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Abreu MC, Conrad NL, Gonçalves VS, Leite FPL. Bacillus toyonensis amplifies the immunogenicity of an experimental recombinant tetanus vaccine in horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2024; 140:105135. [PMID: 38914241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Probiotic microorganisms can stimulate an immune response and increase the efficiency of vaccines. For example, Bacillus toyonensis is a nonpathogenic, Gram-positive bacterium that has been used as a probiotic in animal supplementation. It induces immunomodulatory effects and increases the vaccine response in several species. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of B. toyonensis supplementation on the modulation of the immune response in horses vaccinated with recombinant Clostridium tetani toxin. Twenty horses were vaccinated twice, with an interval of 21 days between doses, and equally divided into two groups: the first group was supplemented orally for 42 days with feed containing viable spores of B. toyonensis (1 × 108) mixed with molasses (40 ml), starting 7 days before the first vaccination; the second (control) group received only feed mixed with molasses, starting 7 days before the first vaccination. Serum samples were collected to evaluate the humoral immune response using an in-house indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected to evaluate cytokine transcription (qPCR). For the specific IgG-anti-rTENT titer, the supplemented group had ELISA values that were four times higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05). The supplemented group also showed higher ELISA values for the IgGa and IgGT sub-isotypes compared to the control group. In PBMCs stimulated with B. toyonensis, relative cytokine transcription of the supplemented group showed 15-, 8-, 7-, and 6-fold increases for IL1, TNFα, IL10 and IL4, respectively. When stimulated with a vaccine antigen, the supplemented group showed 1.6-, 1.8-, and 0.5-fold increases in IL1, TNFα, and IL4, respectively, compared to the control group. Horses supplemented with B. toyonensis had a significantly improved vaccine immune response compared to those in the control group, which suggests a promising approach for improving vaccine efficacy with probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Caetano Abreu
- Departament of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Neida Lucia Conrad
- Center for Technological Development, Biotecnology, Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vitória Sequeira Gonçalves
- Center for Technological Development, Biotecnology, Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fábio Pereira Leivas Leite
- Departament of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Center for Technological Development, Biotecnology, Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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2
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Motta JF, Ferreira MRA, Waller SB, Rodrigues RR, Donassolo RA, Moreira Júnior C, Alves MLF, Feijó FD, Conceição FR. Immunogenicity of a pentavalent recombinant Escherichiacoli bacterin against enterotoxemia and botulism in sheep. Anaerobe 2024; 89:102895. [PMID: 39122140 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Producing commercial bacterins/toxoids against Clostridium spp. is laborious and hazardous. Conversely, developing prototype vaccines using purified recombinant toxoids, though safe and effective, is both laborious and costly for application in production animals. OBJECTIVE Considering that inactivated recombinant Escherichiacoli (bacterin) is a simple, cost-effective, and to be safe solution, we evaluated, for the first time, a pentavalent formulation of recombinant bacterins containing the alpha, beta, and epsilon toxins of Clostridiumperfringens and C and D neurotoxins of Clostridiumbotulinum in sheep. METHODS Subcutaneously, 18 Texel sheep received two doses (200 μg of each antigen) of recombinant bacterin (n = 7) or purified recombinant antigens (n = 6) on days 0 and 28, while the control group (n = 5) did not receive an immunization. Sera samples from days 0 (before the 1st dose), 28 (before the 2nd dose), and 56, 84, and 112 were used for measuring IgG (indirect ELISA) and neutralizing antibodies (mouse serum neutralization). RESULTS Both formulations induced significant levels of IgG against all five toxins (p < 0.05) up to day 112, with peaks at days 28 and 56 post-immunization. The expected booster effect occurred only for the botulinum toxins. The neutralizing antibody titers were satisfactory against ETX (≥2 IU/ml for both formulations) and BoNT-D [5 IU/ml (bacterin) and 10 IU/ml (purified)]. CONCLUSION While adjustments are required, the recombinant bacterin platform holds great potential for polyvalent vaccines due to its straightforward, safe, and cost-effective production, establishing it as a user-friendly technology for the veterinary immunobiological industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Freitas Motta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcos Roberto A Ferreira
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Stefanie Bressan Waller
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Rodrigues
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Amaral Donassolo
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Clóvis Moreira Júnior
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariliana Luiza Ferreira Alves
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Instituto Federal Sul-rio-grandense (IFSul), Campus Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Dornelles Feijó
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Rochedo Conceição
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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3
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Tapajóz RCDS, Santos FDS, de Oliveira NR, Maia MAC, Seixas Neto ACP, Maiocchi LDV, Souza PHFC, Oliveira TL, Dellagostin OA. Chimeric lipoproteins for leptospirosis vaccine: immunogenicity and protective potential. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:424. [PMID: 39037584 PMCID: PMC11263434 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Leptospirosis, a neglected zoonotic disease, is caused by pathogenic spirochetes belonging to the genus Leptospira and has one of the highest morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Vaccination stands out as one of the most effective preventive measures for susceptible populations. Within the outer membrane of Leptospira spp., we find the LIC12287, LIC11711, and LIC13259 lipoproteins. These are of interest due to their surface location and potential immunogenicity. Thorough examination revealed the conservation of these proteins among pathogenic Leptospira spp.; we mapped the distribution of T- and B-cell epitopes along their sequences and assessed the 3D structures of each protein. This information aided in selecting immunodominant regions for the development of a chimeric protein. Through gene synthesis, we successfully constructed a chimeric protein, which was subsequently expressed, purified, and characterized. Hamsters were immunized with the chimeric lipoprotein, formulated with adjuvants aluminum hydroxide, EMULSIGEN®-D, Sigma Adjuvant System®, and Montanide™ ISA206VG. Another group was vaccinated with an inactivated Escherichia coli bacterin expressing the chimeric protein. Following vaccination, hamsters were challenged with a virulent L. interrogans strain. Our evaluation of the humoral immune response revealed the production of IgG antibodies, detectable 28 days after the second dose, in contrast to pre-immune samples and control groups. This demonstrates the potential of the chimeric protein to elicit a robust humoral immune response; however, no protection against challenge was achieved. While this study provides valuable insights into the subject, further research is warranted to identify protective antigens that could be utilized in the development of a leptospirosis vaccine. KEY POINTS: • Several T- and B-cell epitopes were identified in all the three proteins. • Four different adjuvants were used in vaccine formulations. • Immunization stimulated significant levels of IgG2/3 in vaccinated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mara Andrade Colares Maia
- Biotechnology Center, Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Laura de Vargas Maiocchi
- Biotechnology Center, Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Thaís Larré Oliveira
- Biotechnology Center, Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Odir Antônio Dellagostin
- Biotechnology Center, Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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Moreira C, Rodrigues RR, da Cunha CEP, Donassolo RA, Ferreira MRA, Finger PF, Oliveira HGS, da Cruz KP, Moreira ÂN, Salvarani FM, Conceição FR. Evaluation of long-term immune response in cattle to botulism using a recombinant E. coli bacterin formulated with Montanide™ ISA 50 and aluminum hydroxide adjuvants. Microb Pathog 2024; 189:106596. [PMID: 38395317 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Botulism is a severe disease caused by potent botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) produced by Clostridium botulinum. This disease is associated with high-lethality outbreaks in cattle, which have been linked to the ingestion of preformed BoNT serotypes C and D, emphasizing the need for effective vaccines. The potency of current commercial toxoids (formaldehyde-inactivated BoNTs) is assured through tests in guinea pigs according to government regulatory guidelines, but their short-term immunity raises concerns. Recombinant vaccines containing the receptor-binding domain have demonstrated potential for eliciting robust protective immunity. Previous studies have demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of recombinant E. coli bacterin, eliciting high titers of neutralizing antibodies against C. botulinum and C. perfringens in target animal species. In this study, neutralizing antibody titers in cattle and the long-term immune response against BoNT/C and D were used to assess the efficacy of the oil-based adjuvant compared with that of the aluminum hydroxide adjuvant in cattle. The vaccine formulation containing Montanide™ ISA 50 yielded significantly higher titers of neutralizing antibody against BoNT/C and D (8.64 IU/mL and 9.6 IU/mL, respectively) and induced an immune response that lasted longer than the response induced by aluminum, extending between 30 and 60 days. This approach represents a straightforward, cost-effective strategy for recombinant E. coli bacterin, enhancing both the magnitude and duration of the immune response to botulism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clovis Moreira
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96160-000, Brazil.
| | - Rafael R Rodrigues
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos E P da Cunha
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Rafael A Donassolo
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Marcos R A Ferreira
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Paula F Finger
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 97508-000, Brazil
| | - Hanna G S Oliveira
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal, Pará, CEP 68740-970, Brazil
| | - Karoline P da Cruz
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal, Pará, CEP 68740-970, Brazil
| | - Ângela N Moreira
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Felipe M Salvarani
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal, Pará, CEP 68740-970, Brazil
| | - Fabricio R Conceição
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96160-000, Brazil
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Mbhele Z, Thwala L, Khoza T, Ramagoma F. Evaluation of Aluminium Hydroxide Nanoparticles as an Efficient Adjuvant to Potentiate the Immune Response against Clostridium botulinum Serotypes C and D Toxoid Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1473. [PMID: 37766149 PMCID: PMC10535070 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11091473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium botulinum serotypes C and D cause botulism in livestock, a neuroparalytic disease that results in substantial economic losses. Vaccination with aluminium-based toxoid vaccines is widely used to control the spread of botulism. Aluminium-based adjuvants are preferred owing to their apparent stimulation of the immune responses to toxoid vaccines when compared to other adjuvants. The aim of our study was to evaluate aluminium hydroxide nanoparticles as a potential substitute for alhydrogel in the botulism bivalent vaccine. Botulism vaccines were formulated with either alhydrogel or nanoalum and comparative efficacy between the two formulations was conducted by evaluating the immune response in vaccinated guinea pigs. A significant increase in immunological parameters was observed, with the antibody titres higher in the serum of guinea pigs (20 IU/mL of anti-BoNT C/D) injected with nanoalum-containing vaccine than guinea pigs inoculated with the standard alhydrogel-containing vaccine (8.7 IU/mL and 10 IU/mL of anti-BoNT C and anti-BoNT D, respectively). Additionally, the nanoalum-containing vaccine demonstrated potency in a multivalent vaccine (20 IU/mL of anti-BoNT C/D), while the standard alhydrogel-containing vaccine showed a decline in anti-BoNT C (5 IU/mL) antibody titres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziphezinhle Mbhele
- Onderstepoort Biological Products, 100 Old Soutpan Road, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; (Z.M.); (L.T.)
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa;
| | - Lungile Thwala
- Onderstepoort Biological Products, 100 Old Soutpan Road, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; (Z.M.); (L.T.)
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, National Laser Centre, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Thandeka Khoza
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa;
| | - Faranani Ramagoma
- Onderstepoort Biological Products, 100 Old Soutpan Road, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; (Z.M.); (L.T.)
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Alves MLF, Ferreira MRA, Rodrigues RR, Conceição FR. Clostridium haemolyticum, a review of beta toxin and insights into the antigen design for vaccine development. Mol Immunol 2022; 148:45-53. [PMID: 35665660 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipases C (PLCs) represent an important group of lethal toxins produced by pathogenic bacteria of the Clostridium genus, including the beta toxin of C. haemolyticum. Bacillary hemoglobinuria in cattle and sheep is the main disease caused by this pathogen and its incidence can be reduced by annual vaccination of herds. Currently, widely used vaccines depend on cultivating the pathogen and obtaining high concentrations of the toxin, disadvantages that can be overcome with the use of recombinant vaccines. In the development of this new generation of immunizing agents, identifying and understanding the structural and immunological aspects of the antigen are crucial steps, but despite this, the beta toxin is poorly characterized. Fortunately, the time and resources required for these investigations can be reduced using immunoinformatics. To advance the development of recombinant vaccines, in addition to a brief review of the structural and immunological aspects of beta toxin, this work provides in silico mapping of immunodominant regions to guide future vaccinology studies against C. haemolyticum. A review of alternatives to overcome the limitations of beta toxin vaccines (conventional or recombinant) is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariliana Luiza Ferreira Alves
- Instituto Federal Sul-rio-grandense - IFSUL, Praça Vinte de Setembro, 455, Centro, Pelotas CEP 96.015-360, RS, Brazil; Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, CP 354, Pelotas CEP 96.160-000, RS, Brazil.
| | - Marcos Roberto Alves Ferreira
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, CP 354, Pelotas CEP 96.160-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Rodrigues
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, CP 354, Pelotas CEP 96.160-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Rochedo Conceição
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, CP 354, Pelotas CEP 96.160-000, RS, Brazil
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Recombinant Escherichia coli Cell Lysates as a Low-Cost Alternative for Vaccines Against Veterinary Clostridial Diseases. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2411:105-115. [PMID: 34816401 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1888-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This chapter describes a practical, industry-friendly, and efficient vaccine protocol based on the use of Escherichia coli cell fractions (inclusion bodies or cell lysate supernatant) containing the recombinant antigen. This approach was characterized and evaluated in laboratory and farm animals by the seroneutralization assay in mice, thereby showing to be an excellent alternative to induce a protective immune response against clostridial diseases.
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PENG X, LI X, PENG G, FENG L, JIANG Y, LUO Y. Recombinant unpurified rETX H106P/ CTB-rETX Y196E protects rabbits against Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:441-446. [PMID: 33551442 PMCID: PMC8025428 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epsilon toxin (ETX), produced by Clostridium perfringens types B and D, has been touted as a potential biological weapon and is known to induce fatal enterotoxemia in a variety of livestock animals. For the efficient production of recombinant proteins with the objective of investigating the effects of different recombinant vaccines against ETX, a bicistronic design (BCD) expression system including the ETX coding sequence with mutation of amino acid 106 from Histidine to Proline (ETXH106P) in the first cistron, followed by Cholera Toxin B (CTB) linked with the ETX coding sequence with mutation of amino acid 196 from Tyrosine to Glutamic acid (ETXY196E) in the second cistron, was generated under the control of a single promoter. Rabbits were immunized twice with five inactivated recombinant Escherichia coli (E. coli) vaccines containing 100 µg/ml of the recombinant mutant rETXH106P/CTB-rETXY196E proteins mixed with different adjuvants. Apart from rETXH106P/CTB-rETXY196E-IMS1313-vaccinated rabbits, the neutralizing antibody titers of rETXH106P/CTB-rETXY196E-vaccinated rabbits were higher after the initial immunization than those administered the ETX toxoid or current commercial vaccines. rETXH106P/CTB-rETXY196E mixed with ISA201 induced the highest neutralizing antibody titer of 120 after the first immunization, suggesting that 0.1 ml of pooled sera could neutralize 120× mouse LD100 (100% lethal dose) of ETX. Following the second vaccination, rETXH106P/CTB-rETXY196E mixed with ISA201 or GR208 produced the highest neutralizing titer of 800. Rabbits from all vaccinated groups were completely protected from a 2× rabbit LD100 of ETX challenge. These results show that these novel recombinant proteins can induce a strong immune response and represent potential targets for the development of a commercial vaccine against the C. perfringens epsilon toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing PENG
- Department of Bacterial Biologics, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, No. 8 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100-081,
China
| | - Xuni LI
- Department of Bacterial Biologics, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, No. 8 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100-081,
China
| | - Guorui PENG
- Department of Bacterial Biologics, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, No. 8 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100-081,
China
| | - Lifang FENG
- Beijing Zhonghai Biotech Co., Ltd., No. 8 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100-081, China
| | - Yuwen JIANG
- Department of Bacterial Biologics, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, No. 8 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100-081,
China
| | - Yufeng LUO
- Department of Bacterial Biologics, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, No. 8 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100-081,
China
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Rodrigues RR, Alves Ferreira MR, Donassolo RA, Ferreira Alves ML, Motta JF, Junior CM, Salvarani FM, Moreira AN, Conceicao FR. Evaluation of the expression and immunogenicity of four versions of recombinant Clostridium perfringens beta toxin designed by bioinformatics tools. Anaerobe 2021; 69:102326. [PMID: 33508438 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Beta toxins (CPB) produced by Clostridium perfringens type B and C cause various diseases in animals, and the use of toxoids is an important prophylactic measure against such diseases. Promising recombinant toxoids have been developed recently. However, both soluble and insoluble proteins expressed in Escherichia coli can interfere with the production and immunogenicity of these antigens. In this context, bioinformatics tools have been used to design new versions of the beta toxin, and levels of expression and solubility were evaluated in different strains of E. coli. The immunogenicity in sheep was assessed using the molecule with the greatest potential that was selected on analyzing these results. In silico analyzes, greater mRNA stability (-169.70 kcal/mol), solubility (-0.755), and better tertiary structure (-0.12) were shown by rCPB-C. None of the strains of E. coli expressed rFH8-CPB, but a high level of expression and solubility was shown by rCPB-C. Higher levels of total and neutralizing anti-CPB antibodies were observed in sheep inoculated with bacterins containing rCPB-C. Thus, this study suggests that due to higher productivity of rCPB-C in E. coli and immunogenicity, it is considered as the most promising molecule for the production of a recombinant vaccine against diseases caused by the beta toxin produced by C. perfringens type B and C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rafael Amaral Donassolo
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico/Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariliana Luiza Ferreira Alves
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico/Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Instituto Federal Sul-rio-grandense, IFSul, Campus Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Freitas Motta
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico/Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Clovis Moreira Junior
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico/Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Masiero Salvarani
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Castanhal, CEP 68740-970, Pará, Brazil
| | - Angela Nunes Moreira
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico/Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Barros de Pinho R, de Oliveira Silva MT, Brenner G, Dié Alves MS, Azevedo V, Dias Portela R, Borsuk S. A novel approach for an immunogen against Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection: An Escherichia coli bacterin expressing phospholipase D. Microb Pathog 2021; 151:104746. [PMID: 33485993 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is the causative agent of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) in small ruminants. There is still needed an immunoprophylaxis model, which induces a protective and sustained immune response against the bacteria. In this study, we evaluated a recombinant Escherichia coli bacterin expressing the recombinant phospholipase D (rPLD) protein, the most relevant virulence factor of C. pseudotuberculosis, as a potential vaccine formulation. E. coli BL21 (DE3) Star strain was used for rPLD protein expression and was then inactivated by formaldehyde. Four groups with 10 Balb/c mice each were immunized twice within a 21 days interval: G1-control - 0.9% saline solution; G2- E. coli bacterin/pAE (naked plasmid); G3- E. coli bacterin/pAE/pld; G4-purified recombinant rPLD. Subsequently, the animals were challenged with a C. pseudotuberculosis virulent strain and evaluated for 40 days. The highest survival rate was observed for G3 with 40% protection, followed by 30% in the purified rPLD group (G4). These two groups also showed considerable IgG production when compared with the control group (G1). Also, a higher significant expression of interferon-γ was observed for the experimental groups G2, G3, and G4 when compared with a control group (G1) (p < 0.05). These results represent that a recombinant bacterin can be seen as a promising approach for vaccinal antigens against CLA, being possible to be used in association of different vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Barros de Pinho
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto-Parasitária, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Mara Thais de Oliveira Silva
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto-Parasitária, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Brenner
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto-Parasitária, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Mirna Samara Dié Alves
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto-Parasitária, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Dias Portela
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, UFBA, Salvador, BA, 40140-100, Brazil
| | - Sibele Borsuk
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto-Parasitária, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil.
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11
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Donassolo RA, Ferreira MRA, Moreira C, Dos Santos LM, Griep E, Moreira GMSG, Rodrigues RR, Moreira ÂN, Conceição FR. Formaldehyde effects on kanamycin resistance gene of inactivated recombinant Escherichia coli vaccines. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:2223-2230. [PMID: 32500473 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02929-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Earlier studies have demonstrated the use of inactivated recombinant E. coli (bacterins), to protect against Clostridium spp. in vaccinated animals. These bacterins have a simpler, safer, and faster production process. However, these bacterins carry expression plasmids, containing antibiotic resistance gene, which could be assimilate accidentally by environmental microorganisms. Considering this, we aimed to impair this plasmids using formaldehyde at different concentrations. RESULTS This compound inactivated the highest density of cells in 24 h. KanR cassette amplification was found to be impaired with 0.8% for 24 h or 0.4% for 72 h. Upon electroporation, E. coli DH5α ultracompetent cells were unable to acquire the plasmids extracted from the bacterins after inactivation procedure. Formaldehyde-treated bacterins were incubated with other viable strains of E. coli, leading to no detectable gene transfer. CONCLUSIONS We found that this compound is effective as an inactivation agent. Here we demonstrate the biosafety involving antibiotic resistance gene of recombinant E. coli vaccines allowing to industrial production and animal application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael A Donassolo
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Pelotas, Brasil.
| | - Marcos Roberto A Ferreira
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Pelotas, Brasil
| | - Clóvis Moreira
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Pelotas, Brasil
| | - Lucas M Dos Santos
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Pelotas, Brasil
| | - Emili Griep
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Pelotas, Brasil
| | - Gustavo M S G Moreira
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie , Spielmannstr, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rafael R Rodrigues
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie , Spielmannstr, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ângela N Moreira
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Pelotas, Brasil
| | - Fabricio R Conceição
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Pelotas, Brasil
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12
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Otaka DY, Barbosa JD, de Souza LA, Moreira C, Ferreira MRA, Donassolo RA, Conceição FR, Salvarani FM. Recombinant vaccine against botulism in buffaloes: Evaluation of the humoral immune response over 12 months. Anaerobe 2020; 63:102201. [PMID: 32247696 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Botulism is a neuroparalytic intoxication, usually fatal, caused by the botulinum toxins (BoNTs). Vaccination is the best-known strategy to prevent this disease in ruminants. Serotypes C and D and their variants CD and DC are the main types responsible for botulism in bovine and buffaloes in Brazil and cattle in Japan and Europe. Brazil has a herd of approximately 1.39 million buffaloes and is the largest producer in the Western world. This study aimed to assess the humoral immune response of buffaloes during the 12-month period after vaccination against BoNT serotypes C and D with a recombinant vaccine in three different concentrations (100, 200, and 400 μg) of non-purified recombinant proteins (Vrec) and also with a bivalent commercial toxoid (Vcom). Vrec400 was the best vaccine among those tested because it induced higher levels of antibodies and maintained higher levels of antibodies for the longest time, while Vrec200 could be considered the most cost-effective vaccine for large-scale production. None of the vaccines were able to promote continuous immunological protection within the timeframe proposed by the current Brazilian vaccination protocol. Further studies should focus on vaccine adjustments to ensure continued humoral protection against botulism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Y Otaka
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, BR 316 Km 61, Saudade II, Cristo Redentor, Castanhal, 68740-910, PA, Brazil.
| | - José D Barbosa
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, BR 316 Km 61, Saudade II, Cristo Redentor, Castanhal, 68740-910, PA, Brazil.
| | - Loise A de Souza
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, BR 316 Km 61, Saudade II, Cristo Redentor, Castanhal, 68740-910, PA, Brazil.
| | - Clóvis Moreira
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96160-000, RS, Brazil.
| | - Marcos R A Ferreira
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96160-000, RS, Brazil.
| | - Rafael A Donassolo
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96160-000, RS, Brazil.
| | - Fabrício R Conceição
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96160-000, RS, Brazil.
| | - Felipe M Salvarani
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, BR 316 Km 61, Saudade II, Cristo Redentor, Castanhal, 68740-910, PA, Brazil.
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13
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Moreira C, Ferreira MRA, Finger PF, Magalhães CG, Cunha CEP, Rodrigues RR, Otaka DY, Galvão CC, Salvarani FM, Moreira ÂN, Conceição FR. Protective efficacy of recombinant bacterin vaccine against botulism in cattle. Vaccine 2020; 38:2519-2526. [PMID: 32037222 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Botulism is a paralytic disease caused by the intoxication of neurotoxins produced by Clostridium botulinum. Among the seven immunologically distinct serotypes of neurotoxins (BoNTs A - G), serotypes C and D, or a chimeric fusion termed C/D or D/C, are responsible for animal botulism. The most effective way to prevent botulism in cattle is through vaccination; however, the commercially available vaccines produced by detoxification of native neurotoxins are time-consuming and hazardous. To overcome these drawbacks, a non-toxic recombinant vaccine was developed as an alternative. In this study, the recombinant protein vaccine was produced using an Escherichia coli cell-based system. The formaldehyde-inactivated E. coli is able to induce 7.45 ± 1.77 and 6.6 ± 1.28 IU/mL neutralizing mean titers against BoNTs C and D in cattle, respectively, determined by mouse neutralization bioassay, and was deemed protective by the Brazilian legislation. Moreover, when the levels of anti-BoNT/C and D were compared with those achieved by the recombinant purified vaccines, no significant statistical difference was observed. Cattle vaccinated with the commercial vaccine developed 1.33 and 3.33 IU/mL neutralizing mean titers against BoNT serotypes C and D, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report on recombinant E. coli bacterin vaccine against botulism. The vaccine was safe and effective in generating protective antibodies and, thus, represents an industry-friendly alternative for the prevention of cattle botulism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clóvis Moreira
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Marcos R A Ferreira
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Paula F Finger
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Carolina G Magalhães
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos E P Cunha
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Rafael R Rodrigues
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Denis Y Otaka
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal, Pará, CEP 68740-970, Brazil
| | - Cleideanny C Galvão
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal, Pará, CEP 68740-970, Brazil
| | - Felipe M Salvarani
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal, Pará, CEP 68740-970, Brazil
| | - Ângela N Moreira
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Fabricio R Conceição
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96160-000, Brazil.
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14
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Ferreira MRA, Motta JF, Azevedo ML, Dos Santos LM, Júnior CM, Rodrigues RR, Donassolo RA, Reis ADSB, Barbosa JD, Salvarani FM, Moreira ÂN, Conceição FR. Inactivated recombinant Escherichia coli as a candidate vaccine against Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin in sheep. Anaerobe 2019; 59:163-166. [PMID: 31299397 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens type A is the causative agent of gas gangrene and gastroenteric ("yellow lamb disease") disease in ruminants, with C. perfringens alpha toxin (CPA) being the main virulence factor in the pathogenesis of these illnesses. In the present study, we have developed recombinant Escherichia coli bacteria expressing rCPA and used it to vaccinate rabbits and sheep. Doses of up to 200 μg of rCPA used for inoculation, induced 13.82 IU.mL-1 of neutralizing antitoxin in rabbits, which is three times higher than that recommended by the USDA (4 IU.mL-1). In sheep, recombinant bacteria induced antitoxin titers of 4 IU.mL-1, 56 days after the first dose. rCPA which was expressed, mainly, in inclusion bodies, was not found to influence the immunogenicity of the vaccine. The recombinant Escherichia coli bacterin, produced simply and safely, is capable of affording protection against diseases caused by C. perfringens CPA. The current findings represent a novel production method for CPA vaccines potentially applicable to veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Roberto A Ferreira
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96160-000, Brazil.
| | - Jaqueline F Motta
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Morgana L Azevedo
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Lucas M Dos Santos
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Clóvis Moreira Júnior
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Rafael R Rodrigues
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Rafael A Donassolo
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96160-000, Brazil
| | | | - José D Barbosa
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal, Pará, CEP 68740-970, Brazil
| | - Felipe M Salvarani
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal, Pará, CEP 68740-970, Brazil
| | - Ângela N Moreira
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Fabricio R Conceição
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96160-000, Brazil
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15
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Immunogenicity of Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin recombinant bacterin in rabbit and ruminants. Vaccine 2018; 36:7589-7592. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.10.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Immunogenicity of a Bivalent Non-Purified Recombinant Vaccine against Botulism in Cattle. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10100381. [PMID: 30241350 PMCID: PMC6215264 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10100381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Botulism is a potentially fatal intoxication caused by botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) produced mainly by Clostridium botulinum. Vaccination against BoNT serotypes C and D is the main procedure to control cattle botulism. Current vaccines contain formaldehyde-inactivated native BoNTs, which have a time-consuming production process and pose safety risks. The development of non-toxic recombinant vaccines has helped to overcome these limitations. This study aims to evaluate the humoral immune response generated by cattle immunized with non-purified recombinant fragments of BoNTs C and D. Cattle were vaccinated in a two-dose scheme with 100, 200 and 400 µg of each antigen, with serum sampling on days 0, 56, 120, and 180 after vaccination. Animals who received either 200 or 400 μg of both antigens induced titers higher than the minimum required by the Brazilian ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply and achieved 100% (8/8) seroconversion rate. Animals vaccinated with commercial toxoid vaccine had only a 75% (6/8) seroconversion rate for both toxins. Animals that received doses containing 400 µg of recombinant protein were the only ones to maintain titers above the required level up until day 120 post-vaccination, and to achieve 100% (8/8) seroconversion for both toxins. In conclusion, 400 µg the recombinant Escherichia coli cell lysates supernatant was demonstrated to be an affordable means of producing an effective and safe botulism vaccine for cattle.
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17
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Silva ROS, Duarte MC, Oliveira Junior CA, de Assis RA, Lana AMQ, Lobato FCF. Comparison of humoral neutralizing antibody response in rabbits, guinea pigs, and cattle vaccinated with epsilon and beta toxoids from Clostridium perfringens and C. botulinum types C and D toxoids. Anaerobe 2018; 54:19-22. [PMID: 30076896 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Rabbits and guinea pigs are used in the official control and validation of clostridial vaccines, but it is unknown whether the antitoxin titers obtained in these animals corroborate with the humoral response in bovine. The objective of the study was to compare the humoral antibody response of guinea pig and rabbits to those obtained in cattle vaccinated with a commercial vaccine containing Clostridium perfringens epsilon and beta, and Clostridium botulinum types C and D toxoids. This study revealed the same level of humoral response in rabbits and cattle for all four toxoids tested, including C. botulinum types C and D toxoids. In contrast, the titers of neutralizing antibodies against C. botulinum type C toxin in guinea pigs differed from those obtained in cattle. Thus, the present work suggests that the potency test for C. botulinum types C in rabbits agrees more with the humoral response in cattle than the potency test in guinea pigs, thereby making it possible to use only rabbits as models in the official control and validations of clostridial vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Otávio Silveira Silva
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31.270-901, Brazil.
| | - Marina Carvalho Duarte
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Oliveira Junior
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Ronnie Antunes de Assis
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Angela Maria Quintão Lana
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Francisco Carlos Faria Lobato
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31.270-901, Brazil
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18
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Hoelzer K, Bielke L, Blake DP, Cox E, Cutting SM, Devriendt B, Erlacher-Vindel E, Goossens E, Karaca K, Lemiere S, Metzner M, Raicek M, Collell Suriñach M, Wong NM, Gay C, Van Immerseel F. Vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics for food producing animals. Part 2: new approaches and potential solutions. Vet Res 2018; 49:70. [PMID: 30060759 PMCID: PMC6066917 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0561-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines and other alternative products are central to the future success of animal agriculture because they can help minimize the need for antibiotics by preventing and controlling infectious diseases in animal populations. To assess scientific advancements related to alternatives to antibiotics and provide actionable strategies to support their development, the United States Department of Agriculture, with support from the World Organisation for Animal Health, organized the second International Symposium on Alternatives to Antibiotics. It focused on six key areas: vaccines; microbial-derived products; non-nutritive phytochemicals; immune-related products; chemicals, enzymes, and innovative drugs; and regulatory pathways to enable the development and licensure of alternatives to antibiotics. This article, the second part in a two-part series, highlights new approaches and potential solutions for the development of vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics in food producing animals; opportunities, challenges and needs for the development of such vaccines are discussed in the first part of this series. As discussed in part 1 of this manuscript, many current vaccines fall short of ideal vaccines in one or more respects. Promising breakthroughs to overcome these limitations include new biotechnology techniques, new oral vaccine approaches, novel adjuvants, new delivery strategies based on bacterial spores, and live recombinant vectors; they also include new vaccination strategies in-ovo, and strategies that simultaneously protect against multiple pathogens. However, translating this research into commercial vaccines that effectively reduce the need for antibiotics will require close collaboration among stakeholders, for instance through public–private partnerships. Targeted research and development investments and concerted efforts by all affected are needed to realize the potential of vaccines to improve animal health, safeguard agricultural productivity, and reduce antibiotic consumption and resulting resistance risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Hoelzer
- The Pew Charitable Trusts, 901 E Street NW, Washington, DC, 20004, USA.
| | - Lisa Bielke
- Ohio Agriculture and Research Development Center, Animal Sciences, Ohio State University, 202 Gerlaugh Hall, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Damer P Blake
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Eric Cox
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salsiburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Simon M Cutting
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Bert Devriendt
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salsiburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Erlacher-Vindel
- Science and New Technologies Department, World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), 12 Rue de Prony, 75017, Paris, France
| | - Evy Goossens
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salsiburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kemal Karaca
- Elanco Animal Health, 2500 Innovation Way, Greenfield, IN, USA
| | | | - Martin Metzner
- RIPAC-LABOR GmbH, Am Mühlenberg 11, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Margot Raicek
- Science and New Technologies Department, World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), 12 Rue de Prony, 75017, Paris, France
| | | | - Nora M Wong
- The Pew Charitable Trusts, 901 E Street NW, Washington, DC, 20004, USA
| | - Cyril Gay
- Office of National Programs, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Sunnyside Ave, 5601, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Filip Van Immerseel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salsiburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
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19
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Otaka DY, Barbosa JD, Moreira C, Ferreira MRA, Cunha CEP, Brito ARS, Donassolo RA, Moreira ÂN, Conceição FR, Salvarani FM. Humoral Response of Buffaloes to a Recombinant Vaccine against Botulism Serotypes C and D. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9100297. [PMID: 28937601 PMCID: PMC5666344 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9100297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Botulism is a fatal intoxication caused by botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), which are mainly produced by Clostridium botulinum and characterized by flaccid paralysis. The BoNTs C and D are the main serotypes responsible for botulism in animals, including buffaloes. Botulism is one of the leading causes of death in adult ruminants in Brazil due to the high mortality rates, even though botulism in buffaloes is poorly reported and does not reflect the real economic impact of this disease in Brazilian herds. Vaccination is reported as the most important prophylactic measure for botulism control, although there are no specific vaccines commercially available for buffaloes in Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the humoral immune response of buffalo groups vaccinated with three different concentrations of recombinant proteins (100, 200, and 400 µg) against BoNTs serotypes C and D as well as to compare the groups to each other and with a group vaccinated with a bivalent commercial toxoid. The recombinant vaccine with a concentration of 400 μg of proteins induced the highest titers among the tested vaccines and was proven to be the best choice among the formulations evaluated and should be considered as a potential vaccine against botulism in buffalo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Y Otaka
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, BR 316 Km 61, Saudade II, Cristo Redentor, Castanhal 68740-910, PA, Brazil.
| | - José D Barbosa
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, BR 316 Km 61, Saudade II, Cristo Redentor, Castanhal 68740-910, PA, Brazil.
| | - Clóvis Moreira
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96160-000, RS, Brazil.
| | - Marcos R A Ferreira
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96160-000, RS, Brazil.
| | - Carlos E P Cunha
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96160-000, RS, Brazil.
| | - Antônio R S Brito
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, BR 316 Km 61, Saudade II, Cristo Redentor, Castanhal 68740-910, PA, Brazil.
| | - Rafael A Donassolo
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96160-000, RS, Brazil.
| | - Ângela N Moreira
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96160-000, RS, Brazil.
| | - Fabrício R Conceição
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96160-000, RS, Brazil.
| | - Felipe M Salvarani
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, BR 316 Km 61, Saudade II, Cristo Redentor, Castanhal 68740-910, PA, Brazil.
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Salvarani FM, Otaka DY, Oliveira CM, Reis AS, Perdigão HH, Souza AE, Brito MF, Barbosa JD. Type C waterborne botulism outbreaks in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in the Amazon region. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2017000700008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Botulism is a poisoning caused by botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs). BoNTs serotypes C and D are involved in botulism outbreaks in cattle in several countries. Despite the high number of buffaloes worldwide, the real impact of botulism in buffaloes is not known, because it is not a notifiable disease in Brazil and only few studies have evaluated the occurrence of the disease in buffaloes. Those studies did not conduct diagnostic tests to confirm the presence of BoNTs. The objective of the present study was to describe three outbreaks of botulism in buffaloes in the Brazilian Amazon region considering epidemiological and clinical data as well as laboratory diagnosis to confirm the presence of BoNTs. The results of the bioassay were negative in the tissues and in feed samples, but positive for BoNT C in water samples. Confirmation of the occurrence of botulism in buffaloes allows the implementation of preventive strategies in susceptible herds. Waterborne botulism in buffaloes is prevented by ensuring the constant circulation of water collections and restricting the presence of dead animals and bones in order to prevent the accumulation of organic matter and the development of anaerobic conditions, which might favor the replication of Clostridium botulinum. Another measure that can be adopted is the shading of the pasture, in order to maintain the thermal comfort for the buffaloes and to avoid the excess of permanence of them in the water pools.
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de Oliveira NR, Jorge S, Gomes CK, Rizzi C, Pacce VD, Collares TF, Monte LG, Dellagostin OA. A novel chimeric protein composed of recombinant Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigens as a vaccine candidate evaluated in mice. Vet Microbiol 2017; 201:146-153. [PMID: 28284602 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Enzootic Pneumonia (EP) is caused by the Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae pathogenic bacteria, and it represents a significant respiratory disease that is responsible for major economic losses within the pig industry throughout the world. The bacterins that are currently commercially available have been proven to offer only partial protection against M. hyopneumoniae, and the development of more efficient vaccines is required. Several recombinant antigens have been evaluated via different immunization strategies and have been found to be highly immunogenic. This work describes the construction and immunological characterization of a multi-antigen chimera composed of four M. hyopneumoniae antigens: P97R1, P46, P95, and P42. Immunogenic regions of each antigen were selected and combined to encode a single polypeptide. The gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and the chimeric protein was recognized by specific antibodies against each subunit, as well as by convalescent pig sera. The immunogenic properties of the chimera were then evaluated in a mice model through two recombinant vaccines that were formulated as follows: (1) purified chimeric protein plus adjuvant or (2) recombinant Escherichia coli bacterin. The immune response induced in BALB/c mice immunized with each formulation was characterized in terms of total IgG levels, IgG1, and IgG2a isotypes against each antigen present in the chimera. The results of the study indicated that novel chimeric protein is a potential candidate for the future development of a more effective vaccine against EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, CP 354, CEP: 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Jorge
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, CP 354, CEP: 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Charles Klazer Gomes
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, CP 354, CEP: 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Rizzi
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, CP 354, CEP: 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Violetta Dias Pacce
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, CP 354, CEP: 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Thais Farias Collares
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, CP 354, CEP: 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Garcia Monte
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, CP 354, CEP: 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Odir Antônio Dellagostin
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, CP 354, CEP: 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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The development of veterinary vaccines: a review of traditional methods and modern biotechnology approaches. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biori.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ferreira MRA, Moreira GMSG, Cunha CEPD, Mendonça M, Salvarani FM, Moreira ÂN, Conceição FR. Recombinant Alpha, Beta, and Epsilon Toxins of Clostridium perfringens: Production Strategies and Applications as Veterinary Vaccines. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:E340. [PMID: 27879630 PMCID: PMC5127136 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8110340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is a spore-forming, commensal, ubiquitous bacterium that is present in the gastrointestinal tract of healthy humans and animals. This bacterium produces up to 18 toxins. The species is classified into five toxinotypes (A-E) according to the toxins that the bacterium produces: alpha, beta, epsilon, or iota. Each of these toxinotypes is associated with myriad different, frequently fatal, illnesses that affect a range of farm animals and humans. Alpha, beta, and epsilon toxins are the main causes of disease. Vaccinations that generate neutralizing antibodies are the most common prophylactic measures that are currently in use. These vaccines consist of toxoids that are obtained from C. perfringens cultures. Recombinant vaccines offer several advantages over conventional toxoids, especially in terms of the production process. As such, they are steadily gaining ground as a promising vaccination solution. This review discusses the main strategies that are currently used to produce recombinant vaccines containing alpha, beta, and epsilon toxins of C. perfringens, as well as the potential application of these molecules as vaccines for mammalian livestock animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Roberto A Ferreira
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas CEP 96160-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Marçal S G Moreira
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas CEP 96160-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Eduardo P da Cunha
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas CEP 96160-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Mendonça
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Unidade Acadêmica de Garanhuns, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Garanhuns CEP 55292-270, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Felipe M Salvarani
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal CEP 68740-970, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Ângela N Moreira
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas CEP 96160-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas CEP 96010-610, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Fabricio R Conceição
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas CEP 96160-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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