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Sawanobori E, Shinohara R, Kobayashi A, Kanai H, Goto M, Otawa S, Horiuchi S, Kushima M, Yamagata Z, Inukai T. Mother-child correlation of kidney function: data from the Yamanashi Adjunct Study of Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS). Pediatr Nephrol 2024; 39:789-797. [PMID: 37695441 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-06131-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual variation in kidney function can be affected by both congenital and acquired factors, and kidney function in children is possibly correlated with that in their mothers. However, the mother-child correlation in kidney function remains directly unconfirmed. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 655 healthy pairs of 7- or 8-year-old children and their mothers as an adjunct study of a nationwide epidemiological study (Japan Environment and Children's Study). RESULTS Both serum creatinine level (all children, r = 0.324, p < 0.001; girls, r = 0.365, p < 0.001; boys, r = 0.278, p < 0.001) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (r = 0.274, p < 0.001; r = 0.352, p < 0.001; r = 0.195, p < 0.001, respectively) in children were weakly associated with their maternal values. In the single linear regression analyses, maternal values of serum creatinine and eGFR were significantly associated with the children's values. Moreover, several body composition values in children, such as weight-SDS, fat (%), and predicted muscle weight, were also significantly associated with kidney function values in children. In the multiple linear regression analysis for serum creatinine levels in children, in which weight-SDS and predicted muscle weight in children were selected as adjustment factors, maternal serum creatinine level showed a significant positive association (B = 0.214, p < 0.001 in the adjusted model). Moreover, in the multiple linear regression analysis for eGFR value in children, in which fat (%) and predicted muscle weight in children were selected as adjustment factors, maternal eGFR values showed a significant positive association (B = 0.319, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We directly confirmed mother-child correlations in both serum creatinine levels and eGFR values, particularly in girls. Graphical abstract A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Sawanobori
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-Shi, Yamanashi, Japan.
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Kofu National Hospital, 11-35 Tenjincho, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Ryoji Shinohara
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Anna Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-Shi, Yamanashi, Japan
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kanai
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-Shi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Miwa Goto
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-Shi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Sanae Otawa
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Sayaka Horiuchi
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Megumi Kushima
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Zentaro Yamagata
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110, Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inukai
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-Shi, Yamanashi, Japan
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A population-based approach to assess the heritability and distribution of renal handling of electrolytes. Kidney Int 2017; 92:1536-1543. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Thameem F, Voruganti VS, Blangero J, Comuzzie AG, Abboud HE. Evaluation of neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase 2 (NTRK2) as a positional candidate gene for variation in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in Mexican American participants of San Antonio Family Heart study. J Biomed Sci 2015; 22:23. [PMID: 25885044 PMCID: PMC4383052 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-015-0123-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a well-known measure of kidney function and is commonly used for the diagnosis and management of patients with chronic kidney disease. The inter-individual variation in eGFR has significant genetic component. However, the identification of underlying genetic susceptibility variants has been challenging. In an attempt to identify and characterize susceptibility genetic variant(s) we previously identified the strongest evidence for linkage of eGFR occurring on chromosome 9q21 in the Mexican American participants of San Antonio Family Heart Study (SAFHS). The objective of the present study was to examine whether the common genetic variants in Neurotrophic Tyrosine Receptor Kinase 2 (NTRK2), a positional candidate gene on 9q21, contribute to variation in eGFR. Results Twelve tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the NTRK2 gene region were selected (r2 ≥ 0.80, minor allele frequency of ≥ 0.05) from the Hapmap database. SNPs were genotyped by TaqMan assay in the 848 Mexican American subjects participated in the SAFHS. Association analysis between the genotypes and eGFR (estimated by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation) were performed by measured genotype approach as implemented in the program SOLAR. Of the 12 common genetic variants examined, the rs1036915 (located in 3′UTR) and rs1187274 (located in intron-14), present in perfect linkage disequilibrium, exhibited an association (P = 0.017) with eGFR after accounting for the effects of age, sex, diabetes, diabetes duration, systolic blood pressure and blood pressure medication. The carriers of minor allele of rs1036915 (G; 38%) had increased eGFR (104 ± 25 ml/min/1.73 m2) in comparison to the carriers of major allele A (98 ± 25 ml/min/1.73 m2). Conclusion Together, our results suggest for the first time that the genetic variants in NTRK2 may regulate eGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farook Thameem
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, 13110, Kuwait.
| | - V Saroja Voruganti
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA. .,UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA.
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA.
| | - Anthony G Comuzzie
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA.
| | - Hanna E Abboud
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA. .,South Texas Veterans Healthcare System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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Smyth LJ, Duffy S, Maxwell AP, McKnight AJ. Genetic and epigenetic factors influencing chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 307:F757-76. [PMID: 25080522 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00306.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a serious public health problem because of its associated morbidity, premature mortality, and attendant healthcare costs. The rising number of persons with CKD is linked with the aging population structure and an increased prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. There is an inherited risk associated with developing CKD, as evidenced by familial clustering and differing prevalence rates across ethnic groups. Previous studies to determine the inherited risk factors for CKD rarely identified genetic variants that were robustly replicated. However, improvements in genotyping technologies and analytic methods are now helping to identify promising genetic loci aided by international collaboration and multiconsortia efforts. More recently, epigenetic modifications have been proposed to play a role in both the inherited susceptibility to CKD and, importantly, to explain how the environment dynamically interacts with the genome to alter an individual's disease risk. Genome-wide, epigenome-wide, and whole transcriptome studies have been performed, and optimal approaches for integrative analysis are being developed. This review summarizes recent research and the current status of genetic and epigenetic risk factors influencing CKD using population-based information.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Smyth
- Nephrology Research, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - S Duffy
- Nephrology Research, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - A P Maxwell
- Nephrology Research, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - A J McKnight
- Nephrology Research, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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Thameem F, Igo RP, Freedman BI, Langefeld C, Hanson RL, Schelling JR, Elston RC, Duggirala R, Nicholas SB, Goddard KAB, Divers J, Guo X, Ipp E, Kimmel PL, Meoni LA, Shah VO, Smith MW, Winkler CA, Zager PG, Knowler WC, Nelson RG, Pahl MV, Parekh RS, Kao WHL, Rasooly RS, Adler SG, Abboud HE, Iyengar SK, Sedor JR. A genome-wide search for linkage of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the Family Investigation of Nephropathy and Diabetes (FIND). PLoS One 2013; 8:e81888. [PMID: 24358131 PMCID: PMC3866106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), a measure of kidney function, is heritable, suggesting that genes influence renal function. Genes that influence eGFR have been identified through genome-wide association studies. However, family-based linkage approaches may identify loci that explain a larger proportion of the heritability. This study used genome-wide linkage and association scans to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) that influence eGFR. Methods Genome-wide linkage and sparse association scans of eGFR were performed in families ascertained by probands with advanced diabetic nephropathy (DN) from the multi-ethnic Family Investigation of Nephropathy and Diabetes (FIND) study. This study included 954 African Americans (AA), 781 American Indians (AI), 614 European Americans (EA) and 1,611 Mexican Americans (MA). A total of 3,960 FIND participants were genotyped for 6,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using the Illumina Linkage IVb panel. GFR was estimated by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula. Results The non-parametric linkage analysis, accounting for the effects of diabetes duration and BMI, identified the strongest evidence for linkage of eGFR on chromosome 20q11 (log of the odds [LOD] = 3.34; P = 4.4×10−5) in MA and chromosome 15q12 (LOD = 2.84; P = 1.5×10−4) in EA. In all subjects, the strongest linkage signal for eGFR was detected on chromosome 10p12 (P = 5.5×10−4) at 44 cM near marker rs1339048. A subsequent association scan in both ancestry-specific groups and the entire population identified several SNPs significantly associated with eGFR across the genome. Conclusion The present study describes the localization of QTL influencing eGFR on 20q11 in MA, 15q21 in EA and 10p12 in the combined ethnic groups participating in the FIND study. Identification of causal genes/variants influencing eGFR, within these linkage and association loci, will open new avenues for functional analyses and development of novel diagnostic markers for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farook Thameem
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert P. Igo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Barry I. Freedman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Carl Langefeld
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Robert L. Hanson
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey R. Schelling
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Robert C. Elston
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ravindranath Duggirala
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Susanne B. Nicholas
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Katrina A. B. Goddard
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jasmin Divers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - Eli Ipp
- Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - Paul L. Kimmel
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lucy A. Meoni
- Department of Epidemiology and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vallabh O. Shah
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Michael W. Smith
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Cheryl A. Winkler
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Philip G. Zager
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - William C. Knowler
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Robert G. Nelson
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Madeline V. Pahl
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Rulan S. Parekh
- Department of Epidemiology and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - W. H. Linda Kao
- Department of Epidemiology and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rebekah S. Rasooly
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sharon G. Adler
- Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - Hanna E. Abboud
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sudha K. Iyengar
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - John R. Sedor
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
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Thameem F, Puppala S, Schneider J, Bhandari B, Arya R, Arar NH, Vasylyeva TL, Farook VS, Fowler S, Almasy L, Blangero J, Duggirala R, Abboud HE. The Gly(972)Arg variant of human IRS1 gene is associated with variation in glomerular filtration rate likely through impaired insulin receptor signaling. Diabetes 2012; 61:2385-93. [PMID: 22617042 PMCID: PMC3425400 DOI: 10.2337/db11-1078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to identify and characterize the genetic variants related to the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) linkage on 2q37. Of the positional candidate genes, we selected IRS1 and resequenced its 2-kb promoter region and exons for sequence variants in 32 subjects. A total of 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. To comprehensively cover the 59-kb-long intron-1, eight additional tagging SNPs were selected from the HapMap. All the 19 SNPs were genotyped by TaqMan Assay in the entire data set (N = 670; 39 families). Association analyses between the SNPs and GFR and type 2 diabetes-related traits were performed using the measured genotype approach. Of the SNPs examined for association, only the Gly(972)Arg variant of IRS1 exhibited a significant association with GFR (P = 0.0006) and serum triglycerides levels (P = 0.003), after accounting for trait-specific covariate effects. Carriers of Arg972 had significantly decreased GFR values. Gly(972)Arg contributed to 26% of the linkage signal on 2q. Expression of IRS1 mutant Arg972 in human mesangial cells significantly reduced the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IRS1 and Akt kinase. Taken together, the data provide the first evidence that genetic variation in IRS1 may influence variation in GFR probably through impaired insulin receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farook Thameem
- Division of Nephrology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
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Abstract
Familial risk in hypertensive renal disease has stimulated a search for genetic variation contributing to this risk. The current phase of population genetic studies has sought to associate genetic variation with disease in large populations by testing genotypes at a large number of common genetic variations in the genome, expecting that common genetic variants contributing to renal disease risk will be identified. These genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been productive and are a clear technical success. It is also clear that narrowly defined loci and genes containing variation contributing to disease risk have been identified. Further extension and refinement of these GWAS are likely to extend this success. However, it is also clear that few if any variants with substantial effects accounting for the greatest part of heritability will be uncovered by GWAS. This raises an interesting biological question regarding where the remaining heritable risk may be located. One result of the progress of GWAS is likely to be a renewed interest in mechanisms by which related individuals can share and transmit traits independently of Mendelian inheritance. This paper reviews current progress in this area and considers other mechanisms by which familial aggregation of risk for renal disease may arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Braun
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Böger CA, Heid IM. Chronic kidney disease: novel insights from genome-wide association studies. Kidney Blood Press Res 2011; 34:225-34. [PMID: 21691125 DOI: 10.1159/000326901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common, affecting about 10% of the general population, and causing significant morbidity and mortality. Apart from the risk conferred by traditional cardiovascular risk factors, there is a strong genetic component. The method of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) is a powerful hypothesis-free approach to unravel this component by association analyses of CKD with several million genetic variants distributed across the genome. Since the publication of the first GWAS in 2005, this method has led to the discovery of novel loci for numerous human common diseases and phenotypes. Here, we review the recent successes of meta-analyses of GWAS on renal phenotypes. UMOD, SHROOM3, STC1, LASS2, GCKR, ALMS1, TFDP2, DAB2, SLC34A1, VEGFA, PRKAG2, PIP5K1B, ATXN2/SH2B3, DACH1, UBE2Q2, and SLC7A9 were uncovered as loci associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and CKD, and CUBN as a locus for albuminuria in cross-sectional data of general population studies. However, less than 1.5% of the total variance of eGFR and albuminuria is explained by the identified variants, and the relative risk for CKD is modified by at most 20% per locus. In African Americans, much of the risk for end-stage nondiabetic kidney disease is explained by common variants in the MYH9/APOL1 locus, and in individuals of European descent, variants in HLA-DQA1 and PLA(2)R1 implicate most of the risk for idiopathic membranous nephropathy. In contrast, genetic findings in the analysis of diabetic nephropathy are inconsistent. Uncovering variants explaining more of the genetically determined variability of kidney function is hampered by the multifactorial nature of CKD and different mechanisms involved in progressive CKD stages, and by the challenges in elucidating the role of low-frequency variants. Meta-analyses with larger sample sizes and analyses of longitudinal renal phenotypes using higher-resolution genotyping data are required to uncover novel loci associated with severe renal phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten A Böger
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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Rao M, Mottl AK, Cole SA, Umans JG, Freedman BI, Bowden DW, Langefeld CD, Fox CS, Yang Q, Cupples A, Iyengar SK, Hunt SC, Trikalinos TA. Meta-analysis of genome-wide linkage scans for renal function traits. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 27:647-56. [PMID: 21622988 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several genome scans have explored the linkage of chronic kidney disease phenotypes to chromosomic regions with disparate results. Genome scan meta-analysis (GSMA) is a quantitative method to synthesize linkage results from independent studies and assess their concordance. METHODS We searched PubMed to identify genome linkage analyses of renal function traits in humans, such as estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR), albuminuria, serum creatinine concentration and creatinine clearance. We contacted authors for numerical data and extracted information from individual studies. We applied the GSMA nonparametric approach to combine results across 14 linkage studies for GFR, 11 linkage studies for albumin creatinine ratio, 11 linkage studies for serum creatinine and 4 linkage studies for creatinine clearance. RESULTS No chromosomal region reached genome-wide statistical significance in the main analysis which included all scans under each phenotype; however, regions on Chromosomes 7, 10 and 16 reached suggestive significance for linkage to two or more phenotypes. Subgroup analyses by disease status or ethnicity did not yield additional information. CONCLUSIONS While heterogeneity across populations, methodologies and study designs likely explain this lack of agreement, it is possible that linkage scan methodologies lack the resolution for investigating complex traits. Combining family-based linkage studies with genome-wide association studies may be a powerful approach to detect private mutations contributing to complex renal phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumathi Rao
- Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Nitsch D, Sandling JK, Byberg L, Larsson A, Tuvemo T, Syvänen AC, Koupil I, Leon DA. Fetal, developmental, and parental influences on cystatin C in childhood: the Uppsala Family Study. Am J Kidney Dis 2011; 57:863-72. [PMID: 21420772 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2010.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim was to identify determinants (biomedical and social characteristics of children and their parents) of cystatin C levels in healthy children drawn from a population sample. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS 425 pairs of consecutive full siblings born 1987-1995 in Uppsala were identified using the Swedish Medical Birth Registry and invited with their parents for examination in 2000-2001. OUTCOME Serum cystatin C level was log-transformed and analyzed using random-effects models. MEASUREMENTS The examination in parents and children consisted of a nonfasting blood sample, anthropometry, and questionnaires about lifestyle and socioeconomic position. Tanner stage was used for assessment of pubertal status. RESULTS In age-, height-, and body mass index-adjusted analyses, cystatin C level increased by 2.6% (95% CI, 0.3%-4.8%) higher in Tanner stage 2 vs 1 girls, and 1.6% (95%CI, 0.2%-3.1%) lower in boys than girls. For every 10% increase in maternal cystatin C level, offspring cystatin C level increased by 3.0% (95% CI, 2.2%-3.8%); the equivalent effect for paternal cystatin C level was 2.1% (95% CI, 1.3%-2.9%). Lower maternal education was associated with a 2.4% (95% CI, 0.3%-4.6%) higher cystatin C level in their offspring. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional study design, missing cystatin C values for subset of parents, lack of urinary measurements, no gold-standard measurement of glomerular filtration rate. CONCLUSIONS There are intergenerational associations of cystatin C level in families in line with previous reports of heritability of kidney disease. Lower maternal education is associated with higher cystatin C levels in their children. Further studies of healthy children are needed to explore the biological mechanisms for these findings. If cystatin C is measured, these studies will need to record pubertal stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Nitsch
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK.
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Agrawal S, Agarwal S, Naik S. Genetic contribution and associated pathophysiology in end-stage renal disease. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2010; 3:65-84. [PMID: 23776353 PMCID: PMC3681165 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s7330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) or chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the terminal state of the kidney when its function has been permanently and irreversibly damaged. A wide variety of etiologies and pathological processes culminate in ESRD, and both environmental and genetic factors contribute to its development and progression. Various reports suggest that susceptibility to develop ESRD has a significant genetic component. These studies include familial aggregation studies, comparisons of incidence rates between different racial or ethnic populations, and segregation analysis. Genetic approaches have been used to identify genes that contribute to genetic susceptibility. Many studies have now been carried out assessing the contribution of specific “candidate genes”, which correlate with different functions that are involved in the renal pathogenesis. Independent studies for specific associated genes have frequently provided contradictory results. This may be due, in part, to the modest contribution to genetic susceptibility which these genes impart. With the availability of different genomewide association studies, chromosomal regions harboring novel, previously unrecognized, genes that may contribute to renal diseases have been recently reported. We have focused on different genetic studies conducted on ESRD and have discussed the strength and weaknesses of these studies. The nonmuscle myosin heavy chain 9 gene (MYH9) and renin–angiotensin system (RAS) have been discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraksha Agrawal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Abstract
Recent breakthroughs in genomics have led to a critical reappraisal of factors once thought to initiate common complex forms of kidney disease. The tenet that diabetes mellitus and hypertension routinely initiate kidney disease whenever blood glucose concentrations or systemic blood pressures reach critical levels for prolonged periods is falling from favor, although it remains important to control hypertension and hyperglycemia to slow nephropathy progression and to prevent cardiovascular disease. Many patients with systemic diseases that potentially may involve their kidneys never develop nephropathy. In addition, severe forms of several common kidney diseases cluster tightly in families. This article discusses the existence of differential nephropathy susceptibility based on an individual's genetic make-up, in the context of environmental exposures. Novel genetic analysis methods and recently identified major kidney disease susceptibility genes are discussed, including novel perspectives for categorizing complex forms of nephropathy based on the expanding spectrum of non-muscle myosin heavy chain 9 gene-associated disease. Genetic screening, gene-environment, and gene-gene interactions are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry I Freedman
- Section on Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1053, USA.
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Pattaro C, De Grandi A, Vitart V, Hayward C, Franke A, Aulchenko YS, Johansson A, Wild SH, Melville SA, Isaacs A, Polasek O, Ellinghaus D, Kolcic I, Nöthlings U, Zgaga L, Zemunik T, Gnewuch C, Schreiber S, Campbell S, Hastie N, Boban M, Meitinger T, Oostra BA, Riegler P, Minelli C, Wright AF, Campbell H, van Duijn CM, Gyllensten U, Wilson JF, Krawczak M, Rudan I, Pramstaller PP. A meta-analysis of genome-wide data from five European isolates reveals an association of COL22A1, SYT1, and GABRR2 with serum creatinine level. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2010; 11:41. [PMID: 20222955 PMCID: PMC2848223 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-11-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum creatinine (S CR) is the most important biomarker for a quick and non-invasive assessment of kidney function in population-based surveys. A substantial proportion of the inter-individual variability in S CR level is explicable by genetic factors. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of S CR undertaken in five population isolates ('discovery cohorts'), all of which are part of the European Special Population Network (EUROSPAN) project. Genes showing the strongest evidence for an association with SCR (candidate loci) were replicated in two additional population-based samples ('replication cohorts'). RESULTS After the discovery meta-analysis, 29 loci were selected for replication. Association between SCR level and polymorphisms in the collagen type XXII alpha 1 (COL22A1) gene, on chromosome 8, and in the synaptotagmin-1 (SYT1) gene, on chromosome 12, were successfully replicated in the replication cohorts (p value = 1.0 x 10(-6) and 1.7 x 10(-4), respectively). Evidence of association was also found for polymorphisms in a locus including the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor rho-2 (GABRR2) gene and the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2-J1 (UBE2J1) gene (replication p value = 3.6 x 10(-3)). Previously reported findings, associating glomerular filtration rate with SNPs in the uromodulin (UMOD) gene and in the schroom family member 3 (SCHROOM3) gene were also replicated. CONCLUSIONS While confirming earlier results, our study provides new insights in the understanding of the genetic basis of serum creatinine regulatory processes. In particular, the association with the genes SYT1 and GABRR2 corroborate previous findings that highlighted a possible role of the neurotransmitters GABAA receptors in the regulation of the glomerular basement membrane and a possible interaction between GABAA receptors and synaptotagmin-I at the podocyte level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Pattaro
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy - Affiliated Institute of the University Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alessandro De Grandi
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy - Affiliated Institute of the University Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Yurii S Aulchenko
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Departments of Epidemiology and Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Asa Johansson
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sarah H Wild
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Scott A Melville
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy - Affiliated Institute of the University Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Departments of Epidemiology and Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Andrija Stampar School of Public Health, University of Zagreb Medical School, Rockefellerova 4, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Gen-info Ltd, Ruzmarinka 17, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - David Ellinghaus
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ivana Kolcic
- Andrija Stampar School of Public Health, University of Zagreb Medical School, Rockefellerova 4, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Popgen biobank, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Lina Zgaga
- Andrija Stampar School of Public Health, University of Zagreb Medical School, Rockefellerova 4, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatijana Zemunik
- Croatian Centre for Global Health, University of Split Medical School, Soltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Carsten Gnewuch
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Medical Center, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Susan Campbell
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nick Hastie
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mladen Boban
- Croatian Centre for Global Health, University of Split Medical School, Soltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstr 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ben A Oostra
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Departments of Epidemiology and Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Riegler
- Hemodialysis Unit, Hospital of Merano, Merano, Italy
| | - Cosetta Minelli
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy - Affiliated Institute of the University Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alan F Wright
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Departments of Epidemiology and Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ulf Gyllensten
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Michael Krawczak
- Popgen biobank, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
- Gen-info Ltd, Ruzmarinka 17, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Centre for Global Health, University of Split Medical School, Soltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy - Affiliated Institute of the University Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
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15
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McKnight AJ, Currie D, Maxwell AP. Unravelling the genetic basis of renal diseases; from single gene to multifactorial disorders. J Pathol 2010; 220:198-216. [PMID: 19882676 DOI: 10.1002/path.2639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is common with up to 5% of the adult population reported to have an estimated glomerular filtration rate of < 60 ml/min/1.73 m(2). A large number of pathogenic mutations have been identified that are responsible for 'single gene' renal disorders, such as autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and X-linked Alport syndrome. These single gene disorders account for < 15% of the burden of end-stage renal disease that requires dialysis or kidney transplantation. It has proved more difficult to identify the genetic susceptibility underlying common, complex, multifactorial kidney conditions, such as diabetic nephropathy and hypertensive nephrosclerosis. This review describes success to date and explores strategies currently employed in defining the genetic basis for a number of renal disorders. The complementary use of linkage studies, candidate gene and genome-wide association analyses are described and a collation of renal genetic resources highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J McKnight
- Nephrology Research Group, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AB, Northern Ireland, UK
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16
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Wheeler HE, Metter EJ, Tanaka T, Absher D, Higgins J, Zahn JM, Wilhelmy J, Davis RW, Singleton A, Myers RM, Ferrucci L, Kim SK. Sequential use of transcriptional profiling, expression quantitative trait mapping, and gene association implicates MMP20 in human kidney aging. PLoS Genet 2009; 5:e1000685. [PMID: 19834535 PMCID: PMC2752811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 09/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidneys age at different rates, such that some people show little or no effects of aging whereas others show rapid functional decline. We sequentially used transcriptional profiling and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping to narrow down which genes to test for association with kidney aging. We first performed whole-genome transcriptional profiling to find 630 genes that change expression with age in the kidney. Using two methods to detect eQTLs, we found 101 of these age-regulated genes contain expression-associated SNPs. We tested the eQTLs for association with kidney aging, measured by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using combined data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) and the InCHIANTI study. We found a SNP association (rs1711437 in MMP20) with kidney aging (uncorrected p = 3.6×10−5, empirical p = 0.01) that explains 1%–2% of the variance in GFR among individuals. The results of this sequential analysis may provide the first evidence for a gene association with kidney aging in humans. Although family studies have shown that genes play a role in longevity, it has proven difficult to identify the specific genetic variants involved. We developed a sequential transcriptional profiling and eQTL mapping approach to find genes associated with aging in the kidney. First, we used genome-wide transcriptional profiling to determine which genes change expression with age in kidney tissue. Next, we used two methods to determine which of these age-regulated genes contain SNPs that associate with expression level. The allele-specific expression method, which compares the mRNA levels of the two alleles within heterozygous individuals, was more sensitive than the total expression method. We tested the eQTLs for association with kidney aging in two populations. One gene that encodes an extracellular matrix protein, MMP20, significantly associated with kidney aging, providing the first gene association with kidney aging. Our approach of combining both expression and genotype data can be applied to any phenotype of interest to increase the power to find genetic associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E. Wheeler
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - E. Jeffrey Metter
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Medstar Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Medstar Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Devin Absher
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, United States of America
| | - John Higgins
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Jacob M. Zahn
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Julie Wilhelmy
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Ronald W. Davis
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard M. Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Medstar Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stuart K. Kim
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Jowett JB, Diego VP, Kotea N, Kowlessur S, Chitson P, Dyer TD, Zimmet P, Blangero J. Genetic influences on type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome related quantitative traits in Mauritius. Twin Res Hum Genet 2009; 12:44-52. [PMID: 19210179 DOI: 10.1375/twin.12.1.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies report a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome in the island nation of Mauritius. The Mauritius Family Study was initiated to examine heritable factors that contribute to these high rates of prevalence and consists of 400 individuals in 24 large extended multigenerational pedigrees. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements relating to the metabolic syndrome were undertaken in addition to family and lifestyle based information for each individual. Variance components methods were used to determine the heritability of the type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome related quantitative traits. The cohort was made up of 218 females (55%) and 182 males with 22% diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and a further 30% having impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose. Notably BMI was not significantly increased in those with type 2 diabetes (P= .12), however a significant increase in waist circumference was observed in these groups (P= .02). The heritable proportion of trait variance was substantial and greater than values previously published for hip circumference, LDL and total cholesterol, diastolic and systolic blood pressure and serum creatinine. Height, weight and BMI heritabilities were all in the upper range of those previously reported. The phenotypic characteristics of the Mauritius family cohort are similar to those previously reported in the Mauritian population with a high observed prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes. A high heritability for key type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome related phenotypes (range 0.23 to 0.68), suggest the cohort will have utility in identifying genes that influence these quantitative traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy B Jowett
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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18
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Genome-wide linkage analysis of serum creatinine in three isolated European populations. Kidney Int 2009; 76:297-306. [DOI: 10.1038/ki.2009.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Mottl AK, Vupputuri S, Cole SA, Almasy L, Göring HHH, Diego VP, Laston S, Shara N, Lee ET, Best LG, Fabsitz RR, MacCluer JW, Umans JG, North KE. Linkage analysis of albuminuria. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 20:1597-606. [PMID: 19369405 PMCID: PMC2709673 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2008080895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2008] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
American Indians have a higher prevalence of albuminuria than the general population, likely resulting from a combination of environmental and genetic risk factors. To localize gene regions influencing variation in urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, we performed a linkage analysis and explored gene-by-diabetes, -hypertension, and -obesity interactions in a large cohort of American Indian families. We recruited >3600 individuals from 13 American Indian tribes from three centers (Arizona, North and South Dakota, and Oklahoma). We performed multipoint variance component linkage analysis in each center as well as in the entire cohort after controlling for center effects. We used two modeling strategies: Model 1 incorporated age, gender, and interaction terms; model 2 also controlled for diabetes, BP, body mass index, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, and smoking status. We evaluated interactions with diabetes, hypertension, and obesity using additive, interaction-specific linkage and stratified analyses. Loci suggestive for linkage to urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio included 1q, 6p, 9q, 18q, and 20p. Gene-by-diabetes interaction was present with a quantitative trait locus specific to the diabetic stratum in the Dakotas isolated on 18q21.2 to 21.3 using model 1 (logarithm of odds = 3.3). Gene-by-hypertension interaction was present with quantitative trait loci specific to the hypertensive stratum in the Dakotas on 7q21.11 using model 1 (logarithm of odds = 3.4) and 10q25.1 using model 2 (logarithm of odds = 3.3). These loci replicate findings from multiple other genome scans of kidney disease phenotypes with distinct populations and are worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K Mottl
- UNC Kidney Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7155, USA.
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20
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the determinants of kidney function and the role of heritable factors in a sample of 249 siblings free from known cardiovascular disease and without antihypertensive drugs belonging to 110 families. Four different measures and estimates of kidney function were considered. Blood pressure was recorded during 24 h by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Heritability was estimated with and without adjustment for significant covariates.In multivariate analysis, in addition to age, sex, BMI, HDL-cholesterol, 24-h systolic and mean blood pressure, systolic nocturnal blood pressure dipping resulted independently related to serum creatinine, estimated Cockcroft-Gault-creatinine clearance and estimated by the modification of diet in renal disease-glomerular filtration rate. After full adjustment, the heritability values were 51% for the measured creatinine clearance (P < 0.01), 58% for the estimated Cockcroft-Gault-creatinine clearance (P < 0.001), 40% for the estimated by the modification of diet in renal disease-glomerular filtration rate (P < 0.001), but 8% (P = 0.34) for serum creatinine.Our data confirm that kidney function is partially under genetic control and that genetic variants of importance for this trait could be mapped. The association of the circadian rhythm of blood pressure with kidney function in this sample deserves further investigation.
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21
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Quantitative genetics of renal function: tackling complexities of the eGFR phenotype in gene mapping studies. Kidney Int 2008; 74:1109-12. [DOI: 10.1038/ki.2008.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Kao WHL, Klag MJ, Meoni LA, Reich D, Berthier-Schaad Y, Li M, Coresh J, Patterson N, Tandon A, Powe NR, Fink NE, Sadler JH, Weir MR, Abboud HE, Adler SG, Divers J, Iyengar SK, Freedman BI, Kimmel PL, Knowler WC, Kohn OF, Kramp K, Leehey DJ, Nicholas SB, Pahl MV, Schelling JR, Sedor JR, Thornley-Brown D, Winkler CA, Smith MW, Parekh RS. MYH9 is associated with nondiabetic end-stage renal disease in African Americans. Nat Genet 2008; 40:1185-92. [PMID: 18794854 DOI: 10.1038/ng.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 488] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Accepted: 07/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has a four times higher incidence in African Americans compared to European Americans, we hypothesized that susceptibility alleles for ESRD have a higher frequency in the West African than the European gene pool. We carried out a genome-wide admixture scan in 1,372 ESRD cases and 806 controls and found a highly significant association between excess African ancestry and nondiabetic ESRD (lod score = 5.70) but not diabetic ESRD (lod = 0.47) on chromosome 22q12. Each copy of the European ancestral allele conferred a relative risk of 0.50 (95% CI = 0.39-0.63) compared to African ancestry. Multiple common SNPs (allele frequencies ranging from 0.2 to 0.6) in the gene encoding nonmuscle myosin heavy chain type II isoform A (MYH9) were associated with two to four times greater risk of nondiabetic ESRD and accounted for a large proportion of the excess risk of ESRD observed in African compared to European Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Linda Kao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine and Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
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23
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Buraczynska M. Genetic predictors of renal failure. EXPERT OPINION ON MEDICAL DIAGNOSTICS 2008; 2:651-664. [PMID: 23495776 DOI: 10.1517/17530059.2.6.651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both environmental and genetic factors contribute to the development and progression of chronic kidney disease. The completion of the human genome sequence and advances in genomic technology make possible identification of gene variants associated with renal failure. OBJECTIVE This review discusses the relevant genetic studies in chronic kidney disease, with particular emphasis on the most common causes of end stage renal failure, diabetic nephropathy and glomerulonephritis. METHODS Most of the studies presented were performed in recent years and employed association studies, both population-based and with candidate genes, as well as the genome-wide association and genome-wide scan approaches. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Increasing evidence supports an important role of genetic susceptibility in the development and progression of renal failure. Identification of disease genes will allow the identification of patients at high risk and the development of new strategies to prevent or delay the renal disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Buraczynska
- Professor of Medical Sciences Medical University of Lublin, Laboratory for DNA Analysis and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Nephrology, Dr K Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland +48 81 7244 716 ; +48 81 7244 716 ;
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Arar NH, Voruganti VS, Nath SD, Thameem F, Bauer R, Cole SA, Blangero J, MacCluer JW, Comuzzie AG, Abboud HE. A genome-wide search for linkage to chronic kidney disease in a community-based sample: the SAFHS. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008; 23:3184-91. [PMID: 18443212 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfn215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) phenotypes such as albuminuria measured by urinary albumin creatinine ratio (ACR), elevated serum creatinine (SrCr) and/or decreased creatinine clearance (CrCl) and glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are major risk factors for renal and cardiovascular diseases. Epidemiological studies have reported that CKD phenotypes cluster in families suggesting a genetic predisposition. However, studies reporting chromosomal regions influencing CKD are very limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify susceptible chromosomal regions for CKD phenotypes in Mexican American families enrolled in the San Antonio Family Heart Study (SAFHS). METHODS We used the variance components decomposition approach (implemented in the software package SOLAR) to perform linkage analysis on 848 participants from 26 families. A total of 417 microsatellite markers were genotyped at an average interval of 10 cM spanning 22 autosomal chromosomes. RESULTS All phenotypes were measured by standard procedures. Mean +/- SD values of ACR, SrCr, CrCl and eGFR were 0.06 +/- 0.38, 0.85 +/- 0.72 mg/dl, 129.85 +/- 50.37 ml/min and 99.18 +/- 25.69 ml/min/1.73 m(2) body surface area, respectively. All four CKD phenotypes exhibited significant heritabilities (P < 0.0001). A genome-wide scan showed linkage on chromosome 2p25 for SrCr, CrCl and eGFR. Significant linkage was also detected on chromosome 9q21 for eGFR [logarithm of the odds (LOD) score = 3.87, P = 0.00005] and SrCr (LOD score = 2.6, P = 0.00026). ACR revealed suggestive evidence for linkage to a region on chromosome 20q12 (LOD score = 2.93, P = 0.00020). CONCLUSION Findings indicate that chromosomal regions 2p25, 9q21 and 20q12 may have functional relevance to CKD phenotypes in Mexican Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedal H Arar
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, University of Texas Health Science Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, 7400 Merton Minter Blvd, San Antonio, TX 78229-4404, USA.
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25
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Genetic influences in the variation in renal clearance of nicotine and cotinine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2008; 84:243-7. [PMID: 18388871 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2008.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine and its proximate metabolite cotinine are eliminated in part by renal clearance. These compounds are filtered, secreted, and reabsorbed, and the resultant renal clearances are quite variable among individuals and are highly influenced by urine pH. In this study of 139 pairs of twins, we have estimated the genetic and environmental contributions to total renal clearance and net secretory/reabsorptive clearance of nicotine and cotinine. At uncontrolled urine pH both nicotine and cotinine undergo net reabsorption. Additive genetic factors were not important contributors to the variation in total renal clearance of nicotine but played a relatively more substantial role in accounting for the variation in total renal clearance of cotinine (43% of variance). Variations in glomerular filtration rate and the net secretory/reabsorptive clearance of nicotine and cotinine were largely influenced by nonadditive genetic influences (41.5-61% of variance). Earlier research has shown that renal secretory clearance of drugs can be highly heritable, presumably related to genetic variation in transporters. Our study suggests that the renal clearance of drugs that undergo extensive renal reabsorption can be substantially influenced by nonadditive genetic and/or shared environmental factors.
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Xing C, Sivakumaran TA, Wang JJ, Rochtchina E, Joshi T, Smith W, Mitchell P, Iyengar SK. Complement factor H polymorphisms, renal phenotypes and age-related macular degeneration: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Genes Immun 2008; 9:231-9. [PMID: 18340363 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2008.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Complement factor H (CFH) is a key regulator of the alternative pathway of complement and its mutations have been associated with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), suggesting that alternative pathway dysregulation is a common pathogenetic feature of these ocular and renal conditions. In this study we tested the hypothesis that common CFH variants have a global role in renal function in the Australian population-based Blue Mountains Eye Study (BMES). We replicated the association of I62V with estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR; P=0.017) and creatinine clearance (CRCL; P=0.015). The minor allele of I62V (G) was deleterious: adding one copy of the G allele decreased GFR/CRCL by approximately 0.98 ml min(-1) per 1.73 m(2) (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.97, 0.99). We also replicated the association of Y402H with AMD and provided an unbiased estimate of population attributable risk (PAR). The minor allele of Y402H (C) was deleterious: the odds ratio estimate of CC genotype compared to TT was 1.87 (95% CI: 1.44, 2.45). The PAR of the C allele was estimated as 0.22 (95% CI: 0.15, 0.28). In summary, in the BMES population we confirmed the association between I62V and renal function, as measured by the estimated GFR, plus the association of Y402H with both early- and late-stage AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Xing
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Schelling JR, Abboud HE, Nicholas SB, Pahl MV, Sedor JR, Adler SG, Arar NH, Bowden DW, Elston RC, Freedman BI, Goddard KAB, Guo X, Hanson RL, Ipp E, Iyengar SK, Jun G, Kao WHL, Kasinath BS, Kimmel PL, Klag MJ, Knowler WC, Nelson RG, Parekh RS, Quade SR, Rich SS, Saad MF, Scavini M, Smith MW, Taylor K, Winkler CA, Zager PG, Shah VO. Genome-wide scan for estimated glomerular filtration rate in multi-ethnic diabetic populations: the Family Investigation of Nephropathy and Diabetes (FIND). Diabetes 2008; 57:235-43. [PMID: 18003762 DOI: 10.2337/db07-0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic nephropathy, the most common cause of end-stage renal disease, aggregates in families and specific ethnic groups. Deconstructing diabetic nephropathy into intermediate, quantitative phenotypes may increase feasibility of detecting susceptibility loci by genetic screens. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which characterizes diabetic nephropathy, was employed as a quantitative trait in a preliminary whole-genome scan. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Estimated GFR (eGFR) was calculated for 882 diabetic sibpairs (mean age 57 years) of African-American (25.6% of total), American Indian (8.6%), European-American (14.2%), and Mexican-American (51.6%) descent enrolled in the initial phase of the Family Investigation of Nephropathy and Diabetes (FIND). A whole-genome scan was performed using 404 microsatellite markers (average spacing 9 cM) and model-free linkage analysis. RESULTS For all ethnicities combined, strong evidence for linkage was observed on chromosomes 1q43 (P = 3.6 x 10(-3)), 7q36.1 (P = 2.1 x 10(-4)), 8q13.3 (P = 4.6 x 10(-4)), and 18q23.3 (P = 2.7 x 10(-3)). Mexican-American families, who comprised the major ethnic subpopulation in FIND, contributed to linkage on chromosomes 1q43, 2p13.3, 7q36.1, 8q13.3, and 18q23.3, whereas African-American and American-Indian families displayed linkage peaks on chromosomes 11p15.1 and 15q22.3, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated multiple chromosomal regions linked to eGFR in a multi-ethnic collection of families ascertained by a proband with diabetic nephropathy. Identification of genetic variants within these loci that are responsible for the linkage signals could lead to predictive tests or novel therapies for subsets of patients at risk for diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Schelling
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Wolstein Research Building, Rm. 1300, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106-7281, USA
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Puppala S, Arya R, Thameem F, Arar NH, Bhandari K, Lehman DM, Schneider J, Fowler S, Farook VS, Diego VP, Almasy L, Blangero J, Stern MP, Duggirala R, Abboud HE. Genotype by diabetes interaction effects on the detection of linkage of glomerular filtration rate to a region on chromosome 2q in Mexican Americans. Diabetes 2007; 56:2818-28. [PMID: 17698600 DOI: 10.2337/db06-0984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is used to assess the progression of renal disease. We performed linkage analysis to localize genes that influence GFR using estimated GFR data from the San Antonio Family Diabetes/Gallbladder Study. We also examined the effect of genotype by diabetes interaction (G x DM) on the detection of linkage to address whether genetic effects on GFR differ in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS GFR (N = 453) was estimated using the recently recalculated Cockcroft-Gault (GFR-CGc) and the simplified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (GFR-4VMDRD) formulae. Both estimates of GFR exhibited significant heritabilities, but only GFR-CGc showed significant G x DM interaction. We therefore performed multipoint linkage analyses on both GFR measures using models that did not include G x DM interaction effects (Model 1) and that included G x DM interaction effects (Model 2, in the case of GFR-CGc). RESULTS The strongest evidence for linkage (Model 1) of both GFR-CGc (logarithm of odds [LOD] 2.9) and GFR-4VMDRD (LOD 2.6) occurred between markers D9S922 and D9S1120 on chromosome 9q. However, using Model 2, the strongest evidence for linkage of GFR-CGc on chromosome 2q was found near marker D2S427 (corrected LOD score [LOD(C)] 3.3) compared with the LOD score of 2.7 based on Model 1. Potential linkages (LOD or LOD(C) >or=1.2) were found only for GFR-CGc on chromosomes 3p, 3q, 4p, 8q, 11q, and 14q. CONCLUSIONS We found a major locus on chromosome 2q that differentially influences GFR in diabetic and nondiabetic environments in the Mexican-American population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobha Puppala
- Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, Department of Genetics, P.O. Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78254, USA.
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Chen YC, Guo X, Raffel LJ, Xiang AH, Fang B, Hsueh WA, Taylor KD, Buchanan TA, Hodis HN, Rotter JI. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) cosegregates with blood pressure and renal function in hypertensive Hispanic families. Atherosclerosis 2007; 198:160-5. [PMID: 18028933 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2007] [Revised: 07/18/2007] [Accepted: 09/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is commonly used as a surrogate for atherosclerosis. Since cIMT is correlated with hypertension and microalbuminuria, we tested the hypothesis that there is a genetic basis for the observed relationship between cIMT, blood pressure (BP), and renal function within high risk families. METHODS Six hundred and three nondiabetic individuals from 149 Hispanic American families (HA) were ascertained via a hypertensive parent. Phenotyping included cIMT, BP, anthropometrics, and renal function, which was assessed by urine microalbumin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Cr), and Cr clearance (Ccr). A variance components approach was used to estimate trait heritabilities and decompositions of their phenotypic correlations. RESULTS Significant heritabilities (P<0.0001 for each) were found for cIMT, body mass index, BP, and the renal function traits. There were significant phenotypic correlations within family members, with positive correlations between cIMT and systolic BP (SBP), and urine microalbumin and Ccr, and negative correlations among cIMT, BUN, and Cr; these remained significant after correction for BP, but not after correction for urine microalbumin. Partitioned into genetic and environmental correlations, genetic correlations were significant between cIMT and each of SBP, urine microalbumin, Ccr, BUN, and Cr, respectively, while there were significant environmental correlations between cIMT and each of BUN, Cr, and Ccr. The genetic and environmental correlations were unchanged when adjusted for BP, but were no longer significant when adjusted for urine microalbumin. CONCLUSIONS There is substantial genetic contribution to SBP, renal function, and cIMT in these high risk Hispanic families. Subclinical atherosclerosis shares common genetic determinants with SBP and, independently, with measures of renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Chen
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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Hwang SJ, Yang Q, Meigs JB, Pearce EN, Fox CS. A genome-wide association for kidney function and endocrine-related traits in the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2007; 8 Suppl 1:S10. [PMID: 17903292 PMCID: PMC1995611 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-8-s1-s10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urinary albumin excretion (UAE) are markers of kidney function that are known to be heritable. Many endocrine conditions have strong familial components. We tested for association between the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Mapping 100K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) set and measures of kidney function and endocrine traits. METHODS Genotype information on the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Mapping 100K SNP set was available on 1345 participants. Serum creatinine and cystatin-C (cysC; n = 981) were measured at the seventh examination cycle (1998-2001); GFR (n = 1010) was estimated via the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation; UAE was measured on spot urine samples during the sixth examination cycle (1995-1998) and was indexed to urinary creatinine (n = 822). Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was measured at the third and fourth examination cycles (1981-1984; 1984-1987) and mean value of the measurements were used (n = 810). Age-sex-adjusted and multivariable-adjusted residuals for these measurements were used in association with genotype data using generalized estimating equations (GEE) and family-based association tests (FBAT) models. We presented the results for association tests using additive allele model. We evaluated associations with 70,987 SNPs on autosomes with minor allele frequencies of at least 0.10, Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium p-value > or = 0.001, and call rates of at least 80%. RESULTS The top SNPs associated with these traits using the GEE method were rs2839235 with GFR (p-value 1.6*10(-05)), rs1158167 with cysC (p-value 8.5*10(-09)), rs1712790 with UAE (p-value 1.9*10(-06)), and rs6977660 with TSH (p-value 3.7*10(-06)), respectively. The top SNPs associated with these traits using the FBAT method were rs6434804 with GFR(p-value 2.4*10(-5)), rs563754 with cysC (p-value 4.7*10(-5)), rs1243400 with UAE (p-value 4.8*10(-6)), and rs4128956 with TSH (p-value 3.6*10(-5)), respectively. Detailed association test results can be found at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/gap/cgi-bin/study.cgi?id=phs000007 webcite. Four SNPs in or near the CST3 gene were highly associated with cysC levels (p-value 8.5*10(-09) to 0.007). CONCLUSION Kidney function traits and TSH are associated with SNPs on the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Mapping 100K SNP set. These data will serve as a valuable resource for replication as more SNPs associated with kidney function and endocrine traits are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Jen Hwang
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James B Meigs
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Caroline S Fox
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, the Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Thompson CL, Klein BEK, Klein R, Xu Z, Capriotti J, Joshi T, Leontiev D, Lee KE, Elston RC, Iyengar SK. Complement factor H and hemicentin-1 in age-related macular degeneration and renal phenotypes. Hum Mol Genet 2007; 16:2135-48. [PMID: 17591627 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddm164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the associations of complement factor H (CFH) and hemicentin-1 (HMCN1) with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and renal function. Three scales, measuring the course of AMD and drusen development, were examined in two samples: the Family Age-Related Macular degeneration Study (FARMS), consisting of families ascertained through a single individual with severe AMD, and an unascertained population-based family cohort, the Beaver Dam Eye Study (BDES), which was also used to assess longitudinal changes in AMD and associations with renal function. Associations were performed by a regression accounting for known risk factors as well as familial and sibling effects. Strong evidence of the association of rs1061170 (Y402H) variation with AMD was confirmed (P = 9.15 x 10(-5) in BDES, P = 0.016 in FARMS). This association was observed in multiple AMD scales, suggesting that its role is not phenotype-specific. Polymorphisms in both CFH and HMCN1 appeared to influence the longitudinal rate of change of AMD. The rs1061170 polymorphism was also associated with a reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (P = 0.046). Another CFH polymorphism, rs800292, was similarly associated with eGFR [beta = -0.90 (P = 0.022)]. Associations between rs743137 (P = 0.05) and rs680638 (P = 0.022) in HMCN1 with calculated creatinine clearance progression were also observed. Both genes appear to play a role in both AMD and renal pathophysiology. These findings support evidence for common pathways influencing ocular and renal function and suggest that further work is required on their common determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl L Thompson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Turner ST, Kardia SLR, Mosley TH, Rule AD, Boerwinkle E, de Andrade M. Influence of Genomic Loci on Measures of Chronic Kidney Disease in Hypertensive Sibships. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 17:2048-55. [PMID: 16775034 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2005121254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomewide linkage analyses were conducted of serum creatinine, estimated GFR (eGFR), and urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) in search of genetic susceptibility loci for chronic kidney disease in 1351 black (median age 63 yr, 70% women, 79% hypertensive) and 1022 white individuals (median age 61 yr, 56% women, 75% hypertensive) from sibships in which two or more members had essential hypertension diagnosed before age 60 yr. After adjustment for gender, age, diabetes, and use of angiotensin inhibitors, the logarithm-transformed measure of serum creatinine was heritable in both ethnic groups (0.45 in black individuals [P < 0.001]; 0.39 in white individuals [P < 0.001]), as was eGFR (0.52 in black individuals [P < 0.001]; 0.39 in white individuals [P < 0.001]). Log UACR was heritable in black individuals (0.30, P < 0.001) but not in white individuals (0.12; P = 0.059). In black individuals, the univariate maximum multipoint logarithm of odds scores (MLS) were observed on chromosome 7 for log serum creatinine (MLS = 3.65, at 43 cM from pter; P = 0.00002) and eGFR (MLS = 2.52, at 45 cM from pter; P = 0.00033) and for log UACR (MLS = 2.91, at 112 cM from pter; P = 0.00012). In white individuals, only one MLS for log serum creatinine and one for eGFR achieved the logarithm of odds score criterion for "suggestive" evidence of linkage (2 < or = MLS < 3), both on chromosome 3 (at 211 and 209 cM, respectively); however, none did so for log UACR. In black individuals, bivariate linkage analyses of log serum creatinine and pulse pressure (i.e., systolic-diastolic BP) provided "suggestive" evidence of a region on chromosome 5 with pleiotropic effects on both traits (MLS = 3.62, at 85 cM from pter; P = 0.00023). These findings support the utility of genetic linkage analyses for identification of novel risk factors that influence measures of chronic kidney disease, particularly among black individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Turner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester MN 55905, USA.
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Sale MM, Freedman BI. Genetic determinants of albuminuria and renal disease in diabetes mellitus. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2005; 21:13-6. [PMID: 16234290 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfi220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michèle M Sale
- Center for Human Genomics and Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Nephrology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1053, USA
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Placha G, Canani LH, Warram JH, Krolewski AS. Evidence for different susceptibility genes for proteinuria and ESRD in type 2 diabetes. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2005; 12:155-69. [PMID: 15822051 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2005.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Proteinuria and impaired kidney function are 2 major traits of diabetic nephropathy that aggregate (are heritable) in families of diabetic individuals. Although both traits are heritable, they are not genetically correlated. These findings not only support the hypothesis that the development of diabetic nephropathy consists of 2 distinct disease processes (ie, increasing proteinuria and declining kidney function) but also strongly justify searches for the putative genes that separately determine variation in these processes. These searches have used both genome-wide scans and candidate-gene approaches. By use of genome-scan approaches, several research groups have identified genetic regions on chromosomes 7q, 18q, and 22q that harbor genes that determine either variation in urinary albumin excretion or susceptibility to proteinuria in families who have type 2 diabetes. The evidence for linkage in these 3 genetic regions was suggestive or strong, but, except for 7q, the regions did not overlap across studies. Two genome scans performed in families who have type 2 diabetes identified genetic regions on chromosome 3q, 6q, 7p, and 18q that harbor susceptibility genes that determine variation in glomerular filtration rate or susceptibility to the development of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The region on 7p overlapped in both studies. Optimism is growing that a positional cloning approach applied to these putative genetic regions will lead to the isolation of the susceptibility genes for proteinuria and ESRD. Meanwhile, significant efforts that make use of the candidate-gene approach have been directed to the search for susceptibility genes for diabetic nephropathy. Unfortunately, positive findings have not been consistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Placha
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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