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Demeester C, Van der Veken M, Brouwers J, Vanslembrouck R, Dallmann A, Wendl T, Augustijns P. A quantification of gastric and duodenal fluid volumes in older adults using MRI. Int J Pharm 2024; 666:124831. [PMID: 39406304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 10/10/2024] [Accepted: 10/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/23/2024]
Abstract
Older adults are an inherently heterogeneous population with various underlying pathologies, medication use, and habits. In this study, the variability of this population was studied for the gastric and duodenal fluid volumes, as the amount of gastrointestinal volumes could play an essential role in the dissolution of drugs. The fluid volumes were retrospectively quantified by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In 265 included fasted older individuals, the gastric fluid volume was 28.9 ± 21.1 mL (arithmetic mean ± standard deviation). No significant covariate-effect on stomach fluid volume was observed for various medication use, pathologies, and habits (e.g. hypertension, smoking, proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), and aspirin). The gastric fluid volume remained constant with increasing age and had a high variability. The volumes and the variability were, however, not higher than the gastric values reported in healthy younger adults. The duodenal fluid volume was 16.6 ± 10.0 mL and a slight but statistically significant decrease with age was seen. In addition, cystic pancreas, obesity, diuretics, and PPI use demonstrated a moderate but significant correlation with the duodenal fluid volume. The findings of this study could be considered when developing and testing new drug candidates for the older adult population. For example, the volumes including their variability could be used as an input in physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling approaches to predict drug exposure in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleo Demeester
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, Gasthuisberg O&N II, Herestraat 49-Box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Model-Informed Drug Development, Building B106, 51368 Leverkusen, Germany.
| | - Matthias Van der Veken
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, Gasthuisberg O&N II, Herestraat 49-Box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Joachim Brouwers
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, Gasthuisberg O&N II, Herestraat 49-Box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ragna Vanslembrouck
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Clinical Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | - Thomas Wendl
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Model-Informed Drug Development, Building B106, 51368 Leverkusen, Germany.
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, Gasthuisberg O&N II, Herestraat 49-Box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Pande R, Attard JA, Al-Sarireh B, Bhogal RH, Farrugia A, Fusai G, Harper S, Hidalgo-Salinas C, Jah A, Marangoni G, Mortimer M, Pizanias M, Prachialias A, Roberts KJ, Hee CS, Soggiu F, Srinivasan P, Chatzizacharias NA. Oncological outcomes after pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in octogenarians: case-control study. BJS Open 2023; 7:zrad053. [PMID: 37432365 PMCID: PMC10335165 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrad053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND By the end of this decade, 70 per cent of all diagnosed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas will be in the elderly. Surgical resection is the only curative option. In the elderly perioperative mortality is higher, while controversy still exists as to whether aggressive treatment offers any survival benefit. This study aimed to assess the oncological benefit of pancreatoduodenectomy in octogenarians with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. METHOD Retrospective multicentre case-control study of octogenarians and younger controls who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma between 2008 and 2017. The primary endpoint was overall survival and the secondary endpoint was disease-free survival. RESULTS Overall, 220 patients were included. Although the Charlson co-morbidity index was higher in octogenerians, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, ASA and pathological parameters were comparable. Adjuvant therapy was more frequently delivered in the younger group (n = 80, 73 per cent versus n = 58, 53 per cent, P = 0.006). There was no significant difference between octogenarians and controls in overall survival (20 versus 29 months, P = 0.095) or disease-free survival (19 versus 22 months, P = 0.742). On multivariable analysis, age was not an independent predictor of either oncological outcome measured. CONCLUSION Octogenarians with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma of the head and uncinate process may benefit from comparable oncological outcomes to younger patients with surgical treatment. Due to the age- and disease-related frailty and co-morbidities, careful preoperative assessment and patient selection is of paramount importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupaly Pande
- HPB and Liver Transplant Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Joseph A Attard
- HPB and Liver Transplant Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Alexia Farrugia
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Giuseppe Fusai
- HPB and Liver Transplant Unit, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Simon Harper
- HPB Unit, Cambridge University Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Asif Jah
- HPB Unit, Cambridge University Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gabriele Marangoni
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS trust, Coventry, UK
| | | | | | | | - Keith J Roberts
- HPB and Liver Transplant Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Chloe Sew Hee
- HPB Unit, Cambridge University Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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De Silva HM, Howard T, Bird D, Hodgson R. Outcomes following common bile duct exploration versus endoscopic stone extraction before, during and after laparoscopic cholecystectomy for patients with common bile duct stones. HPB (Oxford) 2022; 24:2125-2133. [PMID: 36130852 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) are two methods of retrieving common bile duct (CBD) stones. The best method for CBD stone removal is debatable. The aim of this study was to compare outcomes following LCBDE and/or ERCP, including laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS Data were collected retrospectively for patients undergoing LCBDE and/or ERCP at a single centre from 2008 to 2018. Patients were grouped by intention-to-treat (single-stage LCBDE, pre-operative-, intra-operative-, or post-operative ERCP) and eventual plan (surgical or endoscopic). Outcomes included complication rates (minor Clavien-Dindo 1/2, major Clavien-Dindo 3/4, non-biliary complications) and mortality. RESULTS Of 671 patients, 578 patients received LCBDE and 93 patients received ERCP as primary care. Endoscopic clearance had significantly higher complications and mortality compared to surgical clearance. On an intention-to-treat basis LCBDE had the lowest minor-, major- and non-biliary complications, and mortality (5.2%, 6.1%, 2.9% and 0.5%, respectively), whilst pre-operative ERCP the worst (39.6%, 27.1%, 29.2% and 8.3%, respectively) (p=<0.001). LCBDE and postERCP had similar major complications and mortality. CONCLUSION Surgical clearance of CBD stones was potentially safer than endoscopic clearance. Pre-operative ERCP had the worst outcomes. LCBDE and postERCP are likely to have similar short-term patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tess Howard
- Division of Surgery, The Northern Hospital, Epping, Australia
| | - David Bird
- Division of Surgery, The Northern Hospital, Epping, Australia
| | - Russell Hodgson
- Division of Surgery, The Northern Hospital, Epping, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Epping, Australia.
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Synchronous acute sub-serosal appendicitis and cholecystitis, in a patient with a long standing small bowel neuroendocrine tumor. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2021; 16:776-781. [PMID: 34690662 PMCID: PMC8498731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the case of a 62-year-old retired man with a long-standing small bowel neuroendocrine tumour. He presented with right-sided abdominal pain associated with nausea and vomiting. Radiographic imaging confirmed acute appendicitis and cholecystitis. We performed a synchronous laparoscopic appendectomy and cholecystectomy in the same setting. Histopathological examination of specimens confirmed the preoperative diagnoses in both organs. Our patient recovered uneventfully. The postoperative management plan focused on continuation of the follow-up for the small bowel neuroendocrine tumour. The synchronicity of both acute cholecystitis and appendicitis is extremely uncommon. We believe that our case report is the first of its kind with synchronous inflammation of the gallbladder and appendix in a patient with neuroendocrine tumour. In this report, we aim to provide insights on managing such a condition in the background of other intra-abdominal tumours.
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Safe and feasible outcomes of cholecystectomy in extremely elderly patients (octogenarians vs. nonagenarians). JOURNAL OF MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY 2021; 24:139-144. [PMID: 35600104 PMCID: PMC8977378 DOI: 10.7602/jmis.2021.24.3.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Lei C, Lu T, Yang W, Yang M, Tian H, Song S, Gong S, Yang J, Jiang W, Yang K, Guo T. Comparison of intraoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and laparoscopic common bile duct exploration combined with laparoscopic cholecystectomy for treating gallstones and common bile duct stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Endosc 2021; 35:5918-5935. [PMID: 34312727 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-021-08648-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy combined with intraoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (LC-IntraERCP) and laparoscopic cholecystectomy combined with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LC-LCBDE) to determine which one-stage therapeutic strategy provides better outcomes for patients with gallstones and common bile duct stones. METHODS Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify eligible articles from the database inception to September 2020. The revised Cochrane risk of bias tools for randomized trials (RoB-2) and non-randomized interventions (ROBINS-I) was used to assess the quality of the included studies. The overall quality of evidence was assessed through the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool. The primary outcomes consisted of surgical success, retained stones, and overall postoperative complications, while secondary outcomes included postoperative bleeding, postoperative pancreatitis, postoperative bile leakage, conversion to laparotomy, and operative time. RESULTS Eight studies (four RCTs and four Non-RCTs with high quality) with 2948 patients were included. No significant difference was seen between the two groups regarding surgical success, overall postoperative complications, conversion to laparotomy, and operative time. The meta-analysis demonstrated that in the LC-IntraERCP group, the rate of retained stones (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.28-0.91) and postoperative bile leakage were lower (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.09-0.69), while in the LC-LCBDE group, postoperative bleeding (OR 5.24, 95% CI 1.65-16.65) and postoperative pancreatitis (OR 4.80, 95% CI 2.35-9.78) decreased. CONCLUSIONS LC-IntraERCP and LC-LCBDE exhibited similar efficacies when surgical success rate, overall postoperative complications, conversion to laparotomy, and operative time were compared. However, LC-IntraERCP is probably to be more effective in terms of lowering the rate of retained stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caining Lei
- The First Clinical Medicine College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tingting Lu
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Institution of Clinical Research and Evidence Based Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Man Yang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hosptial School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Hongwei Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Surgical Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Precision Therapy in Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shaoming Song
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shiyi Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wenjie Jiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Kehu Yang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Tiankang Guo
- The First Clinical Medicine College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Surgical Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Precision Therapy in Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Matsui Y, Hirooka S, Sakaguchi T, Kotsuka M, Yamaki S, Yamamoto T, Kosaka H, Satoi S, Sekimoto M. Bile Duct Stones Predict a Requirement for Cholecystectomy in Older Patients. World J Surg 2020; 44:721-729. [PMID: 31654201 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-019-05241-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The requirement for elective cholecystectomy in older patients is unclear. To determine predictors for requiring elective cholecystectomy in older patients, a prospective cohort study was performed. METHODS All patients with gallstone disease who presented to our department from 2006 to 2018 were included if they met the following criteria: (1) age 75 years or older, (2) presentation for elective cholecystectomy, and (3) preoperative diagnosis of cholecystolithiasis. Two therapeutic options, elective surgery and a wait-and-see approach, were offered at their initial visit. Enrolled patients were assigned to one arm of the study according to their choice of the therapeutic options. The primary endpoint was the incidence of gallstone-related complications. The endpoint was compared between patients who underwent cholecystectomy (CH group) and those who chose a wait-and-see approach (No-CH group). RESULTS During the study period, there were 344 patients in the CH group and 161 in the No-CH group. Among patients with a history of bile duct stones, the incidence of gallstone-related complications in the No-CH group was significantly higher (45% within 3 years, including two gallstone-related deaths) than that in the CH group (RR 2.66, 95% confidence interval 1.50-4.77, p = 0.0009). Among patients with no history of bile duct stones, the incidence of gallstone-related complications in the No-CH group reached only 10% over the 12 years. CONCLUSION Cholecystectomy is recommended for older patients with both histories of cholecystolithiasis and bile duct stones, whereas a wait-and-see approach is preferable for patients with no bile duct stone history. A history of bile duct stones is a good predictor for cholecystectomy in older patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Matsui
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Hirooka
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Tatsuma Sakaguchi
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Masaya Kotsuka
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - So Yamaki
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kosaka
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Sohei Satoi
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Mitsugu Sekimoto
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
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Optimal Treatment for Octogenarians With Resectable and Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Multicenter Retrospective Study. Pancreas 2020; 49:837-844. [PMID: 32590619 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to clarify the role of pancreatectomy for patients with resectable and borderline resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma aged 80 years or older using a nationwide audit by the Japan Pancreas Society. METHODS Data were collected from 39 institutions from 2007 to 2014. The primary endpoint was overall survival, and secondary endpoints were surgical outcomes and predictive factors for prognosis. RESULTS Data were obtained from 556 octogenarians who underwent pancreatectomy (n = 369, 66%), chemo(radio)therapy (n = 99, 18%), and palliative therapy (n = 88, 16%). Median survival times were 20.6, 18.6, and 8.8 months in each group, respectively. Even after propensity score matching, median survival time in the surgery group (22.8 months) was significantly higher than that in the chemotherapy group (18.5 months; hazard ratio, 0.64 [95% confidence interval, 0.44-0.93]; P = 0.020). Significant independent prognostic factors were body mass index, lymph node metastasis, and tumor diameter in the surgery group, and serum albumin level, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, body mass index, modified Glasgow prognostic score, second-line chemotherapy, and tumor diameter in the chemotherapy group. CONCLUSIONS Octogenarians with resectable/borderline resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma can be recommended for pancreatectomy according to mental and physical fitness for surgical procedures.
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Matsui Y, Hirooka S, Kotsuka M, Yamaki S, Kosaka H, Yamamoto T, Satoi S. Prognosis in Patients With Gallbladder Edema Misdiagnosed as Cholecystitis. JSLS 2019; 23:JSLS.2019.00022. [PMID: 31223228 PMCID: PMC6573792 DOI: 10.4293/jsls.2019.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Edema of the gallbladder may pose a diagnostic challenge because it also occurs in patients without an indication for cholecystectomy. Methods We evaluated all consecutive patients with gallstone disease who presented for cholecystectomy at the Department of Surgery of Kansai Medical University from January 2006 to April 2019. Using the prospectively collected database in our department, we obtained information on patients whose final diagnoses were gallbladder edema. We identified 12 patients with gallbladder edema who were misdiagnosed with acute cholecystitis among 2661 patients and who presented for cholecystectomy for benign gallbladder diseases. The outcome of these patients was assessed to prevent unnecessary cholecystectomy. Results In all 12 patients, computed tomography and ultrasonographic imaging showed gallbladder wall thickening. Acute cholecystitis was suspected, and emergent cholecystectomy was performed for the first 5 patients. Of these 5 patients, 2 patients died of liver failure postoperatively. Based on the misdiagnosis in the first 5 patients, the latter 7 patients did not undergo cholecystectomy; instead, they were treated specifically for their systemic disease. To date, no cholecystitis has occurred in these 7 patients. In all misdiagnosed cases in the present report, mesh-like wall thickening was a distinctive feature of gallbladder edema on ultrasonography. We consider this feature important for distinguishing simple gallbladder edema from cholecystitis. Conclusion Careful evaluation of clinical symptoms and imaging findings, especially mesh-like wall thickening on ultrasonography, is necessary in this setting to prevent misdiagnosis and unnecessary cholecystectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Matsui
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirooka
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaya Kotsuka
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - So Yamaki
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kosaka
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sohei Satoi
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
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