1
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Pua LDCG, Margareth Arrieta L, Rincon Montenegro JC, Di Mare Pareja LA, Triana YP, Reyes AF, Paredes Mendez VN. Enhancing corrosion resistance of biodegradable magnesium with dicalcium phosphate dihydrate and Chlorella sp. biomass. iScience 2024; 27:110761. [PMID: 39314238 PMCID: PMC11418139 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnesium shows promise as a material for temporary fixation, yet its rapid corrosion poses health risks due to metal ion release. To mitigate these concerns, a biofunctionalization approach involving dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) compounds and Chlorella sp. biomass was employed via electrodeposition, silanization, and dip-coating. Surface characterization using XRD, FTIR, and SEM confirmed successful deposition and immobilization. Corrosion behavior was assessed through electrochemical, immersion, and atomic absorption tests, revealing improved resistance and reduced Mg2+ ion release. The coatings demonstrated significant enhancement in corrosion resistance, guarding against pitting and cracks. The findings suggest the potential of Mg/DCPD and Mg/DCPD/microalgae coatings in addressing corrosion-related risks in temporary fixation applications, promising improved biocompatibility and longevity for medical implants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lily Margareth Arrieta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Km 5 Via Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | | | | | - Yaneth Pineda Triana
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnologica de Colombia, Avenida Central del Norte 39-115, Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia
| | - Ana Fonseca Reyes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Km 5 Via Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Virginia Nathaly Paredes Mendez
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Universidad del Norte, Km5 Vía Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla, Colombia
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
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2
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Cheng S, Zhang H, Wang H, Mubashar M, Li L, Zhang X. Influence of algal organic matter in the in-situ flotation removal of Microcystis using positively charged bubbles. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 397:130468. [PMID: 38378102 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Positively charged bubbles efficiently capture and remove negatively charged algal cells without relying on coagulation-flocculation. However, the efficiency is notably influenced by the presence of algal organic matter (AOM). This study investigated the impact of AOM composition on flotation performance by analyzing AOM from various growth phases of Microcystis flos-aquae. The results indicated that low-concentration AOM (<5 mg C L-1), particularly the high molecular weight (>30 kDa) fractions containing high percentages of protein during the exponential growth phase, significantly improved the flotation efficiency by >18%. A high-speed camera system illustrates the pivotal role of low-concentration protein-containing AOM in forming network structures that enhance cell capture. These protein-driven network structures, which enhance the flotation efficiency, provide valuable insights into the development of effective in-situ algal bloom prevention techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhe Cheng
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430072, Hubei Province, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430072, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hailing Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430072, Hubei Province, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Muhammad Mubashar
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430072, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lili Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430072, Hubei Province, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuezhi Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430072, Hubei Province, China.
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3
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Yang J, Monnot M, Sun Y, Asia L, Wong-Wah-Chung P, Doumenq P, Moulin P. Microplastics in different water samples (seawater, freshwater, and wastewater): Methodology approach for characterization using micro-FTIR spectroscopy. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 232:119711. [PMID: 36796150 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics of millimeter dimensions have been widely investigated in environmental compartments and today, studies are mainly focused on particles of smaller dimensions (< 500 µm). However, as there are no relevant standards or policies for the preparation and analysis of complex water samples containing such particles, the results may be questionable. Therefore, a methodological approach for 10 µm to 500 µm microplastic analysis was developed using μ-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with the siMPle analytical software. This was undertaken on different water samples (sea, fresh, and wastewater) taking into consideration rinsing water, digestion protocols, collection of microplastics, and sample characteristics. Ultrapure water was the optimal rinsing water and ethanol was also proposed with a mandatory previous filtration. Although water quality could give some guidelines for the selection of digestion protocols, it is not the only decisive factor. The methodology approach by μ-FTIR spectroscopy was finally assessed to be effective and reliable. This improved quantitative and qualitative analytical methodology for microplastic detection can then be used to assess the removal efficiency of conventional and membrane treatment processes in different water treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yang
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2, Equipe Procédés Membranaires (EPM), Marseille, France
| | - M Monnot
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2, Equipe Procédés Membranaires (EPM), Marseille, France
| | - Y Sun
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2, Equipe Procédés Membranaires (EPM), Marseille, France
| | - L Asia
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France
| | | | - P Doumenq
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France
| | - P Moulin
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2, Equipe Procédés Membranaires (EPM), Marseille, France.
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4
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Rao N, Gonzalez-Torres A, Tamburic B, Wong Y, Foubert I, Muylaert K, Henderson R, Vandamme D. The influence of physical floc properties on the separation of marine microalgae via alkaline flocculation followed by dissolved air flotation. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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5
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Zhang M, Liu J, Wang Y, Yu B, Wu X, Qiang Z, Zhang D, Pan X. Morphologically-different cells and colonies cause distinctive performance of coagulative colloidal ozone microbubbles in simultaneously removing bloom-forming cyanobacteria and microcystin-LR. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 435:128986. [PMID: 35487002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Morphology, the important feature of bloom-forming cyanobacteria, was studied for its impacts on the harmful cyanobacterial bloom (HCB) treatment by coagulative colloidal ozone microbubbles (CCOMBs). The globally-appeared HCB species - Microcystis aeruginosa (spherical cells, block mass colonies), Microcystis panniformis (spherical cells, flat penniform-like colonies) and Anabaena flos-aquae (filamentous morphology) were chosen as representative species. CCOMBs were generated by modifying the bubble surface and the gas core with coagulant and ozone, respectively. The removal of spherical cells and filaments was > 99.5% and ≤ 34.6%, individually, and the latter was ascribed to chain breakage. CCOMBs collected Microcystis panniformis via complexing with the fluorescent and non-fluorescent functional groups of cell colonies but captured Anabaena flos-aquae through the fluorescent ones. More Microcystis aeruginosa got membrane-damaged than Microcystis panniformis; nevertheless, the microcystin-LR (MC-LR) removal was guaranteed through efficiently oxidizing the released MC-LR. Although the outer peptidoglycan sheet of Anabaena flos-aquae was destroyed, the inner cyte membrane remained intact, preventing intracellular MC-LR from releasing. The HCBs dominated by single species with spherical cells were more readily treated than those with co-occurred species. The toxicological tests imply that, as a robust tool for HCB treatment, the CCOMB technology could be eco-environmentally friendly to the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jiayuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yafeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Beilei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xinyou Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhimin Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Daoyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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6
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Ren B, Weitzel KA, Duan X, Nadagouda MN, Dionysiou DD. A comprehensive review on algae removal and control by coagulation-based processes: mechanism, material, and application. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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7
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Vu HP, Nguyen LN, Emmerton B, Wang Q, Ralph PJ, Nghiem LD. Factors governing microalgae harvesting efficiency by flocculation using cationic polymers. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125669. [PMID: 34339996 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms governing the harvesting efficiency of Chlorella vulgaris by flocculation using a cationic polymer. Flocculation efficiency increased as microalgae culture matured (i.e. 35-45, 75, and > 97% efficiency at early, late exponential, and stationary phase, respectively. Unlike the negative impact of phosphate on flocculation in traditional wastewater treatment; here, phosphorous residue did not influence the flocculation efficiency of C. vulgaris. The observed dependency of flocculation efficiency on growth phase was driven by changes in microalgal cell properties. Microalgal extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in both bound and free forms at stationary phase were two and three times higher than those at late and early exponential phase, respectively. Microalgae cells also became more negatively charged as they matured. Negatively charged and high EPS content together with the addition of high molecular weight and positively charged polymer could facilitate effective flocculation via charge neutralisation and bridging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang P Vu
- Center for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Luong N Nguyen
- Center for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Benjamin Emmerton
- Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Qilin Wang
- Center for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Peter J Ralph
- Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Long D Nghiem
- Center for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
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8
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Shahi NK, Maeng M, Choi I, Dockko S. Degradation effect of ultraviolet-induced advanced oxidation of chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and hydrogen peroxide and its impact on coagulation of extracellular organic matter produced by Microcystis aeruginosa. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 281:130765. [PMID: 34010716 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Implementation of an ultraviolet (UV)-induced advanced oxidation process (AOP) before coagulation was found to enhance the removal of algae cells. However, the effect of UV-induced AOPs on extracellular cellular organic matter (EOM) and on its coagulation and removal was neglected. This study investigated the impact of UV-induced AOPs (UV/Cl2, UV/ClO2, and UV/H2O2) on EOM from Microcystis aeruginosa, and its coagulation and removal by a conventional gravity system (CGS), dissolved air flotation, and a low-energy flash-pressurized flotation (FPF) process. The changes in EOM characteristics before and after the UV-induced AOPs were based on UV absorbance (UV254) and liquid chromatography with organic carbon detection analysis. The reduction in UV254 increased with an increasing dose of oxidant and UV irradiation. The reduction in UV254 for UV/Cl2, UV/ClO2 and UV/H2O2 was 59.5%, 26.5%, and 17.5% respectively, for 0.71 mM equimolar concentration of oxidant and 1920 mJ/cm2 UV irradiation, as evident from a pseudo-first order kinetics study. Similarly, degradation of the high molecular weight to low molecular weight (LMW) fraction was pronounced for UV/Cl2. The coagulation efficiency decreased after UV-induced AOP in the following order: UV/H2O2 > UV/ClO2 > UV/Cl2. By contrast, the low-energy FPF process showed a higher removal of LMW fractions than CGS. Thus, low-energy FPF could be an alternative technology for the UV-induced AOP treatment system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Kumar Shahi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dankook University, 152, Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Maeng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dankook University, 152, Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilhwan Choi
- Water Analysis and Research Center, Water Research Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Dockko
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dankook University, 152, Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Wang W, Tang X, Huang T, Yang G, Tan X, Long L, Yan B, Zhang H. Extracellular organic matters of Chlorella pyrenoidosa: Characteristics, flocculation and self-flocculation enhancement. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2021.1971245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis & Functional Organic Molecules, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis & Functional Organic Molecules, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment of the State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Ting Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis & Functional Organic Molecules, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Gang Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment of the State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis & Functional Organic Molecules, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Liangjun Long
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis & Functional Organic Molecules, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Bin Yan
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Huijun Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis & Functional Organic Molecules, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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10
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Shahi NK, Maeng M, Kim D, Lee T, Dockko S. Assessing the efficacy of dissolved air and flash-pressurized flotations using low energy for the removal of organic precursors and disinfection byproducts: a pilot-scale study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:40598-40607. [PMID: 32583120 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09820-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved air flotation (DAF) is a widely used treatment process in drinking water and wastewater treatment plants despite high energy cost associated with operation and maintenance (accounts 50% of the total annual operation cost). In recent years, the focus has been diverted to optimizing or reducing energy, and a microbubble generation without a saturator was developed and used in small treatment facilities because of its simple structure. Thus, in this study, DAF and low-energy flash-pressurized flotation (FPF) efficacies were investigated in a pilot plant based on organic precursors, different molecular weight (MW) fractions, and disinfection byproduct reduction. The organic fractions with different MW was analyzed by liquid chromatography-organic carbon detector. Both DAF (550 kPa) and FPF (300 kPa) showed similar removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and chromatographic DOC; however, the removal tendency of different MW fractions found was different. There was no significant difference in the removal of biopolymers, building blocks, and low molecular weight (LMW) neutrals for both DAF and FPF. Interestingly, the removal of LMW acids was found to be higher (93.8%) for DAF, whereas only 35.8% removal was observed for FPF. The total trihalomethanes concentration in a DAF-treated water sample was found to be 10% lower than that of FPF. Also, the reduction in haloacetonitriles was found to be slightly higher for a water sample treated by using DAF than by using FPF (1.5 and 1.8 μg L-1, respectively). Moreover, the formation of chloral hydrate was observed to be the same (1.9 μg L-1) for DAF- and FPF-treated water, with a total reduction of 40.6%. FPF with low pressure enabled a reduction in energy of around 55% when compared with DAF. Thus, FPF with low-pressure energy provides an alternative to DAF by reducing the annual operation cost and carbon footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Kumar Shahi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dankook University, 152, Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16890, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Maeng
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, 206, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16499,, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dankook University, 152, Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16890, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehoon Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dankook University, 152, Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16890, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Dockko
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dankook University, 152, Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16890, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Bashiri H, Javanmardi AH. Investigation of Fractal-like Characteristics According to New Kinetic Equation of Desorption. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:2123-2128. [PMID: 33529016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Most of the adsorbents have porous structures and a suitable kinetic model is essential for studying these systems. The kinetic Langmuir model is one of the first theoretical models, which can be used for desorption studies. In the present research, the fractal-like concept was added to the kinetic Langmuir model of desorption. A new integrated kinetic Langmuir equation was provided to investigate the rate of desorption from a solid surface. The preferred characteristic of the provided rate equation is the application of the fractal concept for the kinetic study of the desorption process from porous surfaces. The derivation of a new equation was confirmed using the generated data. The fractal-like concept for some experimental desorption studies was obtained. This parameter can show how the porous structure of an adsorbent can affect the desorption kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Bashiri
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan 87317-53153, Iran
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12
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Rao NRH, Granville AM, Henderson RK. Understanding variability in algal solid-liquid separation process outcomes by manipulating extracellular protein-carbohydrate interactions. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 190:116747. [PMID: 33385876 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coagulation-flocculation followed by sedimentation or dissolved air flotation (DAF) are processes routinely used for separating microalgae from water; however, during algae separation then can exhibit inconsistent separation, high coagulant demand, and high operating cost. To circumvent these problems, previous studies reported the development of a novel DAF process in which bubbles were modified instead of particles. While this process was shown to be sustainable and inexpensive, the problem of inconsistent algal separation across species remained. Recent research has suggested that this could be due to the varying concentration and character of algal-derived proteins and carbohydrates within the extracellular organic matter (EOM) and their associated interactions. This hypothesis is tested in the current study using the novel modified-bubble DAF process, which has been highly susceptible to EOM protein and carbohydrate concentrations and character. Biomolecular additives (commercially available proteins and carbohydrates, and algal-extracted proteins) of widely differing molecular weight (MW) and charge were dosed in varying proportions into samples containing either Chlorella vulgaris CS-42/7, Microcystis aeruginosa CS-564/01, or Microcystis aeruginosa CS-555/1 after removing the intrinsic EOM. These cell-rich suspensions were then subject to flotation using cationic bubbles modified with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC). When additives were dosed independently, separation increased from <5% to up to 62%. The maximum separation was obtained when the dose was double the respective biopolymer concentration measured in the intrinsic EOM for the equivalent species, and, in the case of protein additives, when MW and charge were >50 kDa, and >0.5 meq·g-1, respectively, irrespective of the species tested. When evaluating steric- and charge-based protein-carbohydrate interactions on cell separation by simultaneously dosing high MW and high charge protein- and carbohydrate-additives, enhanced separation of up to 79% was achieved. It is suggested that enhanced cell separation is achieved due to proteins and carbohydrates bridging with cells and forming protein-carbohydrate-cell suprastructures in the presence of a flocculant, e.g. PDADMAC, and this only occurs when the intrinsic EOM comprises proteins and carbohydrates that have high MW (>25 kDa) and charge (>0.2 meq·g-1), and interactions with each other and with the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R H Rao
- Algae and Organic Matter Laboratory (AOM Lab), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - A M Granville
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - R K Henderson
- Algae and Organic Matter Laboratory (AOM Lab), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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13
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Guo X, Wang J. Modeling of the fractal-like adsorption systems based on the diffusion limited aggregation model. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Rao NRH, Granville AM, Wich PR, Henderson RK. Detailed algal extracellular carbohydrate-protein characterisation lends insight into algal solid-liquid separation process outcomes. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 178:115833. [PMID: 32339864 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of algal solid-liquid separation processes has been impacted by the strong influence of algal extracellular organic matter (EOM), where the composition of proteins and carbohydrates and their associated interactions have been implicated. However, despite this, no studies have analysed the detailed protein and carbohydrate composition in EOM in relation to their impacts on separation. Hence, the aim of this study was to explore the relationship between the variety of carbohydrates and proteins present in the EOM of select algal and cyanobacterial samples and the associated separation performance to better understand the influence of specific biopolymers. The protein and carbohydrate composition of the EOM of three species - Microcystis aeruginosa CS-555/1, Chlorella vulgaris CS-42/7 and Microcystis aeruginosa CS-564/01, previously observed to result in variable treatment performance were investigated. The carbohydrates were analysed via high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) with pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) while the proteins were analysed using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Ten unique monosaccharides were identified; of these, the greatest proportion of charged uronic acid carbohydrates were present in the EOM of M. aeruginosa CS-564/01. The protein profiling revealed that M. aeruginosa CS-564/01 had a greater proportion and concentration of proteins >75 kDa when compared to M. aeruginosa CS-555/1 or C. vulgaris CS-42/7. It was determined that three serine- and two threonine-based proteins, detected in greater concentrations in M. aeruginosa CS-564/01 than CS-555/1, could covalently interact with carbohydrates (OHenderson et al., 2010a, 2010b-linked glycosylation). These proteins have the ability to form numerous localised networks with carbohydrates and cells in the presence of coagulant molecules, thereby providing a good hypothesis to explain the excellent treatment performance observed for M. aeruginosa CS-564/01 previously. It is proposed that the uronic acids in M. aeruginosa CS-564/01 could interact with proteins via glycosylation, explaining why the coagulant demand for this strain remained low despite the high charged carbohydrate concentration. Overall, it is proposed that process performance could be impacted by: (a) physicochemical characteristics and (b) carbohydrate-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R H Rao
- Algae and Organic Matter Laboratory (AOM Lab), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - A M Granville
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - P R Wich
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - R K Henderson
- Algae and Organic Matter Laboratory (AOM Lab), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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15
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Beć KB, Grabska J, Bonn GK, Popp M, Huck CW. Principles and Applications of Vibrational Spectroscopic Imaging in Plant Science: A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1226. [PMID: 32849759 PMCID: PMC7427587 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Detailed knowledge about plant chemical constituents and their distributions from organ level to sub-cellular level is of critical interest to basic and applied sciences. Spectral imaging techniques offer unparalleled advantages in that regard. The core advantage of these technologies is that they acquire spatially distributed semi-quantitative information of high specificity towards chemical constituents of plants. This forms invaluable asset in the studies on plant biochemical and structural features. In certain applications, non-invasive analysis is possible. The information harvested through spectral imaging can be used for exploration of plant biochemistry, physiology, metabolism, classification, and phenotyping among others, with significant gains for basic and applied research. This article aims to present a general perspective about vibrational spectral imaging/micro-spectroscopy in the context of plant research. Within the scope of this review are infrared (IR), near-infrared (NIR) and Raman imaging techniques. To better expose the potential and limitations of these techniques, fluorescence imaging is briefly overviewed as a method relatively less flexible but particularly powerful for the investigation of photosynthesis. Included is a brief introduction to the physical, instrumental, and data-analytical background essential for the applications of imaging techniques. The applications are discussed on the basis of recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof B. Beć
- CCB-Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innsbruck, Austria
- *Correspondence: Krzysztof B. Beć, ; Christian W. Huck,
| | - Justyna Grabska
- CCB-Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günther K. Bonn
- CCB-Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innsbruck, Austria
- ADSI, Austrian Drug Screening Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Popp
- Michael Popp Research Institute for New Phyto Entities, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian W. Huck
- CCB-Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innsbruck, Austria
- *Correspondence: Krzysztof B. Beć, ; Christian W. Huck,
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Yu C, Gao B, Wang W, Xu X, Yue Q. Alleviating membrane fouling of modified polysulfone membrane via coagulation pretreatment/ultrafiltration hybrid process. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 235:58-69. [PMID: 31255766 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, ultrafiltration membrane fouling was alleviated by hydrophilic modification and coagulation pretreatment. A polydopamine (PDA) layer was used as a bridge to introduce the nano titanium dioxide (TiO2) onto the polysulfone (PSf) membranes, forming a hydrophilic modified layer. A relationship model was established between the coagulation efficiencies and floc properties and membrane fouling of the modified PSf membranes during the coagulation/ultrafiltration (C-UF) process. The combination styles of flocculants, poly dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (PDMDAAC) and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used in C-UF hybrid process. The characterization results indicated that the hydrophilicity was significantly enhanced in the modified PSf membranes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests proved that the PDA layer could be tightly bound to TiO2 by coordination bond onto PSf membrane surface. In the acidic conditions, more TiO2 nano-particles were adhered on the PDA particles surface as the pH of (NH4)2TiF6 solution was increased, which resulted in higher hydrophilicity of membranes. In addition, the C-UF tests exhibited that the coagulation efficiency was greatly improved in the PAC/PDMDAAC system, and the PSf membrane modified by PDA/TiO2 in UF tests significantly reduced the membrane fouling, this was partially due to the formation of TiO2 modified coating with higher hydrophilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghui Yu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, PR China
| | - Baoyu Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Wenyu Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xing Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, PR China
| | - Qinyan Yue
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, PR China
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Maeng M, Shahi NK, Shin G, Son H, Kwak D, Dockko S. Formation characteristics of carbonaceous and nitrogenous disinfection by-products depending on residual organic compounds by CGS and DAF. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:34008-34017. [PMID: 30209770 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2919-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Allogenic organic matter (AOM) composed of extracellular and intracellular organic matter (EOM and IOM) is a major precursor of halogenated carbonaceous and nitrogenous disinfection by-products (C-DBPs and N-DBPs) upon chlorination. The EOM and IOM extracted from Microcystis aeruginosa were analyzed based on bulk parameters and organic fractions with different molecular weight by liquid chromatography with organic carbon detection (LC-OCD). It investigated the efficiency of a conventional gravity system (CGS) and dissolved air flotation (DAF) in the removal of organic precursors, together with measurement of the formation of four major trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetonitriles (HANs) in treated water upon chlorination. The results showed that EOM accounted for 59% of building blocks and humic substances, whereas for IOM, 54% were low molecular weight (LMW) neutrals. Both CGS and DAF showed 57-59% removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from EOM and IOM. Regarding DON removal, DAF was found to be more effective, i.e., 8% higher than CGS for EOM. Moreover, the removal of LMW acids and neutrals (not easy to remove and are major precursors of DBPs) from EOM and IOM by DAF was higher than from CGS. The amounts of DBPs measured in all the samples treated for interchlorination were much lower than in the samples for prechlorination. Although the precursors of EOM had a higher concentration than in IOM, THMs and HANs were detected for IOM at a higher concentration, which might be attributed to higher amounts of aromatic, aliphatic moisture and protein compounds in the IOM. Comparatively, DAF showed lower THM and HAN values than CGS water, particularly for IOM. Also, DAF showed a sharp decrease in THMs and an insignificant increase in HANs according to time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsoo Maeng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 448-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Nirmal Kumar Shahi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 448-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwyam Shin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Ajou University, 206 world-cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejong Son
- Water Quality Institute, Water Authority, Busan, 614-854, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongheui Kwak
- Jeongeup Industry-Academic Cooperation Support Center, Chonbuk National University, 9 Cheomdan Rd, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Dockko
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 448-701, Republic of Korea.
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Gonzalez-Torres A, Pivokonsky M, Henderson RK. The impact of cell morphology and algal organic matter on algal floc properties. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 163:114887. [PMID: 31369920 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Physical floc properties were systematically investigated by analysing the structure of algal and cyanobacterial flocs produced by five species (green algae (Chlorella vulgaris) and cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa (strain CS-564), Microcystis aeruginosa (strain CS-555/01), Dolichospermum circinale and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii) using aluminium sulphate (alum) at different doses and pH values. The properties of spherical, compact flocs were determined using a laser diffraction instrument and a new in situ image analysis technique was validated to analyse the structure of more complex flocs. The incorporation of algal-derived organic matter (AOM) into the flocs was inferred by evaluating the dissolved organic matter concentration character before and after flocculation using liquid chromatography with organic carbon detection (LC-OCD). D. circinale, C. raciborskii, and M. aeruginosa (CS-564) produced large flocs (2-9 mm), while M. aeruginosa (CS-555) and C. vulgaris produced smaller flocs (<2 mm). While differences in physical floc properties were observed to result from changes in coagulation mechanism, the cell morphology and the AOM composition were the most influential factors. Examination of floc properties can give a rapid insight at the plant for trouble shooting, particularly through the use of the in situ techniques and provide a mechanism by which floc properties can be tailored to downstream processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gonzalez-Torres
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - M Pivokonsky
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 30/5, 166 12, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - R K Henderson
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
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Zhang M, Wang Y, Wang Y, Li M, Zhang D, Qiang Z, Pan X. Efficient elimination and re-growth inhibition of harmful bloom-forming cyanobacteria using surface-functionalized microbubbles. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 161:473-485. [PMID: 31229728 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The elimination of cyanobacteria is frequently required for treating and controlling the waters with harmful algal blooms. In this study, an improved flotation technology was developed using colloidal gas aphrons (CGAs) surface-modified with the inorganic coagulant of polyaluminum chloride (PACl); the Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) cells were efficiently removed and their re-growth was effectively inhibited. The so-created coagulative CGAs (CCGAs) exhibited the attractive characteristics of both CGAs and PACl for the cell removal. The experimental results clearly showed that 94.2-99.2% of cells were removed within 3 min at the optimum dosage of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and PACl at three different initial cell densities (OD680 = 0.05, 0.26 and 0.76); and the re-growth of M. aeruginosa did not occur in 10 days. The flocs derived from the CCGA-flotation were of smaller size and looser configuration in contrast with those obtained from coagulation-flotation. The CCGAs were robust in charge neutralization, cell capture, cell attack and destruction. Even at low CTAB dosages, those bubbles could provide large surface area for capturing the M. aeruginosa cells in both unicellular and colonial form compared with the unmodified CTAB-CGAs. The CCGAs reduced 59.5-87.9% of CTAB dosage with the assistance of PACl and the required flotation retention time was largely shortened in comparison with the sedimentation and flotation-based treatment options. This would lead to low treatment cost and sludge production. The present work provides a novel insight into the development of flotation technologies for treating and controlling dense harmful algal blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yafeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Mengting Li
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Daoyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Zhimin Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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Filipenska M, Vasatova P, Pivokonska L, Cermakova L, Gonzalez-Torres A, Henderson RK, Naceradska J, Pivokonsky M. Influence of COM-peptides/proteins on the properties of flocs formed at different shear rates. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 80:116-127. [PMID: 30952329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Coagulation followed by floc separation is a key process for the removal of algal organic matter (AOM) in water treatment. Besides optimizing coagulation parameters, knowledge of the properties of AOM-flocs is essential to maximizing AOM removal. However, the impact of AOM on the floc properties remains unclear. This study investigated how peptides/proteins derived from the cellular organic matter (COM) of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa influenced the size, structure, and shape of flocs formed at different shear rates (G). Flocs formed by kaolinite, COM-peptides/proteins and a mixture of the same were studied, and the effect of intermolecular interactions between floc components on floc properties was assessed. The coagulation experiments were performed in a Taylor-Couette reactor, with aluminum (Al) or ferric sulphate (Fe) utilized as coagulants. Image analysis was performed to gauge floc size and obtain data on fractal dimension. It was found that floc properties were affected by the presence of the COM-peptides/proteins and the coagulant used. COM-peptides/proteins increased floc size and porosity and widened floc size distributions. The Fe coagulant produced larger and less compact flocs than Al coagulant. Moreover, the decrease in floc size that occurred in parallel with increase in shear rate was not smooth in progress. A rapid change for the kaolinite-coagulant suspension and two rapid changes for the suspensions containing COM were observed. These were attributed to various intermolecular interactions between floc components participating in coagulation at different G. Based on the results obtained, shear rates suitable for efficient separation of flocs containing COM were suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Filipenska
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 5, 166 12 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benatska 2, 128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Vasatova
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 5, 166 12 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Pivokonska
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 5, 166 12 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Cermakova
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 5, 166 12 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benatska 2, 128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Gonzalez-Torres
- The bioMASS Lab, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rita K Henderson
- The bioMASS Lab, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jana Naceradska
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 5, 166 12 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benatska 2, 128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pivokonsky
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 5, 166 12 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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22
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Chen L, Sun Y, Sun W, Shah KJ, Xu Y, Zheng H. Efficient cationic flocculant MHCS-g-P(AM-DAC) synthesized by UV-induced polymerization for algae removal. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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23
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Penzkofer M, Baron A, Naumann A, Krähmer A, Schulz H, Heuberger H. Characterization of essential oil distribution in the root cross-section of Valeriana officinalis L. s.l. by using histological imaging techniques. PLANT METHODS 2018; 14:41. [PMID: 29881442 PMCID: PMC5985564 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-018-0309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The essential oil is an important compound of the root and rhizome of medicinally used valerian (Valeriana officinalis L. s.l.), with a stated minimum content in the European pharmacopoeia. The essential oil is located in droplets, of which the position and distribution in the total root cross-section of different valerian varieties, root thicknesses and root horizons are determined in this study using an adapted fluorescence-microscopy and automatic imaging analysis method. The study was initiated by the following facts:A probable negative correlation between essential oil content and root thickness in selected single plants (elites), observed during the breeding of coarsely rooted valerian with high oil content.Higher essential oil content after careful hand-harvest and processing of the roots. RESULTS In preliminary tests, the existence of oil containing droplets in the outer and inner regions of the valerian roots was confirmed by histological techniques and light-microscopy, as well as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Based on this, fluorescence-microscopy followed by image analysis of entire root cross-sections, showed that a large number of oil droplets (on average 43% of total oil droplets) are located close to the root surface. The remaining oil droplets are located in the inner regions (parenchyma) and showed varying density gradients from the inner to the outer regions depending on genotype, root thickness and harvesting depth. CONCLUSIONS Fluorescence-microscopy is suitable to evaluate prevalence and distribution of essential oil droplets of valerian in entire root cross-sections. The oil droplet density gradient varies among genotypes. Genotypes with a linear rather than an exponential increase of oil droplet density from the inner to the outer parenchyma can be chosen for better stability during post-harvest processing. The negative correlation of essential oil content and root thickness as observed in our breeding material can be counteracted through a selection towards generally high oil droplet density levels, and large oil droplet sizes independent of root thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Penzkofer
- Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Research Group Medicinal and Spice Plants, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture (LfL), Am Gereuth 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Andrea Baron
- Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Research Group Medicinal and Spice Plants, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture (LfL), Am Gereuth 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Annette Naumann
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Königin-Luise-Straße 19, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Krähmer
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Königin-Luise-Straße 19, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartwig Schulz
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Königin-Luise-Straße 19, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heidi Heuberger
- Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Research Group Medicinal and Spice Plants, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture (LfL), Am Gereuth 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
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Synthesis and Characterization of Ampholytic Flocculant CPCTS-g-P (CTA-DMDAAC) and Its Flocculation Properties for Microcystis Aeruginosa Removal. Processes (Basel) 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/pr6050054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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25
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Hanumanth Rao NR, Yap R, Whittaker M, Stuetz RM, Jefferson B, Peirson WL, Granville AM, Henderson RK. The role of algal organic matter in the separation of algae and cyanobacteria using the novel "Posi" - Dissolved air flotation process. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 130:20-30. [PMID: 29190513 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Algae and cyanobacteria frequently require separation from liquid media in both water treatment and algae culturing for biotechnology applications. The effectiveness of cell separation using a novel dissolved air flotation process that incorporates positively charged bubbles (PosiDAF) has recently been of interest but has been shown to be dependent on the algae or cyanobacteria species tested. Previously, it was hypothesised that algal organic matter (AOM) could be impacting the separation efficiency. Hence, this study investigates the influence of AOM on cell separation using PosiDAF, in which bubbles are modified using a commercially available cationic polyelectrolyte poly(N, N-diallyl-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC). The separation of Chlorella vulgaris CS-42/7, Mychonastes homosphaera CS-556/01 and two strains of Microcystis aeruginosa (CS-564/01 and CS-555/1), all of which have similar cell morphology but different AOM character, was investigated. By testing the cell separation in the presence and absence of AOM, it was determined that AOM enhanced cell separation for all the strains but to different extents depending on the quantity and composition of carbohydrates and proteins in the AOM. By extracting AOM from the strain for which optimal separation was observed and adding it to the others, cell separation improved from <55% to >90%. This was attributed to elevated levels of acidic carbohydrates as well as glycoprotein-carbohydrate conjugations, which in turn were related to the nature and quantity of proteins and carbohydrates present in the AOM. Therefore, it was concluded that process optimisation requires an in-depth understanding of the AOM and its components. If culturing algae for biotechnology applications, this indicates that strain selection is not only important with respect to high value product content, but also for cell separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasinga Rao Hanumanth Rao
- bioMASS Lab, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Russell Yap
- bioMASS Lab, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Michael Whittaker
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Richard M Stuetz
- bioMASS Lab, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Bruce Jefferson
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, School of Applied Sciences, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - William L Peirson
- Water Research Laboratory, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Manly Vale, NSW, 2093, Australia
| | - Anthony M Granville
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Rita K Henderson
- bioMASS Lab, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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