1
|
Alaiwah M, Hassanin A, Abbasi D, Rayes H, Hassan Z, Albadaineh M, Mansour M, Devabhaktuni S, Tarun T, Vallurupalli S, Mounsey JP, Al'Aref SJ. Percutaneous pericardiocentesis using the apical approach: case series and review of the literature. Egypt Heart J 2024; 76:106. [PMID: 39150585 PMCID: PMC11329492 DOI: 10.1186/s43044-024-00537-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pericardiocentesis offers a definitive diagnostic and a life-saving therapeutic modality through removal of pericardial fluid and relief of high intrapericardial pressure. Percutaneous pericardiocentesis has been performed via different approaches depending on different institutional experiences. In this paper, we present our institutional experience and review the current literature of the different approaches for performing percutaneous pericardiocentesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated consecutive patients who underwent echocardiographic-guided pericardiocentesis via the apical approach for pericardial effusion between the period of April 1st, 2022, and April 1st, 2023, at University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS). Health records were reviewed for clinical presentations, available imaging findings, procedural outcomes, and short-term follow up. RESULTS A total of eight consecutive cases of pericardiocentesis via the apical approach were found. Seven were successful. No complications were reported. Six patients had evidence of tamponade physiology on echocardiogram. CONCLUSION Historically, pericardiocentesis has been most performed via the subxiphoid approach. However, an ultrasound-guided apical approach offers a safe and effective alternative and may be preferable in patients with challenging anatomies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malek Alaiwah
- Department of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W, Markham St, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
| | - Ahmed Hassanin
- Department of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W, Markham St, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Danish Abbasi
- Department of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W, Markham St, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Hamza Rayes
- Department of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W, Markham St, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Zahra Hassan
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Mu'nes Albadaineh
- Department of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W, Markham St, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Munthir Mansour
- Department of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W, Markham St, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Subodh Devabhaktuni
- Department of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W, Markham St, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Tushar Tarun
- Department of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W, Markham St, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Srikanth Vallurupalli
- Department of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W, Markham St, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - John P Mounsey
- Department of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W, Markham St, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Subhi J Al'Aref
- Department of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W, Markham St, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zelachowski KA, Rishniw M, DeFrancesco TC. A survey of the use of ultrasound by small animal veterinary clinicians. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2024; 65:429-436. [PMID: 38668650 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the current use of ultrasound amongst small animal veterinarians. A total of 1216 small animal veterinary practitioners responded to an electronic survey that was administered through the Veterinary Information Network to all its members. Descriptive statistics were generated; limited inferential statistics were performed to examine specific relationships. Eighty-four percent of respondents had access to an ultrasound unit, and 86% of respondents reported using their unit multiple times per week. The most common uses were assistance with cystocentesis (93%) and abdominocentesis (71%), pregnancy diagnosis (69%), limited abdominal evaluation (63%), to aid in thoracocentesis (59%), and limited thoracic evaluation (52%). Eighty-nine percent of respondents received some formal training in ultrasound, most commonly from continuing education courses. Most respondents (52%) reported receiving ≤25 h of training. Additionally, 88% of respondents believed it was either extremely or very important for there to be ultrasound training for veterinary students prior to graduation. Based on this survey, most small animal practitioners commonly use ultrasound for limited examinations, being most confident in the sonographic evaluation and centesis of the bladder and for the detection and centesis of effusion in a body cavity. With most respondents having ≤25 h of training in ultrasound, typically obtained in postgraduate courses, an expansion in standardized basic ultrasound training within the veterinary curriculum may be warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kendra A Zelachowski
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Mark Rishniw
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Veterinary Information Network, Davis, California, USA
| | - Teresa C DeFrancesco
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kameda T, Ishii H, Oya S, Katabami K, Kodama T, Sera M, Takei H, Taniguchi H, Nakao S, Funakoshi H, Yamaga S, Senoo S, Kimura A. Guidance for clinical practice using emergency and point-of-care ultrasonography. Acute Med Surg 2024; 11:e974. [PMID: 38933992 PMCID: PMC11201855 DOI: 10.1002/ams2.974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Owing to the miniaturization of diagnostic ultrasound scanners and their spread of their bedside use, ultrasonography has been actively utilized in emergency situations. Ultrasonography performed by medical personnel with focused approaches at the bedside for clinical decision-making and improving the quality of invasive procedures is now called point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS). The concept of POCUS has spread worldwide; however, in Japan, formal clinical guidance concerning POCUS is lacking, except for the application of focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) and ultrasound-guided central venous cannulation. The Committee for the Promotion of POCUS in the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine (JAAM) has often discussed improving the quality of acute care using POCUS, and the "Clinical Guidance for Emergency and Point-of-Care Ultrasonography" was finally established with the endorsement of JAAM. The background, targets for acute care physicians, rationale based on published articles, and integrated application were mentioned in this guidance. The core points include the fundamental principles of ultrasound, airway, chest, cardiac, abdominal, and deep venous ultrasound, ultrasound-guided procedures, and the usage of ultrasound based on symptoms. Additional points, which are currently being considered as potential core points in the future, have also been widely mentioned. This guidance describes the overview and future direction of ultrasonography for acute care physicians and can be utilized for emergency ultrasound education. We hope this guidance will contribute to the effective use of ultrasonography in acute care settings in Japan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Kameda
- Committee for the Promotion of Point‐of‐Care UltrasonographyJapanese Association for Acute MedicineJapan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineJichi Medical UniversityShimotsukeJapan
| | - Hiromoto Ishii
- Committee for the Promotion of Point‐of‐Care UltrasonographyJapanese Association for Acute MedicineJapan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care MedicineNippon Medical SchoolTokyoJapan
| | - Seiro Oya
- Committee for the Promotion of Point‐of‐Care UltrasonographyJapanese Association for Acute MedicineJapan
- Department of Emergency MedicineShizuoka Medical CenterShizuokaJapan
| | - Kenichi Katabami
- Committee for the Promotion of Point‐of‐Care UltrasonographyJapanese Association for Acute MedicineJapan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care CenterHokkaido University HospitalSapporoJapan
| | - Takamitsu Kodama
- Committee for the Promotion of Point‐of‐Care UltrasonographyJapanese Association for Acute MedicineJapan
- Department of Emergency and General Internal MedicineTajimi City HospitalTajimiJapan
| | - Makoto Sera
- Committee for the Promotion of Point‐of‐Care UltrasonographyJapanese Association for Acute MedicineJapan
- Department of Emergency MedicineFukui Prefectural HospitalFukuiJapan
| | - Hirokazu Takei
- Committee for the Promotion of Point‐of‐Care UltrasonographyJapanese Association for Acute MedicineJapan
- Department of Emergency MedicineHyogo Prefectural Kobe Children's HospitalKobeJapan
| | - Hayato Taniguchi
- Committee for the Promotion of Point‐of‐Care UltrasonographyJapanese Association for Acute MedicineJapan
- Advanced Critical Care and Emergency CenterYokohama City University Medical CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Shunichiro Nakao
- Committee for the Promotion of Point‐of‐Care UltrasonographyJapanese Association for Acute MedicineJapan
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Hiraku Funakoshi
- Committee for the Promotion of Point‐of‐Care UltrasonographyJapanese Association for Acute MedicineJapan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care MedicineTokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical CenterUrayasuJapan
| | - Satoshi Yamaga
- Committee for the Promotion of Point‐of‐Care UltrasonographyJapanese Association for Acute MedicineJapan
- Department of Radiation Disaster Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and MedicineHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Satomi Senoo
- Committee for the Promotion of Point‐of‐Care UltrasonographyJapanese Association for Acute MedicineJapan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care MedicineSaiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu HospitalYokohamaJapan
| | - Akio Kimura
- Committee for the Promotion of Point‐of‐Care UltrasonographyJapanese Association for Acute MedicineJapan
- Department of Emergency and Critical CareCenter Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ingber RB, Lodhi U, Mootz J, Siegel A, Al-Roubaie M, Greben C. Comparing Outcomes of CT-Guided Percutaneous Pericardial Drainage with Surgical Pericardial Window in Patients with Symptomatic Pericardial Effusions. Acad Radiol 2023; 30:2533-2540. [PMID: 36925336 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To compare short-term outcomes of CT-guided percutaneous pericardial drainage (PPD) versus subxiphoid surgical pericardial window (PW) drainage and analyze the risk factors associated with their outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective chart review of patients who underwent either percutaneous drainage with drainage catheter placement or PW with surgical drain placement for symptomatic pericardial effusion between January 1, 2006 and August 31, 2016 was performed after institutional review board approval (decision number 16-783). The primary objective was to test for associations between the short-term (≤30 days post procedure) complication and recurrence rates in patients with symptomatic pericardial effusions. The secondary objectives were to test for associations between short-term complications with changes in vital signs. RESULTS Of the 257 procedures included in the final analysis, 142 were in the percutaneous drainage group. Short-term complication rate was significantly greater (p < 0.001) in patients undergoing PW, 17% (19/114), as compared with PPD, 2% (3/142). The estimated odds of having complications in the PW cohort was 9 times greater than the percutaneous drainage cohort (OR = 9.3, 95% CI: 2.7-32.3). No significant difference was observed between whether or not a patient experienced a short-term recurrence and any of the explanatory variables (patient demographics, imaging, and vital signs). CONCLUSION CT-guided PPD is a safer alternative to surgical PW as it leads to fewer complications without a significant difference in recurrence rate of pericardial effusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross B Ingber
- Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset NY 11030.
| | | | - Joseph Mootz
- Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset NY 11030
| | - Adam Siegel
- Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset NY 11030
| | - Mustafa Al-Roubaie
- Moffit Cancer Center, University of South Florida Morsani School of Medicine
| | - Craig Greben
- Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset NY 11030
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lazaros G, Imazio M, Tsioufis P, Lazarou E, Vlachopoulos C, Tsioufis C. Chronic Pericardial Effusion: Causes and Management. Can J Cardiol 2023; 39:1121-1131. [PMID: 36773704 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pericardial effusion is a common pericardial syndrome whose approach has been well standardised in recent years. The main challenge associated with this condition is the progression (sometimes unheralded) to cardiac tamponade. Pericardial effusions may present either as an isolated finding or in the context of a specific etiology including autoimmune, neoplastic, or metabolic disease. Among investigations used during diagnostic work-up, echocardiography is of paramount importance for the diagnosis, sizing, and serial evaluation of the hemodynamic impact of effusions on heart diastolic function. In an individualised manner, advanced imaging including computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging should be performed, especially if baseline tests are inconclusive. Triage of these patients according to the most recent 2015 European Society of Cardiology Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases should take into account the presence of hemodynamic compromise as well as suspicion of malignant or purulent pericarditis as first step, C-reactive protein serum level measurement as second step, investigations for a specific condition known to be associated with pericardial effusion as third step, and finally the size and the duration of the effusion. Treatment depends on the evaluation of the above-mentioned parameters and should ideally be tailored to the individual patient. Prognosis of chronic pericardial effusions depends largely on the underlying etiology. According to novel data, the prognosis of individuals with idiopathic, chronic (> 3 months), large (> 2 cm), asymptomatic pericardial effusions is usually benign and a watchful waiting strategy seems more reasonable and cost-effective than routine drainage as previously recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Lazaros
- First Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Massimo Imazio
- Cardiology, Cardiothoracic Department, University Hospital "Santa Maria della Misericordia", ASUFC, Udine, Italy
| | - Panagiotis Tsioufis
- First Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Emilia Lazarou
- First Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalambos Vlachopoulos
- First Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Costas Tsioufis
- First Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Adler Y, Ristić AD, Imazio M, Brucato A, Pankuweit S, Burazor I, Seferović PM, Oh JK. Cardiac tamponade. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2023; 9:36. [PMID: 37474539 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-023-00446-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac tamponade is a medical emergency caused by the progressive accumulation of pericardial fluid (effusion), blood, pus or air in the pericardium, compressing the heart chambers and leading to haemodynamic compromise, circulatory shock, cardiac arrest and death. Pericardial diseases of any aetiology as well as complications of interventional and surgical procedures or chest trauma can cause cardiac tamponade. Tamponade can be precipitated in patients with pericardial effusion by dehydration or exposure to certain medications, particularly vasodilators or intravenous diuretics. Key clinical findings in patients with cardiac tamponade are hypotension, increased jugular venous pressure and distant heart sounds (Beck triad). Dyspnoea can progress to orthopnoea (with no rales on lung auscultation) accompanied by weakness, fatigue, tachycardia and oliguria. In tamponade caused by acute pericarditis, the patient can experience fever and typical chest pain increasing on inspiration and radiating to the trapezius ridge. Generally, cardiac tamponade is a clinical diagnosis that can be confirmed using various imaging modalities, principally echocardiography. Cardiac tamponade is preferably resolved by echocardiography-guided pericardiocentesis. In patients who have recently undergone cardiac surgery and in those with neoplastic infiltration, effusive-constrictive pericarditis, or loculated effusions, fluoroscopic guidance can increase the feasibility and safety of the procedure. Surgical management is indicated in patients with aortic dissection, chest trauma, bleeding or purulent infection that cannot be controlled percutaneously. After pericardiocentesis or pericardiotomy, NSAIDs and colchicine can be considered to prevent recurrence and effusive-constrictive pericarditis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yehuda Adler
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Bnei Brak, Israel.
- College of Law and Business, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| | - Arsen D Ristić
- Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Massimo Imazio
- Cardiothoracic Department, Cardiology, University Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
| | - Antonio Brucato
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, The University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabine Pankuweit
- Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ivana Burazor
- Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases "Dedinje" and Belgrade University, Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Petar M Seferović
- Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jae K Oh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hasegawa T, Arai Y, Sone M, Sugawara S, Itou C, Wada S, Umakoshi N, Kubo T, Kimura S, Kusumoto M. Clinical outcomes of image-guided percutaneous drainage of pericardial effusion in cancer patients: A single-center retrospective analysis. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2023; 19:257-262. [PMID: 35831984 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM Catheter removal, survival, and recurrence rates after percutaneous pericardial effusion drainage in cancer patients are not fully understood. We evaluated the clinical outcomes of image-guided percutaneous pericardial effusion drainage in cancer patients. METHODS From January 2014 to September 2017, 113 percutaneous drainages for symptomatic pericardial effusion were performed in 100 cancer patients (median 60 years; range, 7-84 years) using ultrasound or angio-computed tomography. An 8-Fr drainage catheter was placed using the Seldinger technique via the subxiphoid (n = 73), apical (n = 23), or left parasternal (n = 17) routes. Success rates, complications, and postprocedural clinical outcomes of drainages were retrospectively assessed. RESULTS The technical and clinical success rates were 100% and 99%, respectively, without major complications. The median duration of catheterization and evacuated pericardial effusion volume were 6 days (range, 1-72 days) and 970 ml (range, 140-7635 ml), respectively. Catheters were removed after the first drainage in 86 cases (86%). Symptomatic pericardial effusion recurred in nine patients after catheter removal, in whom redrainages were performed 13 times with a median duration to redrainage time of 48 days (range, 13-529 days). During the follow-up period (median 106 days [range, 1-1396 days]), 61 patients died. The median survival was 140 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 95-276 days), and the median catheter-free survival was 111 days (95% CI, 60-152 days). CONCLUSIONS Image-guided percutaneous pericardial effusion drainage for cancer patients is safe and helps alleviate symptoms. Additionally, catheter removal is possible in most patients, allowing a catheter-free period for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Hasegawa
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Arai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Sone
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sugawara
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Itou
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Wada
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Umakoshi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Kubo
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kimura
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kusumoto
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gonuguntla A, Vasireddy A, Venkatesan A, Maramreddy R, Rai GD, Kamath GS, Bishnoi AK. Stuck pericardial pigtail catheter in purulent pericarditis: early surgery? Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023; 39:60-63. [PMID: 36590053 PMCID: PMC9794654 DOI: 10.1007/s12055-022-01417-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyopericardium is rare in the modern antibiotic era but is still infrequently seen in the setting of immunosuppression, recent thoracic surgery and sepsis. Although classically an extension of a thoracic gram-positive bacterial infection, gram-negative bacterial purulent pericarditis may be encountered in the setting of nosocomial infections. Emergent pericardial drainage allows for prompt definitive management and planning for further intervention. Early surgery should be the priority after a failed retrieval of the catheter. Appropriate surgical methods should be employed to minimize complications associated with stuck catheters. We report a case of pyopericardium secondary to a clinically silent lung abscess in an immunocompetent 49-year-old patient. This was treated by standard pericardial drainage via a pigtail catheter. Multiple failed attempts in removal warranted a surgical approach to remove the coiled catheter. The catheter was found to be coiled around the heart with presence of clots in the pericardium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Revanth Maramreddy
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Guruprasad Darbe Rai
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Ganesh Sevagur Kamath
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Arvind Kumar Bishnoi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Krishnan S, Park JH, Siddiqui N, Halabi AR, Ahluwalia G, Desai RG, Patel KM. "The Pericardial Effusion is Drained, But the Catheter Is Stuck"-Percutaneous Evacuation of Pericardial Effusion Complicated by Pigtail Catheter Entrapment in Fibrinous Pericarditis. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2022; 36:3216-3220. [PMID: 35469716 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2022.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Krishnan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI; Department of Anesthesiology, St. Joseph Mercy Oakland Hospital, Pontiac, MI.
| | - Jee Ha Park
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Nazia Siddiqui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Abdul R Halabi
- Department of Cardiology, St. Joseph Mercy Oakland Hospital, Pontiac, MI
| | - Guneet Ahluwalia
- Department of Cardiology, St. Joseph Mercy Oakland Hospital, Pontiac, MI
| | - Ronak G Desai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cooper University Healthcare, Camden, NJ
| | - Kinjal M Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cooper University Healthcare, Camden, NJ
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wharton RH, Greenstein SA. Cardiac Tamponade: A Case for Point-of-Care Ultrasound. CASE 2022; 6:263-265. [PMID: 36036048 PMCID: PMC9399561 DOI: 10.1016/j.case.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
POCUS is increasingly being used in the evaluation of critically ill patients. POCUS can shorten pulse check duration and prognosticate outcomes in cardiac arrest. POCUS can identify the etiology of cardiac arrest after the first image. POCUS can be used without delay or interrupting treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven A. Greenstein
- Correspondence: Steven A. Greenstein, MD, North Shore University Hospital, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Department of Cardiology, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset, New York 11030.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Tuberculosis Management in Sub-Saharan Africa-A Balanced SWOT Analysis. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 123:46-51. [PMID: 35811083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is an increasingly accessible skill, allowing for the decentralization of its use to non-specialist healthcare workers to guide routine clinical decision making. The advent of ultrasound-on-a-chip has transformed the technology into a portable mobile health device. Due to its high sensitivity to detect small consolidations, pleural effusions and sub pleural nodules, POCUS has recently been proposed as a sputum-free likely triage tool for tuberculosis (TB). To make an objective assessment of the potential and limitations of POCUS in routine TB management, we present a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities & Threats (SWOT) analysis based on a review of the relevant literature and focusing on Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We idenitified numerous strengths and opportunities of POCUS for TB management e.g.; accessible, affordable, easy to use & maintain, expedited diagnosis, extra-pulmonary TB detection, safer pleural/pericardial puncture, use in children/pregnant women/PLHIV, targeted screening of TB contacts, monitoring TB sequelae, and creating AI decision support. Weaknesses and external threats such as operator dependency, lack of visualization of central lung pathology, poor specificity, lack of impact assessments and data from Sub-Saharan Africa must be taken into consideration to ensure that the potential of the technology can be fully realized in research as in practice.
Collapse
|
12
|
Henning RJ. Handheld ultrasound is an adjunct to the physical examination in the diagnosis of cardiopulmonary disease. Future Cardiol 2022; 18:585-600. [PMID: 35543226 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2021-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Handheld 2D ultrasound devices (HUDs) have become available as an adjunct to physical examinations, visualizing the heart and lungs in real time and facilitating prompt patient diagnosis and treatment of cardiopulmonar.y disorders. These devices provide simple and rapid bedside alternatives to repetitive chest x-rays, standard ultrasound examinations and thoracic CT scans. Two currently available HUDs are described. This paper discusses the use of HUDs in the diagnosis of patients with pericardial effusion and tamponade, ventricular dilation, aortic and mitral regurgitation, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, viral and bacterial pneumonia, pleural effusion and pneumothorax. The use of a HUD by physicians increases clinical diagnostic accuracy, adds quantitative information about cardiopulmonary disease severity and guides the use of medications and interventions.
Collapse
|
13
|
Lazaros G, Lazarou E, Tsioufis P, Soulaidopoulos S, Iliakis P, Vlachopoulos C, Tsioufis C. Chronic pericardial effusion: current concepts and emerging trends. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2022; 20:363-376. [PMID: 35524164 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2022.2075346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pericardial effusion (PEF) is a common and challenging pericardial syndrome with a variety of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic, incidentally uncovered small PEFs, to life-threatening cardiac tamponade. AREAS COVERED : This review focuses on the pathophysiology, epidemiology, etiology, classification, clinical findings, diagnostic work-up, management and outcome of PEFs. Particular emphasis has been given on the most recent evidence concerning the contribution of imaging for the detection, differential diagnosis and evaluation of the hemodynamic impact of PEFs on the diastolic filling of the heart. Moreover, simplified algorithms for PEF triage and management have been included. EXPERT OPINION The management of patients with PEFs is mainly based on four parameters namely hemodynamic impact on diastolic function, elevation of inflammatory markers, presence of a specific underlying condition known to be associated with PEF and finally size and duration of the effusion. Novel data have contributed to change our view towards large, asymptomatic, "idiopathic" PEFs and dictated a rather conservative approach in most cases. It is also stressed that there is a compelling need for additional research, which is essential for tailored treatments aiming at the improvement of quality of life and containment of health care costs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Lazaros
- First Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Emilia Lazarou
- First Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Tsioufis
- First Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Stergios Soulaidopoulos
- First Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagιotis Iliakis
- First Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalambos Vlachopoulos
- First Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Costas Tsioufis
- First Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Alerhand S, Adrian RJ, Long B, Avila J. Pericardial tamponade: A comprehensive emergency medicine and echocardiography review. Am J Emerg Med 2022; 58:159-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
15
|
Affiliation(s)
- José L Díaz-Gómez
- From the Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (J.L.D.-G.); and the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead (P.H.M.), and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (S.J.K.) - both in New York
| | - Paul H Mayo
- From the Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (J.L.D.-G.); and the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead (P.H.M.), and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (S.J.K.) - both in New York
| | - Seth J Koenig
- From the Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (J.L.D.-G.); and the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead (P.H.M.), and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (S.J.K.) - both in New York
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Evaluation of pericardiocentesis videos on YouTube as a reliable source for on-line education in the COVID-19 period. POLISH JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY 2021; 18:33-39. [PMID: 34552642 PMCID: PMC8442092 DOI: 10.5114/kitp.2021.105185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Pericardiocentesis is an invasive procedure performed to drain fluid from the pericardial cavity. Aim We investigated the quality of videos about pericardiocentesis on YouTube and analysed their reliability and teaching properties, in the covid 19 period when online education has come to the fore. Material and methods We searched YouTube using the terms „pericardiocentesis, cardiac tamponade, pericardial effusion, pericardial effusion drainage, pericardial tamponade” for uploaded videos. We scored every video according to the questions we prepared using the guidelines about pericardiocentesis. We used the HONcode score, GQS score, and RELIABILITY score to assess the quality of videos. Two physicians independently and blindly classified videos as useful or misleading and rated them. Results A total of 168 videos were examined. After the application of exclusion criteria, 38 videos were evaluated. The pericardiocentesis checklist average score was 10.45 ±2.56. According to sources of videos, the average score for university or research hospital videos was 13.1 ±1.5, and videos whose source could not be identified had an average score of 7.5 ±2.0. According to the level of HONcode, 17 (44.7%) videos were low quality; according to GQS score, 8 (21.1%) videos were poor quality. The quality of university hospital uploads (β-coefficient 3.960, p-value 0.004) were higher and statistically significant than other upload centres. Conclusions The educational value of pericardiocentesis videos on YouTube are low. It is recommended that doctors and patients be aware of and adopt the developing technology, and they should prefer videos uploaded from university hospitals and educational hospitals.
Collapse
|
17
|
Lord S, Lord G, Geary S. A Novel, Low-cost, Low-fidelity Pericardiocentesis Teaching Model. West J Emerg Med 2021; 22:931-936. [PMID: 35354017 PMCID: PMC8328165 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2021.3.49876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pericardiocentesis is a high-risk/low-frequency procedure important to emergency medicine (EM). However, due to case rarity it is not often performed on a patient during residency training. Because the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic limited cadaver-based practice, we developed a novel, low-cost, low-fidelity pericardiocentesis model using three dimensional-printing technology to provide advances on prior home-made models. Methods Residents watched a 20-minute video about performing a pericardiocentesis and practiced both a blind and ultrasound-guided technique. We assessed model fidelity, convenience, and perceived provider competence via post-workshop questionnaire. Results A total of 24/26 (93%) individuals practicing on the ultrasound-guided model and 22/24 (92%) on the blind approach model agreed or strongly agreed that the models reasonably mimicked a pericardial effusion. Conclusion Our low-cost, low-fidelity model is durable, mimics the clinical case, and is easy to use. It also addresses known limitations from prior low-fidelity models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Spencer Lord
- Albany Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Surgery, Albany, New York
| | | | - Sean Geary
- Albany Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Surgery, Albany, New York
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang Q, Wang D, Liu Y. Mediastinal effusion due to pericardiocentesis with cardiac tamponade: a case report. BMC Anesthesiol 2021; 21:172. [PMID: 34134618 PMCID: PMC8207801 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-021-01385-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pericardiocentesis is an effective treatment for cardiac tamponade, but there are risks, including haemorrhagic events, cardiac perforation, pneumothorax, arrhythmia, acute pulmonary oedema and so on. Mediastinal effusion caused by puncture is rarely reported. Case presentation A 47-year-old man who had a history of right leg deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary artery embolism with implantation of an inferior vena cava filter presented for inferior vena cava filter removal. Within 30 min after the procedure, he developed chest pain, nausea, vomiting and presyncope with shock. Echocardiography confirmed massive pericardial effusion with evidence of cardiac tamponade. Emergency pericardiocentesis was performed. Confusingly, only 3 mL of bloody pericardial effusion was drained in total, and subsequently, the patient’s symptoms rapidly improved with stable haemodynamics. Repeat echocardiography showed that the pericardial effusion had disappeared. Urgent computed tomography pulmonary angiography demonstrated localized effusion, which was not seen the previous computed tomography results and was noted around the left ventricle in the mediastinal apace. No intervention was performed, given that there was no bleeding tendency or further adverse events related to the mediastinal effusion. The patient was subsequently discharged in a stable condition a few days later, and outpatient follow-up was advised. Conclusions Mediastinal effusion is a rare complication of pericardiocentesis. In the case described herein, the most likely cause was pericardial effusion extravasated into the mediastinum through the needle insertion site in the puncture process due to large pressure variations in the intrapericardial space with tamponade, differing from cases of over-anticoagulation reported in the previous literature. Just as our case demonstrates that conservative treatment of an hemodynamic insignificant mediastinal effusion may be appropriate. Echocardiography is useful and effective to minimize complication rates. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12871-021-01385-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, 550004, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Difen Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, 550004, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, 550004, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang L, Zhang XF, Liu Z, Liu Y, Guo CL, Shao H, Li B, Zhang C, Jing H, Cheng W. High frequency ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis performed in the sitting position: A novel apical approach. Clin Cardiol 2021; 44:1106-1112. [PMID: 34101857 PMCID: PMC8364732 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background So far, few approaches have been described to reduce inadvertent injury to structure of the heart and nearby organs in percutaneous pericardiocentesis. Hypothesis We hypothesized that an in‐plane high frequency ultrasound‐guided apical approach, performed in the sitting position, would provide additional benefits in terms of feasibility and safety for draining malignant pericardial effusion (MPE). Methods The authors selected 53 consecutive patients with moderate or large symptomatic MPE who underwent high frequency ultrasound‐guided pericardiocentesis. After the procedure, all patients were followed for 90 days with the main purpose of detecting procedure success, procedure‐related complications, and recurrent PE. Results Procedure success rate for pericardiocentesis was 100%. All patients were placed in the sitting position with their left hands extended above the heads. An apical puncture approach was performed in all cases (100%). The mean duration of catheter drainage was 8.1 ± 3.2 days. The mean initial amount of pericardial fluid drained was 956.3 ± 687.5 ml. Overall, six patients (11%) had recurrent PE; 3 (6%) had repeated percutaneous pericardiocentesis. There was no major complication and minor complications occurred in four patients (8%). Conclusion This novel in‐plane high frequency US‐guided apical approach has several advantages for percutaneous pericardiocentesis of MPE: performed in the sitting position; a benefit for patients with orthopnea; a maximum inserted wide angle to prevent damage to the myocardium; local enlargement of the PE region; high procedure success rate of pericardiocentesis; and excellent clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.,Interventional Ultrasound Ward, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xue-Fei Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.,Interventional Ultrasound Ward, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Cun-Li Guo
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Hua Shao
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Jing
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.,Interventional Ultrasound Ward, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ho HMK, Craig DQM, Day RM. Access routes, devices and guidance methods for intrapericardial delivery in cardiac conditions. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2021; 32:206-218. [PMID: 33892101 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Drug deposition into the intrapericardial space is favourable for achieving localised effects and targeted cardiac delivery owing to its proximity to the myocardium as well as facilitating optimised pharmacokinetic profiles and a reduction in systemic side effects. Access to the pericardium requires invasive procedures but the risks associated with this have been reduced with technological advances, such as combining transatrial and subxiphoid access with different guidance methods. A variety of introducer devices, ranging from needles to loop-catheters, have also been developed and validated in pre-clinical studies investigating intrapericardial delivery of therapeutic agents. Access techniques are generally well-tolerated, self-limiting and safe, although some rare complications associated with certain approaches have been reported. This review covers these access techniques and how they have been applied to the delivery of drugs, cells, and biologicals, demonstrating the potential of intrapericardial delivery for treatments in cardiac arrhythmia, vascular damage, and myocardial infarction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hei Ming Kenneth Ho
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; Centre for Precision Healthcare, UCL Division of Medicine, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Duncan Q M Craig
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Richard M Day
- Centre for Precision Healthcare, UCL Division of Medicine, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Myers F, Aggarwal V, Bass JL, Berry JM, Knutson S, Narasimhan S, Steinberger J, Ambrose M, Shah KM, Hiremath G. Anatomic Approach and Outcomes in Children Undergoing Percutaneous Pericardiocentesis. Pediatr Cardiol 2021; 42:918-925. [PMID: 33590324 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-021-02563-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Pericardiocentesis is traditionally performed using a subxiphoid approach. Hepatomegaly or loculated and noncircumferential effusions warrant nonstandard approaches to drain effusions; echocardiographic guidance has made these less traditional, non-subxiphoid approaches feasible. The study is aimed at comparing clinical outcomes of the subxiphoid and non-subxiphoid approaches to percutaneous pericardiocentesis in a pediatric population. This is a retrospective chart review of all children undergoing percutaneous pericardiocentesis from August 2008 to December 2019 at a single-center. A total of 104 patients underwent echocardiography-guided pericardiocentesis during the timeframe. Additionally, fluoroscopy was also used in 80 patients. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was the most common underlying diagnosis (n = 53, 50.9%). A non-subxiphoid approach was used in 58.6% (n = 61) of patients. The fifth and sixth intercostal spaces were the most commonly used (n = 17 each). The non-subxiphoid group tended to be older (95.9 vs. 21.7 months, p = 0.006) and weighed more (23.6 vs. 11.2 kgs, p = 0.013) as compared to the subxiphoid group. Non-subxiphoid approach was associated with shorter procedure times (21 vs. 37 min, p = 0.005). No major complications were seen. Five minor complications occurred and were equally distributed in the two groups. Complications were more likely in younger patients (p = 0.047). The technique and anatomic approach to pericardiocentesis, and the location or size of effusion did not influence the risk of complications. Echocardiography-guided percutaneous pericardiocentesis in children was associated with low complication rates in this single-center pediatric experience. The use of a non-traditional, non-subxiphoid approach was associated with shorter procedure times and did not significantly affect complication rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faith Myers
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Children's Hospital, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Ave, East Building Room MB547, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - Varun Aggarwal
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Children's Hospital, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Ave, East Building Room MB547, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - John L Bass
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Children's Hospital, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Ave, East Building Room MB547, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - James M Berry
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Children's Hospital, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Ave, East Building Room MB547, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - Stacie Knutson
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Children's Hospital, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Ave, East Building Room MB547, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - Shanti Narasimhan
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Children's Hospital, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Ave, East Building Room MB547, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - Julia Steinberger
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Children's Hospital, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Ave, East Building Room MB547, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - Matthew Ambrose
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Children's Hospital, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Ave, East Building Room MB547, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - Kavisha M Shah
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Children's Hospital, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Ave, East Building Room MB547, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - Gurumurthy Hiremath
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Children's Hospital, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Ave, East Building Room MB547, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yan K, Yan W, Zeng W, Ding Q, Chen J, Yan J, Lam CP, Wan S, Cheng SS. Towards a Wristed Percutaneous Robot With Variable Stiffness for Pericardiocentesis. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1109/lra.2021.3062583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
23
|
Imazio M, De Ferrari GM. Cardiac tamponade: an educational review. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR CARE 2021; 10:102–109. [PMID: 32628038 DOI: 10.1177/2048872620939341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac tamponade is a pericardial syndrome characterised by an impairment of the diastolic filling of the ventricles causing reduction of cardiac output, usually producing signs and symptoms of cardiac arrest, if untreated. The main causes of cardiac tamponade include percutaneous cardiac interventions, malignacies, infectious/inflammatory causes, mechanical complications of myocardial infarction and aortic dissection. The diagnosis of cardiac tamponade is a clinical diagnosis based on a suggestive history and clinical presentation with worsening dyspnoea, distended jugular veins, muffled heart sounds and pulsus paradoxus, and should be confirmed by echocardiography. Cardiac tamponade is a life-threatening syndrome that requires urgent treatment by pericardiocentesis. Pericardiocentesis is an interventional technique to drain pericardial fluid by a percutaneous route. The standard technique for pericardiocentesis is guided by echocardiography or fluoroscopy under local anaesthesia. Pericardiocentesis should be performed by experienced operators and carries a variable risk of complications, mainly cardiac chamber puncture, arrhythmias (ventricular arrhythmias suggest puncture of the ventricle), coronary artery puncture or haemothorax, pneumothorax, pneumopericardium and hepatic injury. The prognosis of cardiac tamponade is essentially related to aetiology. Cardiac tamponade in patients with cancer and metastatic involvement of the pericardium has a bad short-term prognosis because it is a sign of advanced cancer, on the contrary, patients with cardiac tamponade and a final diagnosis of idiopathic pericarditis generally have a good long-term prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Imazio
- University Cardiology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
De Haes F, Zimmerman DDE, Özmen M, Göttgens KWA, Langenhoff BS. Laparoscopic transdiaphragmatic pericardial fenestration in palliative care: how I do it. Acta Chir Belg 2021; 121:69-73. [PMID: 32815774 DOI: 10.1080/00015458.2020.1805858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal therapeutic strategy for drainage of malignant pericardial effusion is not yet determined. Several techniques are described, with different benefits and disadvantages. The literature suggests that surgical drainage of pericardial effusions has less effusion recurrence; however, randomized controlled trials are not available. Due to the nature of the disease, quality of life should always be considered while making treatment decisions. METHODS A retrospective analysis of all consecutive patients from November 2016 until June 2019 of our institution in the Netherlands was performed. All patients underwent laparoscopic pericardial fenestration after echocardiography and request for operative treatment by the cardiologist. The same operation technique was performed in every case. RESULTS Four out of five of our patients needed pericardial fenestration because of oncological diseases. No hemodynamically instability was noted during this fast technique, achieving direct relief of symptoms. No treatment-related morbidity or mortality, nor the need for re-intervention was encountered. We compared the outcome of our five patients with the existing evidence in the literature. CONCLUSIONS In this article, we highlight the laparoscopic transdiaphragmatic pericardial fenestration as a treatment of preference in a non-acute palliative setting. This laparoscopic approach is safe, and can be a valuable alternative among the other well-known approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Femke De Haes
- Department of Surgery, ETZ Hospital Tilburg, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- OF-2, The Medical Component of the Belgian Armed Forces, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Mustafa Özmen
- Department of Cardiology, ETZ Hospital Tilburg, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Adi O, Fong CP, Ahmad AH, Azil A, Ranga A, Panebianco N. Pericardial decompression syndrome: A complication of pericardiocentesis. Am J Emerg Med 2021; 45:688.e3-688.e7. [PMID: 33514476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericardial Decompression Syndrome (PDS) is an uncommon but life-threatening complication following pericardiocentesis for cardiac tamponade. We report PDS after pericardiocentesis in two patients that presented to the emergency department with cardiac tamponade. In both cases, pericardiocentesis was performed under ultrasound guidance using the left parasternal approach and approximately 1200-1500 mL of pericardial fluid was removed. Immediately after pericardiocentesis, the haemodynamic status of the patients improved. However, 2-3 h post decompression, both patients developed hypotension and pulmonary edema with reduced left ventricular function, suggestive of PDS. PDS is a condition that is described as paradoxical worsening of vital signs after successful decompression of the pericardium in the setting of acute tamponade. Three possible mechanisms explaining PDS are ischaemic, hemodynamic and autonomic processes. If PDS is unrecognized and untreated, it is associated with a high mortality rate secondary to pulmonary edema and cardiogenic shock. If managed urgently, the cardiopulmonary dysfunction in PDS is usually transient and largely reversible with supportive care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osman Adi
- Consultant Emergency Physician & ED Critical Care, Trauma & Emergency Department, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Chan Pei Fong
- Consultant Emergency Physician & ED Critical Care, Trauma & Emergency Department, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Azma Haryaty Ahmad
- Consultant Emergency Physician & ED Critical Care, Trauma & Emergency Department, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Azlizawati Azil
- Consultant Emergency Physician & ED Critical Care, Trauma & Emergency Department, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Asri Ranga
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Serdang, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nova Panebianco
- Division of Emergency Ultrasound, Department of Emergency Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lin Z, Soh CHW, Chua MT, Lin J, Ho CJY, Lee JYH, Shen FYT, Yau YW, Kuan WS. Comparison of Reusable Models in Pericardiocentesis Simulation Training. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2020; 49:971-977. [PMID: 33463655 DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pericardiocentesis is a potentially life-saving procedure. We compared two low-cost models-an agar-based model and a novel model, Centesys-in terms of ultrasound image quality and realism, effectiveness of the model, and learners' confidence and satisfaction after training. METHODS In this pilot randomised 2x2 crossover trial stratified by physician seniority, participants were assigned to undergo pericardiocentesis training either with the agar-based or Centesys model first, followed by the other model. Participants were asked to rate their confidence in performing ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis, clarity and realism of cardiac structures on ultrasound imaging, and satisfaction on a 7-point Likert scale before and after training with each model. RESULTS Twenty participants with median postgraduate year of 4 (interquartile range [IQR] 3.75-6) years were recruited. Pre-training, participants rated themselves a median score of 2.5 (IQR 2-4) for level of confidence in performing pericardiocentesis, which improved to 5 (IQR 4-6) post-training with Centesys (P=0.007). Centesys was recognised to be more realistic in simulating cardiac anatomy on ultrasound (median 5 [IQR 4-5] versus 3.5 [IQR 3-4], P=0.002) than the agar-based model. There was greater satisfaction with Centesys (median 5 [IQR 5-6] versus 4 [IQR 3.75-4], P<0.001). All 20 participants achieved successful insertion of a pericardial drain into the simulated pericardial sac with Centesys. CONCLUSION Centesys achieved greater learner satisfaction as compared to the agar-based model, and was an effective tool for teaching ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis and drain insertion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Lin
- Emergency Medicine Department, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ased S, Payne AN, Yang C. Idiopathic hemodynamically unstable polymicrobial purulent pericarditis: a rare case presentation. J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open 2020; 1:744-746. [PMID: 33145514 PMCID: PMC7593473 DOI: 10.1002/emp2.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purulent pericarditis is an extremely rare disease accounting for <1% of pericarditis cases. Purulent pericarditis with hemodyamically unstable tamponade if untreated is fatal. Furthermore, although idiopathic polymicrobial disease is documented, a combination Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Prevotella buccae, and Citrobacter freundii have not been found in the literature by the authors. What follows is a case of a 58-year-old male who presented to the emergency department (ED) with these features and underwent emergent bedside pericardiocentesis and a brief review of current pericardiocentesis techniques in the emergency department.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suhaib Ased
- Charleston Area Medical CenterCharlestonWest VirginiaUSA
| | | | - Calvin Yang
- Charleston Area Medical CenterCharlestonWest VirginiaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Baqi A, Ahmed I. Pericardiocentesis Indications and Complications: A Retrospective Observational Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Cureus 2020; 12:e10102. [PMID: 33005522 PMCID: PMC7522186 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pericardiocentesis is crucial for the diagnosis and management of diseases responsible for significant pericardial effusions. Pericardiocentesis was performed the first time by Riolanus for cardiac tamponade. He described the process of trephination of the sternum to remove the abnormally accumulated fluid from the pericardial space. However, with the advancement of expertise in echocardiography assisted procedures, echocardiography-guided diagnostic and therapeutic pericardiocentesis is now considered standard clinical practice in the treatment of pericardial effusions. OBJECTIVES We aim to study different causes of pericardial effusion and indications of pericardiocentesis as well as complications associated with it in our population. METHODS This is a retrospective observational study done at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. We reviewed hospital record files of 66 patients admitted to Aga Khan University Hospital from January 2010 to December 2019 who underwent pericardiocentesis. RESULTS Out of 66 patients, 43 (65.2%) were male. The mean age of the study population was 48.59±18.9 years and 41 (62.1%) of them had underlying active malignancy with hematological malignancies being most common followed by lung carcinoma. In the majority of patients (71.2%), pericardiocentesis was performed at the bedside, and the rest of them (28.8%) underwent pericardiocentesis in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Of all the patients, 46 (69.7%) underwent pericardiocentesis under echocardiography guidance and 18 (27.3%) required fluoroscopy. Successful pericardiocentesis was performed in 65 (98.5%) of the patients, two (3%) patients developed access site infection and only one (1.5%) patient became hemodynamically unstable while undergoing pericardiocentesis Conclusion: Malignancy, predominantly lymphoma, is the most common cause of pericardial effusion requiring pericardiocentesis. Dyspnea is the most common symptom of presentation with cardiac tamponade. Echocardiography is the commonly used imaging modality for pericardiocentesis. Bedside setting is the most common setting used for pericardiocentesis. Imaging guided pericardiocentesis has a very high success and low complication rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Baqi
- Cardiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | - Intisar Ahmed
- Cardiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Luis SA, Kane GC, Luis CR, Oh JK, Sinak LJ. Overview of Optimal Techniques for Pericardiocentesis in Contemporary Practice. Curr Cardiol Rep 2020; 22:60. [PMID: 32562136 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-020-01324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes the optimal techniques for the performance of pericardiocentesis in contemporary practice, highlighting the indications, contraindications, and techniques used. Routine pericardial catheter management and the diagnostic role of pericardial fluid analysis are described. RECENT FINDINGS Echocardiographic-guided pericardiocentesis should be considered the therapy of choice in current clinical practice and may be performed safely despite the presence of coagulopathy and thrombocytopenia in the hands of expert operators. Computed tomography (CT)-guided techniques may provide a useful adjunctive tool in patients with poor acoustic windows or complex loculated effusions. Conservative management utilizing pericardiocentesis may be considered in select patients with device lead and interventional-related pericardial effusions. Echocardiographic-guided pericardiocentesis with extended pericardial drainage (goal output < 50 mL/24 h) should be considered the standard of care in contemporary practice. Pericardial fluid analysis should be tailored based on the clinical history and appearances of the pericardial fluid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Allen Luis
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Garvan C Kane
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Chris R Luis
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jae K Oh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Lawrence J Sinak
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Caiati C, Pollice P, Truncellito L, Lepera ME, Favale S. Minimal Cardiac Perforation by Lead Pacemaker Complicated with Pericardial Effusion and Impending Tamponade: Optimal Management with No Pericardiocentesis Driven by Echocardiography. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10040191. [PMID: 32235447 PMCID: PMC7235835 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10040191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the case of a 51-year-old patient who underwent the implantation of a bi-ventricular implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) complicated by a sub-acute right ventricular minimal perforation with pericardial effusion and echocardiographic signs of tamponade. A new echocardiographic plane orientation allowed us to diagnose this condition in emergency and to make the right decision without delay, which consisting in unscrewing the active fixation screw under fluoroscopy guidance, while the pericardiocentesis was postponed. Thanks to the intervention focused on eliminating the cause of the postcardiac injury syndrome, the patient recovered rapidly and ultimately avoided the pericardiocentesis procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Caiati
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantations, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (P.P.); (M.E.L.); (S.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-080-559-2117; Fax: +39-080-547-8796
| | - Paolo Pollice
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantations, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (P.P.); (M.E.L.); (S.F.)
- Unit of Cardiology, Civil Hospital “Giovanni Paolo II”, 75025 Policoro (MT), Italy;
| | - Luigi Truncellito
- Unit of Cardiology, Civil Hospital “Giovanni Paolo II”, 75025 Policoro (MT), Italy;
| | - Mario Erminio Lepera
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantations, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (P.P.); (M.E.L.); (S.F.)
| | - Stefano Favale
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantations, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (P.P.); (M.E.L.); (S.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
A 69-Year-Old Man Presented With Abdominal Pain and Dark, Tarry Stools. Chest 2020; 155:e127-e129. [PMID: 31060708 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2018.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
32
|
Ryu AJ, Kane GC, Pislaru SV, Lekhakul A, Geske JB, Luis SA, Michelena HI, Nkomo VT, Thaden JJ, Sinak LJ. Bleeding Complications of Ultrasound-Guided Pericardiocentesis in the Presence of Coagulopathy or Thrombocytopenia. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2020; 33:399-401. [PMID: 31959530 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Garvan C Kane
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sorin V Pislaru
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Annop Lekhakul
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodhi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jeffrey B Geske
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sushil A Luis
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Hector I Michelena
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Vuyisile T Nkomo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jeremy J Thaden
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lawrence J Sinak
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Case BC, Yang M, Kagan CM, Yerasi C, Forrestal BJ, Tariq MU, Medvedofsky D, Hashim H, Rogers T, Satler LF, Waksman R, Ben-Dor I. Safety and Feasibility of Performing Pericardiocentesis on Patients with Significant Pulmonary Hypertension. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2019; 20:1090-1095. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2019.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
34
|
Mohamed AM. Effusion and coin shadow: is there a relation? A case report. Eur Heart J Case Rep 2019; 3:1-6. [PMID: 31911975 PMCID: PMC6939791 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytz168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Malignant pericardial effusion is a common consequence of various types of cancer. The diagnosis of cardiac tamponade in malignant effusion may be challenging, as the typical echocardiographic signs are not met. Patients with cancer can present with cardiac tamponade in form of tachycardia (rather that hypotension) that improves after pericardiocentesis. Case summary A 70-year-old female patient presented to the emergency department with rapid development of shortness of breath over a week. Her past medical history included oesophageal carcinoma 1 year before presentation. This was complicated by dysphagia for which the patient underwent oesophageal stenting 5 months before admission. On admission, the patient was in respiratory distress, tachycardia; however, she was normotensive. Echocardiography revealed massive circumferential pericardial effusion. Apart from significant respiratory variation in mitral and tricuspid inflow, the echocardiographic features of tamponade were absent. We discuss on how we applied European Society of Cardiology guidelines in order to calculate the pericardiocentesis score and make a firm management plan. Despite that the patient was normotensive, the pericardiocentesis score was 13.5, so urgent pericardiocentesis was done followed by immediate improvement. Discussion This case demonstrates that oncology patients can present with tamponade in the form of tachycardia rather than hypotension as the slow course of effusion formation allows the body to compensate by increasing the heart rate and peripheral vascular resistance, thus maintaining the blood pressure. The application of ‘pericardiocentesis score’ is very helpful in such patients. Score equal or greater than 6 necessitates urgent pericardiocentesis even if the blood pressure is normal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mohsen Mohamed
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cairo University, 31, 30 Street, Hadayek Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate a novel pericardiocentesis technique using an in-plane parasternal medial-to-lateral approach with the use of a high-frequency probe in patients with cardiac tamponade. Background Echocardiography is pivotal in the diagnosis of pericardial effusion and tamponade physiology. Ultrasound guidance for pericardiocentesis is currently considered the standard of care. Several approaches have been described recently, which differ mainly on the site of puncture (subxiphoid, apical, or parasternal). Although they share the use of low-frequency probes, there is absence of complete control of needle trajectory and real-time needle visualization. An in-plane and real-time technique has only been described anecdotally. Methods and results A retrospective analysis of 11 patients (63% men, mean age: 37.7±21.2 years) presenting with cardiac tamponade admitted to the tertiary-care emergency department and treated with parasternal medial-to-lateral in-plane pericardiocentesis was carried out. The underlying causes of cardiac tamponade were different among the population. All the pericardiocentesis were successfully performed in the emergency department, without complications, relieving the hemodynamic instability. The mean time taken to perform the eight-step procedure was 309±76.4 s, with no procedure-related complications. Conclusion The parasternal medial-to-lateral in-plane pericardiocentesis is a new technique theoretically free of complications and it enables real-time monitoring of needle trajectory. For the first time, a pericardiocentesis approach with a medial-to-lateral needle trajectory and real-time, in-plane, needle visualization was performed in a tamponade patient population.
Collapse
|
36
|
Maggiolini S, De Carlini CC, Imazio M. Evolution of the pericardiocentesis technique. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2018; 19:267-273. [PMID: 29553993 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
: Pericardiocentesis is a valuable technique for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade, although it may be associated with potentially serious complications. Through the years, many different imaging approaches have been described to reduce the complication rate of the procedure. This systematic review provides a focused overview of the different techniques developed in recent years to reduce the procedural complications and to increase the related success rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Maggiolini
- Cardiology Division, Cardiovascular Department, San L. Mandic Hospital, Merate
| | | | - Massimo Imazio
- Cardiology, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sinnaeve PR, Adriaenssens T. A contemporary look at pericardiocentesis. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2018; 29:375-383. [PMID: 30482483 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Percutaneous drainage is the default strategy for evacuating a pericardial effusion. A pericardiocentesis can be necessary or required in a wide variety of clinical settings ranging from urgent tamponade to relieve in iatrogenic hemorrhagic effusions in the electrophysiology or catheterization room, to planned diagnostic procedures in patients with suspected or known malignancy or infections. With the help of several procedural improvements over the past decades, echocardiography and fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous pericardiocentesis has become the standard intervention for evacuating pericardial effusions, as well as an essential tool in the diagnostic work-up of an unexplained pericardial effusion. When performed by skilled physicians assisted by appropriate imaging it is a very safe procedure, and provided that an indwelling catheter is placed, it is also very effective with an acceptably low risk of recurrences. In this review, the indications and standard techniques for pericardiocentesis are discussed, as well as their consequences for patients with iatrogenic and malignant effusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P R Sinnaeve
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium.
| | - T Adriaenssens
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Fiocca L, Cereda AF, Bernelli C, Canova PA, Serino F, Niglio T, Musumeci G, Guagliumi G, Vassileva A, Senni M, Valsecchi O. Autologous blood reinfusion during iatrogenic acute hemorrhagic cardiac tamponade: Safety and feasibility in a cohort of 30 patients. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2018; 93:E56-E62. [DOI: 10.1002/ccd.27784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Fiocca
- Cardiovascular Department; Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII; Bergamo Italy
| | - Alberto F. Cereda
- Cardiovascular Department; Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII; Bergamo Italy
| | - Chiara Bernelli
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, ASST Nord Milano; Ospedale Edoardo Bassini; Cinisello Balsamo (MI) Italy
| | - Paolo A. Canova
- Cardiovascular Department; Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII; Bergamo Italy
| | - Federica Serino
- Cardiovascular Department; Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII; Bergamo Italy
| | - Tullio Niglio
- Cardiovascular Department; Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII; Bergamo Italy
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Cardiovascular Department; Ospedale Santa Croce e Carle; Cuneo Italy
| | - Giulio Guagliumi
- Cardiovascular Department; Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII; Bergamo Italy
| | | | - Michele Senni
- Cardiovascular Department; Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII; Bergamo Italy
| | - Orazio Valsecchi
- Cardiovascular Department; Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII; Bergamo Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Vilela EM, Ruivo C, Guerreiro CE, Silva MP, Ladeiras-Lopes R, Caeiro D, Morais GP, Primo J, Braga P, Ferreira N, Nunes JPL, Ribeiro VG. Computed tomography-guided pericardiocentesis: a systematic review concerning contemporary evidence and future perspectives. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 12:299-307. [PMID: 30111248 DOI: 10.1177/1753944718792413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pericardial effusion (PE) can develop in several pathological scenarios, and is often initially evaluated by means of echocardiography. Computed tomography (CT) has been used as an aid in the management of patients presenting with PE, in selected cases. The role of CT-guided pericardiocentesis in contemporary practice, however, remains not fully ascertained. We aimed at presenting a systematic review concerning the state-of-the-art of this technique. METHODS A systematic review of published data on the use of CT for guiding pericardiocentesis was carried out (search performed on PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge and Scopus databases). RESULTS From title and abstract analysis, 14 articles were included that met the prespecified criteria. After full-text analysis, six articles were excluded. The eight articles under analysis included a total of 635 procedures performed in 571 patients. CT guidance was mostly used in a postoperative setting (364 procedures). Most procedures were done mainly for therapeutic purposes (528 procedures). Success rates ranged from 94% to 100%. Complications ranged from 0% to 7.8%. CONCLUSION CT-guided pericardiocentesis is a useful technique in the approach to PE, in several clinical scenarios. Its use can be especially relevant in the postoperative period, as well as in individuals with suboptimal image quality (as assessed by echocardiography, for the moment the first choice in the approach to most cases of PE).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo M Vilela
- Cardiology Department, Vila Nova de Gaia / Espinho Hospital Center EPE, Rua Conceição Fernandes, 4434-520 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | | | - Claudio E Guerreiro
- Cardiology Department, Vila Nova de Gaia / Espinho Hospital Center, Gaia, Portugal
| | - Marisa P Silva
- Cardiology Department, Vila Nova de Gaia / Espinho Hospital Center, Gaia, Portugal
| | | | - Daniel Caeiro
- Cardiology Department, Vila Nova de Gaia / Espinho Hospital Center, Gaia, Portugal
| | - Gustavo P Morais
- Cardiology Department, Vila Nova de Gaia / Espinho Hospital Center, Gaia, Portugal
| | - João Primo
- Cardiology Department, Vila Nova de Gaia / Espinho Hospital Center, Gaia, Portugal
| | - Pedro Braga
- Cardiology Department, Vila Nova de Gaia / Espinho Hospital Center, Gaia, Portugal
| | - Nuno Ferreira
- Cardiology Department, Vila Nova de Gaia / Espinho Hospital Center, Gaia, Portugal
| | - José Pedro L Nunes
- São João Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vasco Gama Ribeiro
- Cardiology Department, Vila Nova de Gaia / Espinho Hospital Center, Gaia, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ketelaars R, Reijnders G, van Geffen GJ, Scheffer GJ, Hoogerwerf N. ABCDE of prehospital ultrasonography: a narrative review. Crit Ultrasound J 2018; 10:17. [PMID: 30088160 PMCID: PMC6081492 DOI: 10.1186/s13089-018-0099-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prehospital point-of-care ultrasound used by nonradiologists in emergency medicine is gaining ground. It is feasible on-scene and during aeromedical transport and allows health-care professionals to detect or rule out potential harmful conditions. Consequently, it impacts decision-making in prioritizing care, selecting the best treatment, and the most suitable transport mode and destination. This increasing relevance of prehospital ultrasonography is due to advancements in ultrasound devices and related technology, and to a growing number of applications. This narrative review aims to present an overview of prehospital ultrasonography literature. The focus is on civilian emergency (trauma and non-trauma) setting. Current and potential future applications are discussed, structured according to the airway, breathing, circulation, disability, and environment/exposure (ABCDE) approach. Aside from diagnostic implementation and specific protocols, procedural guidance, therapeutic ultrasound, and challenges are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rein Ketelaars
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Palliative Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Helicopter Emergency Medical Service Lifeliner 3, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Gabby Reijnders
- Department of Intensive Care, Catharina Hospital, Michelangelolaan 2, 5623 EJ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan van Geffen
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Palliative Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Helicopter Emergency Medical Service Lifeliner 3, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Jan Scheffer
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Palliative Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nico Hoogerwerf
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Palliative Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Helicopter Emergency Medical Service Lifeliner 3, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hijikata S, Miyamoto T, Yamaguchi T, Yamaguchi J, Iwai T, Watanabe K, Sagawa Y, Masuda R, Miyazaki R, Miwa N, Hara N, Nagata Y, Nozato T. Hemorrhagic shock due to branch injury of the left internal thoracic artery two days after pericardiocentesis. J Cardiol Cases 2018; 18:5-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jccase.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
42
|
Chetrit M, Lipes J, Mardigyan V. A Practical Approach to Pericardiocentesis With Periprocedural Use of Ultrasound Training Initiative. Can J Cardiol 2018; 34:1229-1232. [PMID: 30170678 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamponade is a life-threatening condition characterized by fluid accumulation in the pericardium, which compresses the cardiac chambers, impairs diastolic filling, and can lead to clinical shock. The diagnosis is a clinical one that is supported by echocardiographic findings. Pericardiocentesis is the definitive treatment for tamponade; however, it remains a challenge for trainees because of the infrequent exposure compared with other invasive procedures. Moreover, this technique, unlike others, can lead to serious complications including cardiac perforation and arrhythmia. There has been increased attention to periprocedural use of ultrasound in various techniques, particularly pericardiocentesis, given its ability to assess the pericardial effusion as well as the safety and feasibility of the procedure from various trajectories to minimize major and minor complications. As such, periprocedural use of ultrasound for pericardiocentesis has emerged as the preferred initial technique for pericardiocentesis. We outline a simple stepwise approach to prepare and perform pericardiocentesis, facilitated by periprocedural ultrasound, including practical tips from our centre's experiences. These include the proper assessment of the target area defined as the most pericardial fluid with the least interfering structures and troubleshooting the introduction of the needle into the pericardium. Absolute contraindications are few and often require surgery, but knowledge of them is mandatory when assessing patients for pericardiocentesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Chetrit
- Division of Cardiology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jed Lipes
- Division of Cardiology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Adult Critical Care, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Vartan Mardigyan
- Division of Cardiology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Špaček R, Jiravský O, Neuwirth R, Holek B, Škňouřil L, Hečko J, Branny M. Use of ultrasound guidance in vascular cannulation and effusion punctures at the cardiology department. COR ET VASA 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvasa.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
44
|
|
45
|
García-Izquierdo E, Jiménez-Blanco M, Marcos JO. Clearing up Some Doubts With Bubbles After Pericardiocentesis. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2017; 32:e10. [PMID: 28967620 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2017.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Jiménez-Blanco
- Cardiology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Ortega Marcos
- Cardiology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
CT-Guided Drainage of Pericardial Effusion after Open Cardiac Surgery. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2017; 40:1223-1228. [PMID: 28337701 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-017-1624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of CT-guided drainage of the pericardial effusion in patients after cardiac surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 128 consecutive patients (82 males, 46 females; mean age 66.6 years, SD: 4.2) complicated by pericardial effusion or hemopericardium after cardiac surgeries between June 2008 and June 2016. The medical indication for therapeutic pericardiocentesis in all patients was hemodynamic instability caused by pericardial effusion. The treatment criteria for intervention were evidence of pericardial tamponade with ejection fraction (EF) <50%. The preintervention ejection fraction was determined echocardiographically with value between 30 and 40%. Exclusion criteria for drainage were hemodynamically unstable patients or impaired coagulation profile (INR <1.8 or platelet count <75,000). Drains (8F-10F) were applied using Seldinger's technique under CT guidance. RESULTS Pericardiocentesis and placement of a percutaneous pericardial drain was technically successful in all patients. The mean volume of evacuated pericardial effusion was 260 ml (range 80-900 ml; standard deviation [SD]: ±70). Directly after pericardiocentesis, there was a significant improvement of the ejection fraction to 40-55% (mean: 45%; SD: ±5; p < 0.05). The mean percentage increase of the EF following pericardial effusion drainage was 10%. The drainage was applied anteriorly (preventricular) in 39 of 128 (30.5%), retroventricularly in 33 of 128 (25.8%), and infracardiac in 56 of 128 (43.8%). Recurrence rate of pericardial effusion after removal of drains was 4.7% (67/128). Complete drainage was achieved in retroventricular and infracardiac positioning of the catheter (p < 0.05) in comparison to the preventricular position of the catheter. Recorded complications included minimal asymptomatic pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum 2.3% (3/128) and sinus tachycardia 3.9% (5/128). CONCLUSION CT-guided drainage of postoperative pericardial effusion is a minimally invasive technique for the release of the tamponade effect of the effusion and improvement of cardiac output.
Collapse
|
47
|
Imazio M, Gaido L, Battaglia A, Gaita F. Contemporary management of pericardial effusion: practical aspects for clinical practice. Postgrad Med 2017; 129:178-186. [PMID: 28135875 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2017.1285676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A pericardial effusion (PE) is a relatively common finding in clinical practice. It may be either isolated or associated with pericarditis with or without an underlying disease. The aetiology is varied and may be either infectious (especially tuberculosis as the most common cause in developing countries) or non-infectious (cancer, systemic inflammatory diseases). The management is essentially guided by the hemodynamic effect (presence or absence of cardiac tamponade), the presence of concomitant pericarditis or underlying disease, and its size and duration. The present paper reviews the current knowledge on the aetiology, classification, diagnosis, management, therapy, and prognosis of PE in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Imazio
- a Department of Medical Sciences , University Cardiology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, and University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Luca Gaido
- a Department of Medical Sciences , University Cardiology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, and University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Alberto Battaglia
- a Department of Medical Sciences , University Cardiology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, and University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Gaita
- a Department of Medical Sciences , University Cardiology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, and University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Pérez-Casares A, Cesar S, Brunet-Garcia L, Sanchez-de-Toledo J. Echocardiographic Evaluation of Pericardial Effusion and Cardiac Tamponade. Front Pediatr 2017; 5:79. [PMID: 28484689 PMCID: PMC5401877 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2017.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericardial effusion (PEff) is defined by an increase in the physiological amount of fluid within the pericardial space. It can appear following different medical conditions, mainly related to inflammation and cardiac surgery. Cardiac tamponade is a critical condition that occurs after sudden and/or excessive accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space that restricts appropriate filling of the cardiac chambers disturbing normal hemodynamics and ultimately causing hypotension and cardiac arrest. It is, therefore, a life-threatening condition that must be diagnosed as soon as possible for correct treatment and management. Echocardiographic evaluation of PEff is paramount for timely and appropriate diagnosis and management. A structured echocardiographic approach including two-dimensional, M-mode, and Doppler echocardiographic evaluation assessing (i) quantity and quality of pericardial fluid, (ii) collapse of cardiac chambers, (iii) respiratory variation of the ventricular diameters, (iv) inferior vena cava collapsibility, and (v) flow patterns in atrioventricular valves should give the bedside clinician the necessary information to appropriately manage PEff. Here, we review these key echocardiographic signs that will ensure an appropriate assessment of a patient with PEff and/or cardiac tamponade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Pérez-Casares
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Cesar
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Brunet-Garcia
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Sanchez-de-Toledo
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Division of Cardiac Intensive Care, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ghods K, Razavi MR, Forozeshfard M. Performance, pain, and quality of life on use of central venous catheter for management of pericardial effusions in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. J Pain Res 2016; 9:887-892. [PMID: 27826210 PMCID: PMC5096756 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s116483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Different pericardial catheters have been suggested as an effective alternative method for drainage of pericardial effusion. The aim of this study was to determine the performance, pain, and quality of life on use of central venous catheter (CVC) for drainage of pericardial effusion in patients undergoing open heart surgery. Fifty-five patients who had developed pericardial effusion after an open heart surgery (2012-2015) were prospectively assessed. Triple-lumen central catheters were inserted under echocardiographic guidance. Clinical, procedural, complication, and outcome details were analyzed. Intensity of pain and quality of life of patients were assessed using the numerical rating scale and Short-Form Health Survey. CVC was inserted for 36 males and 19 females, all of whom had a mean age of 58.5±15 years, and the mean duration of the open heart surgery was 8±3.5 hours. The mean central venous pressure catheter life span was 14.6 days. No cases of recurrent effusion and complication were reported. The technical success rate of procedure was 100%. Intensity of pain and quality of life of patients had improved during follow-up. CVC insertion is a safe and effective technique for the management of pericardial effusion in patients after open heart surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Ghods
- Clinical Research Development Unit (CRDU), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kowsar Hospital
| | | | - Mohammad Forozeshfard
- Cancer Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|