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Fernández Vecilla D, Urrutikoetxea Gutiérrez MJ, Roche Matheus MP, Angulo López I, Aspichueta Vivanco C, Calvo Muro FE, Díaz de Tuesta Del Arco JL. Description of eight human infections caused by Bacteroides pyogenes in a tertiary hospital of northern Spain. Anaerobe 2023; 82:102759. [PMID: 37419176 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Bacteroides pyogenes is a Gram-negative obligate anaerobe, saccharolytic, non-motile, non-pigment-producing and non-spore-forming rod. Reports of human infections caused by B. pyogenes are scarce, with approximately 30 cases documented in scientific literature. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of 8 different patients and to study the in vitro antibiotic susceptibility of the strains, as well as to evaluate the in vivo activity of the prescribed treatments. We conducted a descriptive retrospective study by searching all B. pyogenes isolates from January 2010 to March 2023 at the Basurto University Hospital. This included all cases, both in monomicrobial or polymicrobial cultures. Among the eight patients, three experienced severe infections such as bacteremia and osteomyelitis. All the strains were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem, meropenem, clindamycin, metronidazole and moxifloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikel Joseba Urrutikoetxea Gutiérrez
- Basurto University Hospital, Clinical Microbiology Service, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Mary Paz Roche Matheus
- Basurto University Hospital, Clinical Microbiology Service, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Itziar Angulo López
- Basurto University Hospital, Clinical Microbiology Service, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Cristina Aspichueta Vivanco
- Basurto University Hospital, Clinical Microbiology Service, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Felicitas Elena Calvo Muro
- Basurto University Hospital, Clinical Microbiology Service, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Basque Country, Spain
| | - José Luis Díaz de Tuesta Del Arco
- Basurto University Hospital, Clinical Microbiology Service, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Basque Country, Spain
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Fernández Vecilla D, Oiartzabal Elorriaga U, Urrutikoetxea Gutiérrez MJ, Pérez Ramos IS, Díaz de Tuesta Del Arco JL. Jaw osteomielitis and myositis caused by Bacteroides pyogenes. Anaerobe 2023; 79:102670. [PMID: 36423884 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Domingo Fernández Vecilla
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Basurto University Hospital, 18 Avenida Montevideo, 48013, Bilbao, Biscay, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces Plaza, 48903, Biscay, Spain.
| | - Udane Oiartzabal Elorriaga
- Radiodiagnosis Service of Basurto University Hospital, 18 Avenida Montevideo, 48013, Bilbao, Biscay, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces Plaza, 48903, Biscay, Spain.
| | - Mikel Joseba Urrutikoetxea Gutiérrez
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Basurto University Hospital, 18 Avenida Montevideo, 48013, Bilbao, Biscay, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces Plaza, 48903, Biscay, Spain.
| | - Iris Sharon Pérez Ramos
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Basurto University Hospital, 18 Avenida Montevideo, 48013, Bilbao, Biscay, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces Plaza, 48903, Biscay, Spain.
| | - José Luis Díaz de Tuesta Del Arco
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Basurto University Hospital, 18 Avenida Montevideo, 48013, Bilbao, Biscay, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces Plaza, 48903, Biscay, Spain.
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Vecilla DF, Matheus MPR, Hidalgo GI, de Tuesta Del Arco JLD. Osteomyelitis caused by Pasteurella multocida and Bacteroides pyogenes after cat bite. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 42:125-128. [PMID: 36348263 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-022-04520-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Domingo Fernández Vecilla
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Basurto University Hospital, 18 Avenida Montevideo, 48013, Bilbao (Biscay), Spain.
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces Plaza, 48903, Barakaldo (Biscay), Spain.
| | - Mary Paz Roche Matheus
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Basurto University Hospital, 18 Avenida Montevideo, 48013, Bilbao (Biscay), Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces Plaza, 48903, Barakaldo (Biscay), Spain
| | - Gotzon Iglesias Hidalgo
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces Plaza, 48903, Barakaldo (Biscay), Spain
- Radiodiagnosis Service of Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - José Luis Díaz de Tuesta Del Arco
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Basurto University Hospital, 18 Avenida Montevideo, 48013, Bilbao (Biscay), Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces Plaza, 48903, Barakaldo (Biscay), Spain
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Bacteroides pyogenes isolated from appendiceal abscess in a patient without animal contact. New Microbes New Infect 2021; 44:100933. [PMID: 34631109 PMCID: PMC8488308 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2021.100933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteroides pyogenes is a member of the oral flora of cats and dogs. We report a case of B. pyogenes isolated from an appendiceal abscess in a patient without a history of animal contact. This species was identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and sequencing of 16S rRNA, rpoB, gyrB and hsp60 genes.
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Shenoy PA, Vishwanath S, Nagaraj RT, Banerjee B, Krishna MS. Diabetic Foot Infection with Bacteroides pyogenes. J Glob Infect Dis 2021; 13:186-188. [PMID: 35017877 PMCID: PMC8697825 DOI: 10.4103/jgid.jgid_345_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
>Diabetic foot infections are the most common serious diabetes-related complication posing significant socioeconomic burden on the health-care system. Diabetic foot microbiota consists of polymicrobial flora with predominance of Gram-negative aerobes and anaerobes. Here, we report a rare case of diabetic foot infection by Bacteroides pyogenes, an obligate Gram-negative anaerobic bacillus which is commonly encountered in polymicrobial animal bite wound infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmaja Ananth Shenoy
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shashidhar Vishwanath
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravikumar Terikere Nagaraj
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Barnini Banerjee
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - M Sunil Krishna
- Department of Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Goggin KP, Beckmann N, Bettin K, Carrillo-Marquez M, Wood J, Arnold SR. Lemierre's Syndrome Due to the Zoonotic Anaerobe Bacteroides pyogenes: Case Report and Literature Review. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2021; 10:886-888. [PMID: 34038561 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Although Fusobacterium necrophorum is well described as an emerging pathogen of acute mastoiditis in young children, infection with other anaerobes can lead to similar severe sequelae including intracranial and extracranial suppurative thrombophlebitis and sepsis. We describe a patient whose unremarkable exposure history assumed increased significance upon obtaining the results of 16S next generation sequencing from a surgical specimen. The novel pathogen Bacteroides pyogenes is reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn P Goggin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nicholas Beckmann
- Department of Otolaryngology, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kristen Bettin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Academic Hospital Medicine, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Maria Carrillo-Marquez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joshua Wood
- Department of Otolaryngology, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sandra R Arnold
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Majewska A, Kierzkowska M, Kawecki D. What we actually know about the pathogenicity of Bacteroides pyogenes. Med Microbiol Immunol 2021; 210:157-163. [PMID: 33934237 PMCID: PMC8137477 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-021-00709-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the pathogenic potential of Bacteroides pyogenes, rarely identified in clinical laboratories anaerobic bacteria. To increase the knowledge about this poorly understood anaerobic microorganism, the study also includes cases of infections described so far in the literature. Only the use of 16S rRNA sequencing and mass spectrometry technique allowed the identification of B. pyogenes from clinical specimens. We reported 13 severe human infections caused by B. pyogenes. Bacteria were cultured from the wound after biting by animals, chronic infections within the oral cavity, from patients with histologically or radiological proven osteomyelitis, surgical site infection, and from urine sample collected after a urological procedure. Most (9/13) of the patients required hospitalization. Almost 70% of them needed urgent admission via the emergency room. Two inpatients due to a life-threatening condition were admitted to the intensive care unit. Almost 50% of isolates were resistant to penicillin. All resistant to penicillin strains were isolated from skin and mucous membrane infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Majewska
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5 Str, 02-004, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Kierzkowska
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5 Str, 02-004, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Kawecki
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5 Str, 02-004, Warsaw, Poland
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Nie X, Chen J, Ma X, Ni Y, Shen Y, Yu H, Panagiotou G, Bao Y. A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiome and visceral fat accumulation. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2596-2609. [PMID: 33033580 PMCID: PMC7528071 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Visceral fat is an independent risk factor for metabolic and cardiovascular disease. The study aimed to investigate the associations between gut microbiome and visceral fat. Methods We recruited 32 obese adults and 30 healthy controls at baseline. Among the obese subjects, 14 subjects underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and were followed 6 months after surgery. Abdominal visceral fat area (VFA) and subcutaneous fat area (SFA) were measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Waist, hipline, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI) were included as simple obese parameters. Gut microbiome was analyzed by metagenomic sequencing. Results Among the obese parameters, VFA had the largest number of correlations with the species that were differentially enriched between obese and healthy subjects, following by waist, WHR, BMI, hipline, and SFA. Within the species negatively correlated with VFA, Eubacterium eligens had the strongest correlation, following by Clostridium citroniae, C. symbiosum, Bacteroides uniformis, E. ventriosum, Ruminococcaceae bacterium D16, C. hathewayi, etc. C. hathewayi and C. citroniae were increased after LSG. Functional analyses showed that among all the obese parameters, VFA had strongest correlation coefficients with the obesity-related microbial pathways. Microbial pathways involved in carbohydrate fermentation and biosynthesis of L-glutamate and L-glutamine might contribute to visceral fat accumulation. Conclusions Visceral fat was more closely correlated with gut microbiome compared with subcutaneous fat, suggesting an intrinsic connection between gut microbiome and metabolic cardiovascular diseases. Specific microbial species and pathways which were closely associated with visceral fat accumulation might contribute to new targeted therapies for metabolic disorders.
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Key Words
- 2hCP, 2-hour C-peptide
- 2hPG, 2-hour plasma glucose
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- BCAAs, branched chain amino acids
- BMI, body mass index
- CoDA, Compositional Data Analysis
- Cr, creatinine
- DBP, diastolic blood pressure
- FCp, fasting C-peptide
- FDR, false discovery rate
- FMT, fecal microbiota transplantation
- FPG, fasting plasma glucose
- GPR43, G-protein coupled receptor 43
- Gut microbiome
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- LPS, lipopolysaccharides
- LSG, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
- Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- MSG, monosodium glutamate
- Metagenomics
- Obesity
- SBP, systolic blood pressure
- SCFAs, short chain fatty acids
- SFA, subcutaneous fat area
- TC, total cholesterol
- TCA, tricarboxylic acid cycle
- TG, triglyceride
- UA, uric acid
- VFA, visceral fat area
- Visceral fat
- WBC, white blood cell count
- WHR, waist-to-hip ratio
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Nie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jiarui Chen
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yueqiong Ni
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Yun Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Haoyong Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China (H. Yu and Y. Bao). Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany (G. Panagiotou).
| | - Gianni Panagiotou
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
- Department of Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China (H. Yu and Y. Bao). Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany (G. Panagiotou).
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China (H. Yu and Y. Bao). Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany (G. Panagiotou).
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Bignucolo O, Bernèche S. The Voltage-Dependent Deactivation of the KvAP Channel Involves the Breakage of Its S4 Helix. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:162. [PMID: 32850956 PMCID: PMC7403406 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv) allow ion permeation upon changes of the membrane electrostatic potential (Vm). Each subunit of these tetrameric channels is composed of six transmembrane helices, of which the anti-parallel helix bundle S1-S4 constitutes the voltage-sensor domain (VSD) and S5-S6 forms the pore domain. Here, using 82 molecular dynamics (MD) simulations involving 266 replicated VSDs, we report novel responses of the archaebacterial potassium channel KvAP to membrane polarization. We show that the S4 α-helix, which is straight in the experimental crystal structure solved under depolarized conditions (Vm ∼ 0), breaks into two segments when the cell membrane is hyperpolarized (Vm << 0), and reversibly forms a single straight helix following depolarization (Vm = 0). The outermost segment of S4 translates along the normal to the membrane, bringing new perspective to previously paradoxical accessibility experiments that were initially thought to imply the displacement of the whole VSD across the membrane. The novel model is applied through steered and unbiased MD simulations to the recently solved whole structure of KvAP. The simulations show that the resting state involves a re-orientation of the S5 α-helix by ∼ 5-6 degrees in respect to the normal of the bilayer, which could result in the constriction and closure of the selectivity filter. Our findings support the idea that the breakage of S4 under (hyper)polarization is a general feature of Kv channels with a non-swapped topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Bignucolo
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel/Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Simon Bernèche
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel/Lausanne, Switzerland
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Tkadlec J, Krutova M, Matejkova J, Nyc O, Drevinek P. Bloodstream infection caused by Bacteroides denticanum, a close relative of Bacteroides pyogenes, misidentified by MALDI TOF- mass spectrometry. Anaerobe 2018; 54:23-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Gajdács M, Spengler G, Urbán E. Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Anaerobic Bacteria: Rubik's Cube of Clinical Microbiology? Antibiotics (Basel) 2017; 6:E25. [PMID: 29112122 PMCID: PMC5745468 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics6040025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic bacteria have pivotal roles in the microbiota of humans and they are significant infectious agents involved in many pathological processes, both in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. Their isolation, cultivation and correct identification differs significantly from the workup of aerobic species, although the use of new technologies (e.g., matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, whole genome sequencing) changed anaerobic diagnostics dramatically. In the past, antimicrobial susceptibility of these microorganisms showed predictable patterns and empirical therapy could be safely administered but recently a steady and clear increase in the resistance for several important drugs (β-lactams, clindamycin) has been observed worldwide. For this reason, antimicrobial susceptibility testing of anaerobic isolates for surveillance purposes or otherwise is of paramount importance but the availability of these testing methods is usually limited. In this present review, our aim was to give an overview of the methods currently available for the identification (using phenotypic characteristics, biochemical testing, gas-liquid chromatography, MALDI-TOF MS and WGS) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (agar dilution, broth microdilution, disk diffusion, gradient tests, automated systems, phenotypic and molecular resistance detection techniques) of anaerobes, when should these methods be used and what are the recent developments in resistance patterns of anaerobic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márió Gajdács
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Gabriella Spengler
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Edit Urbán
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary.
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