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Maity S, Mallick N. Role of cultivation parameters in carbohydrate accretion for production of bioethanol and C-phycocyanin from a marine cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya valderiana BDU 41001: A sustainable approach. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 411:131209. [PMID: 39181513 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
The investigation aimed to augment carbohydrate accumulation in the marine cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya valderiana BDU 41001 to facilitate bioethanol production. Under the standardised physiochemical condition (SPC), i.e. 90 µmol photon m-2 s-1 light intensity, initial culture pH 8.5, 35 °C temperature and mixing at 150 rpm increased the carbohydrate productivity ∼70 % than the control, while a 47 % rise in content was obtained under the nitrate (N)-starved condition. Therefore, a two-stage cultivation strategy was implemented, combining SPC at the 1st stage and N starvation at the 2nd stage, resulting in 80 % augmentation of carbohydrate yield, which enhanced the bioethanol yield by ∼86 % as compared to the control employing immobilised yeast fermentation. Moreover, biomass utilisation was maximised by extracting C-phycocyanin, where a ∼77 % rise in productivity was recorded under the SPC. This study highlights the potential of L. valderiana for pilot-scale biorefinery applications, advancing the understanding of sustainable biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudatta Maity
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Nirupama Mallick
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
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Khan S, Das P, Kasak P, AbdulQuadir M, Thaher M, Al Ghazal G, Faisal M, Hawari AH, Sayadi S, Al-Jabri H. Production of sustainable thermoplastic composites from waste nitrogen fertilizer-grown marine filamentous cyanobacterium Geitlerinema sp. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 366:121931. [PMID: 39033620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The global demand for petroleum-derived plastics continues to increase, as does pollution caused by plastic consumption and landfilling plastic waste. Recycling waste plastics by thermomechanical molding may be advantageous, but it alone cannot address the challenges associated with plastic demand and its widespread pollution. A more sustainable and cleaner approach for recycling plastic waste could be to produce thermoplastic composite blends of waste plastic and biobased alternative materials such as marine algal biomass. In this study, Geitlerinema sp., a marine cyanobacterium, was cultivated with waste nitrogen fertilizer as a nitrogen source, resulting in phycocyanin content and biomass density of 6.5% and 0.7 g/L, respectively. The minimum and maximum tensile strengths of thermoplastic blends containing Geitlerinema sp. biomass, recycled glycerol plasticizer, and waste plastic were 0.29-23.2 MPa, respectively. The tensile strength and Young's modulus of thermoplastic composites decreased as the Geitlerinema sp. biomass concentration increased. Furthermore, thermal analysis revealed that thermoplastics containing Geitlerinema sp. biomass have lower thermal onset and biomass degradation temperatures than waste polyethylene. Nevertheless, 35-50% of Geitlerinema sp. biomass could be a sustainable biobased alternative feedstock for producing thermoplastic blends, making the recycling of waste plastics more sustainable and environmentally friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoyeb Khan
- Algal technology program, Centre for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Probir Das
- Algal technology program, Centre for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Peter Kasak
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed AbdulQuadir
- Algal technology program, Centre for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mahmoud Thaher
- Algal technology program, Centre for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gahmza Al Ghazal
- Algal technology program, Centre for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed Faisal
- Algal technology program, Centre for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alaa H Hawari
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Algal technology program, Centre for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hareb Al-Jabri
- Algal technology program, Centre for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
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3
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Saad S, Abdelghany AM, Abou-ElWafa GS, Aldesuquy HS, Eltanahy E. Bioactivity of selenium nanoparticles biosynthesized by crude phycocyanin extract of Leptolyngbya sp. SSI24 cultivated on recycled filter cake wastes from sugar-industry. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:211. [PMID: 39061030 PMCID: PMC11282635 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beet filter cake (BFC) is a food-grade solid waste produced by the sugar industry, constituting a permanent source of pollution. Cyanobacteria are considered a sustainable resource for various bioactive compounds such as phycocyanin pigment with valuable applications. This study aimed to use beet filter cake extract (BFCE) as an alternative medium for the economic cultivation of cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya sp. SSI24 PP723083, then biorefined the bioactive component such as phycocyanin pigment that could be used in the production of selenium nanoparticles. RESULTS The results of the batch experiment displayed that the highest protein content was in BG11medium (47.9%); however, the maximum carbohydrate and lipid content were in 25% BFCE (15.25 and 10.23%, respectively). In addition, 75% BFCE medium stimulated the phycocyanin content (25.29 mg/g) with an insignificant variation compared to BG11 (22.8 mg/g). Moreover, crude phycocyanin extract from Leptolyngbya sp SSI24 cultivated on BG11 and 75% BFCE successfully produced spherical-shaped selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) with mean sizes of 95 and 96 nm in both extracts, respectively. Moreover, XRD results demonstrated that the biosynthesized Se-NPs have a crystalline nature. In addition, the Zeta potential of the biosynthesized Se-NPs equals - 17 mV and - 15.03 mV in the control and 75% BFCE treatment, respectively, indicating their stability. The biosynthesized Se-NPs exhibited higher effectiveness against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, the biosynthesized Se-NPs from BG11 had higher antioxidant activity with IC50 of 60 ± 0.7 compared to 75% BFCE medium. Further, Se-NPs biosynthesized from phycocyanin extracted from Leptolyngbya sp cultivated on 75% BFCE exhibited strong anticancer activity with IC50 of 17.31 ± 0.63 µg/ml against the human breast cancer cell line. CONCLUSIONS The BFCE-supplemented medium can be used for the cultivation of cyanobacterial strain for the phycocyanin accumulation that is used for the green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles that have biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Saad
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Amr Mohamed Abdelghany
- Spectroscopy Department, Physics Research Institute, National Research Center, Giza, 12311, Egypt
| | | | | | - Eladl Eltanahy
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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4
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Pispas K, Manthos G, Sventzouri E, Geroulia M, Mastropetros SG, Ali SS, Kornaros M. Optimizing Phycocyanin Extraction from Cyanobacterial Biomass: A Comparative Study of Freeze-Thaw Cycling with Various Solvents. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:246. [PMID: 38921557 PMCID: PMC11204620 DOI: 10.3390/md22060246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacterial phycocyanin pigment is widely utilized for its properties in various industries, including food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Despite its potential, challenges exist, such as extraction methods impacting yield, stability, and purity. This study investigates the impact of the number of freeze-thaw (FT) cycles on the extraction of phycocyanin from the wet biomass of four cyanobacteria species (Arthrospira platensis, Chlorogloeopsis fritschii, Phormidium sp., and Synechocystis sp.), along with the impact of five extraction solutions (Tris-HCl buffer, phosphate buffer, CaCl2, deionized water, and tap water) at various pH values. Synechocystis sp. exhibited the highest phycocyanin content among the studied species. For A. platensis, Tris-HCl buffer yielded maximum phycocyanin concentration from the first FT cycle, while phosphate buffer provided satisfactory results from the second cycle. Similarly, Tris-HCl buffer showed promising results for C. fritschii (68.5% of the maximum from the first cycle), with the highest concentration (~12% w/w) achieved during the seventh cycle, using phosphate buffer. Phormidium sp. yielded the maximum pigment concentration from the first cycle using tap water. Among species-specific optimal extraction solutions, Tris-HCl buffer demonstrated sufficient extraction efficacy for all species, from the first cycle. This study represents an initial step toward establishing a universal extraction method for phycocyanin from diverse cyanobacteria species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Pispas
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering & Environmental Technology (LBEET), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (K.P.); (G.M.); (E.S.); (M.G.); (S.G.M.)
| | - Georgios Manthos
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering & Environmental Technology (LBEET), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (K.P.); (G.M.); (E.S.); (M.G.); (S.G.M.)
| | - Eirini Sventzouri
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering & Environmental Technology (LBEET), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (K.P.); (G.M.); (E.S.); (M.G.); (S.G.M.)
| | - Maria Geroulia
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering & Environmental Technology (LBEET), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (K.P.); (G.M.); (E.S.); (M.G.); (S.G.M.)
| | - Savvas Giannis Mastropetros
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering & Environmental Technology (LBEET), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (K.P.); (G.M.); (E.S.); (M.G.); (S.G.M.)
| | - Sameh Samir Ali
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Michael Kornaros
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering & Environmental Technology (LBEET), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (K.P.); (G.M.); (E.S.); (M.G.); (S.G.M.)
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Lijassi I, Arahou F, El Habacha G, Wahby A, Benaich S, Rhazi L, Arahou M, Wahby I. Optimization and Characterization of Spirulina and Chlorella Hydrolysates for Industrial Application. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:1255-1271. [PMID: 37382791 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04596-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Chlorella and Spirulina are the most used microalgae mainly as powder, tablets, or capsules. However, the recent change in lifestyle of modern society encouraged the emergence of liquid food supplements. The current work evaluated the efficiency of several hydrolysis methods (ultrasound-assisted hydrolysis UAH, acid hydrolysis AH, autoclave-assisted hydrolysis AAH, and enzymatic hydrolysis EH) in order to develop liquid dietary supplements from Chlorella and Spirulina biomasses. Results showed that, EH gave the highest proteins content (78% and 31% for Spirulina and Chlorella, respectively) and also increased pigments content (4.5 mg/mL of phycocyanin and 12 µg/mL of carotenoids). Hydrolysates obtained with EH showed the highest scavenging activity (95-91%), allowing us, with the other above features, to propose this method as convenient for liquid food supplements development. Nevertheless, it has been shown that the choice of hydrolysis method depended on the vocation of the product to be prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibtissam Lijassi
- Research Center of Plant & Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Fadia Arahou
- Research Center of Plant & Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ghizlane El Habacha
- Research Center of Plant & Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Anass Wahby
- Laboratory of Water, Studies and Environmental Analysis, FLP, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Souad Benaich
- Physiology and Physiopathology Research Team, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Laila Rhazi
- Research Center of Plant & Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Moustapha Arahou
- Research Center of Plant & Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Imane Wahby
- Research Center of Plant & Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
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6
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Jiang L, Yu S, Chen H, Pei H. Enhanced phycocyanin production from Spirulina subsalsa via freshwater and marine cultivation with optimized light source and temperature. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 378:129009. [PMID: 37011840 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
To find out optimum and cost-efficient strategy for phycocyanin production, the effect of light source and temperature on Spirulina subsalsa growth were studied in chemically defined freshwater medium and seawater supplied with wastewater from glutamic acid fermentation tank. Maximum growth rate and the highest phycocyanin content were obtained by 35 °C and green light, respectively. A two-stage cultivation strategy was proposed and applied, which combines biomass accumulation at 35 °C and phycocyanin synthesis simulated under green light. As a result, phycocyanin production reached 70 mg/L/d and 11 mg/L/d from freshwater and seawater medium, respectively. With all tested conditions, a strong correlation between biomass and phycocyanin/chlorophyll ratio, rather than phycocyanin, revealed the dependence of Spirulina subsalsa growth on coordinating regulation of photosynthetic pigments. The relationship between growth and phycocyanin production under various light and temperature can be a good basis for improving phycocyanin production from Spirulina subsalsa with or without freshwater consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Jiang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Siteng Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Huiying Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Haiyan Pei
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan 250061, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai 202162, China.
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7
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Hernández-Martínez I, González-Resendiz L, Sánchez-García L, Vigueras-Ramírez G, Arroyo-Maya IJ, Morales-Ibarría M. C-phycocyanin production with high antioxidant activity of a new thermotolerant freshwater Desertifilum tharense UAM-C/S02 strain. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128431. [PMID: 36470497 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A native cyanobacterial strain, Desertifilum tharense UAM-C/S02, was studied as a possible C-phycocyanin (C-PC) producer. Photosynthetic activity (PA) assays through oxygen production determined the proper temperature and range of irradiances to be tested in a stirred tank photobioreactor. The highest C-PC productivity (97 mg L-1 d-1), with a yield of 86.46 mgC-PC gB-1 was obtained at 730 µmol photons m-2 s-1 with a biomass productivity of 608 mg L-1 d-1 and the CO2 fixation rate was 1,194 mg L-1 d-1. The 1.81 crude extract purity value is the highest reported for this genus, which was improved to biomarker-grade purity after a two-step purification strategy comprising precipitation with ammonium sulfate, followed by dialysis. The purified C-PC was almost entirely radical-free using 1 mg mL-1, which validates its potential use in therapeutic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Hernández-Martínez
- Doctorado en Ciencias Naturales e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Santa Fe Cuajimalpa C.P. 05348, México
| | - Laura González-Resendiz
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Santa Fe Cuajimalpa C.P. 05348, México
| | - León Sánchez-García
- Doctorado en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, C.P. 09340, México
| | - Gabriel Vigueras-Ramírez
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Santa Fe Cuajimalpa C.P. 05348, México
| | - Izlia J Arroyo-Maya
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Santa Fe Cuajimalpa C.P. 05348, México
| | - Marcia Morales-Ibarría
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Santa Fe Cuajimalpa C.P. 05348, México.
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Schipper K, Al Jabri HMSJ, Wijffels RH, Barbosa MJ. Realizing algae value chains in arid environments: an Arabian Peninsula perspective. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 41:750-759. [PMID: 36581482 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Algae are a promising feedstock for the sustainable production of feed, fuels, and chemicals. Especially in arid regions such as the Arabian Peninsula, algae could play a significant role in enhancing food security, economic diversification, and decarbonization. Within this context, the regional potential of algae commercialization is discussed, exploring opportunities and challenges across technical, societal, and political aspects. Climate, availability of process inputs, and funding opportunities are identified as essential strengths that increase the global competitiveness of regional algae production. Implementation challenges include climate change, securing human resources, and the vital transitioning from research to commercial scales. With balanced management, however, the region's efforts could be the push that is necessary for algal technologies to take off globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Schipper
- Algal Technologies Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Hareb Mohammed S J Al Jabri
- Algal Technologies Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - René H Wijffels
- Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Nord University, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, N-8049, Bodø, Norway
| | - Maria J Barbosa
- Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Microalgae-Based Biorefineries: Challenges and Future Trends to Produce Carbohydrate Enriched Biomass, High-Added Value Products and Bioactive Compounds. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081146. [PMID: 36009773 PMCID: PMC9405046 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Microalgae-based biorefineries allow the simultaneous production of microalgae biomass enriched in a particular macromolecule and high-added and low-value products if a proper selection of the microalgae species and the cultivation conditions are adequate for the purpose. This review discusses the challenges and future trends related to microalgae-based biorefineries stressing the multi-product approach and the use of raw wastewater or pretreated wastewater to improve the cost-benefit ratio of biomass and products. Emphasis is given to the production of biomass enriched in carbohydrates. Microalgae-bioactive compounds as potential therapeutical and health promoters are also discussed. Future and novel trends following the circular economy strategy are also discussed. Abstract Microalgae have demonstrated a large potential in biotechnology as a source of various macromolecules (proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids) and high-added value products (pigments, poly-unsaturated fatty acids, peptides, exo-polysaccharides, etc.). The production of biomass at a large scale becomes more economically feasible when it is part of a biorefinery designed within the circular economy concept. Thus, the aim of this critical review is to highlight and discuss challenges and future trends related to the multi-product microalgae-based biorefineries, including both phototrophic and mixotrophic cultures treating wastewater and the recovery of biomass as a source of valuable macromolecules and high-added and low-value products (biofertilizers and biostimulants). The therapeutic properties of some microalgae-bioactive compounds are also discussed. Novel trends such as the screening of species for antimicrobial compounds, the production of bioplastics using wastewater, the circular economy strategy, and the need for more Life Cycle Assessment studies (LCA) are suggested as some of the future research lines.
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Zhuang D, Tang DYY, Chew KW, Ling TC. Phycocyanin: A Natural Antioxidant to Combat Free Radicals. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401318666211221160338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
Various research showed that antioxidants can effectively overcome the damage caused
by free radicals to human health. Therefore, antioxidants are identified as one of the main directions
in the development of health care and cosmetics products due to high demand in the market.
This review mainly focuses on the phycocyanin, a type of natural antioxidant mainly found in
cyanobacteria. This mini review summarizes the phycocyanin sources and numerous extraction
methods of phycocyanin along with the analytical methods and determine its ability to suppress
free radicals. Phycocyanin has been proven to play an important role in scavenging free radicals
and enhancing the body’s antioxidant capacity. However, there is a lack of long-term randomized
clinical trial results that can be used as evidence in showing the benefits of phycocyanin. The existing
phycocyanin extraction methods using solvents, ultrasonic-assisted, freeze-thaw, etc. can extract
high-quality phycocyanin efficiently and quickly. Scientists are also trying to incorporate
advanced technologies, such as "Industry 4.0" to optimize and enhance the industrial production of
phycocyanin. Lastly, this review also describes the difficulties faced during the phycocyanin production
or extraction process and financial obstacles in order to achieve the popularization of phycocyanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingling Zhuang
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Doris Ying Ying Tang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering. Faculty of Science and Engineering. University of Nottingham
Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering,
Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, Sepang 43900, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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11
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Assessment of novel halo- and thermotolerant desert cyanobacteria for phycobiliprotein production. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Bozan M, Schmid A, Bühler K. Evaluation of self-sustaining cyanobacterial biofilms for technical applications. Biofilm 2022; 4:100073. [PMID: 35434604 PMCID: PMC9006728 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2022.100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are potent microorganisms for sustainable photo-biotechnological production processes, as they are depending mainly on water, light, and carbon dioxide. Persisting challenges preventing their application include low biomass, as well as insufficient process stability and productivity. Here, we evaluate different cyanobacteria to be applied in a novel capillary biofilm reactor. Cultivated as biofilms, the organisms self-immobilize to the reactor walls, reach high biomass and enable long and robust production processes. As ‘best performer’ Tolypothrix sp. PCC 7712 emerged from this study. It reached the highest biomass in the reactors with 62.6 ± 6.34 gBDWL−1, produced 0.14 μmole H2 mgChl a−1h−1 under N2-fixing conditions, showed optimal surface coverage of the available growth surface, and only minor detachment in contrast to other tested species, highlighting its potential for photobiotechnology in the near future. Testing biofilm forming ability of selected cyanobacterial strains in a technical setting. Tolypothrix sp. PCC 7712 shows the highest biomass, 62.6 ± 6.34 gBDWL−1, the lowest detachment, and high surface coverage. Continuous H2 production under N2 fixation conditions. Tolypothrix sp. PCC 7712 as new photo-biotechnology workhorse.
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Puzorjov A, Mert Unal S, Wear MA, McCormick AJ. Pilot scale production, extraction and purification of a thermostable phycocyanin from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 345:126459. [PMID: 34863843 PMCID: PMC8811538 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phycocyanin (PC) is a soluble blue pigment-protein primarily harvested from the cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis. PC is in high demand from several industries, but its narrow stability range limits potential applications. Here, a pilot scale (120 L total) batch production, extraction and purification process for thermostable PC (Te-PC) from a Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 'Olive' strain expressing the PC operon cpcBACD from Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1 on a self-replicating vector is presented. Batch cultivation without antibiotics had no impact on growth or Te-PC production and optimisation of growth conditions resulted in Te-PC contents of 75.3 ± 1.7 mg g DW-1. Wet biomass was harvested following chitosan-based flocculation with a 97 ± 2% efficiency, and Te-PC was extracted by high pressure homogenisation. Subsequent purification by heat-treatment and two-step ammonium sulfate precipitation removed chlorophyll and allophycocyanin contamination, resulting in Te-PC purities of 2.9 ± 0.7 and a mean Te-PC recovery of 84 ± 12%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Puzorjov
- SynthSys & Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Suleyman Mert Unal
- SynthSys & Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Martin A Wear
- The Edinburgh Protein Purification Facility, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Alistair J McCormick
- SynthSys & Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK.
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14
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Schipper K, Al-Jabri HMSJ, Wijffels RH, Barbosa MJ. Techno-economics of algae production in the Arabian Peninsula. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 331:125043. [PMID: 33813163 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Arabian Peninsula's advantageous climate, availability of non-arable land, access to seawater and CO2-rich flue gas, make it an attractive location for microalgae biomass production. Despite these promising aspects, the region has seen very few studies into the commercial feasibility of algae-based value chains. This work aims to address this gap through a techno-economic feasibility study of algae biomass production costs, comparing different photobioreactor types, locations, and production scales. Flat panel and raceway pond cultivation systems were found to be the most economically attractive cultivation systems, with biomass production costs as low as 2.9 €·kg-1. Potential cost reductions of up to 42.5% and 25% could be accomplished with improvements in photosynthetic efficiencies and increased culture temperatures, respectively. As of such, efforts to source local thermo- and photo- tolerant strains could be the key to unlock the potential of the region for algae commercialization, linking into food, feed and nutraceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Schipper
- Algal Technologies Program, Center for Sustainable Development, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Rene H Wijffels
- Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Nord University, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, N-8049 Bodø, Norway
| | - Maria J Barbosa
- Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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15
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Saadaoui I, Rasheed R, Aguilar A, Cherif M, Al Jabri H, Sayadi S, Manning SR. Microalgal-based feed: promising alternative feedstocks for livestock and poultry production. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:76. [PMID: 34134776 PMCID: PMC8359609 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00593-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an immediate need to identify alternative sources of high-nutrient feedstocks for domestic livestock production and poultry, not only to support growing food demands but also to produce microalgae-source functional foods with multiple health benefits. Various species of microalgae and cyanobacteria are used to supplement existing feedstocks. In this review, microalgae have been defined as a potential feedstock for domestic animals due to their abundance of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals, vitamins, and other high-value products. Additionally, the positive physiological effects on products of animals fed with microalgal biomass have been compiled and recommendations are listed to enhance the assimilation of biomolecules in ruminant and nonruminant animals, which possess differing digestive systems. Furthermore, the role of microalgae as prebiotics is also discussed. With regards to large scale cultivation of microalgae for use as feed, many economic trade-offs must be considered such as the selection of strains with desired nutritional properties, cultivation systems, and steps for downstream processing. These factors are highlighted with further investigations needed to reduce the overall costs of cultivation. Finally, this review outlines the pros and cons of utilizing microalgae as a supplementary feedstock for poultry and cattle, existing cultivation strategies, and the economics of large-scale microalgal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Saadaoui
- Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O.Box.2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Rihab Rasheed
- Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O.Box.2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ana Aguilar
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, UTEX Culture Collection of Algae, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Maroua Cherif
- Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O.Box.2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hareb Al Jabri
- Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O.Box.2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O.Box.2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Schonna R Manning
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, UTEX Culture Collection of Algae, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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16
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Schipper K, Das P, Al Muraikhi M, AbdulQuadir M, Thaher MI, Al Jabri HMSJ, Wijffels RH, Barbosa MJ. Outdoor scale-up of Leptolyngbya sp.: Effect of light intensity and inoculum volume on photoinhibition and -oxidation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:2368-2379. [PMID: 33710627 PMCID: PMC8252766 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effect of light intensity and inoculum volume on the occurrence of photooxidation for Leptolyngbya sp. QUCCCM 56 was investigated, to facilitate the transition from small‐scale laboratory experiments to large‐scale outdoor cultivation. Indoor, the strain was capable of growing at light intensities of up to 5600 µmol photons/m2/s, at inoculation densities as low as 0.1 g/L (10% inoculation volume vol/vol). Levels of chlorophyll and phycocyanin showed a significant decrease within the first 24 h, indicating some level of photooxidation, however, both were able to recover within 72 h. When cultivated under outdoor conditions in Qatar during summer, with average peak light intensities 1981 ± 41 μmol photons/m2/s, the strain had difficulties growing. The culture recovered after an initial adaptation period, and clear morphological differences were observed, such as an increase in trichome length, as well as coiling of multiple trichomes in tightly packed strands. It was hypothesized that the morphological changes were induced by UV‐radiation as an adaptation mechanism for increased self‐shading. Furthermore, the presence of contaminating ciliates could have also affected the outdoor culture. Both UV and contaminants are generally not simulated under laboratory environments, causing a mismatch between indoor optimizations and outdoor realizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Schipper
- Algal Technologies Program, Center for Sustainable Development, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Probir Das
- Algal Technologies Program, Center for Sustainable Development, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mariam Al Muraikhi
- Algal Technologies Program, Center for Sustainable Development, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed AbdulQuadir
- Algal Technologies Program, Center for Sustainable Development, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mahmoud Ibrahim Thaher
- Algal Technologies Program, Center for Sustainable Development, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - René H Wijffels
- Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Aquaculture, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Maria J Barbosa
- Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Li Y, Naman CB, Alexander KL, Guan H, Gerwick WH. The Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacology of Marine Natural Products from Leptolyngbya, a Chemically Endowed Genus of Cyanobacteria. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E508. [PMID: 33036172 PMCID: PMC7600079 DOI: 10.3390/md18100508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptolyngbya, a well-known genus of cyanobacteria, is found in various ecological habitats including marine, fresh water, swamps, and rice fields. Species of this genus are associated with many ecological phenomena such as nitrogen fixation, primary productivity through photosynthesis and algal blooms. As a result, there have been a number of investigations of the ecology, natural product chemistry, and biological characteristics of members of this genus. In general, the secondary metabolites of cyanobacteria are considered to be rich sources for drug discovery and development. In this review, the secondary metabolites reported in marine Leptolyngbya with their associated biological activities or interesting biosynthetic pathways are reviewed, and new insights and perspectives on their metabolic capacities are gained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueying Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (C.B.N.); (K.L.A.)
| | - C. Benjamin Naman
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (C.B.N.); (K.L.A.)
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Marine Pharmacy, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Kelsey L. Alexander
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (C.B.N.); (K.L.A.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Huashi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
| | - William H. Gerwick
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (C.B.N.); (K.L.A.)
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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18
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Continuous Microalgal Cultivation for Antioxidants Production. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184171. [PMID: 32933083 PMCID: PMC7570968 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae, including cyanobacteria, represent a valuable source of natural compounds that have remarkable bioactive properties. Each microalga species produces a mixture of antioxidants with different amounts of each compound. Three aspects are important in the production of bioactive compounds: the microalga species, the medium composition including light supplied and the photobioreactor design, and operation characteristics. In this study, the antioxidant content and productivity performance of four microalgae were assessed in batch and continuous cultures. Biomass productivity by the four microalgae was substantially enhanced under continuous cultivation by 5.9 to 6.3 times in comparison with batch cultures. The energetic yield, under the experimental conditions studied, ranged from 0.03 to 0.041 g biomass kJ−1. Phenols, terpenoids, and alkaloids were produced by Spirulinaplatensis, Isochrysisgalbana, and Tetraselmissuecica, whereas tocopherols and carotenoids were produced by the four microalgae, except for phycocyanin and allophycocyanin, which were only produced by S. platensis and Porphyridiumcruentum. The findings demonstrate that the continuous cultivation of microalgae in photobioreactors is a convenient method of efficiently producing antioxidants.
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