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Bürck M, Ramos SDP, Braga ARC. Enhancing the Biological Effects of Bioactive Compounds from Microalgae through Advanced Processing Techniques: Pioneering Ingredients for Next-Generation Food Production. Foods 2024; 13:1811. [PMID: 38928753 PMCID: PMC11202531 DOI: 10.3390/foods13121811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The heightened interest in healthy dietary practices and the preference for fresh, minimally processed foods with reduced additives have witnessed a significant surge among consumers. Within this context, bioactive compounds have garnered attention as potent agents offering beneficial biological effects when integrated into food formulations. Nevertheless, the efficacy of these bioactive compounds in product development encounters numerous challenges during various processing and storage stages due to their inherent instability. Addressing these limitations necessitates exploring novel technological approaches tailored explicitly to the application of bioactive compounds in food production. These approaches should not only focus on preserving the bioactive compounds within food matrices but also on retaining the sensory attributes (color, taste, and aroma) of the final food products. The impact of microalgae and their bioactive compounds on human health and well-being has been extensively reported in the literature. However, there is still a gap regarding the processing and stability of microalgal bioactive compounds to improve their application in the food industry. The main goal of the present work is to point out how to overcome technological challenges in enhancing the stability of bioactive compounds from microalgae for optimal food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monize Bürck
- Postgraduation Program in Nutrition, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-900, SP, Brazil;
- Nutrition and Food Service Research Center, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos 11015-020, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergiana dos Passos Ramos
- Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos 11015-020, SP, Brazil;
| | - Anna Rafaela Cavalcante Braga
- Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos 11015-020, SP, Brazil;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema 04021-001, SP, Brazil
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2
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Hamed YS, Ahsan HM, Hussain M, Ahmad I, Tian B, Wang J, Zou XG, Bu T, Ming C, Rayan AM, Yang K. Polysaccharides from Brassica rapa root: Extraction, purification, structural features, and biological activities. A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:128023. [PMID: 37952795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Brassica rapa (B. rapa) roots are attracting increased attention from nutritionists and health-conscious customers because of their remarkable performance in supplying necessary nutrients. Polysaccharides are major biologically active substances in B. rapa roots, which come in a variety of monosaccharides with different molar ratios and glycosidic bond types. Depending on the source, extraction, separation, and purification methods of B. rapa roots polysaccharides (BRP); different structural features, and pharmacological activities are elucidated. Polysaccharides from B. rapa roots possess a range of nutritional, biological, and health-enhancing characteristics, including anti-hypoxic, antifatigue, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic, anti-tumor, and antioxidant activities. This paper reviewed extraction and purification methods, structural features, and biological activities as well as correlations between the structural and functional characteristics of polysaccharides from the B. rapa roots. Ultimately, this work will serve as useful reference for understanding the connections between polysaccharide structure and biological activity and developing novel BRP-based functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya S Hamed
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China; Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Ahsan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China; Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahahuddin Zakaria University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hussain
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
| | - Ishtiaq Ahmad
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
| | - Baoming Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
| | - Xian-Guo Zou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
| | - Tingting Bu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
| | - Cai Ming
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
| | - Ahmed M Rayan
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Kai Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
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Liao B, Zheng J, Xia C, Chen X, Xu Q, Duan B. The potential, challenges, and prospects of the genus Spirulina polysaccharides as future multipurpose biomacromolecules. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127482. [PMID: 37866586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Spirulina has been widely used worldwide as a food and medicinal ingredient for centuries. Polysaccharides are major bioactive constituents of Spirulina and are of interest because of their functional properties and unlimited application potential. However, the clinical translation and market industrialization of the polysaccharides from genus Spirulina (PGS) are retarded due to the lack of a further understanding of their isolation, bioactivities, structure-activity relationships (SARs), toxicity, and, most importantly, versatile applications. Herein, we provide an overview of the extraction, purification, and structural features of PGS; meanwhile, the advances in bioactivities, SARs, mechanisms of effects, and toxicity are discussed and summarized. Furthermore, the applications, potential developments, and future research directions are scrutinized and highlighted. This review may help fill the knowledge gap between theoretical insights and practical applications and guide future research and industrial application of PGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Liao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Jiamei Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Conglong Xia
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Xubing Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali 671000, China.
| | - Qingshan Xu
- Lijiang Cheng Hai Bao Er Biological Development Co., Ltd, Lijiang, Yunnan 674100, China.
| | - Baozhong Duan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali 671000, China.
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4
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Chi Y, Jiang Y, Wang Z, Nie X, Luo S. Preparation, structures, and biological functions of rhamnan sulfate from green seaweed of the genus Monostroma: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:125964. [PMID: 37487994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Rhamnan sulfate, a rhamnose-rich sulfated polysaccharide, is present in the cell walls of green seaweed belonging to the genus Monostroma. This macromolecule demonstrates promising therapeutic properties, including anti-coagulant, thrombolytic, anti-viral, anti-obesity, and anti-inflammatory activities, which hold potential applications in food and medical industries. However, rhamnan sulfate has not garnered as much attention from researchers as other seaweed polysaccharides, including alginate, carrageenan, and fucoidan. This review discusses the extraction and purification techniques of rhamnan sulfate, delves into its chemical structures and related elucidation approaches, and provides an overview of its biological functions. Future research should focus on the structure-activity relationship of rhamnan sulfate and the industrial preparation of rhamnan sulfate with a specific homogeneous structure to facilitate its practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhou Chi
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223003, China.
| | - Yanhui Jiang
- Faculty of Electronic Information Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Zhaoyu Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Xiaobao Nie
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Si Luo
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223003, China
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Peng H, Xv X, Cui X, Fu Y, Zhang S, Wang G, Chen X, Song W. Physicochemical characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Chlorella sp. by microwave-assisted enzymatic extraction. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1264641. [PMID: 37635998 PMCID: PMC10448769 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1264641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microwave-assisted enzymatic extraction (MAEE) was used for the separation of polysaccharides from micro-Chlorella. The extraction condition of MAEE was optimized by Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology. Results showed that the optimal condition for the extraction of Chlorella sp. crude polysaccharides (CSCP) was at 50°C for 2.3 h with 380 W of microwave power and 0.31% of enzyme dosage. Under the optimal extraction condition, the extraction yield of CSCP reached 0.72%. Similarly, the α-amylase modification conditions of the CSCP were also optimized, in which the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging rate was used as the response value. The scavenging rate of DPPH free radicals was 17.58% when enzyme dosage was 271 U/g at 51°C for 14 min. Moreover, the enzyme-modified CSCP presented a typical heteropolysaccharide mainly including glucose (48.84%), ribose (13.57%) and mannose (11.30%). MAEE used in this work achieved a high extraction yield of CSCP, which provides an efficient method for the extraction of CSCP from Chlorella sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Peng
- New Energy Research Institute, Jining University, Jining, China
| | - Xiangjin Xv
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiangwei Cui
- New Energy Research Institute, Jining University, Jining, China
| | - Yongxiang Fu
- New Energy Research Institute, Jining University, Jining, China
| | - Shuqi Zhang
- New Energy Research Institute, Jining University, Jining, China
| | - Guanhao Wang
- New Energy Research Institute, Jining University, Jining, China
| | - Xue Chen
- New Energy Research Institute, Jining University, Jining, China
| | - Wenlu Song
- New Energy Research Institute, Jining University, Jining, China
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Preparation and Characterization of Intracellular and Exopolysaccharides during Cycle Cultivation of Spirulina platensis. Foods 2023; 12:foods12051067. [PMID: 36900580 PMCID: PMC10000700 DOI: 10.3390/foods12051067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The dried cell weight (DCW) of Spirulina platensis gradually decreased from 1.52 g/L to 1.18 g/L after five cultivation cycles. Intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) and exopolysaccharide (EPS) content both increased with increased cycle number and duration. IPS content was higher than EPS content. Maximum IPS yield (60.61 mg/g) using thermal high-pressure homogenization was achieved after three homogenization cycles at 60 MPa and an S/I ratio of 1:30. IPS showed a more fibrous, porous, and looser structure, and had a higher glucose content and Mw (272.85 kDa) compared with EPS, which may be indicative of IPS's higher viscosity and water holding capacity. Although both carbohydrates were acidic, EPS had stronger acidity and thermal stability than IPS; this was accompanied by differences in monosaccharide. IPS exhibited the highest DPPH (EC50 = 1.77 mg/mL) and ABTS (EC50 = 0.12 mg/mL) radical scavenging capacity, in line with IPS's higher total phenol content, while simultaneously showing the lowest HO• scavenging and ferrous ion chelating capacities; thus characterizing IPS as a superior antioxidant and EPS as a stronger metal ion chelator.
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Ibrahim TNBT, Feisal NAS, Kamaludin NH, Cheah WY, How V, Bhatnagar A, Ma Z, Show PL. Biological active metabolites from microalgae for healthcare and pharmaceutical industries: A comprehensive review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 372:128661. [PMID: 36690215 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are photoautotrophic microorganisms which comprise of species from several phyla. Microalgae are promising in producing a varieties of products, including food, feed supplements, chemicals, and biofuels. Medicinal supplements derived from microalgae are of a significant market in which compounds such as -carotene, astaxanthin, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and polysaccharides such as -glucan, are prominent. Microalgae species which are commonly applied for commercial productions include Isochrysis sp., Chaetoceros (Chlorella sp.), Arthrospira sp. (Spirulina Bioactive) and many more. In this present review, microalgae species which are feasible in metabolites production are being summarized. Metabolites produced by microalgae as well as their prospective applications in the healthcare and pharmaceutical industries, are comprehensively discussed. This evaluation is greatly assisting industrial stakeholders, investors, and researchers in making business decisions, investing in ventures, and moving the production of microalgae-based metabolites forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengku Nilam Baizura Tengku Ibrahim
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Kampus Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Azalina Suzianti Feisal
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610 Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Haziqah Kamaludin
- Center of Environmental Health & Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wai Yan Cheah
- Centre of Research in Development, Social and Environment (SEEDS), Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Vivien How
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Amit Bhatnagar
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130 Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Zengling Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai 602105, India; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Shakhbout Bin Sultan St - Zone 1, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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8
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Wu Y, Wang Q, Liu H, Niu L, Li M, Jia Q. A heteropolysaccharide from Rhodiola rosea L.: preparation, purification and anti-tumor activities in H22-bearing mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Yang M, Ren W, Li G, Yang P, Chen R, He H. The effect of structure and preparation method on the bioactivity of polysaccharides from plants and fungi. Food Funct 2022; 13:12541-12560. [PMID: 36421015 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02029g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are not only the main components in the cell walls of plants and fungi, but also a structure that supports and protects cells. In the process of obtaining polysaccharides from raw materials containing cell walls, the polysaccharides on the cell walls are the products and also a factor that affects the extraction rate. Polysaccharides derived from plants and fungi have mild characteristics and exhibit various biological activities. The biological activity of polysaccharides is related to their chemical structure. This review summarizes the effects of the physicochemical properties and structure of polysaccharides, from cell walls in raw materials, that have an impact on their biological activities, including molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, chain structure, and uronic acid content. Also, the structure of certain natural polysaccharides limits their biological activity. Chemical modification and degradation of these structures can enhance the pharmacological properties of natural polysaccharides to a certain extent. At the same time, the processing method affects the structure and yield of polysaccharides on the cell wall and in the cell. The extraction and purification methods are summarized, and the effects of preparation methods on the structure and physiological effects of polysaccharides from plants and fungi are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manli Yang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Wenjing Ren
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Geyuan Li
- College of pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Hua He
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China. .,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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10
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Quantification of extracellular and biomass carbohydrates by Arthrospira under nitrogen starvation at lab-scale. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Caetano PA, do Nascimento TC, Fernandes AS, Nass PP, Vieira KR, Maróstica Junior MR, Jacob-Lopes E, Zepka LQ. Microalgae-based polysaccharides: Insights on production, applications, analysis, and future challenges. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Recent Advances in Marine Microalgae Production: Highlighting Human Health Products from Microalgae in View of the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19). FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8090466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Blue biotechnology can greatly help solve some of the most serious social problems due to its wide biodiversity, which includes marine environments. Microalgae are important resources for human needs as an alternative to terrestrial plants because of their rich biodiversity, rapid growth, and product contributions in many fields. The production scheme for microalgae biomass mainly consists of two processes: (I) the Build-Up process and (II) the Pull-Down process. The Build-Up process consists of (1) the super strain concept and (2) cultivation aspects. The Pull-Down process includes (1) harvesting and (2) drying algal biomass. In some cases, such as the manufacture of algal products, the (3) extraction of bioactive compounds is included. Microalgae have a wide range of commercial applications, such as in aquaculture, biofertilizer, bioenergy, pharmaceuticals, and functional foods, which have several industrial and academic applications around the world. The efficiency and success of biomedical products derived from microalgal biomass or its metabolites mainly depend on the technologies used in the cultivation, harvesting, drying, and extraction of microalgae bioactive molecules. The current review focuses on recent advanced technologies that enhance microalgae biomass within microalgae production schemes. Moreover, the current work highlights marine drugs and human health products derived from microalgae that can improve human immunity and reduce viral activities, especially COVID-19.
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Research Progress on the Mechanisms of Polysaccharides against Gastric Cancer. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185828. [PMID: 36144560 PMCID: PMC9501385 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a common type of cancer that poses a serious threat to human health. Polysaccharides are important functional phytochemicals, and research shows that polysaccharides have good anti-gastric cancer effects. We collated all relevant literature published from 2000 to 2020 and found that more than 60 natural polysaccharides demonstrate anti-gastric cancer activity. At the present, the sources of these polysaccharides include fungi, algae, tea, Astragalus membranaceus, Caulis Dendrobii, and other foods and Chinese herbal medicines. By regulating various signaling pathways, including the PI3K/AKT, MAPK, Fas/FasL, Wnt/β-catenin, IGF-IR, and TGF-β signaling pathways, polysaccharides induce gastric cancer cell apoptosis, cause cell cycle arrest, and inhibit migration and invasion. In addition, polysaccharides can enhance the immune system and killing activity of immune cells in gastric cancer patients and rats. This comprehensive review covers the extraction, purification, structural characterization, and mechanism of plant and fungal polysaccharides against gastric cancer. We hope this review is helpful for researchers to design, research, and develop plant and fungal polysaccharides.
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Microalgae-derived polysaccharides: Potential building blocks for biomedical applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:150. [PMID: 35776270 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03342-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the increasing concern about human health well-being has strongly boosted the search for natural alternatives that can be used in different fields, especially in biomedicine. This has put microalgae-based products in evidence since they contain many bioactive compounds, of which polysaccharides are attractive due to the diverse physicochemical properties and new or improved biological roles they play. Polysaccharides from microalgae, specially exopolysaccharides, are critically important for market purposes because they can be used as anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-glycemic, antitumor, antioxidant, anticoagulant, antilipidemic, antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal agents. Therefore, to obtain higher productivity and competitiveness of these naturally available compounds, the cultivation parameters and the extraction/purification processes must be better optimized in order to bring perspectives for the exploitation of products in commercial and clinical practice. In this sense, the objective of the present review is to elucidate the potential biomedical applications of microalgae-derived polysaccharides. A closer look is taken at the main polysaccharides produced by microalgae, methods of extraction, purification and structural determination, biological activities and their applications, and current status.
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Pulsed electric fields (PEF), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and combined PEF + PLE process evaluation: Effects on Spirulina microstructure, biomolecules recovery and Triple TOF-LC-MS-MS polyphenol composition. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2022.102989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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17
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Zhuang D, He N, Khoo KS, Ng EP, Chew KW, Ling TC. Application progress of bioactive compounds in microalgae on pharmaceutical and cosmetics. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132932. [PMID: 34798100 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae is an autotrophic organism with fast growth, short reproduction cycle, and strong environmental adaptability. In recent years, microalgae and the bioactive ingredients extracted from microalgae are regarded as potential substitutes for raw materials in the pharmaceutical and the cosmetics industry. In this review, the characteristics and efficacy of the high-value components of microalgae are discussed in detail, along with the sources and extraction technologies of algae used to obtain high-value ingredients are reviewed. Moreover, the latest trends in biotherapy based on high-value algae extracts as materials are discussed. The excellent antioxidant properties of microalgae derivatives are regarded as an attractive replacement for safe and environmentally friendly cosmetics formulation and production. Through further studies, the mechanism of microalgae bioactive compounds can be understood better and reasonable clinical trials conducted can safely conclude the compliance of microalgae-derived drugs or cosmetics to be necessary standards to be marketed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingling Zhuang
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ning He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University. No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Eng-Poh Ng
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China; School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900, Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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A preliminary study on polysaccharide extraction, purification, and antioxidant properties of sugar-rich filamentous microalgae Tribonema minus. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10811-021-02630-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Abstract
Food carbohydrates are macronutrients that are found in fruits, grains, vegetables, and milk products. These organic compounds are present in foods in the form of sugars, starches, and fibers and are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. These wide ranging macromolecules can be classified according to their chemical structure into three major groups: low molecular weight mono- and disaccharides, intermediate molecular weight oligosaccharides, and high molecular weight polysaccharides. Notably, the digestibility of specific carbohydrate components differ and nondigestible carbohydrates can reach the large intestine intact where they act as food sources for beneficial bacteria. In this review, we give an overview of advances made in food carbohydrate analysis. Overall, this review indicates the importance of carbohydrate analytical techniques in the quest to identify and isolate health-promoting carbohydrates to be used as additives in the functional foods industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie J Kiely
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Rita M Hickey
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
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Silva JPS, Veloso CRR, de Souza Barrozo MA, Vieira LGM. Indirect solar drying of Spirulina platensis and the effect of operating conditions on product quality. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Paula Laidens C, Iwassa IJ, Stevanato N, Zampar IC, Bolanho Barros BC, Silva C. Obtaining fermentable sugars and fiber concentrate from asparagus by‐product. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabela Julio Iwassa
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Engenharia Química Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) Maringá Brazil
| | - Natália Stevanato
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Engenharia Química Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) Maringá Brazil
| | - Isabella Carolina Zampar
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ciências Agrárias Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) Umuarama Brazil
| | | | - Camila Silva
- Departamento de Tecnologia Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) Umuarama Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Engenharia Química Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) Maringá Brazil
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22
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Selenium-Containing Polysaccharides—Structural Diversity, Biosynthesis, Chemical Modifications and Biological Activity. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11083717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Selenosugars are a group of sugar derivatives of great structural diversity (e.g., molar masses, selenium oxidation state, and selenium binding), obtained as a result of biosynthesis, chemical modification of natural compounds, or chemical synthesis. Seleno-monosaccharides and disaccharides are known to be non-toxic products of the natural metabolism of selenium compounds in mammals. In the case of the selenium-containing polysaccharides of natural origin, their formation is also postulated as a form of detoxification of excess selenium in microorganisms, mushroom, and plants. The valency of selenium in selenium-containing polysaccharides can be: 0 (encapsulated nano-selenium), IV (selenites of polysaccharides), or II (selenoglycosides or selenium built into the sugar ring to replace oxygen). The great interest in Se-polysaccharides results from the expected synergy between selenium and polysaccharides. Several plant- and mushroom-derived polysaccharides are potent macromolecules with antitumor, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and other biological properties. Selenium, a trace element of fundamental importance to human health, has been shown to possess several analogous functions. The mechanism by which selenium exerts anticancer and immunomodulatory activity differs from that of polysaccharide fractions, but a similar pharmacological effect suggests a possible synergy of these two agents. Various functions of Se-polysaccharides have been explored, including antitumor, immune-enhancement, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective activities. Due to being non-toxic or much less toxic than inorganic selenium compounds, Se-polysaccharides are potential dietary supplements that could be used, e.g., in chemoprevention.
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Ray B, Schütz M, Mukherjee S, Jana S, Ray S, Marschall M. Exploiting the Amazing Diversity of Natural Source-Derived Polysaccharides: Modern Procedures of Isolation, Engineering, and Optimization of Antiviral Activities. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:E136. [PMID: 33396933 PMCID: PMC7794815 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring polysaccharide sulfates are highly diverse, owning variations in the backbone structure, linkage pattern and stereochemistry, branching diversity, sulfate content and positions of sulfate group(s). These structural characteristics bring about diverse sulfated polymers with dissimilar negative charge densities and structure-activity relationships. Herein, we start with a short discussion of techniques needed for extraction, purification, chemical sulfation, and structural characterization of polysaccharides. Processes of isolation and sulfation of plant-derived polysaccharides are challenging and usually involve two steps. In this context, we describe an integrated extraction-sulfation procedure that produces polysaccharide sulfates from natural products in one step, thereby generating additional pharmacological activities. Finally, we provide examples of the spectrum of natural source-derived polysaccharides possessing specific features of bioactivity, in particular focusing on current aspects of antiviral drug development and drug-target interaction. Thus, the review presents a detailed view on chemically engineered polysaccharides, especially sulfated derivatives, and underlines their promising biomedical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimalendu Ray
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104, India; (B.R.); (S.M.); (S.J.)
| | - Martin Schütz
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Shuvam Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104, India; (B.R.); (S.M.); (S.J.)
| | - Subrata Jana
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104, India; (B.R.); (S.M.); (S.J.)
| | - Sayani Ray
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104, India; (B.R.); (S.M.); (S.J.)
| | - Manfred Marschall
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104, India; (B.R.); (S.M.); (S.J.)
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Rodrigues RDP, Silva ASE, Carlos TAV, Bastos AKP, de Santiago-Aguiar RS, Rocha MVP. Application of protic ionic liquids in the microwave-assisted extraction of phycobiliproteins from Arthrospira platensis with antioxidant activity. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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25
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Pinheiro ÁDT, Barros EM, Rocha LA, Ponte VMDR, de Macedo AC, Rocha MVP, Gonçalves LRB. Optimization and scale-up of ethanol production by a flocculent yeast using cashew apple juice as feedstock. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s43153-020-00068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Liu ZH, Niu FJ, Xie YX, Xie SM, Liu YN, Yang YY, Zhou CZ, Wan XH. A review: Natural polysaccharides from medicinal plants and microorganisms and their anti-herpetic mechanism. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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27
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Matešić N, Jurina T, Benković M, Panić M, Valinger D, Gajdoš Kljusurić J, Jurinjak Tušek A. Microwave-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Cannabis sativa L.: optimization and kinetics study. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2020.1804938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolina Matešić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tamara Jurina
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Benković
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Manuela Panić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Valinger
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ana Jurinjak Tušek
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Spadoni Andreani E, Karboune S. Comparison of enzymatic and microwave-assisted alkaline extraction approaches for the generation of oligosaccharides from American Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) Pomace. J Food Sci 2020; 85:2443-2451. [PMID: 32691432 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cranberry pomace obtained from industrial juice production was characterized by proximate composition analysis and monosaccharide profile of the dietary fiber. Extraction of carbohydrates from pomace was investigated using microwave-assisted alkaline method and five commercial biocatalysts (pure endo-galactanase and four multienzyme biocatalysts). The extracts obtained from microwave-assisted approach had average total sugars yield of 21.3% and contained mostly oligosaccharides in the degree of polymerization range of 7 to 10. All multienzyme biocatalysts led to yields similar or higher than microwave-assisted approach (23.4% to 42.0%), but mainly generated shorter oligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization of 2 to 5. Compared to cranberry pomace dietary fiber, microwave-assisted extracts were enriched in pectic oligosaccharides, whereas the enzymatic extracts were enriched in glucans and had less rhamnose and galactose. Pomace ground for 5 min or more by ball mill assumed a powdery consistence. Longer milling did not affect particle size but increased their roughness. Such physical changes had no effect on the efficiency of multienzymatic treatment. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The increased production of cranberries and cranberry products will continuously generate more pomace, a potentially valuable material for the generation of added-value products. Up to 60% to 70% of cranberry pomace is composed of plant cell wall material. The properties of naturally occurring plant cell wall polysaccharides and their corresponding oligosaccharides have been of a great interest, and many of them find application as functional food ingredients. Despite the fact that the cranberry pomace is rich in plant cell polysaccharides, it has been mainly explored as a source of phenolic antioxidants. This study reveals the efficiency of cranberry pomace as a source of nondigestible oligosaccharides. The use of microwave-assisted extraction and different biocatalysts for the enzymatic extraction led to oligosaccharides with well-defined monosaccharide composition and molecular weight distribution. The study of the effects of these extraction techniques on the yield and the characteristics of generated oligosaccharides would allow the modulation of their properties. As an overall, the findings of this study would contribute to lay the scientific ground for the development of innovative process for the isolation of nondigestible oligosaccharides as functional ingredients from cranberry pomace by products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Spadoni Andreani
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University 21111 Lakeshore, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, H9 × 3V9, Canada
| | - Salwa Karboune
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University 21111 Lakeshore, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, H9 × 3V9, Canada
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29
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Exopolysaccharides from Cyanobacteria: Strategies for Bioprocess Development. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10113763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria have the potential to become an industrially sustainable source of functional biopolymers. Their exopolysaccharides (EPS) harbor chemical complexity, which predicts bioactive potential. Although some are reported to excrete conspicuous amounts of polysaccharides, others are still to be discovered. The production of this strain-specific trait can promote carbon neutrality while its intrinsic location can potentially reduce downstream processing costs. To develop an EPS cyanobacterial bioprocess (Cyano-EPS) three steps were explored: the selection of the cyanobacterial host; optimization of production parameters; downstream processing. Studying the production parameters allow us to understand and optimize their response in terms of growth and EPS production though many times it was found divergent. Although the extraction of EPS can be achieved with a certain degree of simplicity, the purification and isolation steps demand experience. In this review, we gathered relevant research on EPS with a focus on bioprocess development. Challenges and strategies to overcome possible drawbacks are highlighted.
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Werlang EB, Julich J, Muller MVG, de Farias Neves F, Sierra-Ibarra E, Martinez A, Schneider RDCDS. Bioethanol from hydrolyzed Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) biomass using ethanologenic bacteria. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-020-00315-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPhotosynthetic microorganisms are considered excellent feedstock for biofuel production in developing biomass production technologies. A study was conducted to evaluate ethanol production with the sequential enzymatic saccharification and fermentation of Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) biomass with the metabolically engineered Escherichia coli strain MS04. A. platensis was cultivated semicontinuously in an open raceway pond, and the carbohydrate content was determined to be as high as 40%. The enzymatic saccharification was designed to release the maximum amount of glucose. After 40 h of enzymatic saccharification, 27 g L−1 of monosaccharides was obtained. These slurries were fermented with ethanologenic bacteria, achieving 12.7 g L−1 ethanol after 9 h of fermentation, which corresponds to 92% conversion yield of the glucose content in the hydrolysate, 0.13 g of ethanol per 1 g of Spirulina biomass and a volumetric productivity of 1.4 g of ethanol L−1 h−1. Therefore, we conclude that it is possible, in a short time, to obtain a high ethanol yield corresponding to 160 L per ton of dry biomass with a high productivity.
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Costa JAV, Freitas BCB, Moraes L, Zaparoli M, Morais MG. Progress in the physicochemical treatment of microalgae biomass for value-added product recovery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 301:122727. [PMID: 31983577 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Interest in microalgae-derived products is growing, mostly due to their unique characteristics and range of industrial applications. To obtain different products, one must employ specific pretreatments that retain the properties of the biologically active compounds extracted from microalgae biomass; thus, new extraction techniques require frequent upgrades. Due to increased interest in economically viable and ecologically friendly processes, new extraction methods that can be incorporated into microalgae biorefinery systems have become the main focus of research. Therefore, this review aims to address the potential applications, future prospects, and economic scenario of the new physicochemical treatments used in the extraction of bioactive microalgae compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande-RS, Brazil.
| | - Bárbara Catarina Bastos Freitas
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande-RS, Brazil
| | - Luiza Moraes
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande-RS, Brazil
| | - Munise Zaparoli
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande-RS, Brazil
| | - Michele Greque Morais
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biochemistry, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande-RS, Brazil
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32
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Optimizations of microwave-assisted extraction and transesterification of bio-crude oil from spirulina (Arthrospira platensis). KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-019-0444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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33
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He JL, Guo H, Wei SY, Zhou J, Xiang PY, Liu L, Zhao L, Qin W, Gan RY, Wu DT. Effects of different extraction methods on the structural properties and bioactivities of polysaccharides extracted from Qingke (Tibetan hulless barley). J Cereal Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2020.102906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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34
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Ren Y, Bai Y, Zhang Z, Cai W, Del Rio Flores A. The Preparation and Structure Analysis Methods of Natural Polysaccharides of Plants and Fungi: A Review of Recent Development. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173122. [PMID: 31466265 PMCID: PMC6749352 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are ubiquitous biomolecules found in nature that contain various biological and pharmacological activities that are employed in functional foods and therapeutic agents. Natural polysaccharides are obtained mainly by extraction and purification, which may serve as reliable procedures to enhance the quality and the yield of polysaccharide products. Moreover, structural analysis of polysaccharides proves to be promising and crucial for elucidating structure–activity relationships. Therefore, this report summarizes the recent developments and applications in extraction, separation, purification, and structural analysis of polysaccharides of plants and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China.
| | - Yueping Bai
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Zhidan Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
| | - Wenlong Cai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Antonio Del Rio Flores
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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35
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Wu DT, Liu W, Han QH, Wang P, Xiang XR, Ding Y, Zhao L, Zhang Q, Li SQ, Qin W. Extraction Optimization, Structural Characterization, and Antioxidant Activities of Polysaccharides from Cassia Seed ( Cassia obtusifolia). Molecules 2019; 24:E2817. [PMID: 31382366 PMCID: PMC6696105 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to explore Cassia seed polysaccharides (CSPs) as natural antioxidants for application in the functional-food industry, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was optimized for the extraction of CSPs by using a response surface methodology. Furthermore, the chemical structures and antioxidant activities of CSPs extracted by MAE and hot water extraction were investigated and compared. The maximum extraction yield of CSPs extracted by MAE (8.02 ± 0.19%) was obtained at the optimized extraction parameters as follows: microwave power (415 W), extraction time (7.0 min), and ratio of water to raw material (51 mL/g). Additionally, the contents of the uronic acids, molecular weight, ratio of constituent monosaccharides, intrinsic viscosities, and degrees of esterification of CSPs were significantly affected by the MAE method. Moreover, CSPs exhibited remarkable 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) ABTS, 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl DPPH, nitric oxide, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities as well as reducing power. The high antioxidant activities observed in CSPs extracted by MAE could be partially attributed to its low molecular weights and high content of unmethylated galacturonic acid. Results indicate that the MAE method could be an efficient technique for the extraction of CSPs with high antioxidant activity, and CSPs could be further explored as functional food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Tao Wu
- Institute of Food Processing and Safety, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Wen Liu
- Institute of Food Processing and Safety, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Qiao-Hong Han
- Institute of Food Processing and Safety, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Institute of Food Processing and Safety, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Xian-Rong Xiang
- Institute of Food Processing and Safety, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Ye Ding
- Institute of Food Processing and Safety, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Institute of Food Processing and Safety, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Institute of Food Processing and Safety, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Su-Qing Li
- Institute of Food Processing and Safety, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Wen Qin
- Institute of Food Processing and Safety, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
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Liu Q, Yao C, Sun Y, Chen W, Tan H, Cao X, Xue S, Yin H. Production and structural characterization of a new type of polysaccharide from nitrogen-limited Arthrospira platensis cultivated in outdoor industrial-scale open raceway ponds. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:131. [PMID: 31143244 PMCID: PMC6533678 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1470-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbohydrates are major biomass source in fuel-targeted biorefinery. Arthrospira platensis is the largest commercialized microalgae with good environmental tolerance and high biomass production. However, the traditional target of A. platensis cultivation is the protein, which is the downstream product of carbohydrates. Aiming to provide the alternative non-food carbohydrates source, the feasible manipulation technology on the cultivation is needed, as well as new separation methodology to achieve maximum utilization of overall biomass. RESULTS The present study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of industrially producing carbohydrate-enriched A. platensis and characterize the structure of the polysaccharide involved. Cultivated in industrial-scale outdoor open raceway ponds under nitrogen limitation, A. platensis accumulated maximally 64.3%DW of carbohydrate. The maximum biomass and carbohydrate productivity reached 27.5 g m-2 day-1 and 26.2 g m-2 day-1, respectively. The efficient extraction and purification of the polysaccharides include a high-pressure homogenization-assisted hot water extraction followed by flocculation with a non-toxic flocculant ZTC1 + 1, with the polysaccharide purity and total recovery reaching 81% and 75%, respectively. The purified polysaccharide was mainly composed of (1→3)(1→4)- or (1→3)(1→2)-α-glucan with a molecular weight of 300-700 kDa, which differed from the commonly acknowledged glycogen. CONCLUSIONS By the way of controlled nitrogen limitation, the high carbohydrate production of A. platensis in the industrial scale was achieved. The α-glucan from A. platensis could be a potential glucose source for industrial applications. A non-toxic separation method of carbohydrate was applied to maintain the possibility of utilization of residue in high-value field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qishun Liu
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Changhong Yao
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 Sichuan China
| | - Yongxin Sun
- Dalian Biotechnology Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian, 116024 China
| | - Wei Chen
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Haidong Tan
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Xupeng Cao
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Song Xue
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Heng Yin
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates; Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
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Zhao JL, Zhang M, Zhou HL. Microwave-Assisted Extraction, Purification, Partial Characterization, and Bioactivity of Polysaccharides from Panax ginseng. Molecules 2019; 24:E1605. [PMID: 31018583 PMCID: PMC6514599 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are a main active substance in Panax ginseng; however, microwave-assisted extraction used to prepare P. ginseng polysaccharides (MPPG) has rarely been reported, and knowledge of the bactericidal activity of P. ginseng polysaccharides remains low. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the extraction of P. ginseng polysaccharides by using two methods-hot water extraction and microwave-assisted extraction-and compare their chemical composition and structure. In addition, their antibacterial and antioxidant activities were also determined. The data implied that P. ginseng polysaccharides extracted by microwave-assisted extraction possessed a higher extraction yield than hot water extraction (WPPG) under optimized conditions, and the actual yields were 41.6% ± 0.09% and 28.5% ± 1.62%, respectively. Moreover, the preliminary characterization of polysaccharides was identified after purification. The WPPG with the molecular weight (Mw) of 2.07 × 105 Da was composed of Man, Rib, Rha, GalA, Glu, Gal, and Arab, and the typical characteristics of polysaccharides were determined by IR spectra. Compared with WPPG, MPPG had a higher Mw, uronic acid content, and Glu content. More importantly, the antioxidant activity of MPPG was higher than WPPG, which was probably ascribed to its highly Mw and abundant uronic acid content. Besides, both of them exhibited high bactericidal activity. These results demonstrate that microwave-assisted extraction is an effective method for obtaining P. ginseng polysaccharides, and MPPG could be applied as an antioxidant and antibacterial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Li Zhao
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
- Institution of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Technology, Jilin Vocational College of Industry and Technology, Jilin 132013, China.
| | - Meiping Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Hong-Li Zhou
- Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Resources and Comprehensive Utilization of Jilin Provence, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China.
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Ji HY, Yu J, Chen XY, Liu AJ. Extraction, optimization and bioactivities of alcohol-soluble polysaccharide from Grifola frondosa. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Yu J, Ji H, Yang Z, Liu A. Relationship between structural properties and antitumor activity of Astragalus polysaccharides extracted with different temperatures. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 124:469-477. [PMID: 30452984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of different temperatures on structural characterization and antitumor activity of polysaccharides from Astragalus membranaceus. APS4 and APS90 were extracted at 4°C and 90°C, respectively, and purified by Sephadex G-200 column. APS4-90 were obtained from APS4 after treatment at 90°C for 6h. MTT results showed that APS4 possessed the highest inhibitory effects on MGC-803, A549 and HepG2 cells. HPGPC analysis showed that the average molecular weights of these polysaccharides were approximately 1.5×106Da, while the asymmetrical peak of APS4-90 suggested heat degradation and configuration changes of APS4. GC, NMR and methylation results showed that these three polysaccharides had similar monosaccharide components (mainly contain glucose), and their backbones were composed of (1→2)‑α‑d‑Glcp. However, APS4 showed higher content of (1→2,6)‑α‑d‑Glcp compared to APS4-90 and APS90, which indicated that higher branched degree would be responsible for the stronger in vitro antitumor activity in APS4. These results were also confirmed by specific rotation and SEM analysis. Our study suggested that APS4 had the potential application for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China; QingYunTang Biotech (Beijing) Co., Ltd. Beijing 100176, China
| | - Haiyu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China; QingYunTang Biotech (Beijing) Co., Ltd. Beijing 100176, China
| | - Zhizhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Anjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China.
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