1
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Zhang P, Xue Y, Cao Z, Guo Y, Pang X, Chen C, Zhang W. Raffinose Ameliorates DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Targeting the Inflammatory TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Foods 2024; 13:1849. [PMID: 38928791 PMCID: PMC11203344 DOI: 10.3390/foods13121849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the protective effects of raffinose (Raf) against inflammatory bowel disease in mice with colitis. Mice were administered 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg Raf for 21 d, followed by drinking-water containing 3% dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) for 3 d. Thereafter, the phenotype, pathological lesions in the colon, cytokines levels, and gut microbiota were evaluated. Treatment with Raf reduced the severity of the pathological changes in the colon, mitigating the reduction in colon length. Following Raf intervention, serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) tended to return to normal. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of Raf are associated with a reduction in TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB pathway expression in mouse colonic tissues. Analysis of gut microbiota abundance and its correlation with colitis parameters revealed that DSS-induced dysbiosis was partially mitigated by Raf. In conclusion, Raf exerts a protective effect in colitis by modulating the gut microbiota and TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB pathway.
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2
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Calvigioni M, Panattoni A, Biagini F, Donati L, Mazzantini D, Massimino M, Daddi C, Celandroni F, Vozzi G, Ghelardi E. Development of an In Vitro Model of the Gut Microbiota Enriched in Mucus-Adhering Bacteria. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0033623. [PMID: 37289064 PMCID: PMC10433972 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00336-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Culturing the gut microbiota in in vitro models that mimic the intestinal environment is increasingly becoming a promising alternative approach to study microbial dynamics and the effect of perturbations on the gut community. Since the mucus-associated microbial populations in the human intestine differ in composition and functions from their luminal counterpart, we attempted to reproduce in vitro the microbial consortia adhering to mucus using an already established three-dimensional model of the human gut microbiota. Electrospun gelatin structures supplemented or not with mucins were inoculated with fecal samples and compared for their ability to support microbial adhesion and growth over time, as well as to shape the composition of the colonizing communities. Both scaffolds allowed the establishment of long-term stable biofilms with comparable total bacterial loads and biodiversity. However, mucin-coated structures harbored microbial consortia especially enriched in Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, and Faecalibacterium, being therefore able to select for microorganisms commonly considered mucosa-associated in vivo. IMPORTANCE These findings highlight the importance of mucins in shaping intestinal microbial communities, even those in artificial gut microbiota systems. We propose our in vitro model based on mucin-coated electrospun gelatin structures as a valid device for studies evaluating the effects of exogenous factors (nutrients, probiotics, infectious agents, and drugs) on mucus-adhering microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Calvigioni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Adelaide Panattoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Biagini
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Research Center “Enrico Piaggio”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Leonardo Donati
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Diletta Mazzantini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Massimino
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Costanza Daddi
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Research Center “Enrico Piaggio”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Celandroni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vozzi
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Research Center “Enrico Piaggio”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Emilia Ghelardi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health – Nutrafood”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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3
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Liu X, Li X, Bai Y, Zhou X, Chen L, Qiu C, Lu C, Jin Z, Long J, Xie Z. Natural antimicrobial oligosaccharides in the food industry. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 386:110021. [PMID: 36462348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.110021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An increase in the number of antibiotic resistance genes burdens the environment and affects human health. Additionally, people have developed a cautious attitude toward chemical preservatives. This attitude has promoted the search for new natural antimicrobial substances. Oligosaccharides from various sources have been studied for their antimicrobial and prebiotic effects. Antimicrobial oligosaccharides have several advantages such as being produced from renewable resources and showing antimicrobial properties similar to those of chemical preservatives. Their excellent broad-spectrum antibacterial properties are primarily because of various synergistic effects, including destruction of pathogen cell wall. Additionally, the adhesion of harmful microorganisms and the role of harmful factors may be reduced by oligosaccharides. Some natural oligosaccharides were also shown to stimulate the growth probiotic organisms. Therefore, antimicrobial oligosaccharides have the potential to meet food processing industry requirements in the future. The latest progress in research on the antimicrobial activity of different oligosaccharides is demonstrated in this review. The possible mechanism of action of these antimicrobial oligosaccharides is summarized with respect to their direct and indirect effects. Finally, the extended applications of oligosaccharides from the food source industry to food processing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewu Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xingfei Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yuxiang Bai
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Long Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chao Qiu
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Bioengineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jie Long
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Zhengjun Xie
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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4
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Functional Properties of Dunaliella salina and Its Positive Effect on Probiotics. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20120781. [PMID: 36547928 PMCID: PMC9781844 DOI: 10.3390/md20120781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The unicellular green microalga Dunaliella is a potential source of a wide range of nutritionally important compounds applicable to the food industry. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Dunaliella salina dried biomass on the growth and adherence of 10 strains of Lactobacillus, Lacticaseibacillus, and Bifidobacterium. The immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and cytotoxic effects of D. salina on human peripheral mononuclear cells and simulated intestinal epithelial cell lines Caco-2 and HT-29 were evaluated. Furthermore, the hypocholesterolemic effects of the microalgae on lipid metabolism in rats fed a high-fat diet were analyzed. The addition of D. salina biomass had a positive effect on the growth of nine out of 10 probiotics and promoted the adherence of three bifidobacteria strains to human cell lines. The antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties of D. salina were concentration-dependent. The inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) were significantly increased following Dunaliella stimulation at the lowest concentration (0.5% w/v). Eight week supplementation of D. salina to the diet of hypercholesteromic rats significantly decreased the serum concentrations of LDL-C, VLDL, IDL-B, and IDL-C. D. salina is not cytotoxic in intestinal cell models; it promotes adherence of selected bifidobacteria, it affords immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects, and its addition to diets may help decrease atherosclerosis risk factors.
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Han D, Zulewska J, Xiong K, Yang Z. Synergy between oligosaccharides and probiotics: From metabolic properties to beneficial effects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4078-4100. [PMID: 36315042 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2139218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Synbiotic is defined as the dietary mixture that comprises both probiotic microorganisms and prebiotic substrates. The concept has been steadily gaining attention owing to the rising recognition of probiotic, prebiotics, and gut health. Among prebiotic substances, oligosaccharides demonstrated considerable health beneficial effects in varieties of food products and their combination with probiotics have been subjected to full range of evaluations. This review delineated the landscape of studies using microbial cultures, cell lines, animal model, and human subjects to explore the functional properties and host impacts of these combinations. Overall, the results suggested that these combinations possess respective metabolic properties that could facilitate beneficial activities therefore could be employed as dietary interventions for human health improvement and therapeutic purposes. However, uncertainties, such as applicational practicalities, underutilized analytical tools, contradictory results in studies, unclear mechanisms, and legislation hurdles, still challenges the broad utilization of these combinations. Future studies to address these issues may not only advance current knowledge on probiotic-prebiotic-host interrelationship but also promote respective applications in food and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Han
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Justyna Zulewska
- Department of Dairy Science and Quality Management, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ke Xiong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhennai Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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6
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Goya-Jorge E, Gonza I, Bondue P, Douny C, Taminiau B, Daube G, Scippo ML, Delcenserie V. Human Adult Microbiota in a Static Colon Model: AhR Transcriptional Activity at the Crossroads of Host–Microbe Interaction. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131946. [PMID: 35804761 PMCID: PMC9265634 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional symbiotic intestinal microbiota regulates immune defense and the metabolic processing of xenobiotics in the host. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is one of the transcription factors mediating host–microbe interaction. An in vitro static simulation of the human colon was used in this work to analyze the evolution of bacterial populations, the microbial metabolic output, and the potential induction of AhR transcriptional activity in healthy gut ecosystems. Fifteen target taxa were explored by qPCR, and the metabolic content was chromatographically profiled using SPME-GC-MS and UPLC-FLD to quantify short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and biogenic amines, respectively. Over 72 h of fermentation, the microbiota and most produced metabolites remained stable. Fermentation supernatant induced AhR transcription in two of the three reporter gene cell lines (T47D, HepG2, HT29) evaluated. Mammary and intestinal cells were more sensitive to microbiota metabolic production, which showed greater AhR agonism than the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) used as a positive control. Some of the SCFA and biogenic amines identified could crucially contribute to the potent AhR induction of the fermentation products. As a fundamental pathway mediating human intestinal homeostasis and as a sensor for several microbial metabolites, AhR activation might be a useful endpoint to include in studies of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Goya-Jorge
- Laboratory of Food Quality Management, Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Av. de Cureghem 10 (B43b), 4000 Liege, Belgium; (E.G.-J.); (I.G.)
| | - Irma Gonza
- Laboratory of Food Quality Management, Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Av. de Cureghem 10 (B43b), 4000 Liege, Belgium; (E.G.-J.); (I.G.)
| | - Pauline Bondue
- Research & Development, ORTIS S.A., Hinter der Heck 46, 4750 Elsenborn, Belgium;
| | - Caroline Douny
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Av. de Cureghem 10 (B43b), 4000 Liege, Belgium; (C.D.); (M.-L.S.)
| | - Bernard Taminiau
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Av. de Cureghem 180 (B42), 4000 Liege, Belgium; (B.T.); (G.D.)
| | - Georges Daube
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Av. de Cureghem 180 (B42), 4000 Liege, Belgium; (B.T.); (G.D.)
| | - Marie-Louise Scippo
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Av. de Cureghem 10 (B43b), 4000 Liege, Belgium; (C.D.); (M.-L.S.)
| | - Véronique Delcenserie
- Laboratory of Food Quality Management, Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Av. de Cureghem 10 (B43b), 4000 Liege, Belgium; (E.G.-J.); (I.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-4-366-51-24
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7
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Ozogul Y, El Abed N, Montanari C, Ozogul F. Contribution of polysaccharides from crustacean in fermented food products. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2022; 102:47-92. [PMID: 36064296 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fermented foods are of great importance for their role in preserving nutrients and enriching the human diet. Fermentation ensures longer shelf life and microbiological safety of food. Natural bioactive compounds have been paid attention as nutraceuticals or functional ingredients, which have health-promoting components since polysaccharides, especially chitosan, chitin and their derivatives, are biocompatible and biodegradable, biorenewable, without toxic properties and environmentally friendly. They have been applied in several fields such as medicine, agriculture, and food industry. This chapter provides information on polysaccharides obtained from crustacean as bioactive compounds as well as their effects in fermented foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesim Ozogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Nariman El Abed
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bioactive Molecules (LIP-MB), National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), University of Carthage, Carthage, Tunisia
| | - Chiara Montanari
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fatih Ozogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
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8
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Hong NTX, Linh NTH, Baruah K, Thuy DTB, Phuoc NN. The Combined Use of Pediococcus pentosaceus and Fructooligosaccharide Improves Growth Performance, Immune Response, and Resistance of Whiteleg Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:826151. [PMID: 35283820 PMCID: PMC8914372 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.826151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effect of probiotic bacteria Pediococcus pentosaceus supplemented at different inclusion levels in a control diet [basal diet containing 0.5% fructooligosaccharide (FOS)] on the growth performance, feed conversion ratio, immune response, and the disease resistance of whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. A control diet with 0.5% FOS but without P. pentosaceus supplementation (Control) was prepared. In addition, three other test diets were also formulated: control diet supplemented with P. pentosaceus at (i) 1 × 106 cfu g-1 diet (P1), (ii) 1 × 107 cfu g-1 diet (P2), or (iii) 1 × 108 cfu g-1 diet (P3). After a 60-day feeding trial, the experimental shrimps were challenged with V. parahaemolyticus. The results showed that dietary supplementation of P. pentosaceus significantly improved the growth performance and immune responses of L. vannamei juveniles. The juveniles that were fed with a P2 or P3 diet recorded the maximum increase in the final body weight, final length, weight gain, and survival rate. The total hemocyte counts, phenoloxidase, and lysozyme activity of shrimp fed with either of these two diets were significantly enhanced. The results also showed that juveniles fed with a P2 or P3 diet exhibited significantly lower mortality when challenged with V. parahaemolyticus. Overall results suggested that a combination of P. pentosaceus at the inclusion level of 1 × 107 cfu g-1 diet (P2) and 0.5% FOS could be considered as a potential synbiotic formulation for improving the growth, health, and robustness of L. vannamei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Xuan Hong
- Faculty of Fisheries, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Hue Linh
- Faculty of Fisheries, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Kartik Baruah
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Aquaculture Nutraceuticals Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Do Thi Bich Thuy
- Faculty of Engineering and Food Technology, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Ngoc Phuoc
- Faculty of Fisheries, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
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9
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Jaradat NA, Abdallah S, Al-Maharik N, Altamimi M, Hawash M, Qneibi M, Abu Khair A, Zetawi A, Jabarin L. Constituents, antibacterial adhesion, cytotoxic and in‐vitro metastasis blocking properties of Salvia fruticosa essential oils from three Palestinian localities. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100872. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nidal Amin Jaradat
- An-najah National University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Pharmacy Rafidya 00970 Nablus PALESTINIAN TERRITORY, OCCUPIED
| | - Samer Abdallah
- An-Najah National University Biomedical Rafidya Nablus PALESTINIAN TERRITORY, OCCUPIED
| | - Nawaf Al-Maharik
- An-Najah national university Chemistry Rafidya Nablus PALESTINIAN TERRITORY, OCCUPIED
| | - Mohammad Altamimi
- An-Najah National University Nutrition Rafidya Nablus PALESTINIAN TERRITORY, OCCUPIED
| | - Mohammed Hawash
- An-najah National University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Pharmacy Rafidya Nablus PALESTINIAN TERRITORY, OCCUPIED
| | - Mohammad Qneibi
- An-najah National University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Biomedical Rafidya Nablus PALESTINIAN TERRITORY, OCCUPIED
| | - Abeer Abu Khair
- An-Najah National University Pharmacy Rafidya Nablus PALESTINIAN TERRITORY, OCCUPIED
| | - Anaal Zetawi
- An-Najah National University Pharmacy Rafidya Nablus PALESTINIAN TERRITORY, OCCUPIED
| | - Leena Jabarin
- An-Najah National University Pharmacy Rafidya Nablus PALESTINIAN TERRITORY, OCCUPIED
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10
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Anjum M, Laitila A, Ouwehand AC, Forssten SD. Current Perspectives on Gastrointestinal Models to Assess Probiotic-Pathogen Interactions. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:831455. [PMID: 35173703 PMCID: PMC8841803 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.831455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There are different models available that mimic the human intestinal epithelium and are thus available for studying probiotic and pathogen interactions in the gastrointestinal tract. Although, in vivo models make it possible to study the overall effects of a probiotic on a living subject, they cannot always be conducted and there is a general commitment to reduce the use of animal models. Hence, in vitro methods provide a more rapid tool for studying the interaction between probiotics and pathogens; as well as being ethically superior, faster, and less expensive. The in vitro models are represented by less complex traditional models, standard 2D models compromised of culture plates as well as Transwell inserts, and newer 3D models like organoids, enteroids, as well as organ-on-a-chip. The optimal model selected depends on the research question. Properly designed in vitro and/or in vivo studies are needed to examine the mechanism(s) of action of probiotics on pathogens to obtain physiologically relevant results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sofia D. Forssten
- International Flavors and Fragrances, Health and Biosciences, Danisco Sweeteners Oy, Kantvik, Finland
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11
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Javanshir N, Hosseini GNG, Sadeghi M, Esmaeili R, Satarikia F, Ahmadian G, Allahyari N. Evaluation of the Function of Probiotics, Emphasizing the Role of their Binding to the Intestinal Epithelium in the Stability and their Effects on the Immune System. Biol Proced Online 2021; 23:23. [PMID: 34847891 PMCID: PMC8903605 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-021-00160-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the importance of using cost-effective methods for therapeutic purposes, the function of probiotics as safe microorganisms and the study of their relevant functional mechanisms have recently been in the spotlight. Finding the mechanisms of attachment and stability and their beneficial effects on the immune system can be useful in identifying and increasing the therapeutic effects of probiotics. In this review, the functional mechanisms of probiotics were comprehensively investigated. Relevant articles were searched in scientific sources, documents, and databases, including PubMed, NCBI, Bactibace, OptiBac, and Bagel4. The most important functional mechanisms of probiotics and their effects on strengthening the epithelial barrier, competitive inhibition of pathogenic microorganisms, production of antimicrobials, binding and interaction with the host, and regulatory effects on the immune system were discussed. In this regard, the attachment of probiotics to the epithelium is very important because the prerequisite for their proper functioning is to establish a proper connection to the epithelium. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the binding effect of probiotics, including sortase A, a significant factor involved in the expression of sortase-dependent proteins (SDP), on their surface as mediators of intestinal epithelial cell binding. In general, by investigating the functional mechanisms of probiotics, it was concluded that the mechanism by which probiotics regulate the immune system and adhesion capacity can directly and indirectly have preventive and therapeutic effects on a wide range of diseases. However, further study of these mechanisms requires extensive research on various aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Javanshir
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. (NIGEB), P.O. Box: 14155-6343, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahdieh Sadeghi
- Department of Science, Islamic Azad University - Parand Branch, Parand, Iran
| | | | - Fateme Satarikia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Ahmadian
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. (NIGEB), P.O. Box: 14155-6343, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Najaf Allahyari
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. (NIGEB), P.O. Box: 14155-6343, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Moine L, Canali MM, Porporatto C, Correa SG. Reviewing the biological activity of chitosan in the mucosa: Focus on intestinal immunity. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:324-334. [PMID: 34419549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is a polymer derived from the partial deacetylation of chitin with particular characteristics, such as mucoadhesiveness, tolerability, biocompatibility and biodegradability. Biomedical uses of chitosan cover a wide spectrum of applications as dietary fiber, immunoadjuvant and regulator of the intestinal microbiota or delivery agent. Chemical modification of chitosan is feasible because its reactive amino and hydroxyl groups can be modified by a diverse array of ligands, functional groups and molecules. This gives rise to numerous derivatives that allow different formulation types influencing their activity. Considering the multiple events resulting from the interaction with mucosal tissues, chitosan is a singular candidate for strategies targeting immune stimulation (i.e., tolerance induction, vaccination). Its role as a prebiotic and probiotic carrier represents an effective option to manage intestinal dysbiosis. In the intestinal scenario where the exposure of the immune system to a wide variety of antigens is permanent, chitosan increases IgA levels and favors a tolerogenic environment, thus becoming a key ally for host homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Moine
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica-Facultad de Ciencias Químicas-Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, CP: 5016 Córdoba Capital, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M M Canali
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, France
| | - C Porporatto
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Villa María (UNVM), Arturo Jauretche 1555, CP: 5900 Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - S G Correa
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica-Facultad de Ciencias Químicas-Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, CP: 5016 Córdoba Capital, Córdoba, Argentina.
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13
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Stachyose inhibits vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus colonization and affects gut microbiota in mice. Microb Pathog 2021; 159:105094. [PMID: 34280500 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) caused nosocomial infections are rising globally. Multiple measures have been investigated to address this issue, altering gut microbiota through dietary intervention represents one of such effort. Stachyose can promote probiotic growth, which makes it a good candidate for potentially inhibiting VRE infection. This study aimed to determine whether stachyose inhibits VRE colonization and investigated the involvement of gut microbiota this effect of stachyose. In VRE-infection experiment, 6-week old female C57/6 J mice pre-treated with vancomycin were infected with 2 × 108 CFU VRE via gavage. These mice then received oral administration of stachyose or PBS as control for 7days. Two groups of uninfected mice were also received daily gavage of stachyose or PBS for 7 days to observe the impact of stachyose treatment on normal mice. Fresh fecal and colon samples were collected, then VRE colonization, gut microbiota and gene expression were respectively assessed using cultivation, 16s rRNA sequencing and RNA-sequencing in two parallel experiment, respectively. In VRE-infected mice, stachyose treatment significantly reduced VRE colonization on days 9 and 10 post-infection. Stachyose treatment increased the relative abundance of Porphyromonadaceae, Parabacteroides, and Parabacteroides distasonis compared to the PBS-treated infection mice (P < 0.01). Uninfected mice treated with stachyose showed a significant increase in Lactobacillaceae and Lactobacillus compared to the PBS-treated uninfected mice(P < 0.05). RNA-sequencing results showed that stachyose treatment in VRE-infected mice increased expression of genes involved in TNF and IL-17 signaling pathways. Stachyose treatment also up-regulated Hsd17b14, Cyp3a44, Arg1, and down-regulated Pnliprp2, Ces1c, Pla2g4c genes involving in metabolic pathway in uninfected mice. In conclusion, stachyose supplementation can effectively inhibit VRE colonization and probably altering composition of the microbiome, which can in turn result in changes in expression of genes. Stachyose may also benefit health by increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus and expression of genes involving in metabolic pathway in normal mice.
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14
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Lee BH, Hsu WH, Chien HY, Hou CY, Hsu YT, Chen YZ, Wu SC. Applications of Lactobacillus acidophilus-Fermented Mango Protected Clostridioides difficile Infection and Developed as an Innovative Probiotic Jam. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071631. [PMID: 34359501 PMCID: PMC8303244 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a large intestine disease caused by toxins produced by the spore-forming bacterium C. difficile, which belongs to Gram-positive bacillus. Using antibiotics treatment disturbances in the gut microbiota and toxins produced by C. difficile disrupt the intestinal barrier. Some evidence indicates fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotics may decrease the risk of CDI recurrence. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of fermented mango by using the lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus and develop innovative products in the form of fermented mango jam. L. acidophilus-fermented mango products inhibited the growth of C. difficile while promoting the growth of next-generation probiotic Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Both supernatant and precipitate of mango-fermented products prevented cell death in gut enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells against C. difficile infection. Mango-fermented products also protected gut barrier function by elevating the expression of tight junction proteins. Moreover, L. acidophilus-fermented mango jam with high hydrostatic pressure treatment had favorable textural characteristics and sensory quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Hong Lee
- Department of Horticulture, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan; (B.-H.L.); (H.-Y.C.)
| | - Wei-Hsuan Hsu
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan; (W.-H.H.); (Y.-T.H.); (Y.-Z.C.)
- Center of Allergy and Mucosal Immunity Advancement at the National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yuan Chien
- Department of Horticulture, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan; (B.-H.L.); (H.-Y.C.)
| | - Chih-Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan;
| | - Ya-Ting Hsu
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan; (W.-H.H.); (Y.-T.H.); (Y.-Z.C.)
| | - You-Zuo Chen
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan; (W.-H.H.); (Y.-T.H.); (Y.-Z.C.)
| | - She-Ching Wu
- Department of Food Science, National Chiayi University, No. 300 Syuefu Rd., Chiayi 600355, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-05-2717622
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15
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Lili Q, Xiaohui L, Haiguang M, Jinbo W. Clostridium butyricum Induces the Production and Glycosylation of Mucins in HT-29 Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:668766. [PMID: 34222040 PMCID: PMC8248542 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.668766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
C. butyricum is a common gut commensal bacterium, which has many positive functions in human intestine. In this study, we investigated the effects of monosaccharide and its derivatives on the adhesion of C. butyricum to the mucus of HT-29 cells. RNA interference was performed to assess the roles of MUC2 and glycan in the adhesion of C. butyricum to HT-29 cells. The effects of C. butyricum on the glycosylation of mucins were assayed with fluorescence microscope. The expression levels of mucins and glycotransferases were also determined. The results showed that C. butyricum could adhere to the mucins secreted by HT-29 cells. Several kinds of monosaccharides inhibited the adhesion of C. butyricum to HT-29 cells, which suggested that the mucus glycan was the attaching sites of this bacterium. Knockdown of MUC2, FUT2 or GALNT7 significantly decreased the numbers of the bacteria adhering to HT-29 cells. When colonizing on the surface of HT-29 cells, C. butyricum could increase the production of mucins, promote the expression of glycotransferase, and induce the glycosylation of mucins. These results demonstrated that the glycan of mucus played important roles in the adhesion of C. butyricum to HT-29 cells. This study indicates for the first time that C. butyricum possesses the ability to modulate the glycosylation profile of mucus secreted by HT-29 cells. These findings contribute to understanding the mechanism of interaction between colonic epithelial cells and commensal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lili
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo Tech University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lu Xiaohui
- Research Department, Ningbo Biomart Lifetech Co.Ltd, Ningbo, China
| | - Mao Haiguang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo Tech University, Ningbo, China
| | - Wang Jinbo
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo Tech University, Ningbo, China
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16
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Identification of Synbiotics Conducive to Probiotics Adherence to Intestinal Mucosa Using an In Vitro Caco-2 and HT29-MTX Cell Model. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9040569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of bacteria to adhere to the intestinal mucosa is a critical property necessary for the long-term colonization of the intestinal tract. This ability can be highly sensitive to the presence of prebiotics. However, limited data are available in this respect for beneficial bacteria such as probiotics or resident gut microbiota. We previously demonstrated that the presence of prebiotics may decrease adherence in several pre- and probiotic combinations. Thus, characterizing the interactions between numerous combinations involving different classes of pre- and probiotics can be crucial in identifying new synbiotics. Accordingly, here, we extend our prior analyses to evaluate the adhesion of five lactobacilli, six bifidobacteria, and one probiotic Escherichia coli strains, as commercial probiotics or promising probiotic candidates, together with the cariogenic Bifidobacterium dentium strain. As an in vitro intestinal mucosa model, Caco-2 and mucin-secreting HT29-MTX cells were co-cultured at 9:1 in the presence or absence of prebiotics. Commercial inulin-type fructooligosaccharide prebiotics Orafti® GR, Orafti® P95, and galactooligosaccharide-based prebiotic formula Vivinal®, including purified human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) were added into the cultivation media as the sole sugar source (2.5% each). Adherence was tested using microtiter plates and was evaluated as the percentage of fluorescently labeled bacteria present in the wells after three washes. Consistent prebiotics-mediated enhanced adherence was observed only for the commercial probiotic strain E. coli O83. For the remaining strains, the presence of HMO or prebiotics Orafti® P95 or Orafti® GR decreased adherence, reaching statistical significance (p < 0.05) for three of out of eight (HMO) or five of out of 11 strains tested, respectively. Conversely, Vivinal® enhanced adhesion in six out of the 12 strains tested, and notably, it significantly attenuated the adherence of the cariogenic Bifidobacterium dentium Culture Collection of Dairy Microorganisms (CCDM) 318. To our knowledge, this represents the first report on the influence of commercial prebiotics and HMOs on the adhesion of the cariogenic Bifidobacterium sp. Vivinal® seems to be a promising prebiotic to be used in the formulation of synbiotics, supporting the adhesion of a wide range of probiotics, especially the strains B. bifidum BBV and BBM and the probiotic Escherichia coli O83.
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17
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Faecalibacterium prausnitzii: A Next-Generation Probiotic in Gut Disease Improvement. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/6666114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The researchers are paying more attention to the role of gut commensal bacteria in health development beyond the classical pathogens. It has been widely demonstrated that dysbiosis, which means the alternations of the gut microbial structure, is closely associated with development of intestinal chronic inflammation-related diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and even infectious diseases including bacterial and viral infection. Thus, for reshaping ecological balance, a growing body of the literatures have proposed numerous strategies to modulate the structure of the gut microbiota, which provide more revelation for amelioration of these inflammation or infection-related diseases. While the ameliorative effects of traditional probiotics seem negligeable, emerging next generation probiotics (NGPs) start to receive great attention as new preventive and therapeutic tools. Encouragingly, within the last decade, the intestinal symbiotic bacterium Faecalibacterium prausnitzii has emerged as the “sentinel of the gut,” with multifunction of anti-inflammation, gut barrier enhancement, and butyrate production. A lower abundance of F. prausnitzii has been shown in IBD, Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), and virus infection such as COVID-19. It is reported that intervention with higher richness of F. prausnitzii through dietary modulation, fecal microbiota transplantation, or culture strategy can protect the mice or the subjects from inflammatory diseases. Therefore, F. prausnitzii may have potential ability to reduce microbial translocation and inflammation, preventing occurrences of gastrointestinal comorbidities especially in COVID-19 patients.
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18
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Advances in modelling the human microbiome-gut-brain axis in vitro. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:187-201. [PMID: 33544117 PMCID: PMC7924999 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome has emerged as a key player in the bidirectional communication of the gut–brain axis, affecting various aspects of homeostasis and pathophysiology. Until recently, the majority of studies that seek to explore the mechanisms underlying the microbiome–gut–brain axis cross-talk, relied almost exclusively on animal models, and particularly gnotobiotic mice. Despite the great progress made with these models, various limitations, including ethical considerations and interspecies differences that limit the translatability of data to human systems, pushed researchers to seek for alternatives. Over the past decades, the field of in vitro modelling of tissues has experienced tremendous growth, thanks to advances in 3D cell biology, materials, science and bioengineering, pushing further the borders of our ability to more faithfully emulate the in vivo situation. The discovery of stem cells has offered a new source of cells, while their use in generating gastrointestinal and brain organoids, among other tissues, has enabled the development of novel 3D tissues that better mimic the native tissue structure and function, compared with traditional assays. In parallel, organs-on-chips technology and bioengineered tissues have emerged as highly promising alternatives to animal models for a wide range of applications. Here, we discuss how recent advances and trends in this area can be applied in host–microbe and host–pathogen interaction studies. In addition, we highlight paradigm shifts in engineering more robust human microbiome-gut-brain axis models and their potential to expand our understanding of this complex system and hence explore novel, microbiome-based therapeutic approaches.
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19
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Taniguchi M, Nambu M, Katakura Y, Yamasaki-Yashiki S. Adhesion mechanisms of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis JCM 10602 to dietary fiber. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2021; 40:59-64. [PMID: 33520570 PMCID: PMC7817516 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2020-003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adherence of probiotics to dietary fibers present in the intestinal tract may affect
adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells. The properties of the adhesion of bifidobacteria
to mucin or epithelial cells have been well studied; however, adhesion of bifidobacteria
to dietary fiber has not been investigated. The adhesion ratio of six
Bifidobacterium strains to cellulose and chitin was examined; among the
strains, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis JCM
10602 showed high adherence to both cellulose and chitin, and two strains showed high
adherence to only chitin. The ratios of adhesion of B. animalis to
cellulose and chitin were positively and negatively correlated with ionic strength,
respectively. These data suggest that hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions are
involved in the adhesion to cellulose and chitin, respectively. The adhesion ratios of the
cells in the late logarithmic phase to cellulose and chitin decreased by approximately 40%
and 70% of the cells in the early logarithmic phase, respectively. Furthermore, the
adhesion ratio to cellulose decreased with increasing bile concentration regardless of the
culture phase of the cells. On the other hand, the adhesion ratio to chitin of cells in
the early logarithmic phase decreased with increasing bile concentration; however, that of
cells in the late logarithmic phase increased slightly, suggesting that adhesins differ
depending on the culture phase. Our results indicated the importance of considering
adhesion to both dietary fibers and the intestinal mucosa when using bifidobacteria as
probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Taniguchi
- Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering Major, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Minori Nambu
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Yoshio Katakura
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Shino Yamasaki-Yashiki
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
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20
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de Paula Menezes Barbosa P, Roggia Ruviaro A, Mateus Martins I, Alves Macedo J, LaPointe G, Alves Macedo G. Effect of enzymatic treatment of citrus by-products on bacterial growth, adhesion and cytokine production by Caco-2 cells. Food Funct 2020; 11:8996-9009. [PMID: 33007056 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01963a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Citrus by-products are inexpensive sources of polyphenols, important bioactive compounds with wide pharmaceutical and food applications. This study aimed to investigate the effect of enzymatic treatment of citrus by-products on the polyphenolic profile of extracts and assess the influence of extracts on the growth and adhesion of probiotics and foodborne pathogenic bacteria and on the inflammatory response of epithelial cells. Enzyme-assisted extraction altered the polyphenolic profile (as assessed by HPLC-DAD), increasing the content of aglycone flavanones (naringenin and hesperetin). Enzymatic extracts and aglycone flavanones exhibited higher antibacterial and prebiotic activities than non-enzymatic extracts and glycoside flavanones. However, a higher content of aglycones was not associated with higher anti-adhesion activity. Citrus extracts significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased the inflammatory response of Caco-2 cells to Salmonella Typhimurium adhesion. These results support the sustainable reuse of citrus agroindustrial wastes and indicate the potential of citrus extracts in preventing infection by foodborne pathogenic bacteria and inducing proliferation of probiotics in foods and the gut environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Roggia Ruviaro
- School of Food Engineering, Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Isabela Mateus Martins
- School of Food Engineering, Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Juliana Alves Macedo
- School of Food Engineering, Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Gisèle LaPointe
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Gabriela Alves Macedo
- School of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science, University of Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil. and School of Food Engineering, Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
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21
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Enteric Viral Co-Infections: Pathogenesis and Perspective. Viruses 2020; 12:v12080904. [PMID: 32824880 PMCID: PMC7472086 DOI: 10.3390/v12080904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteric viral co-infections, infections involving more than one virus, have been reported for a diverse group of etiological agents, including rotavirus, norovirus, astrovirus, adenovirus, and enteroviruses. These pathogens are causative agents for acute gastroenteritis and diarrheal disease in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals of all ages globally. Despite virus–virus co-infection events in the intestine being increasingly detected, little is known about their impact on disease outcomes or human health. Here, we review what is currently known about the clinical prevalence of virus–virus co-infections and how co-infections may influence vaccine responses. While experimental investigations into enteric virus co-infections have been limited, we highlight in vivo and in vitro models with exciting potential to investigate viral co-infections. Many features of virus–virus co-infection mechanisms in the intestine remain unclear, and further research will be critical.
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22
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Zhu X, Liu J, Liu H, Yang G. Soybean oligosaccharide, stachyose, and raffinose in broilers diets: effects on odor compound concentration and microbiota in cecal digesta. Poult Sci 2020; 99:3532-3539. [PMID: 32616249 PMCID: PMC7597845 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean oligosaccharides have been previously shown to be associated with the production of major odor-causing compounds in broilers, although little is known about the role of stachyose and raffinose, which are key components of soybean oligosaccharide, in broiler cecal microbiota and odor compound production. To this end, soybean oligosaccharide, stachyose, and raffinose were added to the birds' diets to investigate their effects on odor compound production and the microbial community characteristics of the cecum in broilers. A total of 300 one-day-old Arbor Acre broilers with similar initial live weight were randomly allocated into 5 dietary groups with 6 replicates of 10 birds. The diets included soybean meal (positive control), soybean meal-free (negative control), 0.6% soybean oligosaccharide, 0.6% stachyose, or 0.6% raffinose. After a 49-D feeding period, both ceca were aseptically removed postmortem, and the contents were collected and analyzed for skatole, indole, volatile fatty acids, and lactic acid by using high performance liquid chromatography. Bacterial communities were detected by using a high-throughput sequencing platform based on IlluminaMiSeq 2500. Levels of skatole and indole tended to be lower in the dietary supplementation of oligosaccharides. The lowest levels of skatole and indole were observed in the stachyose group (P < 0.05), while the highest levels were found in the negative control group (P < 0.05). Concentrations of acetic acid and propionic acid in the stachyose group were increased (P < 0.05) while those of butyric acid and lactic acid were decreased (P < 0.05) compared with the soybean oligosaccharide and raffinose groups. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were prevalent in all groups, the proportion of Bacteroidetes was slightly decreased in the stachyose group, and Verrucomicrobia was abundant in the raffinose group (P > 0.05). Bacterial genera Alistipes and Parabacteroides were comparably abundant in the stachyose group, while Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Akkermansia were more abundant in the negative control, stachyose, and raffinose groups, respectively. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that dietary oligosaccharide supplementation significantly reduced odor compound production by modulating the cecal microbial community. Compared with soybean oligosaccharide and raffinose, the addition of stachyose into diets may help improve gut fermentation and minimize odor compound generation in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jizhe Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Haiying Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Guiqin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
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23
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Cassotta M, Forbes-Hernández TY, Calderón Iglesias R, Ruiz R, Elexpuru Zabaleta M, Giampieri F, Battino M. Links between Nutrition, Infectious Diseases, and Microbiota: Emerging Technologies and Opportunities for Human-Focused Research. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1827. [PMID: 32575399 PMCID: PMC7353391 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between nutrition and human infectious diseases has always been recognized. With the emergence of molecular tools and post-genomics, high-resolution sequencing technologies, the gut microbiota has been emerging as a key moderator in the complex interplay between nutrients, human body, and infections. Much of the host-microbial and nutrition research is currently based on animals or simplistic in vitro models. Although traditional in vivo and in vitro models have helped to develop mechanistic hypotheses and assess the causality of the host-microbiota interactions, they often fail to faithfully recapitulate the complexity of the human nutrient-microbiome axis in gastrointestinal homeostasis and infections. Over the last decade, remarkable progress in tissue engineering, stem cell biology, microfluidics, sequencing technologies, and computing power has taken place, which has produced a new generation of human-focused, relevant, and predictive tools. These tools, which include patient-derived organoids, organs-on-a-chip, computational analyses, and models, together with multi-omics readouts, represent novel and exciting equipment to advance the research into microbiota, infectious diseases, and nutrition from a human-biology-based perspective. After considering some limitations of the conventional in vivo and in vitro approaches, in this review, we present the main novel available and emerging tools that are suitable for designing human-oriented research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Cassotta
- Centre for Nutrition and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico (UEA), 39001 Santander, Spain; (M.C.); (R.C.I.); (R.R.)
| | - Tamara Yuliett Forbes-Hernández
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science Group, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Ruben Calderón Iglesias
- Centre for Nutrition and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico (UEA), 39001 Santander, Spain; (M.C.); (R.C.I.); (R.R.)
| | - Roberto Ruiz
- Centre for Nutrition and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico (UEA), 39001 Santander, Spain; (M.C.); (R.C.I.); (R.R.)
| | - Maria Elexpuru Zabaleta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science Group, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science Group, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Oligosaccharides in goats' milk-based infant formula and their prebiotic and anti-infection properties. Br J Nutr 2020; 122:441-449. [PMID: 31196229 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451900134x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Human milk contains an abundant supply and diverse array of oligosaccharides that are known to impart significant health benefits to the nursing infant including establishment and maintenance of a healthy gut microflora, immune development and protection against gastrointestinal infections. When breastfeeding is not possible or insufficient, infant formulas are commonly used as an alternative. However, limited information is available about the presence of naturally occurring oligosaccharides in these infant formulas and their likely health benefits. The present study examined the presence of naturally occurring oligosaccharides in commercial goats' milk-based stage 1 and stage 2 infant formulas and their prebiotic and anti-infection properties. LC/MS was used to detect and quantify oligosaccharides and their prebiotic potential was assessed by their ability, at concentrations present in reconstituted ready-to-use infant formula, to promote the growth of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB12, B. longum BB536, Lactobacillus acidophilus 4461 and L. casei 2607 in vitro. For anti-infection properties, the ability of goat milk oligosaccharides to prevent the adhesion of Escherichia coli NCTC 10418 and a Salmonella typhimurium isolate to Caco-2 cells was investigated. The results showed the presence of fourteen quantifiable oligosaccharides in stage 1 and stage 2 goats' milk-based infant formula. This was similar to the number of oligosaccharides detected in the fresh goats' milk. Of these, five were structurally similar to those found in human milk. These oligosaccharides were shown to significantly enhance the growth of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli and reduce the adhesion of E. coli NCTC 10418 and S. typhimurium to Caco-2 cells. Together, these results suggest that oligosaccharides naturally present in goats' milk-based infant formula exhibit strong prebiotic and anti-pathogen adhesion properties and may confer gut health benefits to infants.
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Dudík B, Kiňová Sepová H, Bilka F, Pašková Ľ, Bilková A. Mucin pre-cultivated Lactobacillus reuteri E shows enhanced adhesion and increases mucin expression in HT-29 cells. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2020; 113:1191-1200. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-020-01426-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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26
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Coleman CM, Ferreira D. Oligosaccharides and Complex Carbohydrates: A New Paradigm for Cranberry Bioactivity. Molecules 2020; 25:E881. [PMID: 32079271 PMCID: PMC7070526 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cranberry is a well-known functional food, but the compounds directly responsible for many of its reported health benefits remain unidentified. Complex carbohydrates, specifically xyloglucan and pectic oligosaccharides, are the newest recognized class of biologically active compounds identified in cranberry materials. Cranberry oligosaccharides have shown similar biological properties as other dietary oligosaccharides, including effects on bacterial adhesion, biofilm formation, and microbial growth. Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity has also been observed. Oligosaccharides may therefore be significant contributors to many of the health benefits associated with cranberry products. Soluble oligosaccharides are present at relatively high concentrations (~20% w/w or greater) in many cranberry materials, and yet their possible contributions to biological activity have remained unrecognized. This is partly due to the inherent difficulty of detecting these compounds without intentionally seeking them. Inconsistencies in product descriptions and terminology have led to additional confusion regarding cranberry product composition and the possible presence of oligosaccharides. This review will present our current understanding of cranberry oligosaccharides and will discuss their occurrence, structures, ADME, biological properties, and possible prebiotic effects for both gut and urinary tract microbiota. Our hope is that future investigators will consider these compounds as possible significant contributors to the observed biological effects of cranberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Coleman
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, and the Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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27
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Chitosan and their derivatives: Antibiofilm drugs against pathogenic bacteria. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 185:110627. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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28
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Xi M, Yao Q, Ge W, Chen Y, Cao B, Wang Z, Cui X, Sun Q. Effects of stachyose on intestinal microbiota and immunity in mice infected with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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29
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Composition and isolation of goat cheese whey oligosaccharides by membrane technology. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 139:57-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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30
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Ghiamati Yazdi F, Soleimanian-Zad S, van den Worm E, Folkerts G. Turmeric Extract: Potential Use as a Prebiotic and Anti-Inflammatory Compound? PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 74:293-299. [PMID: 31098880 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-019-00733-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Prebiotics are regarded as the non-digestible food constituents that are selectively consumed by health-promoting bacteria (probiotics). In fact, a number of active metabolites is released due to intensive interaction between prebiotics and probiotics in the gut which exert local and systemic beneficial effects including regulation of intestinal disorders and modulation of host immunity. Turmeric is one of the most important medicinal herbaceous that is derived from Curcuma longa rhizome. Curcumin is a well-recognized component of turmeric which contributes to the prevention of multiple inflammatory diseases. Despite curcumin as a well-known compound, few researches have focused on the turmeric extract (TE) and its potential as prebiotic and anti-inflammatory compound. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prebiotic potential and some functional-structural properties of TE. The Fourier-transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum of TE showed identical peaks that belonged to β configuration in pyranose and glycosidic bonds. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed the presence of potent phenolic and flavonoid anti-oxidants and curcuminoids, and some functional monosaccharides. TE demonstrated excellent resistance to artificial human gastric and intestine juice compared to the standard prebiotic (inulin) (p ≤ 0.05). Interestingly, our time course experiment showed that TE not only is digested by probiotics including Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and Bifidobacterium animalis BB12, but also supports the growth of these bacteria even after 72 h (p ≤ 0.05). To our knowledge, this is the first report evaluating prebiotic potential of TE and exploring its suppressive effects on LPS induced IL-8 production in HT29-19A cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Ghiamati Yazdi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabihe Soleimanian-Zad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Edwin van den Worm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Wilkowska A, Nowak A, Antczak-Chrobot A, Motyl I, Czyżowska A, Paliwoda A. Structurally Different Pectic Oligosaccharides Produced from Apple Pomace and Their Biological Activity In Vitro. Foods 2019; 8:foods8090365. [PMID: 31454989 PMCID: PMC6769907 DOI: 10.3390/foods8090365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study set out to identify the composition and the biological activity of pectin-derived oligosaccharides (POS) generated from mild acid or enzymatic hydrolysis of apple pomace (AP). The effect of the polymerization of the structural units of POS contained in the AP hydrolysate on the growth and metabolism of microbiota from the human gastrointestinal tract and the adhesion of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or pathogens to human gut epithelial cells was investigated in vitro. Mild acid hydrolysis followed by pectinolysis with Rohapect MaPlusT yielded the highest concentration of POS. In contrast, pure enzymatic processing of the AP performed with a mixed preparation of cellulase and Rohapect MaPlusT resulted in 1.8-fold lower overall POS. The concentration of higher-order oligosaccharides (degree of polymerization (DP) 7–10), however, was 1.7-fold higher. The increased ratio of higher-order oligosaccharides caused an increase in the bifidogenic effect, as well as affecting the amount and nature of short-chain fatty acid produced. Inhibition of Enterobacteriaceae was also observed. The strongest stimulation of LAB adhesion to the human epithelial cells occurred in the presence of the preparation containing the highest concentration of higher-order oligosaccharides. The fecal bacteria and pathogens showed much weaker adhesion to intestinal cells in the presence of all the tested AP hydrolysates. Both of the tested POS preparations, containing structurally different oligosaccharides (DPs 2–10 with different ratios of higher-order oligosaccharides), have the potential to be used as prebiotics for humans and animals. They stimulate bowel colonization with lactic acid bacteria and inhibit the development of infections caused by pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Wilkowska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Łódź University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Adriana Nowak
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Łódź University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Aneta Antczak-Chrobot
- Institute of Technology and Analysis of Food, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Łódź University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Ilona Motyl
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Łódź University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Agata Czyżowska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Łódź University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Paliwoda
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Łódź University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
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32
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Piotrowski M, Wultańska D, Obuch-Woszczatyński P, Pituch H. Fructooligosaccharides and mannose affect Clostridium difficile adhesion and biofilm formation in a concentration-dependent manner. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 38:1975-1984. [PMID: 31363870 PMCID: PMC6778530 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03635-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects that prebiotic and candidates for prebiotics on Clostridium difficile strains to adhere to various human epithelial cell lines and to compare the adhesive properties of specific C. difficile strains. We also sought to examine the effect of different concentrations of fructooligosaccharides and mannose on the formation of biofilms by C. difficile strains. The influence of cellobiose, fructooligosaccharides, inulin, mannose, and raffinose on the adherence properties of various C. difficile strains, including motile 630, non-motile M120, and 10 clinical motile ribotype 027 strains, to non-mucous secreting HT-29, mucous secreting HT-29 MXT, and CCD 841 CoN cells lines. The most effective prebiotics were used in biofilm formation assays. We demonstrated that all C. difficile strains adhered to all cell lines. However, the C. difficile M120 non-motile strain was statistically more likely to adhere to all three cell lines (CFU median, 40) compared to the motile strains (CFU median, 3; p < 0.001). Furthermore, among the carbohydrates examined, only fructooligosaccharides and mannose were found to significantly decrease adhesion (p < 0.001) of C. difficile strains. Alternatively, using a biofilm assay, we observed, via confocal laser scanning microscopy, that sub-inhibitory concentrations (1%) of fructooligosaccharides and mannose functioned to increase biofilm formation by C. difficile. We demonstrated that specific prebiotics and candidate prebiotics exhibit varying anti-adhesive properties towards C. difficile in vitro and that treatment with sub-inhibitory concentrations of prebiotics can cause an increase in biofilm formation by C. difficile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Piotrowski
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Wultańska
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Hanna Pituch
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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33
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Iraporda C, Rubel IA, Manrique GD, Abraham AG. Influence of inulin rich carbohydrates from Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tubers on probiotic properties of Lactobacillus strains. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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34
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Pearce SC, Coia HG, Karl JP, Pantoja-Feliciano IG, Zachos NC, Racicot K. Intestinal in vitro and ex vivo Models to Study Host-Microbiome Interactions and Acute Stressors. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1584. [PMID: 30483150 PMCID: PMC6240795 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is extremely important for maintaining homeostasis with host intestinal epithelial, neuronal, and immune cells and this host-microbe interaction is critical during times of stress or disease. Environmental, nutritional, and cognitive stress are just a few factors known to influence the gut microbiota and are thought to induce microbial dysbiosis. Research on this bidirectional relationship as it pertains to health and disease is extensive and rapidly expanding in both in vivo and in vitro/ex vivo models. However, far less work has been devoted to studying effects of host-microbe interactions on acute stressors and performance, the underlying mechanisms, and the modulatory effects of different stressors on both the host and the microbiome. Additionally, the use of in vitro/ex vivo models to study the gut microbiome and human performance has not been researched extensively nor reviewed. Therefore, this review aims to examine current evidence concerning the current status of in vitro and ex vivo host models, the impact of acute stressors on gut physiology/microbiota as well as potential impacts on human performance and how we can parlay this information for DoD relevance as well as the broader scientific community. Models reviewed include widely utilized intestinal cell models from human and animal models that have been applied in the past for stress or microbiology research as well as ex vivo organ/tissue culture models and new innovative models including organ-on-a-chip and co-culture models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Pearce
- Performance Nutrition Team, Combat Feeding Directorate, Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, Natick, MA, United States
| | - Heidi G Coia
- National Research Council, The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC, United States.,711th Human Performance Wing, Airforce Research Laboratory, Airman Systems Directorate, Human-Centered ISR Division, Molecular Mechanisms Branch, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - J P Karl
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States
| | - Ida G Pantoja-Feliciano
- Soldier Protection and Optimization Directorate, Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, Natick, MA, United States
| | - Nicholas C Zachos
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kenneth Racicot
- Performance Nutrition Team, Combat Feeding Directorate, Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, Natick, MA, United States
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Adhesion-Related Immunomodulatory Activity of the Screened Lactobacillus plantarum from Sichuan Pickle. Curr Microbiol 2018; 76:29-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-018-1580-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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36
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Zhong XF, Zhang YB, Huang GD, Ouyang YZ, Liao DJ, Peng JW, Huang WZ. Proteomic analysis of stachyose contribution to the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus CICC22162. Food Funct 2018; 9:2979-2988. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00528a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stachyose is a functional oligosaccharide, acting as a potential prebiotic for colonic fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-feng Zhong
- Department of Food Science
- Foshan University
- Foshan 528231
- China
- Foshan Engineering Research Center for Brewing Technology
| | - Yu-bo Zhang
- Department of Food Science
- Foshan University
- Foshan 528231
- China
- Foshan Engineering Research Center for Brewing Technology
| | - Gui-dong Huang
- Department of Food Science
- Foshan University
- Foshan 528231
- China
- Foshan Engineering Research Center for Brewing Technology
| | - Yong-zhong Ouyang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Foshan University
- Foshan 528231
- China
| | | | - Jia-wei Peng
- Department of Food Science
- Foshan University
- Foshan 528231
- China
- Foshan Engineering Research Center for Brewing Technology
| | - Wei-zhi Huang
- Department of Food Science
- Foshan University
- Foshan 528231
- China
- Foshan Engineering Research Center for Brewing Technology
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37
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Okochi M, Sugita T, Asai Y, Tanaka M, Honda H. Screening of peptides associated with adhesion and aggregation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in vitro. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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38
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Huynh TG, Shiu YL, Nguyen TP, Truong QP, Chen JC, Liu CH. Current applications, selection, and possible mechanisms of actions of synbiotics in improving the growth and health status in aquaculture: A review. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 64:367-382. [PMID: 28336489 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Synbiotics, a conjunction between prebiotics and probiotics, have been used in aquaculture for over 10 years. However, the mechanisms of how synbiotics work as growth and immunity promoters are far from being unraveled. Here, we show that a prebiotic as part of a synbiotic is hydrolyzed to mono- or disaccharides as the sole carbon source with diverse mechanisms, thereby increasing biomass and colonization that is established by specific crosstalk between probiotic bacteria and the surface of intestinal epithelial cells of the host. Synbiotics may indirectly and directly promote the growth of aquatic animals through releasing extracellular bacterial enzymes and bioactive products from synbiotic metabolic processes. These compounds may activate precursors of digestive enzymes of the host and augment the nutritional absorptive ability that contributes to the efficacy of food utilization. In fish immune systems, synbiotics cause intestinal epithelial cells to secrete cytokines which modulate immune functional cells as of dendritic cells, T cells, and B cells, and induce the ability of lipopolysaccharides to trigger tumor necrosis factor-α and Toll-like receptor 2 gene transcription leading to increased respiratory burst activity, phagocytosis, and nitric oxide production. In shellfish, synbiotics stimulate the proliferation and degranulation of hemocytes of shrimp due to the presence of bacterial cell walls. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns are subsequently recognized and bound by specific pattern-recognition proteins, triggering melanization and phagocytosis processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truong-Giang Huynh
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan, ROC; College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, CanTho University, CanTho, Viet Nam
| | - Ya-Li Shiu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | - Quoc-Phu Truong
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, CanTho University, CanTho, Viet Nam
| | - Jiann-Chu Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Hung Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan, ROC.
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Gunning AP, Kavanaugh D, Thursby E, Etzold S, MacKenzie DA, Juge N. Use of Atomic Force Microscopy to Study the Multi-Modular Interaction of Bacterial Adhesins to Mucins. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111854. [PMID: 27834807 PMCID: PMC5133854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucus layer covering the gastrointestinal (GI) epithelium is critical in selecting and maintaining homeostatic interactions with our gut bacteria. However, the molecular details of these interactions are not well understood. Here, we provide mechanistic insights into the adhesion properties of the canonical mucus-binding protein (MUB), a large multi-repeat cell–surface adhesin found in Lactobacillus inhabiting the GI tract. We used atomic force microscopy to unravel the mechanism driving MUB-mediated adhesion to mucins. Using single-molecule force spectroscopy we showed that MUB displayed remarkable adhesive properties favouring a nanospring-like adhesion model between MUB and mucin mediated by unfolding of the multiple repeats constituting the adhesin. We obtained direct evidence for MUB self-interaction; MUB–MUB followed a similar binding pattern, confirming that MUB modular structure mediated such mechanism. This was in marked contrast with the mucin adhesion behaviour presented by Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a mammalian lectin characterised by a single carbohydrate binding domain (CRD). The binding mechanisms reported here perfectly match the particular structural organization of MUB, which maximizes interactions with the mucin glycan receptors through its long and linear multi-repeat structure, potentiating the retention of bacteria within the outer mucus layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Patrick Gunning
- The Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Devon Kavanaugh
- The Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Elizabeth Thursby
- The Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Sabrina Etzold
- The Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
- Division of Neonatology and Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093-0715, USA.
| | - Donald A MacKenzie
- The Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Nathalie Juge
- The Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
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