1
|
Guo R, Zheng Y, Zhang L, Shi J, Li W. Salivary microbiome and periodontal status of patients with periodontitis during the initial stage of orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 159:644-652. [PMID: 33608141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with severe periodontitis typically present with pathologic tooth migration. To improve esthetics and masticatory function, orthodontic treatment is required. Research on periodontal orthodontic treatment has been sparse, particularly from the microbial perspective. Hence, we analyzed the microbial and clinical changes in patients with well-controlled periodontitis in the early stage of orthodontic treatment. METHODS Ten patients with well-controlled periodontitis were asked to collect saliva before and 1 and 3 months after appliance placement (T0, T1, and T2, respectively) and underwent clinical examinations before and 1, 3, and 6 months after appliance placement (T0, T1, T2, and T3, respectively). The microbial community of saliva was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Gingival index, the plaque index, and the probing pocket depth were clinically assessed. RESULTS The plaque index significantly increased from T0 to T1 and decreased at T2 and T3. The probing pocket depth and gingival index increased slightly at T2, but not significantly, in both the high-risk site and low-risk site. The alpha and beta diversity increased at T1. The microbial community structure was similar at T0 and T2. The relative abundance of core genera and periodontal pathogens was stable during the initial 3 months of orthodontic treatment. CONCLUSIONS The orthodontic appliance promoted plaque accumulation and altered the microbial community of patients with well-controlled periodontitis during the first month of orthodontic treatment. The microbial community returned to the basal composition at 3 months after appliance placement, and the periodontal inflammation during the 6-months orthodontic treatment was under control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runzhi Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfei Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Department of Dental Medical Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
| | - Weiran Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Salivary MRP-8/14 and the presence of periodontitis-associated bacteria in children with bonded maxillary expansion treatment. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:3767-3774. [PMID: 33270150 PMCID: PMC8137619 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate changes in saliva concentration of the inflammatory marker MRP-8/14 and the presence of some periodontitis-associated bacteria in patients with mixed dentition treated with a rigid acrylic, bonded maxillary expander. METHODS Fifteen patients in mixed dentition treated with a bonded palatal expander were enrolled in this longitudinal study. Saliva samples were taken before the therapy, as well as in 2 weeks and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after the beginning of the therapy. In each sample, the levels of MRP-8/14 were determined by ELISA and the presence of 11 bacteria was detected by PCR followed by DNA-DNA hybridization. RESULTS Salivary concentration of MRP-8/14 and the amount of Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Eikenella corrodens were significantly increased during treatment with bonded maxillary expander. These changes were transient and the maximal levels of MRP-8/14 and periodontitis-associated pathogens were observed 6-9 months after the beginning of the therapy. CONCLUSION Therapy with bonded maxillary results in higher MRP-8/14 levels and increased prevalence of some periodontitis-associated bacteria, namely T. forsythia, T. denticola, and E. corrodens. The results suggest the detection of salivary MRP-8/14 levels may be a potential tool to reflect the oral health status in children with fixed orthodontic treatment. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our data suggest that the treatment with bonded maxillary expander might influence the oral health status and should be accompanied by the careful control of the oral health during the therapy.
Collapse
|
3
|
Kennedy B, Peura S, Hammar U, Vicenzi S, Hedman A, Almqvist C, Andolf E, Pershagen G, Dicksved J, Bertilsson S, Fall T. Oral Microbiota Development in Early Childhood. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19025. [PMID: 31836727 PMCID: PMC6911045 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54702-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life determinants of the oral microbiota have not been thoroughly elucidated. We studied the association of birth and early childhood characteristics with oral microbiota composition using 16 S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing in a population-based Swedish cohort of 59 children sampled at 6, 12 and 24 months of age. Repeated-measurement regression models adjusted for potential confounders confirmed and expanded previous knowledge about the profound shift of oral microbiota composition in early life. These alterations included increased alpha diversity, decreased beta diversity and alteration of bacterial composition with changes in relative abundance of 14 of the 20 most common operational taxonomic units (OTUs). We also found that birth characteristics, breastfeeding and antibiotic use were associated with overall phyla distribution and/or with the relative abundance of specific OTUs. Further, we detected a novel link between morning salivary cortisol level, a physiological marker of neuroendocrine activity and stress, and overall phyla distribution as well as with decreased abundance of the most common OTU mapped to the Streptococcaceae family. In conclusion, a major part of the maturation of the oral microbiome occurs during the first two years of life, and this development may be influenced by early life circumstances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Kennedy
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sari Peura
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hammar
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Silvia Vicenzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Anna Hedman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catarina Almqvist
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Unit of Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology at Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ellika Andolf
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Pershagen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Dicksved
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Bertilsson
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tove Fall
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mitova N, Rashkova MR, Popova CL. Saliva diagnostics of sex hormones and subgingival microflora in children in puberty. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1688190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Mitova
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maya Rasheva Rashkova
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Christina Lazarova Popova
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mitova N, Rashkova M, Popova C. Quantity, diversity and complexity of subgingival microorganisms in children with plaque-induced gingivitis. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1604156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Mitova
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maya Rashkova
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Christina Popova
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analysis of saliva reveals disease-associated microbiota in patients with periodontitis and dental caries. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2017; 3:23. [PMID: 28979798 PMCID: PMC5624903 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-017-0031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The taxonomic composition of the salivary microbiota has been reported to differentiate between oral health and disease. However, information on bacterial activity and gene expression of the salivary microbiota is limited. The purpose of this study was to perform metagenomic and metatranscriptomic characterization of the salivary microbiota and test the hypothesis that salivary microbial presence and activity could be an indicator of the oral health status. Stimulated saliva samples were collected from 30 individuals (periodontitis: n = 10, dental caries: n = 10, oral health: n = 10). Salivary microbiota was characterized using metagenomics and metatranscriptomics in order to compare community composition and the gene expression between the three groups. Streptococcus was the predominant bacterial genus constituting approx. 25 and 50% of all DNA and RNA reads, respectively. A significant disease-associated higher relative abundance of traditional periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Filifactor alocis and salivary microbial activity of F. alocis was associated with periodontitis. Significantly higher relative abundance of caries-associated bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus fermentum was identified in saliva from patients with dental caries. Multiple genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism were significantly more expressed in healthy controls compared to periodontitis patients. Using metagenomics and metatranscriptomics we show that relative abundance of specific oral bacterial species and bacterial gene expression in saliva associates with periodontitis and dental caries. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to evaluate if screening of salivary microbial activity of specific oral bacterial species and metabolic gene expression can identify periodontitis and dental caries at preclinical stages. Genetic analysis of saliva reveals the activity of bacteria linked to gum disease and tooth decay and may prove useful in early diagnosis. Daniel Belstrøm and colleagues at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark, with co-workers at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore, analyzed saliva from 10 patients with periodontitis gum disease, 10 with dental caries and 10 with good oral health. DNA analysis revealed which bacteria were present, while examining RNA revealed which bacterial genes were most active. The procedure identified greater abundance and activity of bacteria linked to each specific oral condition in the oral disease groups, and also found distinctive bacterial activity in those people with good oral health. Further studies should investigate the possibility of testing bacterial gene activity in saliva to identify oral diseases before they become clinically evident.
Collapse
|
7
|
Testa M, Erbiti S, Delgado A, Cardenas I. Evaluation of oral microbiota in undernourished and eutrophic children using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Anaerobe 2016; 42:55-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
8
|
Prevalence of periodontal pathogens as predictor of the evolution of periodontal status. Odontology 2016; 105:467-476. [PMID: 27888369 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-016-0286-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, its fimA genotypes, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola and the evolution of periodontal health. In a longitudinal prospective study, samples of subgingival plaque were taken from 114 patients (37 with chronic periodontitis, 17 with gingivitis, and 60 periodontally healthy) in the course of a full periodontal examination. PCR was employed to determine the presence of the periodontopathogenic bacteria. Four years later, a second examination and sample collection were performed in 90 of these patients (20 with chronic periodontitis, 12 with gingivitis, and 58 periodontally healthy). T. forsythia, P. gingivalis, and T. denticola are the most prevalent bacteria in patients with chronic periodontitis (78.4%, 62.2 y 56.8%, respectively). The P. gingivalis bacterium and its fimA genotypes I, II, and IV showed the highest correlation between the baseline and follow-up assessments. P. gingivalis fimA genotype II and T. forsythia were associated to a significant degree with unfavourable periodontal evolution. Of the variables studied, P. gingivalis fimA genotype II and T. forsythia increase the risk of an unfavourable evolution of periodontal status.
Collapse
|
9
|
Faria Carrada C, Almeida Ribeiro Scalioni F, Evangelista Cesar D, Lopes Devito K, Ribeiro LC, Almeida Ribeiro R. Salivary Periodontopathic Bacteria in Children and Adolescents with Down Syndrome. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162988. [PMID: 27727287 PMCID: PMC5058504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess and compare salivary periodontopathic bacteria between groups of Down syndrome and non-Down syndrome children and adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included a sample of 30 Down syndrome children and adolescents (G-DS) and 30 age- and sex-matched non-Down syndrome subjects (G-ND). Clinical examination determined the gingival bleeding index (GBI) and plaque index. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected from all participants. The fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique identified the presence and density of eight periodontopathic bacteria in saliva. The statistical analysis included chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS In the G-DS group, bleeding on probing was more frequent (p = 0.037) and higher densities of Campylobacter rectus (p = 0.013), Porphyromonas gingivalis (p = 0.025), Treponema denticola (p = 0.026), Fusobacterium nucleatum (p = 0.013), Prevotella intermedia (p = 0.001) and Prevotella nigrescens (p = 0.008) were observed. Besides, in the G-DS, the densities of bacteria from the orange complex were significantly higher in the age group 3-7 years for F. nucleatum (p = 0.029), P. intermedia (p = 0.001) and P. nigrescens (p = 0.006). C. rectus was higher in the age group 8-12 years (p = 0.045). CONCLUSION The results showed that children and adolescents with Down syndrome have higher susceptibility to periodontal disease and number of periodontopathic bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Faria Carrada
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Flávia Almeida Ribeiro Scalioni
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Dionéia Evangelista Cesar
- Department of Ecology and Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Karina Lopes Devito
- Department of Dental Clinic, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz Cláudio Ribeiro
- Department of Statistics, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rosangela Almeida Ribeiro
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sanchez-Torres D, Gutierrez-Bejarano D, Hurtado-Roca Y, Guallar-Castillon P, Muntner P, Laclaustra M. Non-linear association of periodontal pathogen antibodies with mortality. Int J Cardiol 2015; 187:628-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.03.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
11
|
Noble JM, Scarmeas N, Celenti RS, Elkind MSV, Wright CB, Schupf N, Papapanou PN. Serum IgG antibody levels to periodontal microbiota are associated with incident Alzheimer disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114959. [PMID: 25522313 PMCID: PMC4270775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis and Alzheimer disease (AD) are associated with systemic inflammation. This research studied serum IgG to periodontal microbiota as possible predictors of incident AD. Methods Using a case-cohort study design, 219 subjects (110 incident AD cases and 109 controls without incident cognitive impairment at last follow-up), matched on race-ethnicity, were drawn from the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP), a cohort of longitudinally followed northern Manhattan residents aged >65 years. Mean follow-up was five years (SD 2.6). In baseline sera, serum IgG levels were determined for bacteria known to be positively or negatively associated with periodontitis (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4, Treponema denticola, Campylobacter rectus, Eubacterium nodatum, and Actinomyces naeslundii genospecies-2). In all analyses, we used antibody threshold levels shown to correlate with presence of moderate-severe periodontitis. Results Mean age was 72 years (SD 6.9) for controls, and 79 years (SD 4.6) for cases (p<0.001). Non-Hispanic Whites comprised 26%, non-Hispanic Blacks 27%, and Hispanics 48% of the sample. In a model adjusting for baseline age, sex, education, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, prior history of stroke, and apolipoprotein E genotype, high anti-A. naeslundii titer (>640 ng/ml, present in 10% of subjects) was associated with increased risk of AD (HR = 2.0, 95%CI: 1.1–3.8). This association was stronger after adjusting for other significant titers (HR = 3.1, 95%CI: 1.5–6.4). In this model, high anti-E. nodatum IgG (>1755 ng/ml; 19% of subjects) was associated with lower risk of AD (HR = 0.5, 95%CI: 0.2–0.9). Conclusions Serum IgG levels to common periodontal microbiota are associated with risk for developing incident AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James M. Noble
- Taub Institute for Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Nikolaos Scarmeas
- Taub Institute for Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Social Medicine, Psychiatry, and Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Romanita S. Celenti
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral and Diagnostic Sciences, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mitchell S. V. Elkind
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Clinton B. Wright
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology & Public Health Sciences, and the Neuroscience Program, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Nicole Schupf
- Taub Institute for Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Panos N. Papapanou
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral and Diagnostic Sciences, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dahlén G, Claesson R, Aberg CH, Haubek D, Johansson A, Kwamin F. Subgingival bacteria in Ghanaian adolescents with or without progression of attachment loss. J Oral Microbiol 2014; 6:23977. [PMID: 24834145 PMCID: PMC4013489 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v6.23977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study describes subgingival bacterial profiles associated with clinical periodontal status in Ghanaian adolescents with or without progression of attachment loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS Among 500 adolescents included in a cohort study, 397 returned 2 years later for a periodontal re-examination, including full-mouth CAL measurements. At follow-up, a subgroup of 98 adolescents was also subjected to bacterial sampling with paper points at four periodontal sites (mesial aspect of 11, 26, 31, and 46) and analyzed with the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique against DNA-probes from nine periodontitis-associated bacterial species. RESULTS The 98 Ghanaian adolescents examined in the present study were similar to the entire group examined at the 2-year follow-up with respect to age, gender, and CAL ≥3 mm. A high detection frequency of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia (>99%) using checkerboard analysis was found, while for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans the detection frequency was <50%. A strong correlation was found at the individual level between the presence of P. intermedia and the total CAL change, and P. intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis were strongly correlated with a change in CAL and probing pocket depth (PPD) at the sampled sites. In a linear regression model, a significant discriminating factor for the total CAL change in the dentition during the 2-year follow-up period was obtained for P. intermedia and public school. CONCLUSION This study indicates that subgingival bacterial species other than A. actinomycetemcomitans, for example, P. intermedia, have a significant association with periodontal breakdown (change in CAL) in Ghanaian adolescents with progression of periodontal attachment loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Dahlén
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Rolf Claesson
- Division of Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carola Höglund Aberg
- Division of Molecular Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dorte Haubek
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders Johansson
- Division of Molecular Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lyko K, Bonfim C, Benelli EM, Torres-Pereira CC, Amenábar JM. Salivary detection of periodontopathic bacteria in Fanconi's anemia patients. Anaerobe 2013; 24:32-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
14
|
Noble JM, Scarmeas N, Papapanou PN. Poor oral health as a chronic, potentially modifiable dementia risk factor: review of the literature. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2013; 13:384. [PMID: 23963608 PMCID: PMC6526728 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-013-0384-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Poor oral health, including caries, tooth loss, and periodontitis, is ubiquitous worldwide, and is potentially treatable and preventable. Like adverse oral health conditions, Alzheimer disease and related disorders are also very common among aging populations. Established risk factors for Alzheimer disease include cerebrovascular disease and its vascular risk factors, many of which share associations with evidence of systemic inflammation also identified in periodontitis and other poor oral health states. In this review, we present epidemiologic evidence of links between poor oral health and both prevalent and incident cognitive impairment, and review plausible mechanisms linking these conditions, including evidence from compelling animal models. Considering that a large etiologic fraction of dementia remains unexplained, these studies argue for further multidisciplinary research between oral health conditions, including translational, epidemiologic, and possibly clinical treatment studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James M Noble
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kumar PS. Sex and the subgingival microbiome: Do female sex steroids affect periodontal bacteria? Periodontol 2000 2012; 61:103-24. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2011.00398.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
16
|
|
17
|
Stingu CS, Schaumann R, Jentsch H, Eschrich K, Brosteanu O, Rodloff AC. Association of periodontitis with increased colonization by Prevotella nigrescens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 4:20-5. [PMID: 22767485 DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-1626.2012.00129.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To estimate differences in the prevalence of Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens in the subgingival plaque of patients with periodontitis (including aggressive and advanced chronic periodontitis) compared to healthy controls, and to search for significant associations with clinical status. METHODS Sixteen patients and 16 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Interproximal plaque index, oral hygiene index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, and clinical attachment level were recorded. Samples of subgingival plaque were taken with paper points from four teeth of each individual and immediately plated on appropriate supplemented Columbia agar. Black pigmented colonies were identified with the Rapid ID32 A system, and further differentiated using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. For the statistical analysis, chi-squared test and the Mann-Whitney U-test were used. RESULTS Prevotella nigrescens was isolated from 10 patients and three controls, while P. intermedia was isolated from only two patients. P. nigrescens was found more frequently in the subgingival plaque of patients (P = 0.029), and was significantly associated with high values of clinical indices (P ≤ 0.025). Significant differences for P. intermedia were not found. CONCLUSIONS Periodontitis seems to be associated with increased colonization with P. nigrescens. Whether or not it is a major pathogen needs to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catalina-Suzana Stingu
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Eick S, Pietkiewicz M, Sculean A. Oral microbiota in Swiss adolescents. Clin Oral Investig 2012; 17:79-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-012-0696-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
19
|
Topcuoglu N, Keskin F, Ciftci S, Paltura C, Kulekci M, Ustek D, Kulekci G. Relationship between oral anaerobic bacteria and otitis media with effusion. Int J Med Sci 2012; 9:256-61. [PMID: 22606045 PMCID: PMC3354330 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.4382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study hypothesing the translocation of oral bacteria from oropharynx into the middle ear cavity may be involved in the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion (OME), we aimed to investigate the presence and similarity of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Treponema denticola in saliva, nasopharyngeal secretion and the middle ear effusion samples from the children with OME. METHODS Totally 20 children with OME undergoing myringotomy and ventilation tube placement were attended. Stimulated saliva samples were collected after otorhinolaryngological and oral examinations were done. The middle ear effusion and nasopharyngeal secretions were collected during the operations. The presence of F. nucleatum and T. denticola were detected using 16SrRNA-based PCR. The clonal similarities of the bacteria were detected in the samples which the same bacteria had been detected in each samples of the same child. After DNA sequencing, clonal similarity was determined by 16SrRNA gene clone library analysis. The sequences from each clone were compared with similar sequences of reference organisms by FASTA search. RESULTS T. denticola was detected only in four (20%) saliva and in one (5%) nasopharyngeal sample. F. nucleatum was detected in 11 (55%) saliva, eight (40%) nasopharyngeal and six (30%) middle ear effusion samples. Sequences from F.nucleatum clones derived from three different anatomic sites within patients were similar in 33% of OME patients, indicating their genetic relatedness. CONCLUSIONS Bacteria involved in this process most likely originate from the oropharynx since they show a close genetic relatedness with their oropharyngeal counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nursen Topcuoglu
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cortelli JR, Fernandes CB, Costa FO, Cortelli SC, Kajiya M, Howell SC, Kawai T. Detection of periodontal pathogens in newborns and children with mixed dentition. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 31:1041-50. [PMID: 21928086 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-011-1405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We report the age-related prevalence of red complex periodontal pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia, along with four strains of orange complex pathogens. The bacteria present in samples isolated from tongue, cheek, and subgingival sulcus in edentulous newborns and children with mixed dentition were monitored by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). P. gingivalis was not detected in any site of any subject in the two groups tested. However, T. denticola was not only found in the 6-13 years age group, but also in edentulous newborns at a relatively high prevalence, indicating non-dentition-related colonization by T. denticola. Campylobacter rectus, Prevotella intermedia, T. forsythia, Eikenella corrodens, and Parvimonas micra were found in the oral cavity of most subjects belonging to the 6-13 years age group compared to newborns. This suggested a pronounced association between these colonizing bacteria and the presence of teeth. There was also a strong relation between T. denticola and T. forsythia for their prevalence in the subgingival sulcus of the 6-13 years age group (p < 0.0001), but not in the other sites tested, suggesting that the colonization of dentition-related T. forsythia may be associated with the increased prevalence of non-dentition-related T. denticola in the subgingival sulcus. Overall, these results suggest that dentition is a key determinant of bacterial colonization, especially orange complex bacteria and the red complex bacterium T. forsythia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Cortelli
- Department of Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Dental Research Division, University of Taubate, 51 Visconde do Rio Branco, Taubaté, SP, 12020-040, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kim SH, Choi DS, Jang I, Cha BK, Jost-Brinkmann PG, Song JS. Microbiologic changes in subgingival plaque before and during the early period of orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod 2011; 82:254-60. [PMID: 21827233 DOI: 10.2319/030311-156.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate changes in subgingival microbiota before and during the leveling and alignment orthodontic stage using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty orthodontic patients (17 females and 13 males; aged 16.7 ± 6.5 y) were included in this study. Subgingival microbial samples were taken from the disto-buccal gingival crevice of the left upper central incisors, the left lower central incisors, the mesio-buccal gingival crevice of the left upper first molars, and the left lower first molars, at four different times: at baseline, before placement of orthodontic appliances (T1), and 1 week (T2), 3 months (T3), and 6 months after placement of orthodontic appliances (T4). DNA was extracted from the samples, and the 16S rRNA-based PCR detection method was used to determine the prevalence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, Campylobactor rectus, Eikenella corrodens, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, and Treponema denticola, which are considered as putative periodontopathogens. RESULTS The frequency of T forsythia, C rectus, and P nigrescens significantly increased after placement of orthodontic appliances. For the other species, the frequency tended to increase but no statistically significant difference was noted. The frequency of the change, representing microorganisms not existing at T1 but newly developing at T2, T3, and T4, was higher at the molars than at the incisors. CONCLUSION The placement of orthodontic appliances affects the subgingival microbial composition even during the early period of orthodontic treatment, increasing the prevalence of periodontopathogens, especially in the molar region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ho Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cairns S, Thomas JG, Hooper SJ, Wise MP, Frost PJ, Wilson MJ, Lewis MAO, Williams DW. Molecular analysis of microbial communities in endotracheal tube biofilms. PLoS One 2011; 6:e14759. [PMID: 21423727 PMCID: PMC3056660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 10/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ventilator-associated pneumonia is the most prevalent acquired infection of patients on intensive care units and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Evidence suggests that an improved understanding of the composition of the biofilm communities that form on endotracheal tubes may result in the development of improved preventative strategies for ventilator-associated pneumonia. Methodology/Principal Findings The aim of this study was to characterise microbial biofilms on the inner luminal surface of extubated endotracheal tubes from ICU patients using PCR and molecular profiling. Twenty-four endotracheal tubes were obtained from twenty mechanically ventilated patients. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiling of 16S rRNA gene amplicons was used to assess the diversity of the bacterial population, together with species specific PCR of key marker oral microorganisms and a quantitative assessment of culturable aerobic bacteria. Analysis of culturable aerobic bacteria revealed a range of colonisation from no growth to 2.1×108 colony forming units (cfu)/cm2 of endotracheal tube (mean 1.4×107 cfu/cm2). PCR targeting of specific bacterial species detected the oral bacteria Streptococcus mutans (n = 5) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (n = 5). DGGE profiling of the endotracheal biofilms revealed complex banding patterns containing between 3 and 22 (mean 6) bands per tube, thus demonstrating the marked complexity of the constituent biofilms. Significant inter-patient diversity was evident. The number of DGGE bands detected was not related to total viable microbial counts or the duration of intubation. Conclusions/Significance Molecular profiling using DGGE demonstrated considerable biofilm compositional complexity and inter-patient diversity and provides a rapid method for the further study of biofilm composition in longitudinal and interventional studies. The presence of oral microorganisms in endotracheal tube biofilms suggests that these may be important in biofilm development and may provide a therapeutic target for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott Cairns
- University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - John Gilbert Thomas
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Alauzet C, Marchandin H, Lozniewski A. New insights into Prevotella diversity and medical microbiology. Future Microbiol 2011; 5:1695-718. [PMID: 21133690 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.10.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In light of recent studies based on cultivation-independent methods, it appears that the diversity of Prevotella in human microbiota is greater than was previously assumed from cultivation-based studies, and that the implication of these bacteria in several human diseases was unrecognized. While some Prevotella taxa were found during opportunistic infections, changes in Prevotella abundance and diversity were discovered during dysbiosis-associated diseases. As member of the microbiota, Prevotella may also be considered as a reservoir for resistance genes. Greater knowledge on Prevotella diversity, as well as new insights into its pathogenic potential and implication in dysbiosis are expected from the use of human microbe identification microarrays, from whole-genome sequence analyse, and from the NIH Human Microbiome Project data. New approaches, including molecular-based methods, could contribute to improve the diagnosis of Prevotella infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corentine Alauzet
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, EA 4369, Faculté de Médecine, Nancy Université, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bastos JA, Diniz CG, Bastos MG, Vilela EM, Silva VL, Chaoubah A, Souza-Costa DC, Andrade LCF. Identification of periodontal pathogens and severity of periodontitis in patients with and without chronic kidney disease. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:804-11. [PMID: 21211789 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study of patients with chronic periodontitis (CP), the severity of the disease and the main periodontal pathogens identified in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) were compared with those detected in individuals without systemic disease. DESIGN Nineteen patients with CP without evidence of systemic disease (control group), 25 patients with CP and CKD who were in the pre-dialysis stages (pre-dialysis group), and 22 patients with CP and CKD who were on renal replacement therapy (RRT group) were examined. The severity of CP was based on the investigation of probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). The definition and stage of CKD were based on the criteria proposed by the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative of the National Kidney Foundation. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using the equation of Modification of Diet in Renal Disease and the identification of microorganisms in subgingival plaque was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS Candida albicans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola were more common in patients who were on RRT and pre-dialysis than in control subjects. CP was more severe in patients with CKD. A strong association was observed between the frequency of C. albicans (P = 0.056), P.gingivalis (P = 0.008), T. denticola (P = 0.013) and CAL, when CKD patients were compared with the control group. CONCLUSION CP is more severe and is associated with increased frequency of C. albicans, P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and T. denticola in patients with CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Bastos
- Postgraduate Program in Health - Concentration Area, Brazilian Health, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Söder B, Yakob M, Meurman JH, Andersson LC, Klinge B, Söder PÖ. Periodontal disease may associate with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010; 127:497-502. [PMID: 20960226 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-010-1221-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose was to evaluate the association between periodontal disease and the incidence of breast cancer in a prospective study of 3273 randomly selected subjects aged 30-40 years at baseline. Breast cancer incidence was registered from 1985 to 2001 according to the WHO International Classification of Diseases criteria. At baseline, 1676 individuals also underwent a clinical oral examination (Group A) whereas 1597 subjects were not clinically examined but were registered (Group B). The associations between breast cancer, periodontal disease, and missing molars were determined using multiple logistic regression models with several background variables and known risk factors for cancer. In total 26 subjects in group A and 15 subjects in group B had breast cancer. The incidence of breast cancer was 1.75% in subjects who had periodontal disease and/or any missing molars, and 0 in subjects who had periodontal disease but had no missing molars. For periodontally healthy subjects with no missing teeth the breast cancer incidence was 1%. For group B the respective incidence was 0.94%. Female gender (odds ratio (OR) 13.08) and missing any molar in the mandible (OR 2.36) were explanatory variables for breast cancer. Of the subjects with periodontal disease and any missing molars in the mandible 5.5% had breast cancer in comparison to 0.5% of the subjects who had periodontal disease but no missing molars in the mandible (P < 0.02). Chronic periodontal disease indicated by missing molars seemed to associate statistically with breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birgitta Söder
- Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
HAUBEK DORTE. The highly leukotoxic JP2 clone of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: evolutionary aspects, epidemiology and etiological role in aggressive periodontitis. APMIS 2010:1-53. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2010.02665.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
27
|
Meijndert L, Van Der Reijden WA, Raghoebar GM, Meijer HJA, Vissink A. Microbiota around teeth and dental implants in periodontally healthy, partially edentulous patients: is pre-implant microbiological testing relevant? Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118:357-63. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2010.00750.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
28
|
Yek EC, Cintan S, Topcuoglu N, Kulekci G, Halim İssever, Kantarci A. Efficacy of Amoxicillin and Metronidazole Combination for the Management of Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis. J Periodontol 2010; 81:964-74. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.090522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
29
|
Martínez-Pabón MC, Martínez-Gaviria A, Isaza-Guzmán DM, Muskus-López CE, Tobón-Arroyave SI. Confounding and interaction effect ofTreponema denticolasalivary carriage in chronic periodontitis. Oral Dis 2010; 16:278-85. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2009.01639.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
30
|
Su Z, Kong F, Wang S, Chen J, Yin R, Zhou C, Zhang Y, He Z, Shi Y, Xue Y, Shi X, Lu L, Shao Q, Xu H. The rag locus of Porphyromonas gingivalis might arise from Bacteroides via horizontal gene transfer. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2010; 29:429-37. [PMID: 20195672 PMCID: PMC2953623 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-010-0880-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is regarded as one of the risk factors of periodontitis. P. gingivalis exhibits a wide variety of genotypes. Many insertion sequences (ISs), located in their chromosomes, made P. gingivalis differentiate into virulent and avirulent strains. In this research, we investigated the prevalence of P. gingivalis in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) among periodontitis patients from Zhenjiang, China, detected the P. gingivalis rag locus distributions by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and analyzed the origin of the P. gingivalis rag locus based on evolution. There were three rag locus variants co-existing in Zhenjiang. The results showed that the rag locus may be associated with severe periodontitis. This work also firstly ascertained that the rag locus might arise, in theory, from Bacteroides sp. via horizontal gene transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Su
- Department of Immunology and Laboratory Immunology, Center of Medical Laboratory, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang L, Henson BS, Camargo PM, Wong DT. The clinical value of salivary biomarkers for periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000 2010; 51:25-37. [PMID: 19878467 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2009.00315.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
32
|
Noble JM, Borrell LN, Papapanou PN, Elkind MSV, Scarmeas N, Wright CB. Periodontitis is associated with cognitive impairment among older adults: analysis of NHANES-III. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2009; 80:1206-11. [PMID: 19419981 PMCID: PMC3073380 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2009.174029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is ubiquitous and associated with serological evidence of exposure to periodontal organisms, systemic inflammation and vascular disease. Dementia is a major public health problem likely related to a complex interaction between genetics and diseases associated with systemic inflammation, including diabetes, smoking and stroke. METHODS To assess relationships between systemic exposure to periodontal pathogens and cognitive test outcomes, data were analysed from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-III), a nationally representative cross sectional observational study among older adults. We included 2355 participants >or=60 years who completed measures of cognition and Poryphyromonas gingivalis IgG. Using SUDAAN, logistic regression models examined the association of P gingivalis IgG with cognitive test performance. RESULTS Poor immediate verbal memory (<5/9 points) was prevalent in 5.7% of patients, and 6.5% overall had impaired delayed recall (<4/9); 22.1% had difficulty with serial subtractions (<5/5 trials correct). Individuals with the highest P gingivalis IgG (>119 ELISA Units (EU)) were more likely to have poor delayed verbal recall (OR 2.89, 95% CI 1.14 to 7.29) and impaired subtraction (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.22 to 3.11) than those with the lowest ( CONCLUSION A serological marker of periodontitis is associated with impaired delayed memory and calculation. Further exploration of relationships between oral health and cognition is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Noble
- Gertrude H Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Leblebicioglu B, Kulekci G, Ciftci S, Keskin F, Badur S. Salivary detection of periodontopathic bacteria and periodontal health status in dental students. Anaerobe 2009; 15:82-6. [PMID: 19162209 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2008.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2008] [Revised: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 12/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Saliva may become a potential source of contamination through vertical and horizontal transmissions as well as cross-infections. This study aims to use saliva as a screening tool to detect putative periodontal pathogens in a young population with fairly good oral hygiene. MATERIALS AND METHODS Stimulated saliva samples were obtained from 134 dental students (20.5+/-1 years, range 18-22 years). Among those, 77 subjects also completed a periodontal examination including attachment loss, modified dental, gingival and plaque indices (AL, mDI, GI and PI). The test bacteria were identified using a 16S rRNA-based PCR detection method. RESULTS One or more of the test bacteria was found in 67% of the subjects. Prevotella nigrescens was detected as single bacterium in 16% of the subjects followed by Treponema denticola (4%), Porphyromonas gingivalis (2%), Aggregatibacter (formerly Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans (1%) and Tannerella forsythia (1%). Two or more pathogens were detected in 42% of the subjects. Clinical examination revealed health with no attachment loss (AL) in 84% of the students. In no AL group, 38% of the students were pathogen free while this was 25% for students in localized AL group (p>0.05). There was a statistically significant association between the detection of salivary periodontal pathogen in general and higher PI (p=0.018) and GI (p=0.043). CONCLUSION Within the limits of this study, it is possible to detect all six periodontal pathogens in the saliva of dental students. Although a correlation can be observed between the presence of salivary periodontal pathogen and clinical signs of inflammation such as plaque accumulation and gingival bleeding, detection of specific bacteria in saliva is not related to the presence of localized AL based on the presented study population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binnaz Leblebicioglu
- Section of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, 305 West 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|