-Díaz C. Anti-Bacterial and Immunostimulatory Properties of Ulvan-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles for Use in Aquaculture. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 26:19-27. [PMID: 38110743 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-023-10272-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Alternative prophylactic strategies to limit farm animal infection are needed in order to avoid the use of antibiotics. Anti-bacterial and immunostimulatory properties of bioactive compounds are of great interest in aquaculture. Marine derived polysaccharides, such as chitosan and ulvan, together with nanotechnology, have become the focus of attention in the scientific community due to their wide range of biological properties. In this work, chitosan and ulvan-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (referred as CS-TPP NPs and CS-UL-TPP NPs, respectively), obtained by the ionotropic gelation method, had round shape, and the mean sizes were 137.00 ± 5.44 and 325.50 ± 4.95 nm, respectively. No study about the anti-bacterial activity of both types of NPs against Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida, an important fish pathogen, has been reported so far. Furthermore, the potential immunostimulatory effects of CS-UL-TPP NPs after oral administration in fish have not yet been evaluated. The percentage of bacterial inhibition against P. damselae subsp. piscicida was determined through in vitro assays, and it was significantly higher in CS-UL-TPP NPs than in CS-TPP NPs at concentrations below 0.03 mg mL-1. The effects on the immune system of CS-TPP and CS-UL-TPP NPs were evaluated in Solea senegalensis juveniles at 30 days after oral administration. Lysozyme activity as well as gene expression levels of il1b, il6, hamp1, tf and c3 was significantly higher in CS-UL-TPP NP-treated groups than in the controls, and no significant differences were observed in CS-TPP NP-treated groups. Thus, ulvan extracted from the macroalgae Ulva ohnoi could improve anti-bacterial and immunostimulant properties of CS-TPP NPs thereby making them suitable to be used as vaccine adjuvant or as immunostimulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Ponce
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Camino Tiro Pichón S/N, 11500, El Puerto de Santa Maria, Cadiz, Spain.
| | - Eugenia Zuasti
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Camino Tiro Pichón S/N, 11500, El Puerto de Santa Maria, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Victoria Anguís
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Camino Tiro Pichón S/N, 11500, El Puerto de Santa Maria, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Catalina Fernández-Díaz
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Camino Tiro Pichón S/N, 11500, El Puerto de Santa Maria, Cadiz, Spain
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3
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Li C, Tang T, Du Y, Jiang L, Yao Z, Ning L, Zhu B. Ulvan and Ulva oligosaccharides: a systematic review of structure, preparation, biological activities and applications. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2023; 10:66. [PMID: 38647949 PMCID: PMC10991135 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00690-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulva is one of the main green algae causing green tide disasters. Ulvan is the primarily component polysaccharide of the cell wall of Ulva and its complex structure and monosaccharide composition resulted in various biological activities. However, the high-value and effective utilization of extracted ulvan have been obstructed by limitations ranging from large molecular weight and low solubility to poor bioavailability. Ulva oligosaccharide obtained by degrading ulvan can not only ideally retain the various biological activities of ulvan very well but also effectively solve the problems of low solubility and poor bioavailability. The preparation and biological activity studies of ulvan and Ulva oligosaccharides have become a hot spot in the field of marine biological resources development research. At present, the comprehensive reviews of ulvan and Ulva oligosaccharides are still scarce. What are overviewed in this paper are the chemical composition, structure, extraction, and purification of ulvan and Ulva oligosaccharides, where research progress on the biological activities of ulvan and Ulva oligosaccharides is summarized and prospected. A theoretical and practical basis has been provided for further research on ulvan and Ulva oligosaccharides, as well as the high-value development and effective utilization of marine algae resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrated Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tiancheng Tang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrated Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuguang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhong Yao
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Limin Ning
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrated Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Benwei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China.
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4
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Murphy EJ, Fehrenbach GW, Abidin IZ, Buckley C, Montgomery T, Pogue R, Murray P, Major I, Rezoagli E. Polysaccharides-Naturally Occurring Immune Modulators. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102373. [PMID: 37242947 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevention of disease and infection requires immune systems that operate effectively. This is accomplished by the elimination of infections and abnormal cells. Immune or biological therapy treats disease by either stimulating or inhibiting the immune system, dependent upon the circumstances. In plants, animals, and microbes, polysaccharides are abundant biomacromolecules. Due to the intricacy of their structure, polysaccharides may interact with and impact the immune response; hence, they play a crucial role in the treatment of several human illnesses. There is an urgent need for the identification of natural biomolecules that may prevent infection and treat chronic disease. This article addresses some of the naturally occurring polysaccharides of known therapeutic potential that have already been identified. This article also discusses extraction methods and immunological modulatory capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Murphy
- Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Midwest Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, V94EC5T Limerick, Ireland
- LIFE-Health and Biosciences Research Institute, Midwest Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, V94EC5T Limerick, Ireland
- PRISM, Research Institute, Midlands Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
| | - Gustavo Waltzer Fehrenbach
- PRISM, Research Institute, Midlands Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
- Applied Polymer Technologies, Midlands Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
| | - Ismin Zainol Abidin
- PRISM, Research Institute, Midlands Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
- Applied Polymer Technologies, Midlands Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
| | - Ciara Buckley
- PRISM, Research Institute, Midlands Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
- Applied Polymer Technologies, Midlands Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
| | - Therese Montgomery
- School of Science and Computing, Atlantic Technological University, H91 T8NW Galway, Ireland
| | - Robert Pogue
- Universidade Católica de Brasilia, QS 7 LOTE 1-Taguatinga, Brasília 71680-613, DF, Brazil
| | - Patrick Murray
- Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Midwest Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, V94EC5T Limerick, Ireland
- LIFE-Health and Biosciences Research Institute, Midwest Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, V94EC5T Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ian Major
- PRISM, Research Institute, Midlands Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
- Applied Polymer Technologies, Midlands Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
| | - Emanuele Rezoagli
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
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5
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Pradhan B, Bhuyan PP, Ki JS. Immunomodulatory, Antioxidant, Anticancer, and Pharmacokinetic Activity of Ulvan, a Seaweed-Derived Sulfated Polysaccharide: An Updated Comprehensive Review. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21050300. [PMID: 37233494 DOI: 10.3390/md21050300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most worldwide spread diseases and causes maximum death. Treatment of cancer depends on the host immune system and the type of drugs. The inefficiency of conventional cancer treatments as a result of drug resistance, nontargeted delivery, and chemotherapy-related negative side effects has caused bioactive phytochemicals to come into focus. As a result, recent years have seen an increase in research into screening and identifying natural compounds with anticancer properties. Recent studies on the isolation and use of polysaccharides derived from various marine algal species have revealed a variety of biological activities, including antioxidant and anticancer properties. Ulvan is a polysaccharide derived from various green seaweeds of the Ulva species in the family Ulvaceae. It has been demonstrated to have potent anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties through the modulation of antioxidants. It is vital to understand the mechanisms underlying the biotherapeutic activities of Ulvan in cancer and its role in immunomodulation. In this context, we reviewed the anticancer effects of ulvan based on its apoptotic effects and immunomodulatory activity. Additionally, we also focused on its pharmacokinetic studies in this review. Ulvan is the most conceivable candidate for use as a cancer therapeutic agent and could be used to boost immunity. Moreover, it may be established as an anticancer drug once its mechanisms of action are understood. Due to its high food and nutritive values, it can be used as a possible dietary supplement for cancer patients in the near future. This review may provide fresh perspectives on the potential novel role of ulvan, reveal a brand-new cancer-prevention strategy, and improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajita Pradhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, AIPH University, Bhubaneswar 752101, Odisha, India
| | - Prajna Paramita Bhuyan
- Department of Botany, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Baripada 757003, Odisha, India
| | - Jang-Seu Ki
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
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6
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Shah S, Famta P, Shahrukh S, Jain N, Vambhurkar G, Srinivasarao DA, Raghuvanshi RS, Singh SB, Srivastava S. Multifaceted applications of ulvan polysaccharides: Insights on biopharmaceutical avenues. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123669. [PMID: 36796555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Ulvans are water-soluble sulfated polysaccharides predominantly found in the cell wall of green algae. They hold unique characteristics that are attributed to their 3D conformation, functional groups along with the presence of saccharides and sulfate ions. Traditionally, ulvans are widely used as food supplements and probiotics owing to the high content of carbohydrates. Despite their widespread usage in food industry, an in-depth understanding is required for extrapolating their potential application as a nutraceutical and medicinal agent which could be beneficial in promoting human health and well-being. This review emphasizes novel therapeutic avenues where ulvan polysaccharides can be used beyond their nutritional applications. A collection of literature points towards multifarious applications of ulvan in various biomedical fields. Structural aspects along with extraction and purification methods have been discussed. The underlying molecular mechanisms associated with its biomedical potential in different therapeutic fields like oncology, infectious diseases, inflammation, neuroprotection and tissue engineering, etc. have been unravelled. Challenges associated with clinical translation and future perspectives have been deliberated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Shah
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Paras Famta
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Syed Shahrukh
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Naitik Jain
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Ganesh Vambhurkar
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Dadi A Srinivasarao
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Rajeev Singh Raghuvanshi
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India.
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7
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Wang H, Cao Z, Yao L, Feng T, Song S, Sun M. Insights into the Edible and Biodegradable Ulvan-Based Films and Coatings for Food Packaging. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081622. [PMID: 37107417 PMCID: PMC10137591 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, edible films or coatings that are made from algal polysaccharides have become promising candidates for replacing plastic-based packaging materials for food storage due to their non-toxic, biodegradable, biocompatible, and bioactive characteristics. Ulvan, a significant biopolymer with unique functional properties derived from marine green algae, has been extensively used in various sectors. However, there are fewer commercial applications of this sugar in the food packaging industry compared to many other algae-derived polysaccharides, such as alginates, carrageenan, and agar. This article aims to review the unparalleled chemical composition/structure and physiochemical properties of ulvan and the latest developments in ulvan-based edible films and coatings, thus highlighting their potential applications in the food packaging industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huatian Wang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Lingyun Yao
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Tao Feng
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Shiqing Song
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Min Sun
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
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8
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Flórez-Fernández N, Pontes JF, Guerreiro F, Afonso IT, Lollo G, Torres MD, Domínguez H, da Costa AMR, Grenha A. Fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus: Evaluation of the Impact of the Sulphate Content on Nanoparticle Production and Cell Toxicity. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:115. [PMID: 36827156 PMCID: PMC9966594 DOI: 10.3390/md21020115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition of seaweeds is complex, with vitamins, phenolic compounds, minerals, and polysaccharides being some of the factions comprising their structure. The main polysaccharide in brown seaweeds is fucoidan, and several biological activities have been associated with its structure. Chitosan is another marine biopolymer that is very popular in the biomedical field, owing to its suitable features for formulating drug delivery systems and, particularly, particulate systems. In this work, the ability of fucoidan to produce nanoparticles was evaluated, testing different amounts of a polymer and using chitosan as a counterion. Nanoparticles of 200-300 nm were obtained when fucoidan prevailed in the formulation, which also resulted in negatively charged nanoparticles. Adjusting the pH of the reaction media to 4 did not affect the physicochemical characteristics of the nanoparticles. The IC50 of fucoidan was determined, in both HCT-116 and A549 cells, to be around 160 µg/mL, whereas it raised to 675-100 µg/mL when nanoparticles (fucoidan/chitosan = 2/1, w/w) were tested. These marine materials (fucoidan and chitosan) provided features suitable to formulate polymeric nanoparticles to use in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Flórez-Fernández
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Centre for Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Grupo Biomasa y Desarrollo Sostenible (EQ-2), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Jorge F. Pontes
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Centre for Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Filipa Guerreiro
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Centre for Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Inês T. Afonso
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Centre for Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Giovanna Lollo
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LAGEPP CNRS, UMR 5007, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Maria Dolores Torres
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Grupo Biomasa y Desarrollo Sostenible (EQ-2), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Herminia Domínguez
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Grupo Biomasa y Desarrollo Sostenible (EQ-2), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Ana M. Rosa da Costa
- Algarve Chemistry Research Center (CIQA) and Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Ana Grenha
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Centre for Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
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9
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Okeke ES, Chukwudozie KI, Nyaruaba R, Ita RE, Oladipo A, Ejeromedoghene O, Atakpa EO, Agu CV, Okoye CO. Antibiotic resistance in aquaculture and aquatic organisms: a review of current nanotechnology applications for sustainable management. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:69241-69274. [PMID: 35969340 PMCID: PMC9376131 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22319-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture has emerged as one of the world's fastest-growing food industries in recent years, helping food security and boosting global economic status. The indiscriminate disposal of untreated or improperly managed waste and effluents from different sources including production plants, food processing sectors, and healthcare sectors release various contaminants such as bioactive compounds and unmetabolized antibiotics, and antibiotic-resistant organisms into the environment. These emerging contaminants (ECs), especially antibiotics, have the potential to pollute the environment, particularly the aquatic ecosystem due to their widespread use in aquaculture, leading to various toxicological effects on aquatic organisms as well as long-term persistence in the environment. However, various forms of nanotechnology-based technologies are now being explored to assist other remediation technologies to boost productivity, efficiency, and sustainability. In this review, we critically highlighted several ecofriendly nanotechnological methods including nanodrug and vaccine delivery, nanoformulations, and nanosensor for their antimicrobial effects in aquaculture and aquatic organisms, potential public health risks associated with nanoparticles, and their mitigation measures for sustainable management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Sunday Okeke
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 41000, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 41000, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment & Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- Organisation of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kingsley Ikechukwu Chukwudozie
- Organisation of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nigeria
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Raphael Nyaruaba
- Organisation of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, Nairobi, Kenya
- Center for Biosafety Megascience, Wuhan Institute of Virology, CAS, Wuhan, China
| | - Richard Ekeng Ita
- Organisation of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, Nairobi, Kenya
- Ritman University, Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
| | - Abiodun Oladipo
- Organisation of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, Nairobi, Kenya
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Onome Ejeromedoghene
- Organisation of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, Nairobi, Kenya
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Edidiong Okokon Atakpa
- Organisation of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, Nairobi, Kenya
- Institute of Marine Biology & Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Animal & Environmental Biology, University of Uyo, Uyo, 1017, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
| | | | - Charles Obinwanne Okoye
- Organisation of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, Nairobi, Kenya.
- Department of Zoology & Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nigeria.
- School of Environment & Safety Engineering, Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Machinery Equipment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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10
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Karthik C, Caroline DG, Pandi Prabha S. Nanochitosan augmented with essential oils and extracts as an edible antimicrobial coating for the shelf life extension of fresh produce: a review. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03901-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Cerezo IM, Fumanal M, Tapia-Paniagua ST, Bautista R, Anguís V, Fernández-Díaz C, Alarcón FJ, Moriñigo MA, Balebona MC. Solea senegalensis Bacterial Intestinal Microbiota Is Affected by Low Dietary Inclusion of Ulva ohnoi. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:801744. [PMID: 35211100 PMCID: PMC8861459 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.801744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The inclusion of macroalgae in the diets of farmed fish offers the opportunity for an added-value dietary ingredient to the nutraceutical feed. The composition of algae varies greatly among species. Several Ulva species have been considered in aquafeed formulations for different farmed fish, and Ulva ohnoi is being applied recently. However, the effects of seaweed dietary inclusion on the host must be evaluated. Considering the important role of the host intestinal microbiota, the potential effects of U. ohnoi dietary inclusion need to be studied. In this study, the characterization of the intestinal microbiome of Solea senegalensis, a flatfish with high potential for aquaculture in South Europe, receiving U. ohnoi (5%)-supplemented diet for 90 days has been carried out. In addition, the functional profiles of bacterial communities have been determined by using PICRUSt, a computational approach to predict the functional composition of a metagenome by using marker gene data and a database of reference genomes. The results show that long-term dietary administration of U. ohnoi (5%)-supplemented feed modulates S. senegalensis intestinal microbiota, especially in the posterior intestinal section. Increased relative abundance of Vibrio jointly with decreased Stenotrophomonas genus has been detected in fish receiving Ulva diet compared to control-fed fish. The influence of the diet on the intestinal functionality of S. senegalensis has been studied for the first time. Changes in bacterial composition were accompanied by differences in predicted microbiota functionality. Increased abundance of predicted genes involved in xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism were observed in the microbiota when U. ohnoi diet was used. On the contrary, predicted percentages of genes associated to penicillin and cephalosporin biosynthesis as well as beta-lactam resistance were reduced after feeding with Ulva diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M. Cerezo
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Ceimar-Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Bioinformática – SCBI, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Milena Fumanal
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Ceimar-Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Rocio Bautista
- Unidad de Bioinformática – SCBI, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Miguel A. Moriñigo
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Ceimar-Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - M. Carmen Balebona
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Ceimar-Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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12
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Carvalho DN, Reis RL, Silva TH. Marine origin materials on biomaterials and advanced therapies to cartilage tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:6718-6736. [PMID: 34494053 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00809a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The body's self-repair capacity is limited, including injuries on articular cartilage zones. Over the past few decades, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) has focused its studies on the development of natural biomaterials for clinical applications aiming to overcome this self-therapeutic bottleneck. This review focuses on the development of these biomaterials using compounds and materials from marine sources that are able to be produced in a sustainable way, as an alternative to mammal sources (e.g., collagens) and benefiting from their biological properties, such as biocompatibility, low antigenicity, biodegradability, among others. The structure and composition of the new biomaterials require mimicking the native extracellular matrix (ECM) of articular cartilage tissue. To design an ideal temporary tissue-scaffold, it needs to provide a suitable environment for cell growth (cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation), towards the regeneration of the damaged tissues. Overall, the purpose of this review is to summarize various marine sources to be used in the development of different tissue-scaffolds with the capability to sustain cells envisaging cartilage tissue engineering, analysing the systems displaying more promising performance, while pointing out current limitations and steps to be given in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duarte Nuno Carvalho
- 3B's Research Group, I3B's - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's - P.T. Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3B's - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's - P.T. Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Tiago H Silva
- 3B's Research Group, I3B's - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's - P.T. Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Rosmarinic Acid and Ulvan from Terrestrial and Marine Sources in Anti-Microbial Bionanosystems and Biomaterials. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11199249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In order to increase their sustainability, antimicrobial renewable molecules are fundamental additions to consumer goods. Rosmarinic acid is extracted from several terrestrial plants and represents an effective anti-microbial agent. Ulvan, extracted from algae, is an anti-microbial polysaccharide. The present review is dedicated to discussing the sources and the extraction methodologies for obtaining rosmarinic acid and ulvan. Moreover, the preparation of bioanosystems, integrating the two molecules with organic or inorganic substrates, are reviewed as methodologies to increase their effectiveness and stability. Finally, the possibility of preparing functional biomaterials and anti-microbial final products is discussed, considering scientific literature. The performed analysis indicated that the production of both molecules is not yet performed with mature industrial technologies. Nevertheless, both molecules could potentially be used in the packaging, biomedical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, sanitary and personal care sectors, despite some research being required for developing functional materials with specific properties to pave the way for many more applications.
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Harikrishnan R, Devi G, Van Doan H, Balasundaram C, Arockiaraj J, Jagruthi C. Efficacy of ulvan on immune response and immuno-antioxidant gene modulation in Labeo rohita against columnaris disease. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 117:262-273. [PMID: 34384870 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the effect of ulvan enriched diet on the influence of growth, changes in hemato-biochemical indices, improvement of antioxidant system, enhancement of innate-adaptive immunity and modification of immuno-antioxidant genes expression in Labeo rohita against Flavobacterium columnaris. The weight gain (WG) was significantly high (P > 0.05) in unchallenged normal and challenged fish fed with diets enriched with 25 and 50 mg kg-1 ulvan; the FCR was better (P > 0.05) when fed with 50 mg kg-1 enriched diet. In normal fish fed with or without ulvan supplementation was noted 100% survival rate (SR). In both groups, the red blood cell (RBC) and while blood cell (WBC) counts increased significantly (P > 0.05) when fed with 50 mg kg-1 ulvan diet whereas the hemoglobin (Hb) level increased significantly on being fed with 25 and 50 mg kg-1 ulvan diets. The SOD activity was enhanced significantly in both groups fed with any dose of ulvan diets whereas the MDA and GPx activity increased only with 25 and 50 mg kg-1 ulvan diets. The phagocytic (PC) activity significantly increased with any enriched diet and control diet groups while the respiratory burst (RB) activity increased only with 50 mg kg-1 ulvan diet. The alternate complement pathway (ACP), activity of lysozyme (Lyz), and immunoglobuline M (IgM) were better in both groups fed with 50 mg kg-1 ulvan diet. The SOD and GPx antioxidant gene expression were significantly high in both groups fed with any ulvan diet while the Nrf2 gene expression was high with 50 mg kg-1 ulvan diet. The IL-1β, TNFα, hepcidin, Lyz, and IgM cytokines or proteins mRNA expression were significant in both groups fed with all ulvan supplement diet whereas the β-2M expression was significant only with 50 mg kg-1 ulvan diet. The present research indicates that both L. rohita groups fed with 50 mg kg-1 ulvan diet significantly improved growth, antioxidant system, immune defense system, and immuno-antioxidant related gene expression against F. columnaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gunapathy Devi
- Department of Zoology, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti 621 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Chellam Balasundaram
- Department of Herbal and Environmental Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur, 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chandrasekar Jagruthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharath College of Science and Management, Thanjavur 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
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Crosslinked complex films based on chitosan and ulvan with antioxidant and whitening activities. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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16
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Ponce M, Zuasti E, Reales E, Anguís V, Fernández-Díaz C. Evaluation of an oral DNA nanovaccine against photobacteriosis in Solea senegalensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 117:157-168. [PMID: 34358703 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are one of the main causes of social and economical losses in world aquaculture. Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) is an important species for aquaculture in southern Europe, whose production is affected by the appearance of bacterial diseases such as photobacteriosis, a septicemia caused by Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp). The aim of this study was to obtain an oral DNA nanovaccine and to evaluate its efficacy against Phdp in S. senegalensis juveniles. For this purpose, the amplified product corresponding to the protein inosine-5'-monophophate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) from Phdp, was cloned into the expression vector pcDNA™6.2/C-EmGFP-GW obtaining the DNA vaccine named as pPDPimpdh. The correct transcription and protein expression was verified at 48 h post tansfection in HEK293 cells. Chitosan nanoparticles (CS-TPP NPs) were prepared by ionotropic gelation and their features were appropriate for use as oral delivery system. Therefore, pPDPimpdh was protected with chitosan CS-TPP NPs throughout complex coacervation method giving as a result a DNA nanovaccine referred as CS-TPP+pPDPimpdh NPs. Sole juveniles were vaccinated orally with CS-TPP NPs, pPDPimpdh and CS-TPP+pPDPimpdh NPs followed by a challenge with Phdp at 30 days post vaccination (dpv). The relative percentage survival (RPS) for pPDPimpdh vaccinated groups was 6.25%, probably due to its degradation in the digestive tract. RPS value obtained for CS-TPP NPs and CS-TPP+pPDPimpdh NPs was 40% and antibodies were observed in both cases. However, a delay in mortality was observed in sole juveniles vaccinated orally with CS-TPP+pPDPimpdh NPs. In fact, an upregulation of tf, mhcII, cd8a and igm in the posterior gut and c3, hamp1, tf and cd4 in spleen was observed in juveniles vaccinated with CS-TPP+pPDPimpdh NPs. After challenge, a modulation of cd8a and cd4 expression levels in the posterior gut and c3, tf, lyg, cd4, igm and igt expression levels in spleen was observed. Moreover, the concentration of lysozyme in skin mucus significantly increased in fish vaccinated orally with CS-TPP+pPDPimpdh NPs at 11 dpc. These data indicate that oral vaccination with CS-TPP+pPDPimpdh NPs could be acting through the non-specific immune responses as well as the specific humoral and cell mediated immunity and provide the first step toward a development of an oral DNA nanovaccine against Phdp in sole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Ponce
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño. Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500 El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Eugenia Zuasti
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño. Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500 El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Elena Reales
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Sciences, University of Cadiz, and Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Victoria Anguís
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño. Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500 El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Catalina Fernández-Díaz
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño. Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500 El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain.
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Sulastri E, Lesmana R, Zubair MS, Elamin KM, Wathoni N. A Comprehensive Review on Ulvan Based Hydrogel and Its Biomedical Applications. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 69:432-443. [PMID: 33952853 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ulvan is a natural sulfated polysaccharide obtained from marine green algae composed of 3-sulfated rhamnoglucuronan as the main component. It has a unique chemical structure that rich of L-rhamnosa, D-glucuronic acid, and L-iduronic acid. Ulvan has a similar structure to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in mammals including chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and heparan sulfate that has broad range applications for many years. Here, we provide an overview of ulvan based hydrogels for biomedical applications. Hydrogels are one of ulvan advances in polymer science for application in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and wound healing. This review presented an overview about functional information of ulvan based hydrogels and the promising potential in biomedicals collected from published papers in Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Other important aspects concerning properties, hydrogel-forming mechanisms, and ulvan based hydrogel developments were reported as well. As conclusion, ulvan showed interesting properties in forming hydrogels and promising advances in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evi Sulastri
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Tadulako
| | - Ronny Lesmana
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biology Cell, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran
| | | | - Khaled M Elamin
- Global Center for Natural Resources Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Nasrul Wathoni
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran
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18
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Martínez-Antequera FP, Martos-Sitcha JA, Reyna JM, Moyano FJ. Evaluation of the Inclusion of the Green Seaweed Ulva ohnoi as an Ingredient in Feeds for Gilthead Sea Bream ( Sparus aurata) and European Sea Bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061684. [PMID: 34198878 PMCID: PMC8229224 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The use of seaweeds in aquafeeds is receiving increasing attention due to their potential nutritional and functional benefits. However, several green seaweeds such as Ulva presents nutritional limitations because of the undigestible polysaccharides, although these may exert a positive effect on the immunological status of the fish. The present study developed three different experiments aimed to re-evaluate the presence of protease inhibitors described for Ulva ohnoi, to assess its nutritional value as an ingredient and also to evaluate its potential protective effect on the oxidative metabolism of fish, being experiments developed in two different fish species (European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax and gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata). Results indicate the absence of negative effects of U. ohnoi on protein digestion of sea bream but a limited value as a feed ingredient. In contrast, its contents in bioactives seem to be correlated to the observed positive effects on the immune status and oxidative metabolism when fish are challenged by the consumption of highly oxidized dietary oil. Abstract This study evaluated the use of Ulva ohnoi as an ingredient in feeds for aquaculture in three different experiments. Experiment 1 was oriented to confirm the negative effect of U. ohnoi on fish digestion. Experiment 2 assessed the effect on growth, feed efficiency, and immune status of juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed on diets including U. ohnoi, previously treated or not with carbohydrases used to partially hydrolyze indigestible polysaccharides. Experiment 3 was aimed to evaluate the potential protective effect of U. ohnoi on the oxidative status of sea bream (Sparus aurata) challenged by the consumption of a feed formulated with the oil fraction completely oxidized. Results show a negligible effect of U. ohnoi meal on protein digestion when included in feeds at levels of 10% or less. Moreover, results of growth and feed use evidenced the possibility of using up to 5% inclusion of algal meal in feeds without adverse effects on the zootechnical parameters, while the enzyme pretreatment was ineffective to improve its nutritional use. Finally, the inclusion of U. onhoi in feeds determined both an immunostimulatory effect, evidenced by an increase in skin mucus lysozyme in the two mentioned fish species, and a positive influence on the oxidative metabolism of seabream when fed on a diet including rancid oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca P. Martínez-Antequera
- Department of Biology and Geology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Juan A. Martos-Sitcha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), University of Cádiz, 11519 Cádiz, Spain;
| | - Jose M. Reyna
- CTAQUA Centro Tecnológico de Acuicultura, Commercial Dock S/N, 11500 Cádiz, Spain;
| | - Francisco J. Moyano
- Department of Biology and Geology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain;
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Thépot V, Campbell AH, Paul NA, Rimmer MA. Seaweed dietary supplements enhance the innate immune response of the mottled rabbitfish, Siganus fuscescens. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 113:176-184. [PMID: 33823246 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Disease is one of the major bottlenecks for aquaculture development, costing the industry in excess of US $6 billion each year. The increase in pressure to phase out some traditional approaches to disease control (e.g. antibiotics) is pushing farmers to search for alternatives to treat and prevent disease outbreaks, which do not have detrimental consequences (e.g. antibiotic resistance). We tested the effects of eleven seaweed species and four established fish immunostimulants on the innate immune response (cellular and humoral immunity) of the rabbitfish Siganus fuscescens. All supplements including different seaweeds from the three groups (Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta) were included in the fish pellet at 3% (by weight) and had variably positive effects across the four innate immune parameters we measured compared to control fish. Diets supplemented with the red seaweed Asparagopsis taxiformis and the brown seaweed Dictyota intermedia led to the largest boosts in humoral and cellular innate immune defences, including particularly significant increases in haemolytic activity. Diets supplemented with Ulva fasciata also led to promising positive effects on the fish innate immune responses. We conclude that dietary seaweed supplements can boost the immune response of S. fuscescens and thus the top three species highlighted in this study should be further investigated for this emerging aquaculture species and other fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Thépot
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, The University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, 4556, Australia.
| | - Alexandra H Campbell
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, 4556, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Paul
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, The University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, 4556, Australia
| | - Michael A Rimmer
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, The University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, 4556, Australia
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Bhoopathy S, Inbakandan D, Thirugnanasambandam R, Kumar C, Sampath P, Bethunaickan R, Raguraman V, Vijayakumar GK. A comparative study on chitosan nanoparticle synthesis methodologies for application in aquaculture through toxicity studies. IET Nanobiotechnol 2021; 15:418-426. [PMID: 34694707 PMCID: PMC8675861 DOI: 10.1049/nbt2.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) have been recently used for various applications in aquaculture, especially as drug carriers. The aim of this study was to synthesise and investigate a superlative method of CSNP synthesis for application in aquaculture through aquaculture-based toxicology screening methods. Two different methods were analysed: the first a direct ionic gelation method (A) and the other involving a low-molecular-weight chitosan microparticle intermediate method (B). Dynamic light scattering characterisation revealed that the CSNP particle sizes were 192.7 ± 11.8 and 22.9 nm from methods A and B, respectively. The LC50 values for brine shrimp toxicity were found to be 1.51 and 0.02 ppt in 24 h for methods A and B, respectively. Acute toxicity studies in Litopenaeus vannamei rendered LC50 values of 3235.94 and 2884.03 ppt in 24 h for methods A and B, respectively. Zebrafish toxicity studies revealed mortality rates of 21.67% and 55% at 20 mg/L concentration for methods A and B, respectively, with an increased expression of intracellular reactive oxygen species in method B. From these findings, it can be concluded that a comparatively reduced toxicity of CSNPs derived from ionic gelation method makes it more appropriate for application in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subashni Bhoopathy
- Centre for Ocean Research (DST‐FIST Sponsored Centre)MoES—Earth Science & Technology Cell (Marine Biotechnological Studies)Col. Dr. Jeppiaar Research ParkSathyabama Institute of Science and TechnologyChennaiIndia
| | - Dhinakaraswamy Inbakandan
- Centre for Ocean Research (DST‐FIST Sponsored Centre)MoES—Earth Science & Technology Cell (Marine Biotechnological Studies)Col. Dr. Jeppiaar Research ParkSathyabama Institute of Science and TechnologyChennaiIndia
| | - Rajendran Thirugnanasambandam
- Centre for Ocean Research (DST‐FIST Sponsored Centre)MoES—Earth Science & Technology Cell (Marine Biotechnological Studies)Col. Dr. Jeppiaar Research ParkSathyabama Institute of Science and TechnologyChennaiIndia
| | - Chandrasekaran Kumar
- Centre for Ocean Research (DST‐FIST Sponsored Centre)MoES—Earth Science & Technology Cell (Marine Biotechnological Studies)Col. Dr. Jeppiaar Research ParkSathyabama Institute of Science and TechnologyChennaiIndia
| | - Pavithra Sampath
- Department of ImmunologyNational Institute for Research in TuberculosisChennaiIndia
| | | | - Vasantharaja Raguraman
- Centre for Ocean Research (DST‐FIST Sponsored Centre)MoES—Earth Science & Technology Cell (Marine Biotechnological Studies)Col. Dr. Jeppiaar Research ParkSathyabama Institute of Science and TechnologyChennaiIndia
| | - Ganesh Kumar Vijayakumar
- Centre for Ocean Research (DST‐FIST Sponsored Centre)MoES—Earth Science & Technology Cell (Marine Biotechnological Studies)Col. Dr. Jeppiaar Research ParkSathyabama Institute of Science and TechnologyChennaiIndia
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Andrade RGD, Reis B, Costas B, Lima SAC, Reis S. Modulation of Macrophages M1/M2 Polarization Using Carbohydrate-Functionalized Polymeric Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:polym13010088. [PMID: 33379389 PMCID: PMC7796279 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploiting surface endocytosis receptors using carbohydrate-conjugated nanocarriers brings outstanding approaches to an efficient delivery towards a specific target. Macrophages are cells of innate immunity found throughout the body. Plasticity of macrophages is evidenced by alterations in phenotypic polarization in response to stimuli, and is associated with changes in effector molecules, receptor expression, and cytokine profile. M1-polarized macrophages are involved in pro-inflammatory responses while M2 macrophages are capable of anti-inflammatory response and tissue repair. Modulation of macrophages’ activation state is an effective approach for several disease therapies, mediated by carbohydrate-coated nanocarriers. In this review, polymeric nanocarriers targeting macrophages are described in terms of production methods and conjugation strategies, highlighting the role of mannose receptor in the polarization of macrophages, and targeting approaches for infectious diseases, cancer immunotherapy, and prevention. Translation of this nanomedicine approach still requires further elucidation of the interaction mechanism between nanocarriers and macrophages towards clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel G. D. Andrade
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Bruno Reis
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (B.R.); (B.C.); (S.R.)
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Benjamin Costas
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (B.R.); (B.C.); (S.R.)
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia A. Costa Lima
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
| | - Salette Reis
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (B.R.); (B.C.); (S.R.)
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Liu Z, Sun X. A Critical Review of the Abilities, Determinants, and Possible Molecular Mechanisms of Seaweed Polysaccharides Antioxidants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7774. [PMID: 33096625 PMCID: PMC7589308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress induces various cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and cancer diseases, caused by excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). It is attributed to the lack of sufficient antioxidant defense capacity to eliminate unnecessary ROS. Seaweeds are largely cultivated for their edible and commercial purposes. Excessive proliferation of some seaweeds has occurred in coastal areas, causing environmental and economic disasters, and even threating human health. Removing and disposing of the excess seaweeds are costly and labor-intensive with few rewards. Therefore, improving the value of seaweeds utilizes this resource, but also deals with the accumulated biomass in the environment. Seaweed has been demonstrated to be a great source of polysaccharides antioxidants, which are effective in enhancing the antioxidant system in humans and animals. They have been reported to be a healthful method to prevent and/or reduce oxidative damage. Current studies indicate that they have a good potential for treating various diseases. Polysaccharides, the main components in seaweeds, are commonly used as industrial feedstock. They are readily extracted by aqueous and acetone solutions. This study attempts to review the current researches related to seaweed polysaccharides as an antioxidant. We discuss the main categories, their antioxidant abilities, their determinants, and their possible molecular mechanisms of action. This review proposes possible high-value ways to utilize seaweed resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Xian Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 511458, China
- Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
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Wu Y, Rashidpour A, Almajano MP, Metón I. Chitosan-Based Drug Delivery System: Applications in Fish Biotechnology. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1177. [PMID: 32455572 PMCID: PMC7285272 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is increasingly used for safe nucleic acid delivery in gene therapy studies, due to well-known properties such as bioadhesion, low toxicity, biodegradability and biocompatibility. Furthermore, chitosan derivatization can be easily performed to improve the solubility and stability of chitosan-nucleic acid polyplexes, and enhance efficient target cell drug delivery, cell uptake, intracellular endosomal escape, unpacking and nuclear import of expression plasmids. As in other fields, chitosan is a promising drug delivery vector with great potential for the fish farming industry. This review highlights state-of-the-art assays using chitosan-based methodologies for delivering nucleic acids into cells, and focuses attention on recent advances in chitosan-mediated gene delivery for fish biotechnology applications. The efficiency of chitosan for gene therapy studies in fish biotechnology is discussed in fields such as fish vaccination against bacterial and viral infection, control of gonadal development and gene overexpression and silencing for overcoming metabolic limitations, such as dependence on protein-rich diets and the low glucose tolerance of farmed fish. Finally, challenges and perspectives on the future developments of chitosan-based gene delivery in fish are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbing Wu
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Joan XXIII 27–31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (Y.W.); (A.R.)
| | - Ania Rashidpour
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Joan XXIII 27–31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (Y.W.); (A.R.)
| | - María Pilar Almajano
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Isidoro Metón
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Joan XXIII 27–31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (Y.W.); (A.R.)
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Ponce M, Zuasti E, Anguís V, Fernández-Díaz C. Effects of the sulfated polysaccharide ulvan from Ulva ohnoi on the modulation of the immune response in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 100:27-40. [PMID: 32113938 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides derived from green seaweeds exhibit many beneficial biological activities and have great potential to be used as nutraceutical in aquaculture. In this work, we evaluated the effects of the sulfated polysaccharide ulvan from Ulva ohnoi on Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) juveniles at the transcriptomic level. Cytotoxicity assay performed in liver primary cell cultures from sole determined that the different ulvan concentrations assayed did not impair cell viability. Juveniles were intraperitoneally (IP) injected with ulvan (0.5 mg/fish) followed by a challenge with Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp) at 7 days. RNASeq analyses at 2 days post injection (dpi) revealed that 402 transcripts were differentially expressed in liver between ulvan IP injected and control groups before the challenge. Genes related to bacterial and antiviral defence, complement system, chemokines, proteasomes and antigen presentation were upregulated in ulvan treated groups. A detailed expression analysis of sixteen genes related to innate and adaptive immune system was performed in two systemic tissues: liver and spleen. Ulvan injection provoked the upregulation of tlr22 and a transient inflammatory response was initiated in both liver and spleen at 2 dpi. As consequence, expression of acute phase proteins, antimicrobial peptides and complement genes was induced. Moreover, expression of mhcI, mhcII, psmb10 and bcl6 was also induced 2 dpi. At 2 dpi with Phdp, inflammatory cytokines and genes related to bacterial and antiviral defense, iron metabolism, complement system and antigen presentation were differentially modulated in survival juveniles previously IP injected with ulvan. Moreover, mortality was retarded in ulvan treated juveniles. These results provide new evidence about the role of ulvan as a bioactive compound with immunomodulatory activity in Senegalese sole as well as its possible use as vaccine adjuvant against Phdp. This is the first published study that evaluates the transcriptomic response of Senegalese sole IP injected with ulvan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Ponce
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500, El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Eugenia Zuasti
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500, El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Victoria Anguís
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500, El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Catalina Fernández-Díaz
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500, El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain.
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25
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Fumanal M, Di Zeo DE, Anguís V, Fernández-Diaz C, Alarcón FJ, Piñera R, Albaladejo-Riad N, Esteban MA, Moriñigo MA, Balebona MC. Inclusion of dietary Ulva ohnoi 5% modulates Solea senegalensis immune response during Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 100:186-197. [PMID: 32145450 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Macroalgae represent valuable sources of functional ingredients for fish diets, and the influence of supplemented aquafeeds on growth performance has been studied for some fish and seaweed species. In the present work, the potential immunomodulation exerted by U. ohnoi (5%) as dietary ingredient was investigated in Senegalese sole. After feeding with the experimental diets for 90 d, fish immune response before and after challenge with Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp) was assessed. In absence of infection, systemic immune response was not modified by 5% U. ohnoi dietary inclusion for 90 d. Thus, no differences in liver and head kidney immune gene transcription or serum lysozyme, peroxidase, antiprotease and complement activities were observed based on the diet received by Senegalese sole specimens. Regarding mucosal immune parameters, no changes in gene transcription were detected in the skin and gills, whilst only tnf, cd4 and cd8 were significantly up-regulated in the intestine of fish fed with U. ohnoi, compared to the values obtained with control diet. On the contrary, when S. senegalensis specimens were challenged with Phdp, modulation of the immune response consisting in increased transcription of genes encoding complement (c1q4, c3, c9), lysozyme g (lysg), tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnfα) as well as those involved in the antioxidant response (gpx, sodmn) and iron metabolism (ferrm, hamp-1) was observed in the liver of fish fed with U. ohnoi. In parallel, decreased inflammatory cytokine and complement encoding gene transcription was displayed by the spleen of fish receiving the algal diet. Though mortality rates due to Phdp challenge were not affected by the diet received, lower pathogen loads were detected in the liver of soles receiving U. ohnoi diet. Further research to investigate the effects of higher inclusion levels of this seaweed in fish diets, feeding during short periods as wells as to assess the response against other pathogens needs to be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Fumanal
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucia Tech, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Daniel E Di Zeo
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucia Tech, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Victoria Anguís
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500, El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Catalina Fernández-Diaz
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500, El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
| | - F Javier Alarcón
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Rocío Piñera
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Nora Albaladejo-Riad
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Angeles Esteban
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel A Moriñigo
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucia Tech, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Carmen Balebona
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucia Tech, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain.
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26
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Kidgell JT, Glasson CRK, Magnusson M, Vamvounis G, Sims IM, Carnachan SM, Hinkley SFR, Lopata AL, de Nys R, Taki AC. The molecular weight of ulvan affects the in vitro inflammatory response of a murine macrophage. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:839-848. [PMID: 32057850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ulvan, a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from the green seaweed genus Ulva, has bioactive properties including an immunomodulating capacity. The immunomodulatory capacity of ulvan from Ulva ohnoi, however, has not been assessed in detail. We depolymerised purified ulvan from U. ohnoi to obtain a range of molecular weight fractions (Mw 7, 9, 13, 21, 209 kDa), which were characterised by constituent sugar analysis, SEC-MALLS, and NMR. Ulvan fractions contained 48.8-54.7 mol% rhamnose, 32.5-35.9 mol% glucuronic acid, 4.5-7.3 mol% iduronic acid, and 3.3-5.6 mol% xylose. 1H and 13C NMR was consistent with hydrolysis occurring at the anomeric centre without further modification to the oligosaccharide structure. The in vitro immunomodulatory effect of ulvan fractions was quantified by measuring levels of inflammatory-mediating signalling molecules released from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 murine macrophages. All ulvan fractions showed no toxicity on RAW264.7 cells at concentrations below 100 μg mL-1 over 48 h. Secreted interleukin-10 and prostaglandin E2 demonstrated an anti-inflammatory effect by higher molecular weight ulvan fractions at 100 μg mL-1. To a lesser extent, these fractions also enhanced the LPS-induced inflammation through minor increases of IL-1β and IL-6. This study confirms that ulvan from U. ohnoi has a mild in vitro immunomodulatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel T Kidgell
- MACRO - The Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.
| | | | - Marie Magnusson
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Tauranga, New Zealand
| | - George Vamvounis
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Ian M Sims
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Susan M Carnachan
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Simon F R Hinkley
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Andreas L Lopata
- Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Rocky de Nys
- MACRO - The Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Aya C Taki
- Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia; Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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27
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Ahmed F, Soliman FM, Adly MA, Soliman HAM, El-Matbouli M, Saleh M. Recent progress in biomedical applications of chitosan and its nanocomposites in aquaculture: A review. Res Vet Sci 2019; 126:68-82. [PMID: 31442715 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) are the nanostructures of chitosan biopolymer which is derived from chitin polysaccharide, the main component of crustacean shells. Chitosan is a biocompatible, nontoxic and biodegradable polymer soluble in acidic solutions and easily excreted from kidneys. It is widely used in medical and pharmaceutical applications including artificial matrices for tissue engineering, drug transport, targeted drug delivery and protein or gene delivery. The antimicrobial activities of chitosan and CSNPS against different bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens made them valuable for several biological applications including food preservation purposes. In addition, they have immunomodulatory effects on fish and crustaceans providing direct positive impact on aquaculture and fish farming industry. Sustained release of some bioactive ingredients such as hormones, vitamins, nutrients and antioxidants has improved the biological activities of fish. Furthermore, CSNPs have recently been employed to diagnose fish diseases. In this review, we present the medical and biological applications of chitosan and CSNPs on aquatics to provide an update on recent advances and the potential for further advanced applications for aquaculture in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Ahmed
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Faiza M Soliman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Adly
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Hamdy A M Soliman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Mansour El-Matbouli
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mona Saleh
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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