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Ricceri F, Malaguti M, Derossi C, Zanetti M, Riggio V, Tiraferri A. Microalgae biomass concentration and reuse of water as new cultivation medium using ceramic membrane filtration. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135724. [PMID: 35850220 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to advance means for microalgae dewatering with the simultaneous reuse of water as new cultivation medium, specifically through ceramic membrane filtration. Three algae, namely, Spirulina platensis, Scenedesmus obliquus, and Chlorella sorokiniana were tested by filtering suspensions with four ceramic membranes having nominal pore sizes of 0.8 μm, 0.14 μm, 300 kDa, 15 kDa. The observed flux values and organic matter removal rates were related to the membrane pore size and cake layer properties, with some differences in productivity between algae types, likely due to cell size and shape. Interestingly, similar near steady-state fluxes (70-120 L m-2h-1) were measured using membranes with nominal pore size above 15 kDa, suggesting the dominance of cake layer filtration independently of the initial flux. Virtually complete algae cells rejections and high nutrient passage (>75%) were observed in all combinations. When the permeate streams were used as media for new growth cycles of the various algae, no or little growth was observed with Spirulina p., while Chlorella s. (permeate from 300 kDa membrane) and especially Scenedesmus o. (permeate from 0.14 μm membrane) showed the fastest growth rates, almost comparable to those observed with ideal fresh media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ricceri
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Torino, Italy; CleanWaterCenter@PoliTo, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Malaguti
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Clara Derossi
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zanetti
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Riggio
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Alberto Tiraferri
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Torino, Italy; CleanWaterCenter@PoliTo, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Torino, Italy.
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Du X, Zhao W, Wang Z, Ma R, Luo Y, Wang Z, Sun Q, Liang H. Rural drinking water treatment system combining solar-powered electrocoagulation and a gravity-driven ceramic membrane bioreactor. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Novoa AF, Vrouwenvelder JS, Fortunato L. Membrane Fouling in Algal Separation Processes: A Review of Influencing Factors and Mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2021.687422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of algal biotechnologies in the production of biofuels, food, and valuable products has gained momentum in recent years, owing to its distinctive rapid growth and compatibility to be coupled to wastewater treatment in membrane photobioreactors. However, membrane fouling is considered a main drawback that offsets the benefits of algal applications by heavily impacting the operation cost. Several fouling control strategies have been proposed, addressing aspects related to characteristics in the feed water and membranes, operational conditions, and biomass properties. However, the lack of understanding of the mechanisms behind algal biofouling and control challenges the development of cost-effective strategies needed for the long-term operation of membrane photobioreactors. This paper reviews the progress on algal membrane fouling and control strategies. Herein, we summarize information in the composition and characteristics of algal foulants, namely algal organic matter, cells, and transparent exopolymer particles; and review their dynamic responses to modifications in the feedwater, membrane surface, hydrodynamics, and cleaning methods. This review comparatively analyzes (i) efficiency in fouling control or mitigation, (ii) advantages and drawbacks, (iii) technological performance, and (iv) challenges and knowledge gaps. Ultimately, the article provides a primary reference of algal biofouling in membrane-based applications.
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Li L, Phungsai P, Kurisu F, Visvanathan C. Orbitrap mass spectrometry for the molecular characterization of water resource recovery from polluted surface water using membrane bioreactor. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 270:128771. [PMID: 33131732 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The increasing organic contamination of surface water hinders the conventional tap water treatment process. Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are a promising alternative technology for recovering water from polluted surface water. In this study, the composition changes of dissolved organic matters (DOMs) in MBR and ultraviolet/ozone (UV/O3)-MBR systems for polluted surface water treatment were investigated using Orbitrap mass spectrometry analysis with unknown screening. The intense DOM ions within a mass-to-charge ratio range of 100-500 was detected, and 2340 molecular formulae from 5743 peaks were assigned to the two systems. The most abundant components were formulae with C, H, O, N, and CHO only classes. The highest formulae decrease including CHO, CHON, CHOS, and CHONS were attributed to the bio-carrier used in both systems. Results showed that bioprocess was the main contributor in the DOM reduction, and the integration of UV/O3 into the MBR improved the DOM composition changes. Biodegradable components with low O/C ratio in the CHO and CHON classes remarkably increased in the UV/O3-MBR system. The integration of UV/O3 as a polishing step in the recirculation stream of MBR system was effective in improve the DOM removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand; Department of Urban Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Phanwatt Phungsai
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Futoshi Kurisu
- Research Center for Water Environment Technology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - C Visvanathan
- School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
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Qiu Y, Luo Y, Zhang T, Du X, Wang Z, Liu F, Liang H. Comparison between permanganate pre-oxidation and persulfate/iron(II) enhanced coagulation as pretreatment for ceramic membrane ultrafiltration of surface water contaminated with manganese and algae. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110942. [PMID: 33711319 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Concurrent presence of algae and manganese (Mn) in water poses a significant challenge for water treatment. This study compared the treatment efficiency of Mn-containing and algae-laden water using either permanganate pre-oxidation (KMnO4) or persulfate/iron(II) (PMS/Fe2+) enhanced coagulation as pretreatment for ceramic membrane ultrafiltration. The results showed that KMnO4 pre-oxidation achieved a slightly more effective Mn removal, and was almost unaffected by the initial dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. PMS/Fe2+ removed UV254 more efficiently (above 90% at a dose of 0.25 mmol/L), compared with KMnO4 (less than 60% UV254 removal). According to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of aggregates, both KMnO4 and Fe2+/PMS oxidation resulted in the formation of MnO2 precipitate. Electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR) analysis demonstrated that only the reactors dosed with PMS/Fe2+ were able to generate the highly reactive hydroxyl radical(·OH). The production of ·OH caused significant rupture of algal cells and thus higher algal removal compared to the treatment with KMnO4 (whereby insignificant cell breakage was observed). The cell rupture resulted in higher amounts of organic matter released in the systems containing PMS/Fe2+, as demonstrated by excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and protein analysis. Despite the elevated level of organic matter, adding PMS/Fe2+ was found to notably mitigate membrane fouling due to the formation of large flocs (311-533 μm) as well as the elimination of major ceramic membrane foulants, i.e. humic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongting Qiu
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Yunlong Luo
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - Tianxiang Zhang
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Xing Du
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Zhihong Wang
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
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Assessing the performance of membrane photobioreactors (MPBR) for polishing effluents containing different types of nitrogen. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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González-Camejo J, Aparicio S, Jiménez-Benítez A, Pachés M, Ruano MV, Borrás L, Barat R, Seco A. Improving membrane photobioreactor performance by reducing light path: operating conditions and key performance indicators. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 172:115518. [PMID: 31991292 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae cultivation has been receiving increasing interest in wastewater remediation due to their ability to assimilate nutrients present in wastewater streams. In this respect, cultivating microalgae in membrane photobioreactors (MPBRs) allows decoupling the solid retention time (SRT) from the hydraulic retention time (HRT), which enables to increase the nutrient load to the photobioreactors (PBRs) while avoiding the wash out of the microalgae biomass. The reduction of the PBR light path from 25 to 10 cm increased the nitrogen and phosphorus recovery rates, microalgae biomass productivity and photosynthetic efficiency by 150, 103, 194 and 67%, respectively.The areal biomass productivity (aBP) also increased when the light path was reduced, reflecting the better use of light in the 10-cm MPBR plant. The capital and operating operational expenditures (CAPEX and OPEX) of the 10-cm MPBR plant were also reduced by 27 and 49%, respectively. Discharge limits were met when the 10-cm MPBR plant was operated at SRTs of 3-4.5 d and HRTs of 1.25-1.5 d. At these SRT/HRT ranges, the process could be operated without a high fouling propensity with gross permeate flux (J20) of 15 LMH and specific gas demand (SGDp) between 16 and 20 Nm3air·m-3permeate, which highlights the potential of membrane filtration in MPBRs. When the continuous operation of the MPBR plant was evaluated, an optical density of 680 nm (OD680) and soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) were found to be good indicators of microalgae cell and algal organic matter (AOM) concentrations, while dissolved oxygen appeared to be directly related to MPBR performance. Nitrite and nitrate (NOx) concentration and the soluble chemical oxygen demand:volatile suspended solids ratio (sCOD:VSS) were used as indicators of nitrifying bacteria activity and the stress on the culture, respectively. These parameters were inversely related to nitrogen recovery rates and biomass productivity and could thus help to prevent possible culture deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J González-Camejo
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - S Aparicio
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Jiménez-Benítez
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Pachés
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - M V Ruano
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - L Borrás
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Barat
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Seco
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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